Journal articles: 'Outer border'

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Lucas, Eliana P., Ichha Khanal, Pedro Gaspar, Georgina C. Fletcher, Cedric Polesello, Nicolas Tapon, and Barry J. Thompson. "The Hippo pathway polarizes the actin cytoskeleton during collective migration of Drosophila border cells." Journal of Cell Biology 201, no. 6 (June 3, 2013): 875–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201210073.

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Collective migration of Drosophila border cells depends on a dynamic actin cytoskeleton that is highly polarized such that it concentrates around the outer rim of the migrating cluster of cells. How the actin cytoskeleton becomes polarized in these cells to enable collective movement remains unknown. Here we show that the Hippo signaling pathway links determinants of cell polarity to polarization of the actin cytoskeleton in border cells. Upstream Hippo pathway components localize to contacts between border cells inside the cluster and signal through the Hippo and Warts kinases to polarize actin and promote border cell migration. Phosphorylation of the transcriptional coactivator Yorkie (Yki)/YAP by Warts does not mediate the function of this pathway in promoting border cell migration, but rather provides negative feedback to limit the speed of migration. Instead, Warts phosphorylates and inhibits the actin regulator Ena to activate F-actin Capping protein activity on inner membranes and thereby restricts F-actin polymerization mainly to the outer rim of the migrating cluster.

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Miyamoto, Y., J. L. Coone, V. Ganapathy, and F. H. Leibach. "Distribution and properties of the glycylsarcosine-transport system in rabbit renal proximal tubule. Studies with isolated brush-border-membrane vesicles." Biochemical Journal 249, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 247–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2490247.

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The distribution and properties of the peptide-transport system in rabbit renal proximal tubule was examined with glycylsarcosine as the substrate and using brush-border-membrane vesicles derived from pars convoluta (outer cortex) and pars recta (outer medulla). The dipeptide was transported into these vesicles against a concentration gradient in the presence of an inward-directed H+ gradient, demonstrating the presence of a H+-coupled peptide-transport system in outer-cortical as well as outer-medullary brush-border membranes. Even though the transport was electrogenic and was energized by a H+ gradient in both membranes, the system was more active in outer medullary membranes than in outer cortical membranes. Kinetic analysis showed that, although the affinity of the transport system for glycylsarcosine was similar in both membrane preparations, the capacity of the system was significantly greater in outer medulla than in outer cortex. In addition, the pH profiles of the peptide-transport systems in these membrane preparations also showed dissimilarities. The greater dipeptide uptake in one membrane vis-à-vis the other may probably be due to the difference in the affinity of the transport system for H+ and/or the difference in peptide/H+ stoichiometry.

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Quamme, G. A. "Effect of pH on Na(+)-dependent phosphate transport in renal outer cortical and outer medullary BBMV." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 258, no. 2 (February 1, 1990): F356—F363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1990.258.2.f356.

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The influence of pH on sodium-phosphate cotransport was determined in brush-border membrane vesicles (BBMV) isolated from outer cortical and outer medullary tissue of porcine kidneys. Two transport systems are apparent in outer cortical brush-border vesicles, and one process is apparent in outer medullary vesicles at all pH values. The apparent maximum uptake rate (Vmax) of the low-affinity system in outer cortex vesicles decreased from 8.3 +/- 1.7 to 3.2 +/- 0.05 nmol.mg protein-1.min-1 with pH change of 8.0 to 6.0, and the high-affinity process changed from 1.3 +/- 0.2 to 0.1 +/- 0.01 nmol.mg protein-1.min-1. The respective affinity values (Km) also decreased 5.5 +/- 0.9 to 0.6 +/- 0.01 mM and 0.08 +/- 0.005 to 0.01 +/- 0.005 mM, respectively, with acidification. In outer medullary vesicles a decrease in pH diminished the apparent Km, 0.28 +/- 0.03 to 0.02 +/- 0.003 mM, and mean Vmax from 3.0 +/- 0.07 to 0.5 +/- 0.1 nmol.mg protein-1.min-1. The mean KNaD values were 22.1 +/- 4.2 mM in outer cortical vesicles (low-affinity system) and 58.7 +/- 7.2 mM in outer medullary vesicles (high-affinity system) and were not altered by pH, suggesting that H+ does not affect the sodium interactive site. The data suggest that the vesicles prepared from outer cortical and outer medullary tissue possess distinctive sodium-phosphate transporters that are sensitive to external H+ concentrations.

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Jourd'heuil, D., S. Mehta, and J. B. Meddings. "Hemileaflet susceptibility to oxidative damage in the intestinal brush-border membrane." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 268, no. 2 (February 1, 1995): G260—G269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1995.268.2.g260.

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Oxidation of biological membranes is characteristic of many types of tissue injury, including those observed with inflammatory bowel disease. The lipid compositions of the inner and outer leaflets of biological membranes differ significantly, making one leaflet theoretically more susceptible to oxidative stress than the other. In this study, we evaluated the susceptibility of each membrane hemileaflet for peroxyl radical-mediated oxidation. In vitro peroxidation of intestinal brush-border membrane was initiated with the peroxyl radical-generator 2,2'-azobis-(2-amidinopropane)hydrochloric acid (AAPH). Oxidation events were monitored by following the oxidation-sensitive degradation of the lipid-soluble fluorescent probe cis-parinaric acid (PnA). The degradation patterns were clearly distinct in the inner and outer hemileaflet. PnA degradation in the inner hemileaflet was consistent with a slow first-order reaction, whereas degradation in the outer leaflet appeared as two first-order processes delayed in time. The results suggest that the sum of available antioxidants and endogenous substrates for oxidation are consumed more rapidly in the outer membrane hemileaflet, making this leaflet more susceptible to peroxidation compared with the cytofacial leaflet.

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Wennemers, Sander. "De Mauritslinie langs de IJssel." Tijdschrift voor Historische Geografie 6, no. 3 (January 1, 2021): 282–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/thg2021.3.004.wenn.

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Abstract The Mauritsline on the IJssel border. A cultural-historical structure in the present landscape At the end of the 16th century the Dutch Republic formed its outer borders alongside the major rivers. Prince Maurits instigated the build of 26 defensive structures (schansen, redoubts) on the IJssel border. Due to a lack of documentation, little is known of the location and the remains of these structures. This article is a first step to start to locate these former border posts. A list with a description of the locations was the starting point. Old maps, aerial photos and landscape biotopes were used to locate the redoubts. After the location of the structures this article proposes to develop a cultural-historical experience of the former ‘Maurits IJssellinie’, which can be done in several ways. It is an important story in the history of the beginning of the Dutch Republic.

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Heegaard, Einar. "The outer border and central border for species–environmental relationships estimated by non-parametric generalised additive models." Ecological Modelling 157, no. 2-3 (November 2002): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3800(02)00191-6.

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Quamme, G. A., J. J. Walker, and T. S. Yan. "pH gradient-stimulated phosphate transport in outer medullary brush-border membranes." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 257, no. 4 (October 1, 1989): F639—F648. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1989.257.4.f639.

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Phosphate transport was studied in brush-border membrane vesicles prepared from outer medullary tissue of the porcine kidney. Phosphate uptake studies were performed in the absence of sodium at 21 degrees C. A 1.2- to 12-fold overshoot, above equilibrium values, was present with intracellular pH (pHin) equal to 8.0 and extracellular pH (pHout) equal to 6.5, which was not evident at pHin = pHout. Concentration-dependence of the pH-stimulate uptake was determined by the difference of uptake in the absence of a pH gradient (pHin = pHout) from that in the presence of a pH gradient over a large range of phosphate concentrations. The uptake was consistent with a single facilitative system characterized by apparent kinetic parameters; with Michaelis constant 149 +/- 11 microM and maximal velocity 4.9 +/- 0.4 nmol.mg protein-1.min-1, n = 3. Phosphate uptake was inhibited by the stilbene derivative 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid with a mean inhibition constant (Ki) value of 0.15 mM (n = 2). In addition, pH gradient-stimulated phosphate uptake was sensitive to furosemide and bumetanide; Ki values of 0.50 +/- 0.05 and 0.11 +/- 0.04 mM, respectively. Arsenate (1 mM) and phosphonoformate (1 mM) inhibited pH-dependent phosphate uptake, whereas sulfate (5 mM), bicarbonate (25 mM), and chloride (100 mM) were without effect, indicating that the transport system is relatively specific to phosphate and its close analogues. pH gradient-stimulated phosphate uptake was not influenced by potassium-diffusional gradients. The data provide evidence for a facilitative process in brush-border membrane vesicles isolated from outer medullary tissue of the pig kidney that is capable of transporting phosphate in the absence of sodium.

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Montorio, Daniela, Chiara Giuffrè, Elisabetta Miserocchi, Giulio Modorati, Riccardo Sacconi, Stefano Mercuri, Lea Querques, Giuseppe Querques, and Francesco Bandello. "Swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography in serpiginous choroiditis." British Journal of Ophthalmology 102, no. 7 (October 5, 2017): 991–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-310989.

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Background/AimsTo analyse choroidal vascular density of affected and non-affected areas in active and inactive serpiginouschoroiditis (SC) by means of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A).MethodsIn this cross-sectional and observational study, 22 eyes of 11 patients diagnosed with SC were included. All patients underwent blue-light fundus autofluorescence (spectralis Heidelberg retinalangiography+OCT) and swept-source OCT-A (AngioPlex Elite 9000 SS-OCT, Carl Zeiss Meditech) to analyse qualitative features and choroidal vessel density of areas considered affected, and the inner and the outer border of the lesions. Unaffected areas of otherwise healthy retina have also been studied.ResultsAll inactive inflammatory lesions were characterised by atrophy of choriocapillaris with an impairment of its detectable flow and greater visibility of choroidal vessels. On the other hand, all active inflammatory lesions showed an area of complete absence of decorrelation signal. The pathological border was characterised by a statistically significant lower choroidal vessel density compared with both the outer border and the unaffected area (0.650±0.113 vs 0.698±0.112, (p<0.001)). Although not statistically significant, vessel density of the outer border of inactive lesions was lower than vessel density of unaffected areas (0.650±0.113 vs 0.698±0.112, p=0.441). Active inflammatory lesions showed an area of complete absence of decorrelation signal at the level of the choriocapillaris and whole choroid.ConclusionOCT-A represents a new imaging technique that provides useful information about the leading changes of choroidal vascular network in active and inactive lesions of SC.

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Milhiet, Pierre Emmanuel, Chantal Domec, Marie-Cécile Giocondi, Nicole Van Mau, Frédéric Heitz, and Christian Le Grimellec. "Domain Formation in Models of the Renal Brush Border Membrane Outer Leaflet." Biophysical Journal 81, no. 1 (July 2001): 547–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3495(01)75721-9.

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10

Fukuhara, Y., and R. J. Turner. "Cation dependence of renal outer cortical brush border membrane L-glutamate transport." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 248, no. 6 (June 1, 1985): F869—F875. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1985.248.6.f869.

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The cation dependence of L-glutamate transport in renal outer cortical brush border membrane vesicles was studied. Both cis sodium and trans potassium were required for optimal L-glutamate flux. Relative to simultaneous sodium (out greater than in) and potassium (in greater than out) gradient conditions, flux was reduced 50-fold by potassium removal and more than 100-fold by sodium removal. The effect of potassium removal in this preparation was markedly larger than that observed in other renal brush border membrane preparations. No other monovalent cation tested was effective in replacing sodium. However, Rb+ and Cs+ and to a lesser degree NH+4 were found to be effective potassium substitutes. Kinetic analysis of the Na/K-dependent component of L-glutamate flux indicated a single transport system of Km = 13 microM and Vmax = 1.3 nmol X min-1 X mg protein-1. Studies of the dependence of L-glutamate flux on potassium and sodium concentrations yielded Hill coefficients of 0.9 and 1.9, respectively, consistent with involvement of one potassium ion and two or more sodium ions in the L-glutamate transport event. Efflux studies indicated that sodium and potassium act at different steps in the transport cycle, sodium to facilitate the translocation of the glutamate-carrier complex, and potassium to facilitate the return of the unloaded carrier. A model for renal Na/K-dependent L-glutamate transport is suggested on the basis of these results.

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11

Shen, Hong, David E. Smith, Tianxin Yang, Yuning G. Huang, Jürgen B. Schnermann, and Frank C. Brosius. "Localization of PEPT1 and PEPT2 proton-coupled oligopeptide transporter mRNA and protein in rat kidney." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 276, no. 5 (May 1, 1999): F658—F665. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1999.276.5.f658.

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To determine the renal localization of oligopeptide transporters, Northern blot analyses were performed and polyclonal antisera were generated against PEPT1 and PEPT2, the two cloned rat H+/peptide transporters. Under high-stringency conditions, a 3.0-kb mRNA transcript of rat PEPT1 was expressed primarily in superficial cortex, whereas a 3.5-kb mRNA transcript of PEPT2 was expressed primarily in deep cortex/outer stripe of outer medulla. PEPT1 antisera detected a specific band on immunoblots of renal and intestinal brush-border membrane vesicles (BBMV) with an apparent mobility of ∼90 kDa. PEPT2 antisera detected a specific broad band of ∼85 kDa in renal but not in intestinal BBMV. PEPT1 immunolocalization experiments showed detection of a brush border antigen in S1 segments of the proximal tubule and in the brush border of villi from all segments of the small intestine. In contrast, PEPT2 immunolocalization was primarily confined to the brush border of S3 segments of the proximal tubule. All other nephron segments in rat were negative for PEPT1 and PEPT2 staining. Overall, our results conclusively demonstrate that although PEPT1 is expressed in early regions of the proximal tubule (pars convoluta), PEPT2 is specific for the latter regions of proximal tubule (pars recta).

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DeGiglio-Bellemare, Mario. "Border Crossing with the Uninvited in Matthew’s Wedding Feast Parable and Jacques Tourneur’s 'I Walked with a Zombie'." Postscripts: The Journal of Sacred Texts, Cultural Histories, and Contemporary Contexts 3, no. 1 (September 23, 2008): 97–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/post.v3i1.97.

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This article is a theological (re)reading of Matthew’s wedding feast parable (22:1–14) through one of the parable’s specific disruptions: the man without a wedding garment. It argues that the plight of this enigmatic figure critiques Matthew’s dualistic anti-imperial reversal on its own terms and unveils the theology of empire embedded within its narrative. The man without a wedding garment is a border crosser whose presence unleashes a violent reaction from the anti-imperial king of the parable: the king has the man thrown into the “outer darkness.” The second half of the paper crosses into the world of B-horror, where the zombies in the Jacques Tourneur/Val Lewton collaboration, I Walked with a Zombie (RKO: 1943), are border crossers who not only disrupt colonial space, but also achieve a narrative and spatial takeover. Tourneur’s zombie film is offered as a way out of Matthew’s “outer darkness” and into a space of subversive hope. This article argues that border crossing is a subaltern strategy of resistance for the uprooted, dislocated, and excluded of the world.

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Zhang, Z., and J. W. Nichols. "Protein-mediated transfer of fluorescent-labeled phospholipids across brush border of rabbit intestine." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 267, no. 1 (July 1, 1994): G80—G86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1994.267.1.g80.

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Monoacyl and diacyl phospholipids labeled with the fluorescent probe 7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl (NBD) were used to measure the rate of phospholipid transfer between artificial large unilammelar vesicles and rabbit intestine brush-border membrane vesicles (BBMV). This assay demonstrated that transfer into and out of BBMV occurred in two kinetic phases. The fast rate of transfer resulted from interbilayer transfer between the outer membrane leaflets. The slower rate resulted from transmembrane transfer across the BBMV. Treatment of the BBMV with the protease pronase E and with the histidyl reagent diethylpyrocarbonate inhibited the rate of transmembrane transfer. Phospholipids containing one or two acyl chains and a wide range of head-group structures were transported across the membranes with rates that increased as a direct function of their water solubility. These data demonstrated the existence of a protein transporter in the intestinal brush border that functions to absorb slightly water-soluble lysophospholipids and short-chain diacyl phospholipids without redistributing the highly water-insoluble long-chain diacyl phospholipids between the outer and inner leaflets of the brush-border membrane.

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Volz, Kevin R., Kevin D. Evans, Larry Tyler Fout, Cristina Hutmire, Carolyn M. Sommerich, and John A. Buford. "Utilization of Sonography Compared With Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Determining the Cross-Sectional Area of the Median Nerve in a Sample of Working Macaca fascicularis." Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography 28, no. 6 (November 2012): 279–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8756479312461398.

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A preclinical study of 15 Macaca fascicularis monkeys was conducted to determine (1) the ability of detecting median mononeuropathy (MMN) within the median nerve after a work intervention and (2) the relationship between the layers of the median nerve during an acute inflammatory process by using sonography in conjunction with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Cross-sectional areas (CSAs) were imaged using MRI and sonography proximal to the carpal tunnel inlet (defined by the most distal portion of the radius) and further distal into the carpal tunnel (defined by the most proximal portion of the pisiform) at the prework exposure stage. CSAs measured on the outer edge of the median nerve were obtained from both modalities, at both anatomical locations. An intermodality t test demonstrated no statistical differences between the two sets of measurements (radius, P ≤ .15; pisiform, P ≤ .46). At the postwork exposure stage, sonographic measurements were obtained on the outer and inner borders of the median nerve at both anatomical levels. A two-tailed t test showed statistically significant differences within the carpal tunnel comparing pre- and postwork CSA measurements (radius, P ≤ .01; pisiform, P ≤ .297). The epineurial layer area was then determined as the difference between outer-border and inner-border CSAs. Pearson correlations between the epineurial layer and overall median nerve CSA within the carpal tunnel demonstrated a strong positive correlation that was statistically significant ( r = 0.97; P ≤ .01) after postwork exposure. Possible factors contributing to this acute phase of MMN could be hyperemia within the layers of the nerve and the development of Renault bodies. This work would need to be translated to human studies for further confirmation of the anatomic and clinical significance of this effect.

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Kim, K. R., and Y. S. Park. "Phlorhizin Binding to Renal Outer Cortical Brush-Border Membranes of Cadmium-Injected Rabbits." Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 133, no. 2 (August 1995): 244–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/taap.1995.1148.

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Jarašūniene, Aldona. "RESEARCH INTO FREIGHT TRANSPORT QUEUING AT CUSTOMS CONTROL POSTS." TRANSPORT 20, no. 4 (August 30, 2005): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2005.9638015.

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The changes after Lithuania joined the EU and customs union are analyzed here. For the transport flows forecast and the analysis of traffic at the border theories of multidimensional regression, correlation analysis and wholesale service flows are applied here, the statistical data is processed. According to these mathematical theories and methods a transport flow which will cross the outer border of the EU is forecasted. The method how to predict the amount of transport at a certain border is shown here. The research is performed to find out which custom links have problems. Conclusions and few suggestions how to quicken road traffic flows through Lithuanian customs are also presented in this work.

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Bai, Cheng, and Jin Huang. "Improving the Validity of Squeeze Film Air-Damping Model of MEMS Devices with Border Effect." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/192891.

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Evaluation of squeezed film air damping is critical in the design and control of dynamic MEMS devices. The published squeezed film air damping models are generally derived from the analytical solutions of Reynolds equation or its other modified forms under the supposition of trivial pressure boundary conditions on the peripheral borders. These treatments ignoring the border effect can not give faithful result for structure with smaller air venting gap or the double-gimbaled structure in which the inner frame and outer one affect the air venting. In this paper, we use Green’s function to solve the nonlinear Reynolds equation with inhomogeneous boundary conditions. For two typical normal motion cases of parallel plate, the analytical models of squeeze film damping force with border effect are established. The viscous and inertial losses with real values and image values acoustic impedance are all included in the model. These models reduced the time consumption while giving satisfactory result. Without multifield coupling analysis, the estimation of the dynamic behavior of MEMS device is also allowed, and the simulation of the system performance is more convenient.

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Lin, Tzu-Huai, Tsung-Han Yeh, Tsu-Wei Wang, and Jenn-Yah Yu. "The Hippo Pathway Controls Border Cell Migration Through Distinct Mechanisms in Outer Border Cells and Polar Cells of the Drosophila Ovary." Genetics 198, no. 3 (August 26, 2014): 1087–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.114.167346.

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Quamme, Gary A. "Effect of parathyroid hormone and dietary phosphate on phosphate transport in renal outer cortical and outer medullary brush-border membrane vesicles." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes 1024, no. 1 (May 1990): 122–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-2736(90)90215-a.

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Grabowik, Cezary, and Witold Janik. "The Concrete Casting Matrixes Inserts Design Preparation Based on the Master Models." Advanced Materials Research 702 (May 2013): 259–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.702.259.

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Currently industrial needs exceed traditional design approach solutions. To satisfy that need designer have to deal with mutually exclusive restrictions. The solution to this problemis to maintain these restrictions with proper methodthat guarantees right result. The concrete casting matrixes are not only transits beauty and art but they have also important technical sense in final product. The master model represents the final product a concrete sidewalk brick which have specified form of the top surface. This special structure of the top surface helps drain water off the brick in order to maintain proper griping properties of it after it rains. As soon as the master model wasscannedit was necessary to change outer border line of 3D model because themaster model appeared to be a little bit bigger than the original one. Finally the 3D model it is the outer border line and its geometry were modified in order to keep the original model functionality. All modifications were done with application of reverse engineering and CAD/CAM software.

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Thompson, R. H. "Tokens Attributable to Sark." Antiquaries Journal 79 (September 1999): 400–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003581500044619.

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The octagonal copper artefact illustrated in figure 1, dimensions 27 by 22 by 2mm and weight 8.60g = 132.7grs, bears on die obverse a shield of arms within a double octagonal border, the outer denticular, and the incomplete inner border linear; this looks like an impression from a professionally engraved seal-die, though one perhaps of a provincial goldsmith's rather than a metropolitan standard. The reverse, in contrast, is from a crudely engraved die which nevertheless shows in places an octagonal border of pellets; its device is a merchant's mark with sign of four to left, a letter H in base and a letter C on the upright, the whole between two fleurs de lis, all in relief. The die axis is 180°.

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Cavichia, Oscar, Roberto D. D. Costa, and Walter J. Maciel. "Planetary nebulae in the inner Milky Way." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 5, S265 (August 2009): 354–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174392131000089x.

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AbstractNew abundances of planetary nebulae located towards the bulge of the Galaxy are derived based on observations made at LNA (Brazil). We present accurate abundances of the elements He, N, S, O, Ar, and Ne for 56 PNe located towards the galactic bulge. The data shows a good agreement with other results in the literature, in the sense that the distribution of the abundances is similar to those works. From the statistical analysis performed, we can suggest a bulge-disk interface at 2.2 kpc for the intermediate mass population, marking therefore the outer border of the bulge and inner border of the disk.

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Eldred, William D., and Kristin Cheung. "Immunocytochemical localization of glycine in the retina of the turtle (Pseudemys scripta)." Visual Neuroscience 2, no. 4 (April 1989): 331–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800002133.

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AbstractWe have localized glycine-like immunoreactivity to provide new anatomical detail about glycinergic neurons in the turtle retina. A rabbit antiserum directed against a glycine/albumin conjugate was used with standard fluorescent and avidin-biotin labeling techniques. Some processes in the outer plexiform layer and many processes in the inner plexiform layer, numerous somata in the inner nuclear layer, and isolated somata in the ganglion cell layer were immunoreactive.The vast majority of labeled neurons were amacrine cells. One class of amacrine cells had well-labeled somata near the inner nuclear/inner plexiform layer border, which gave rise to thick primary processes that entered the inner plexiform layer and arborized near the border of strata 1 and 2 and in stratum 3. A second class of glycinergic neurons, consisting of putative interplexiform cells, was unique in that it gave rise to dendritic arborizations in both the outer plexiform layer and the inner plexiform layer. Some of the immunoreactive neurons in the ganglion cell layer were apparently displaced amacrine cells, while others were probably true ganglion cells because they gave rise to labeled axons, and many labeled axons were visible in the ganglion cell axon layer. These results suggested that glycine played an extensive role in the turtle retina, and that it was involved in many diverse synaptic interactions in both the outer plexiform layer and the inner plexiform layer.

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Sawant, Ketki, Yujun Chen, Nirupama Kotian, Kevin M. Preuss, and Jocelyn A. McDonald. "Rap1 GTPase promotes coordinated collective cell migration in vivo." Molecular Biology of the Cell 29, no. 22 (November 2018): 2656–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e17-12-0752.

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During development and in cancer, cells often move together in small to large collectives. To move as a unit, cells within collectives need to stay coupled together and coordinate their motility. How cell collectives remain interconnected and migratory, especially when moving through in vivo environments, is not well understood. The genetically tractable border cell group undergoes a highly polarized and cohesive cluster-type migration in the Drosophila ovary. Here we report that the small GTPase Rap1, through activation by PDZ-GEF, regulates border cell collective migration. We find that Rap1 maintains cell contacts within the cluster, at least in part by promoting the organized distribution of E-cadherin at specific cell–cell junctions. Rap1 also restricts migratory protrusions to the front of the border cell cluster and promotes the extension of protrusions with normal dynamics. Further, Rap1 is required in the outer migratory border cells but not in the central nonmigratory polar cells. Such cell specificity correlates well with the spatial distribution of the inhibitory Rapgap1 protein, which is higher in polar cells than in border cells. We propose that precisely regulated Rap1 activity reinforces connections between cells and polarizes the cluster, thus facilitating the coordinated collective migration of border cells.

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Karalevich, Uladzimir V., and Dmitrij G. Medvedev. "Influence of extended heat sources on the temperature distribution in profiled polar-orthotropic annular plates with heat-insulated bases." Journal of the Belarusian State University. Mathematics and Informatics, no. 2 (August 5, 2021): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.33581/2520-6508-2021-2-99-104.

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The solution of the stationary heat conduction problem for profiled polar-orthotropic annular plates with heat-insulated bases from N extended heat sources at their external border is presented. The temperature distribution in such plates will be non-axisymmetric. The solution of the stationary heat conduction problem for anisotropic annular plates of an random profile is resolved through the solution of the corresponding Volterra integral equation of the second kind. The formula of a temperature calculations in anisotropic annular plates of an random profile is given. The exact solution of stationary heat conduction problem for polar-orthotropic annular plate of an exponential profile is recorded. The temperature distribution in such anisotropic plate from N extended heat sources at its outer border is more complex than in the case of temperature distribution from N point heat sources at their external border.

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Kifli, Gontom Citoro, and Sammy Mochammad Shafar. "PENGEMBANGAN EKONOMI SEBAGAI STRATEGI KEAMANAN DI DAERAH PERBATASAN NEGARA: POTENSI DAN TANTANGAN DALAM PENGEMBANGAN PETERNAKAN DI KALIMANTAN BARAT." Jurnal Kawistara 9, no. 3 (December 22, 2019): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/kawistara.40764.

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Studies on border areas have given much attention on their strategic position in term national security sectors. This security-oriented analaysis overlook economic potential of border areas that are essential in the development of border areas and marginal society. The rich economic potential of border areas evident in the outer areas of Wes Kalimantan, including five regencies which are directly adjacent to the Sarawak state of Malaysia. Three out of five districts have the official cross-border. These areas have extensive potential land as a source of forage and livestock feed; however the effort to increase animal husbandry and meat production are still met with challenges. The purpose of this study is to analyze the condition of food security of the people at the border, especially in animal protein sufficiency and to make a proper strategy in improving of livestock sector in order of food security at the border areas of West Kalimantan. This study is based quantitative analysis of farming statistic in West Kalimantan. Using Dependency Theory this study found that while people at border are in West Kalimantan are relatively safe from food scarcity, their productivity is lower than the potential in livestock population and meat production. Two factors are essential, namely 1) optimization of superior forage planting on cultivated land and grazing land, and 2) maximum utilization of rubber and palm oil plantation application of integrated crops and livestock system and its modification

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Zarani, Flora E., and Lukas H. Margaritis. "The eggshell of Drosophila melanogaster. V. Structure and morphogenesis of the micropylar apparatus." Canadian Journal of Zoology 64, no. 11 (November 1, 1986): 2509–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z86-372.

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The micropylar apparatus in Drosophila melanogaster consists of two parts. The inner part is a protrusion of vitelline membrane, whereas the outer part is a chorionic protrusion containing a canal, through which the spermatozoon enters. In the formation of the micropylar apparatus two follicle cell subpopulations are involved: the border cells, i.e., a group of 9 follicle cells, and the peripheral cells (about 36 cells). The morphogenesis of the micropyle starts at stage 10B, when the border cells secrete the paracrystalline region of the vitelline membrane. The micropylar canal (length 7 μm, diameter 0.7 μm) and the pocket that penetrates within the paracrystalline structure are moulded by two border cell projections, full of microtubules. The formation of the micropyle terminates at stage 14B, when its chorionic part is completed and the border cell projections degenerate. The structure of the micropyle in fertilized and unfertilized laid eggs differs from the mature (stage 14B) egg in that the vitelline membrane is modified and appears homogeneous as in the rest of the eggshell. These transformations seem to be unrelated to sperm entry.

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Lin, Chun-Jung, and David E. Smith. "Glycylsarcosine uptake in rabbit renal brush border membrane vesicles isolated from outer cortex or outer medulla: Evidence for heterogeneous distribution of oligopeptide transporters." AAPS PharmSci 1, no. 2 (June 1999): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1208/ps010201.

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Aranjuez, George, Ashley Burtscher, Ketki Sawant, Pralay Majumder, and Jocelyn A. McDonald. "Dynamic myosin activation promotes collective morphology and migration by locally balancing oppositional forces from surrounding tissue." Molecular Biology of the Cell 27, no. 12 (June 15, 2016): 1898–910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e15-10-0744.

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Migrating cells need to overcome physical constraints from the local microenvironment to navigate their way through tissues. Cells that move collectively have the additional challenge of negotiating complex environments in vivo while maintaining cohesion of the group as a whole. The mechanisms by which collectives maintain a migratory morphology while resisting physical constraints from the surrounding tissue are poorly understood. Drosophila border cells represent a genetic model of collective migration within a cell-dense tissue. Border cells move as a cohesive group of 6−10 cells, traversing a network of large germ line–derived nurse cells within the ovary. Here we show that the border cell cluster is compact and round throughout their entire migration, a shape that is maintained despite the mechanical pressure imposed by the surrounding nurse cells. Nonmuscle myosin II (Myo-II) activity at the cluster periphery becomes elevated in response to increased constriction by nurse cells. Furthermore, the distinctive border cell collective morphology requires highly dynamic and localized enrichment of Myo-II. Thus, activated Myo-II promotes cortical tension at the outer edge of the migrating border cell cluster to resist compressive forces from nurse cells. We propose that dynamic actomyosin tension at the periphery of collectives facilitates their movement through restrictive tissues.

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Nakasone, Noboru, and Masaaki Iwanaga. "Characterization of Outer Membrane Protein OmpU of Vibrio cholerae O1." Infection and Immunity 66, no. 10 (October 1, 1998): 4726–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.66.10.4726-4728.1998.

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ABSTRACT The outer membrane protein OmpU of Vibrio cholerae O1 strain 86B3 was characterized with reference to colonization of the intestine by the organism. The purified OmpU exhibited a pI of 3.6. Upon sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, it migrated to 38, 32, and 110 kDa when the sample was heated at 100°C for 2 min, 50°C for 15 min, and room temperature for 30 min, respectively. The purified OmpU was not hemagglutinative. Anti-OmpU serum did not agglutinate strain 86B3 or other V. cholerae organisms. OmpU adhered to the brush border of the rabbit small intestine; adhesion of the organisms to the intestine treated in advance with OmpU was not inhibited. Treating the organisms in advance with anti-OmpU Fab did not inhibit adhesion to the intestine. These results obtained in vitro suggest that OmpU is not involved in the adhesion of V. cholerae to the intestinal epithelium.

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Walker, J. J., T. S. Yan, and G. A. Quamme. "Presence of multiple sodium-dependent phosphate transport processes in proximal brush-border membrane." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 252, no. 2 (February 1, 1987): F226—F231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1987.252.2.f226.

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Renal brush-border membrane phosphate transport was studied in early and late segments of the pig proximal tubule. Vesicles were prepared from early proximal tubules (outer cortical tissue) and late proximal tubules (outer medullary tissue). Sodium-dependent phosphate uptake into brush-border membrane vesicles was determined using voltage clamp at 5-6 s, 21 degrees C. Sodium-dependent D-glucose uptake was determined to verify the cortical and medullary tissue cuts. At pH 8.0 (pHi = pHo), two sodium-dependent phosphate transport systems were evident in the early proximal tubule: a high-affinity system [Km, 0.06 +/- 0.01 mM; maximal transport activity (Vmax), 3.6 +/- 1.1 nmol X mg protein-1 X min-1] and a low-affinity system (Km, 4.11 +/- 0.02 mM; Vmax, 9.7 +/- 0.7 nmol X mg protein-1 X min-1). In the late proximal tubule at pH 8.0, only a single high-affinity transport process (Km, 0.19 +/- 0.7 mM; Vmax, 3.4 +/- 0.5 nmol X mg protein-1 X min-1) was evident. D-Glucose kinetics at pH 7.0 revealed both a high-affinity (Km, 0.55 +/- 0.09 mM) and a low-affinity (Km, 20.09 +/- 1.39 mM) system in the early proximal segment and a single high-affinity (Km, 1.27 +/- 0.36 mM) process in the late segment. These data suggest that two systems, distinct in their affinities and capacities, are involved in both D-glucose and phosphate transport across the brush-border membrane of the early proximal tubule, but that only a single high-affinity system is present in the late segment.

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32

Kilhams, Ben, Lauren Chedburn, Nick Schofield, Ingelin Løkling Lunde, Hollie Romain, David Jolley, and Christian Haug Eide. "The spatial distribution of igneous centres along the Norwegian Atlantic Margin (Møre and Vøring) and their relationship to magmatic plumbing systems." Journal of the Geological Society 178, no. 5 (February 19, 2021): jgs2020–192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jgs2020-192.

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A series of offshore intra-basinal igneous centres have been documented across the North Atlantic Igneous Province including the UK, Ireland and Greenland. However, inconsistent cross-border terminology implies that similar features are not present in the Norwegian offshore, which, in turns, leads to misperceptions of cross-border geological differences. This paper presents evidence for a series of Norwegian igneous centres and suggests a consistent non-genetic cross-border terminology. In the Møre Basin, several igneous centres sit close to the continent–ocean boundary (COB), which have previously been identified as seamounts and/or ‘outer highs’. To provide cross-border consistency these features are consolidated under umbrella terms: igneous centres or volcanic fissures. Further centres are probably present within the Møre Basin (east of the COB) where 3D seismic data were not available. In the Vøring Basin two new igneous centres, one intrusive and one extrusive, are identified within the continental domain. Additionally, a possible deep magmatic upwelling associated with the regionally significant T-Reflector is identified. These igneous centre end-members represent the complexity of the magmatic plumbing across the Norwegian margin. With further data it is likely that further igneous centres will be identified offshore mid-Norway.

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Nagel, W. "Origin of transport inhibition after omission of serosal sodium." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 252, no. 6 (June 1, 1987): C623—C629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1987.252.6.c623.

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The omission of sodium from the serosal incubation fluid in isolated frog skins inhibits transcellular Na transport. By the use of intracellular recording with microelectrodes, it has been demonstrated that this inhibition is associated with an increase of the basolateral membrane resistance, resulting in a depolarization of the short-circuited cells. This depolarization in turn accounts for the reduction of Na entry across the apical border. The resistance changes across the outer (apical) border are small in magnitude and unrelated to the inhibition of transcellular transport. The origin of the increase in basolateral membrane resistance, presumably due to decrease of K permeability, is unclear. These data do not support the hypothesis that intracellular Ca regulates the resistance of the apical and basolateral membranes.

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34

Wootton, William. "Another Alexander mosaic: reconstructing the Hunt mosaic from Palermo." Journal of Roman Archaeology 15 (2002): 264–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047759400013957.

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In 1904, a mosaic representing a hunt scene was found in House B in the Piazza della Vittoria in the centre of modern Palermo. The results of the excavations were published in 1921 by E. Gabriel. In 1931 H. Fuhrmann included an analysis and reconstruction of the mosaic in his book on the painter Philoxenos of Eretria. Work on both the context of the house and the mosaic has continued, confirming that House B was a richly-decorated Hellenistic house situated close to the E wall of the old town of Panormus. In this article I will re-assess Fuhrmann's reconstruction and subsequent interpretations. After describing the mosaic in detail, I will present and explain a new reconstruction.The Hunt mosaic was found set centrally in a large room (r) to the north of the peristyle (figs. 1 and 6). The main picture of the mosaic (205 × 174 cm) is framed by two bands, the inner black and the outer white. An intricate floral border comes next, then a band of white tesserae set at a 45° angle, and an outer frame consisting of two parallel black bands with a white one running through the middle. An adjusting border of white tesserae, also set at a 45° angle, runs up to the base of the walls.

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35

James, A. L., P. D. Pare, R. H. Moreno, and J. C. Hogg. "Quantitative measurement of smooth muscle shortening in isolated pig trachea." Journal of Applied Physiology 63, no. 4 (October 1, 1987): 1360–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1987.63.4.1360.

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Matched porcine tracheal rings were exposed to theophylline and increasing doses of carbachol in Krebs solution. Histological sections of each ring were traced and each of the following dimensions measured: the external perimeter (Pe) and external area (Ae) defined by the outer border of smooth muscle and inner surface of cartilage, and the internal perimeter (Pi) and internal area (Ai) defined by the luminal surface of the epithelium and the muscle length (L) along its outer border. Absolute wall area (WA = Ae - Ai) and relative wall area (PW = WA/Ae) were calculated. Carbachol-treated tracheal ring dimensions were compared with those of their matched theophylline-treated rings. In tracheal rings with intact cartilage, maximal smooth muscle shortening of 44% was achieved with 10(-2) M carbachol. In tracheal rings in which anterior and posterior segments of cartilage were excised, the trachealis muscle passively shortened by 20% and maximal shortening (10(-3) M carbachol) was 57%. Although Ai decreased with maximal smooth muscle shortening, there were no changes in the length of Pi or in WA. These data show that the cartilage in the porcine trachea exerts both a preload that passively stretches the trachealis muscle and an afterload that limits maximal smooth muscle shortening.

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WILLIAMS, T. C., and S. M. JARVIS. "Na+-dependent purine and pyrimidine nucleoside transporters in bovine outer renal cortex brush-border-membrane vesicles." Biochemical Society Transactions 18, no. 4 (August 1, 1990): 684–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0180684.

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37

Tipyakov, V. V. "CANCER VULVAE." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 6, no. 10 (August 27, 2020): 940–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd610940-942.

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Occurs infrequently, according to L. Mayer's statistics on 35-40 cancerous lesions of the uterus, 1 malignant neoplasm of the outer parts of the female genital apparatus. Cancroid comes across more often; Mayer had a cancroid out of 9 cases - 6 times. The place of development and often serves as a large lip, at the bottom of the border, where the skin becomes mucous. Rokitanski once found the origin of the clitoris.

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38

Karalevich, Uladzimir V., and Dmitrij G. Medvedev. "The influence of the length of heat sources on the external border on the temperature distribution in profiled polar-orthotropic ring plates taking into account there heat exchange with the external environment." Journal of the Belarusian State University. Mathematics and Informatics, no. 3 (December 8, 2020): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.33581/2520-6508-2020-3-86-91.

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We study the influence of N extended heat sources at external boundaries on the nonaxisymmetric temperature distribution on profiled polar-orthotropic ring plates and take into account heat exchange with the external environment. The solution of the stationary heat conduction problem for anisotropic annular plates of a random profile is resolved through the solution of the corresponding Volterra integral equation of the second kind. The formula of a temperature calculations in anisotropic annular plates of an random profile is given. The exact solution of stationary heat conductivity problem for a reverse conical polar-orthotropic ring plate is recorded. The temperature distribution in such anisotropic plate from N extended heat sources at its outer border is more complex than in the case of temperature distribution from N point heat sources at their external border.

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39

Gerasimov, Dmitriy Vladimirovitch, and Margarita Alekseevna Kholkina. "Formation of social-cultural units in the Gulf of Finland region in changing Early and Middle Holocene environment." Samara Journal of Science 6, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201763215.

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Stone Age archaeological material from the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland region are evident of presence here a stable border between cultural areas from the Late Mesolithic till the end of Neolithic. Differences between those areas are mostly become apparent in the certain categories of archaeological finds - first of all in pottery (Sperrings, Narva and Late Neolithic types) as well as in decorations and mobile art. The border survives through millennia though sufficient cultural transformations in material culture developed during that time in the region. The border could arise in the Late Mesolithic, in the 7th - middle of the 6th ca. BC. Hypothetically its arising could be related to appearance of new people in the region, and possibly with the 8200 cal. BP climatic event. The border is visible in archaeological material till the mass migration of the Corded Ware culture people in the region about the turn of 4th and 3d ca. BC. The phenomenon of the Typical Combed Ware culture that existed in the region from the end of 5th till the second half of the 4th ca. BC probably was not related to the new people coming but can reflect integration of the aborigine population in response to some outer (socio-cultural?) factors.

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40

Katsman, A., Anton Gorny, D. Shepelev, and Menachem Bamberger. "Evolution of Precipitate Depleted Zones in Mg-Based Alloys Strengthened by Precipitation Hardening." Defect and Diffusion Forum 289-292 (April 2009): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.289-292.153.

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Extensive research work has been devoted to Mg-based alloys strengthened by precipitation hardening. Increasing the aging time leads to the appearance of zones depleted of precipitates near grain boundaries. The formation of precipitate depleted zones (PDZ's) is explained by near-grain boundary (NGB) coarsening. The evolution of PDZ's was considered on the basis of the model taking into account diffusional fluxes between adjacent precipitates. The set of equations was solved numerically by using a fourth-order Runge-Kutta method for different initial sizes of precipitates and densities of precipitate layers near grain boundaries. The dissolution of precipitates in the NGB-zones is initially provided by diffusion from them to large precipitates at the grain boundary, and then also by diffusion from these decreased precipitates to the larger precipitates at the outer border of the PDZ. As a result, the outer borders of the depleted zones are adjoined by bands of enlarged precipitates forming a PDZ "crust". Being a diffusion controlled process, the depleted zones are widened with temperature and aging time. Experimental investigation of PDZ evolution was conducted by SEM and TEM on Mg-Zn-Sn-alloys aged at different temperatures for different times. Comparison of the calculated results with experimental data allowed the evaluation of the model parameters and physical parameters of the system (diffusion coefficients and interface energy of the precipitated phases).

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Williams, T. C., A. J. Doherty, D. A. Griffith, and S. M. Jarvis. "Characterization of sodium-dependent and sodium-independent nucleoside transport systems in rabbit brush-border and basolateral plasma-membrane vesicles from the renal outer cortex." Biochemical Journal 264, no. 1 (November 15, 1989): 223–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2640223.

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The transport of uridine into rabbit renal outer-cortical brush-border and basolateral membrane vesicles was compared at 22 degrees C. Uridine was taken up into an osmotically active space in the absence of metabolism for both types of membrane vesicles. Uridine influx by brush-border membrane vesicles was stimulated by Na+, and in the presence of inwardly directed gradients of Na+ a transient overshoot phenomenon was observed, indicating active transport. Kinetic analysis of the saturable Na+-dependent component of uridine flux indicated that it was consistent with Michaelis-Menten kinetics (Km 12 +/- 3 microM, Vmax. 3.9 +/- 0.9 pmol/s per mg of protein). The sodium:uridine coupling stoichiometry was found to be consistent with 1:1 and involved the net transfer of positive charge. In contrast, uridine influx by basolateral membrane vesicles was not dependent on the cation present and was inhibited by nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBMPR). NBMPR-sensitive uridine transport was saturable (Km 137 +/- 20 microM, Vmax. 5.2 +/- 0.6 pmol/s per mg of protein). Inhibition of uridine flux by NBMPR was associated with high-affinity binding of NBMPR to the basolateral membrane (Kd 0.74 +/- 0.46 nM). Binding of NBMPR to these sites was competitively blocked by adenosine and uridine. These results indicate that uridine crosses the brush-border surface of rabbit proximal renal tubule cells by Na+-dependent pathways, but permeates the basolateral surface by NBMPR-sensitive facilitated-diffusion carriers.

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SCHULZ, Ricardo Teles, Lizandra Castilho FABIO, Matheus Cavalcante FRANCO, Sheila A. SIQUEIRA, Paulo SAKAI, and Fauze MALUF-FILHO. "Predictive features for histology of gastric subepithelial lesions." Arquivos de Gastroenterologia 54, no. 1 (March 2017): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-2803.2017v54n1-02.

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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Gastric subepithelial lesion is a relatively common diagnosis after routine upper endoscopy. The diagnostic workup of an undetermined gastric subepithelial lesion should take into consideration clinical and endoscopic features. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the association between patients' characteristics, endoscopic and echographic features with the histologic diagnosis of the gastric subepithelial lesions. METHODS This is a retrospective study with 55 patients, who were consecutively diagnosed with gastric subepithelial lesions, from October 2008 to August 2011. Patients' characteristics, endoscopic and echografic features of each gastric subepithelial lesion were analysed. Histologic diagnosis provided by EUS-guided fine needle aspiration or endoscopic/surgical resection was used as gold standard. RESULTS The probability of gastrointestinal stromal tumors to be located in the cardia was low (4.5%), while for leiomyoma it was high (>95%). In addition, there was a higher risk of gastrointestinal stromal tumors in patients older than 57 years (OR 8.9; 95% CI), with lesions ≥21 mm (OR 7.15; 95% CI), located at 4th layer (OR 18.8; 95% CI), with positive Doppler sign (OR 9; 95% CI), and irregular outer border (OR 7.75; 95% CI). CONCLUSION The location of gastric subepithelial lesions in the gastric cardia lowers the risk of gastrointestinal stromal tumors. While gastric subepithelial lesions occurring in elderly patients, located in the gastric body, with positive Doppler signal and irregular outer border increase the risk of gastrointestinal stromal tumors.

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43

Delben, ACB, M. Cannon, AEM Vieira, MD Basso, M. Danelon, MRE Santo, SR Stock, X. Xiao, and F. De Carlo. "Analysis of Anticaries Potential of Pit and Fissures Sealants Containing Amorphous Calcium Phosphate Using Synchrotron Microtomography." Operative Dentistry 40, no. 2 (March 1, 2015): 218–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/13-325-l.

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SUMMARY The aim of this study was to analyze the anticaries potential of pit and fissure sealants containing amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) by synchrotron microtomography. Bovine enamel blocks (4×4 mm; n=50) were selected through surface hardness (Knoop) analysis. Slabs were obtained through cross-sections taken 1 mm from the border of the enamel. Five indentations, spaced 100 μm apart, were made 300 μm from the border. Ten specimens were prepared for each tested material (Ultraseal XT plus TM, Aegis, Embrace, Vitremer and Experimental Sealant). The materials were randomly attached to the sectioned surfaces of the enamel blocks and fixed with sticky wax. The specimens were submitted to pH cycling. After that, the surface hardness (SH1) was determined, and the blocks were submitted to synchrotron microcomputed tomography analysis to calculate the mineral concentration (ΔgHAp cm−3) at different areas of the enamel. The comparison between the SH1 and ΔgHAp cm−3 showed a correlation for all groups (r=0.840; p<0.001). The fluoride groups presented positive values of ΔgHAp cm−3, indicating a mineral gain that was observed mainly in the outer part of the enamel. The ACP showed mineral loss in the outer enamel compared with fluoride groups, although it inhibited the demineralization in the deeper areas of enamel. The combination of two remineralizing agents (fluoride and ACP) was highly effective in preventing demineralization.

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ANDRONOV, VLADIMIR N., and KSENIA N. KOSOBOKOVA. "New species of small, bathypelagic calanoid copepods from the Arctic Ocean: Brodskius arcticus sp. nov. (Tharybidae) and three new species of Pertsovius gen. nov. (Discoidae)." Zootaxa 2809, no. 1 (April 5, 2011): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2809.1.3.

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A new calanoid copepod species, Brodskius arcticus sp. nov. (family Tharybidae Sars, 1902), and three new species of a new genus Pertsovius gen. nov. (family Discoidae Gordejeva, 1975) are described from deep waters of the Arctic Canada Basin. The female of Brodskius arcticus differs from five of the other six known species of this genus in the absence of rostral filaments, the lack of which it shares with B. abyssalis Markhaseva & Schulz, 2007. This new species differs from B. abyssalis in having two very short outer proximal spines at the distal segment of the fifth swimming legs (P5). The length of these spines is less than half the width of the segment, whereas in B. abyssalis they are longer than the width of the segment. The new genus Pertsovius is created here for a group of seven species within the family Discoidae which have one-segmented endopods of Р 2-Р4. In contrast, the other genera of this family have three-segmented endopods of Р 2-Р4. The three new species of Pertsovius differ from each other in the appearance of the genital field, and in the number of outer border spines on the distal exopodal segment of P2. In Pertsovius tridentatus sp. nov. this segment bears three external spines on both left and right P2. The left Р 2 of P. heterodentatus sp. nov. has three spines, while the right Р 2 bears two spines only. The distal segments of both left and right Р 2 of P. serratus sp. nov. have two external spines, but the proximal part of the external margin on the left Р 2 bears three relatively large denticles. The distal exopodal segments of Р 2 of the other four species here transferred to the genus Pertsovius are smooth with no external spines or denticles, but each bears two outer border spines.

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45

Sutrisnawati, Ni Nyoman Dwi, Dumilah Ayuningtyas, and Indriya Purnamasari. "Motivation of Strategic Health Workers to Work in Remote, Border, and Outer Island Areas (RBOIA) of Indonesia." KnE Life Sciences 4, no. 1 (January 11, 2018): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kls.v4i1.1385.

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46

Wu, Yun Fang, and Yan Yan Sun. "Influence of Reinforcement on Temperature and Stress of Hollow Pier." Advanced Materials Research 446-449 (January 2012): 1319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.446-449.1319.

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This paper put circular hollow bridge pier under cold wave as an example. Based on solid heat conduction principle, we selected its border and initialized condition according with actual circumstance. Combining solid heat conduction differential equation and generalized hooke’s law which takes temperature stress into account, we have calculated the temperature and stress of concrete piers with different reinforcement ratio by ANSYS finite element software. These results indicate that the longitudinal bars and horizontal ring stirrups in concrete circular hollow pier under cold wave will increase its outer surface temperature tensile stress. Namely the reinforcements in concrete circular hollow pier not only do not prevent its outer surface cracks under the action of cold wave, but will also promote the surface cracks to produce faster. Therein, the contribution of horizontal ring stirrups to the surface cracks is greater than the longitudinal bars.

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Lucky Viasari and Prima Jiwa Osly. "ANALISIS GARIS SEMPADAN BANGUNAN (STUDI KASUS JALAN RAYA PAJAJARAN KOTA BOGOR)." Jurnal Infrastruktur 3, no. 2 (October 1, 2017): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.35814/infrastruktur.v3i2.707.

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The development of the economic growth in Bogor increasing bring an impact for fulfillment will land and buildings in order to meet the activity of urban especially on highway Pajajaran Bogor which is found in the city center that will affect the spatial plans at every building and cause nonconformity border lines building particularly in the face of a building with local regulation applicable. Besides reducing aesthetic, it could also disrupt and endanger road users who will pass. This research is to analysis of border lines on buildings bylaws are being enacted. Data processing was done using software to ease in building determination of the limits of any buildings and the outer boundary of the road where next will be used to calculate long border lines building in every existing building and analyzed with local regulation applicable. The final result obtained that all building at case studies not according to rule regional government where the average building that violate is 14 % or by ± 16 yards from the middle of the road. Judging from the number of offense the authors provide recommendations that the existing changes in existing Regional Regulations in accordance with applicable policies.

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den Outer, R. W., and W. L. H. van Veenendaal. "Development of Included Phloem in the Stem of Combretum Nigricans (Combretaceae)." IAWA Journal 16, no. 2 (1995): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90001401.

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The development of diffuse included phloem strands in Combretum nigricans sterns is described, During a short period of time, a small phloem strand is cut off locally in an inward direction by an otherwise normal bidirectional vascular cambium. This contrasts with previous descriptions and interpretations because these strands are not formed after redifferentiation of secondary xylem parenchyma. A complementary cambium formed at the inner border of the young strand somewhat enlarges the strand and, during a relatively long period, produces secondary phloem outwards. Finally this complementary cambium stops functioning as a cambium and merges with the secondary phloem it has produced. Radial rows of cells are present within the included phloem strands which continue into the later-formed secondary xylem; rays transverse the strands. Crushing of the phloem takes place near the outer border of the strand, forming cap-like tissues of disorganized cells.

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Rahmadi, Puji. "Vulnerability Index Analysis of Bepondi Island as a Reference for Small and Outer Islands Management in Indonesian." E3S Web of Conferences 147 (2020): 02001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202014702001.

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Indonesia is an archipelagic country with many small islands as the outer border of the territory. Special attention and development programs are important due to it relates to the improvement of public welfare and national sovereignty. Therefore, the vulnerability study for small and outer islands is urgently conducted as an initial step for regional development programs. This study aims to analyze the vulnerability level of Bepondi Island, West Papua from various threats either directly from nature by biologically, geologically, climate change effect, or anthropological and social-economic. To determine the small and outer island’s vulnerability, composite vulnerability index (CVI) has been applied. Several ecological indexes have been composited were coastal index (CI), Isolation Index (II), Land-used degradation index (LDI), Ecosystem degradation index, and Sea Level Rise Index (SLRI). The results showed that Bepondi Island has CVI calculated for 0.47, which means the island was exposed to medium-high vulnerability. This was caused by the threat from abrasion, potential landslide, and isolation. On the other hand, this island has a fairly high fishery potential. Therefore, mitigation plans to cope with disasters were urgently needed and communication infrastructures must be promptly built as a countermeasure for the island’s isolation problem.

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Li, Yung-Hui, Wenny Ramadha Putri, Muhammad Saqlain Aslam, and Ching-Chun Chang. "Robust Iris Segmentation Algorithm in Non-Cooperative Environments Using Interleaved Residual U-Net." Sensors 21, no. 4 (February 18, 2021): 1434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041434.

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Abstract:

Iris segmentation plays an important and significant role in the iris recognition system. The prerequisite for accurate iris recognition is the correctness of iris segmentation. However, the efficiency and robustness of traditional iris segmentation methods are severely challenged in a non-cooperative environment because of unfavorable factors, for instance, occlusion, blur, low resolution, off-axis, motion, and specular reflections. All of the above factors seriously reduce the accuracy of iris segmentation. In this paper, we present a novel iris segmentation algorithm that localizes the outer and inner boundaries of the iris image. We propose a neural network model called “Interleaved Residual U-Net” (IRUNet) for semantic segmentation and iris mask synthesis. The K-means clustering is applied to select saliency points set in order to recover the outer boundary of the iris, whereas the inner border is recovered by selecting another set of saliency points on the inner side of the mask. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed iris segmentation algorithm can achieve the mean IOU value of 98.9% and 97.7% for inner and outer boundary estimation, respectively, which outperforms the existing approaches on the challenging CASIA-Iris-Thousand database.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Outer border'

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