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Journal articles on the topic 'Outlaws Motorcycle Club'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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Piano, Ennio E. "Outlaw and economics: Biker gangs and club goods." Rationality and Society 30, no. 3 (December 4, 2017): 350–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043463117743242.

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Today, outlaw motorcycle gangs are best known for their involvement in an international criminal network dealing in narcotics, human trafficking, and arms smuggling. Law enforcement agencies in three continents have identified groups like the Hells Angels Motorcycle Club, the Outlaws Motorcycle Club, and the Bandidos Motorcycle Club as a major threat to public safety. Before their descent into organized crime, outlaw bikers captured the imagination of the American public due to their peculiar look and outrageous behavior. They dressed in dirty sleeveless leather jackets and Nazi paraphernalia, their arms covered in tattoos of Nazi and White-supremacist symbolism. They drove highly customized, loud, and heavy American bikes—almost always Harley-Davidsons—and despised Japanese vehicles. They were notorious for their erratic behavior, in particular, the propensity to use violence in an idiosyncratic way when interacting with non-bikers and the public display of nudity and sexual practices. Unlike standard treatments of outlaw bikers, which draw from criminology, sociology, and psychology, I propose an explanation for these seemingly irrational and certainly odd practices rooted on the economic approach. Following the literature on the economic theory of religious sects, I argue that these odd practices served as effective obstacles to the ability of outlaw bikers to free ride on the club goods provided by these organizations.

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Rahman, Mohammed, and Adam Lynes. "Ride to die: masculine honour and collective identity in the motorcycle underworld." Journal of Criminological Research, Policy and Practice 4, no. 4 (December 3, 2018): 238–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcrpp-05-2018-0017.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss the nature and extent of violent practice in the motorcycle underworld. It does this by considering the murder of Gerry Tobin, and then uses the biography of the founding member of the Hell’s Angels motorcycle club (HAMC) for a critical analysis. The authors are interested in understanding the role of masculine honour and collective identity, and its influences in relation to violence – namely, fatal violence in the motorcycle underworld. The authors argue that motorcycle gangs are extreme examples of what Hall (2012) considers “criminal undertakers” – individuals who take “special liberties” often as a last resort. Design/methodology/approach The methodological approach seeks to analyse the paradigm of “masculine honour”, and how the Outlaws MC (OMC) applied this notion when executing the seemingly senseless murder of Gerry Tobin. So too, the author triangulate these findings by critically analysing the biography of the founding member of the Californian chapter of the HAMC – Sonny Barger. Further to this, a case study inevitably offers “constraints and opportunities” (Easton, 2010, p. 119). Through the process of triangulation, which is a method that utilises “multiple sources of data”, the researcher can be confident that the truth is being “conveyed as truthfully as possible” (Merriam, 1995, p. 54). Findings What is clear within the OB worldview is that it can only be a male dominant ideology, with no allowance for female interference (Wolf, 2008). Thus, Messerschmidt’s (1993) notion of “hegemonic masculinity” fits the male dominated subcultures of the HAMC and OMC, which therefore provides the clubs with “exclusive” masculine identities (Wolf, 2008). For organisations like the HAMC, retaliation is perceived as an alternative form of criminal justice that is compulsory to undertake in order to defend their status of honour and masculinity. Originality/value Based on our understanding, this is the first critical think piece that explores a UK case of homicide within the context of the motorcycle underworld. It also provides a comprehensive understanding of violent practice with the motorcycle underworld from criminological and sociological perspectives. This paper will inform readers about an overlooked and under researched underworld culture.

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Lampe, Klaus von, and Arjan Blokland. "Outlaw Motorcycle Clubs and Organized Crime." Crime and Justice 49 (July 2020): 521–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/708926.

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Bjørgo, Tore. "Preventing organised crime originating from outlaw motorcycle clubs." Trends in Organized Crime 22, no. 1 (October 30, 2017): 84–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12117-017-9322-7.

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Burzyńska, Katarzyna. "Bad Boys Meet the Swan of Avon: A Re-Visioning of Hamlet in Sons of Anarchy." Studia Anglica Posnaniensia 52, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 269–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/stap-2017-0010.

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Abstract This article investigates the intersections between Shakespeare’s Hamlet and a popular TV series Sons of Anarchy (SOA), loosely based on the Shakespearean original. The crime drama series revolves around an outlaw motorcycle club that literally “rules” a fictional town in California like an old royal family with its own brutal dynastic power squabbles and dark family secrets. The club is governed by an unscrupulous President Clay and an equally violent, though more conflicted, Vice President Jax Teller, the son of the late President, who had died in mysterious circumstances. In the article I argue that the popularity of the series lies not in its graphic scenes of violence, over-the-top Harley chases, and sex intrigues, but rather in its Shakespearean and Renaissance structure. SOA, dubbed as “Hamlet on Harleys”1, is an appropriation rather than an adaptation of Shakespeare’s tragedy, which makes it a truly transmedial phenomenon. The article investigates a fascinating blend of seemingly marginal elements of modern American culture and the canonical British tragedy. It also addresses the connections between the lifestyles of the so called outlaw MC clubs and the early modern family structure as presented in Hamlet, focusing on the issues of power and gender relations.

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Quinn, James F. "Sex roles and hedonism among members of “outlaw” motorcycle clubs." Deviant Behavior 8, no. 1 (January 1987): 47–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01639625.1987.9967731.

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Bullock, Katherine. "Editorial." American Journal of Islam and Society 23, no. 2 (April 1, 2006): i—iv. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v23i2.1617.

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The “war on terror” has become one of those discursive moral high groundsthat, in reality, serve as a smokescreen to conceal the imperial ambitions of apolitical elite. While the corporate media generally supports this elite by(mis)informing the general public about the war’s “progress,” more pertinentthreats fail to attract the same kind of political attention (and general handwringing) associated with the “green menace.” I could be referring to globalwarming, which some scientists consider one of the greatest threats to humanlife, or to the spread of such deadly diseases as the H1V avian flu virus.Actually, I am referring to organized crime and its links to biker gangs.On 8 April 2006, the worst mass murder in recent Ontario historyoccurred near Shedden, a small southwestern town where the bodies of eightmen were found in a local farmer’s field. Police arrested five people, includinga Bandido motorcycle club member. The killings were club related, as thevictims were members or associate members of the club. The Bandidos are a“outlaw” biker motorcycle club, held to represent that 1 percent who engagein criminal activity. As is usually the case, this minority wreaks havoc by itsmembers’ involvement in car/motorcycle theft, drugs, prostitution, gun trafficking,and similar criminal activities. They also contribute to gun-relateddeaths and maimings, drug addiction, and theft.Given this reality, biker gang-related activities are of grave concern tocommunity health and safety. And yet the West’s public venom is mostly preservedfor Muslims, most of whom are peace-loving people seeking to livequiet productive lives in safe neighborhoods. It is this overarching discourseof the supposedly “evil” scourge of Muslims against the backdrop of themore tangible, long-term, and widespread threats of organized crime that isworrying on at least two fronts. First, its demonization of Muslims makestheir lives in the West an increasingly problematic experience and, second, itfocuses the public’s attention on an abstract threat (“terror”) while divertingattention from more tangible (if intractable) threats, thereby allowing theUnited States’ neoconservative imperial ambitions to proceed.Maligning Muslims and Islam is reaching a dangerous level of acceptabilityin the United States and elsewhere in the West, even at the level ofpolitical discourse, and is buttressed by a largely supportive general public.The result: no-fly lists, racial profiling, and the jailing and torture of Muslims ...

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Schmid, Christian Johann. "Ethnographic Gameness: Theorizing Extra-methodological Fieldwork Practices in a Study of Outlaw Motorcycle Clubs." Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 50, no. 1 (October 17, 2020): 33–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891241620964945.

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This article theorizes the fieldwork experiences that I gained while studying outlaw biker subculture. Drawing on Bourdieu’s practice theory and Goffman’s dramaturgical interactionism, I argue that ethnography in practice is pre-disposed by the ethnographer’s primary habitus, which shapes symbolic interaction. To substantiate this claim, I disclose my own upbringing in a troubled working-class family and my personal ties with outlaw bikers, both prior to and beyond my research. This article then illustrates how my habitus helped me to compensate for the vagueness of ethnography in theory with regard to three recurrent issues of fieldwork, which are the practices of (1) approaching/entering the field, (2) negotiating participation, and (3) managing (un)fortunate circumstances. After reflecting on my cleft habitus as the buddy and/or researcher in ethnographic practice, this article concludes with the metaphor of gameness. This concept, which is borrowed from early prize fighting, is used to outline and label the ideal-type of the ethnographer who is well-suited for the immersion into deviant, criminalized, or otherwise culturally elitist fields.

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Quinn, James F. "angels, bandidos, outlaws, and pagans: the evolution of organized crime among the big four 1% motorcycle clubs." Deviant Behavior 22, no. 4 (July 2001): 379–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/016396201750267870.

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Ballard, Linda M. "“These Youngsters Change All These Traditions”1: A Perspective on “Outlaw” Motorcycle Clubs in Ireland." Folklore 108, no. 1-2 (January 1997): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0015587x.1997.9715945.

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Blokland, Arjan, Wouter Van Der Leest, and Melvin Soudijn. "Officially Registered Criminal Careers of Members of Dutch Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs and Their Support Clubs." Deviant Behavior 41, no. 11 (May 24, 2019): 1393–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2019.1619422.

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Kuldova, Tereza. "Imposter Paranoia in the Age of Intelligent Surveillance." Journal of Extreme Anthropology 4, no. 1 (March 8, 2020): 45–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/jea.7813.

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Artificial intelligence, deep learning and big data analytics are viewed as the technologies of the future, capable of delivering expert intelligence decisions, risk assessments and predictions within milliseconds. In a world of fakes, they promise to deliver ‘hard facts’ and data-driven ‘truth’, but their solutions resurrect ideologies of purity, embrace bogus science reminiscent of the likes of anthropometry, and create a deeply paranoid world where the Other is increasingly perceived either as a threat or as a potential imposter, or both. Social sorting in the age of intelligent surveillance acquires a whole new meaning. This article explores the possible effects of algorithmic governance on society through a critical analysis of the figure of the imposter in the age of intelligent surveillance. It links a critical analysis of new technologies of surveillance, policing and border control, to the extreme ethnographic example of paranoia within outlaw motorcycle clubs – organizations that are heavily targeted by new and old modes of policing and surveillance, while themselves increasingly embracing the very same logic and technologies themselves. With profound consequences. The article shows how in the quest for power, order, profit, and control, we are sacrificing critical reason and risk becoming as a society not unlike the paranoid criminal organizations.

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Klement, Christian, and Arjan Blokland. "Preventing outlaw biker crime in the Netherlands or just changing the dark figure? Estimating the impact of the Dutch whole-of-government approach on outlaw biker crime using interrupted time series analysis." European Journal of Criminology, August 7, 2021, 147737082110248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14773708211024845.

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Confronted with growing public concern about violence and other serious crime committed by outlaw motorcycle clubs, in 2012 the Dutch government launched a whole-of-government approach to discourage club membership and organized criminal behaviour. The whole-of-government approach included a zero tolerance policy towards crimes committed by outlaw bikers and increased law enforcement and prosecutorial attention towards members of outlaw motorcycle groups (OMCG members) and their support clubs. In this study, we estimate the effects of the whole-of-government approach on the level of prosecutorial charges levied against the Dutch biker population. We do so by applying (quasi-experimental) interrupted time series analysis to the conviction data available on 1617 Dutch OMCG members and 473 support club members in four recorded crime categories: overall crime, violent crime, organized crime and traffic offences. Although caveats remain, results indicate that the whole-of-government approach has a causal effect on the criminal involvement of OMCG and support club members, but that the nature of this effect depends on the type of crime and the subsample in question. Overall crime in the total sample seems unaffected by the approach, whereas organized crime committed by OMCG members is shown to decrease. We discuss whether the patterns observed are due to behavioural changes in OMCG and support club members, or whether they result from changes in police practices and, consequently, a changing dark figure of crime. We conclude our article with some reflections on future research.

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Melcher, Graeme. "Blue Collar Brawlers and Harley Vagabonds: Masculinity in the Tavern and on the Road." Inquiry@Queen's Undergraduate Research Conference Proceedings, February 5, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/iqurcp.9051.

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Outlaw motorcycle clubs, such as the Hells Angels, provide a modern interpretation of male working-class culture. Most notably, 19th century working-class taverns and fraternal orders can be seen as forerunners to the culture of outlaw motorcycle clubs, or ‘bikers.’ Within the confines of these spaces, men were able not only to learn male behaviour from others, but to reinforce their own masculinity through ritualized acts, such as drinking, singing, and fighting, resulting in an earned image for the culture and the space as one of violence, filth, and danger to those outside of the culture. This cultural reputation has carried over into the modern context of bikers. Originally formed to provide an adventurous outlet to, predominantly, young white men, biker culture has now become a complex and powerful subculture and image. Where early tavern culture was practiced largely in private, biker culture is defined and practiced in the public space, reinforcing its own reputation and image in the process. Despite, or perhaps because, of this public image, bikers have become deeply rooted in our collective subconscious, and represent, to some, a modern reinterpretation of the lone cowboy, making their own society in the face of all challenges. Bikers provide a modern examination of gendered spaces and masculinity. They have an element of danger and homosocial activities that make them particularly appealing to men looking for a masculine identity within a culture that they otherwise found less than welcoming – and which, in turn, did not welcome them.

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van Deuren, Sjoukje, Edward Kleemans, and Arjan Blokland. "Outlaw motorcycle gangs and their members’ crime: Examining the social organization of crime and its relationship to formal club hierarchy." European Journal of Criminology, December 23, 2020, 147737082098044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477370820980440.

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In recent years, many European countries have taken far-reaching measures to combat the criminal activities of outlaw motorcycle gangs (OMCGs). Meanwhile, empirical research into the ways OMCGs are involved in and influence the crimes of their members is largely lacking. This study presents the main findings of research based on police files of cases that were filed against members of Dutch OMCGs. We apply a criminological scenario approach to analyse to what extent and in which ways OMCGs are involved in the crimes of their members. The results show that OMCG membership particularly plays an indirect role in the criminal behaviour of OMCG members. Board members, for example, give permission for criminal acts, regulate mutual relationships between members, non-members and rival OMCGs during conflict situations, and forbid (criminal) behaviour of members that is harmful to the OMCG. OMCGs function as a pool of co-offenders and as a market for criminal enterprises. Members also use the violent reputation of OMCGs in specific criminal activities. OMCGs are less frequently directly involved in crimes. Direct involvement of OMCGs is most apparent in organized inter-gang violence and violence against their own members.

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