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1
Abalkina, A., and K. Ivanova. "Expansion of Russian Banks outside Commonwealth of Independent States." World Economy and International Relations, no. 5 (2014): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2014-5-21-30.
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The article investigates the patterns of Russian banks’ export of direct investments. The authors provide estimations of the Russian banks’ expansion outside the CIS countries based on statistical data and expert calculations. We also map the geographical presence of Russian banks and analyze their entry modes on foreign markets. Our findings suggest that Russian banks’ subsidiaries outside the CIS countries act as financial intermediates between Russian and foreign markets, their role as intermediates on local financial markets is still poor.
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CHAN, MIN-LEE, CHO-MIN LIN, HSIN-YU LIANG, and MING-HUA CHEN. "DOES CEO INCENTIVE PAY IMPROVE BANK PERFORMANCE? A QUANTILE REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF U.S. COMMERCIAL BANKS." Annals of Financial Economics 09, no. 02 (2014): 1440005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010495214400053.
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The U.S. subprime crisis in 2008 have raised concerns about bank performance and the incentive pay of CEOs. Whether the CEO's incentive compensation improves bank performance deserves further investigation. This research studies the improvement in bank performance by examining the CEO incentive pay of 68 U.S. commercial banks from 1993 to 2005 using quantile regression (QR) analysis. The empirical evidence indicates that the relationship between bank performance and incentive pay does vary based on bank performance levels. Our results confirm that CEO incentive compensation improves the performance of high-performing banks and, at the same time, the accrued risks need to be taken into consideration and controlled through the efficient monitoring of outside directors. For low-performing banks, we find that outside directors have a significantly positive effect on performance regardless of whether such performance is adjusted or not adjusted. We suggest that banks with various performance levels require different mechanisms to enhance their performance. A "stick" approach consisting of efficient monitoring by outside directors may ensure that low-performing banks improve their performance improvements, whereas a "carrot" approach (i.e. CEO incentive pay) is appropriate for high-performing banks under risk controls and could also be accomplished through monitoring by outside directors.
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Huang, Chi-Jui. "Board, ownership and performance of banks with a dual board system: Evidence from Taiwan." Journal of Management & Organization 16, no. 2 (2010): 219–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1833367200002145.
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AbstractThe influence of corporate governance on a firm's performance has recently been studied in industrial enterprises in developed countries, but not in services such as banks with a dual board system in Asia's newly-industrialized economies (NIEs). This research examines the effects of board structure and ownership on a bank's performance using a sample of 41 commercial banks in an Asian NIE (Taiwan). Results showed that board size, numbers of outside directors, and family-owned shares are positively associated with bank performance, whereas the number of supervisory directors has a negative influence on performance. The findings provide empirical support for corporate governance, which improves the performance of banks with a dual board system in Taiwan.
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Huang, Chi-Jui. "Board, ownership and performance of banks with a dual board system: Evidence from Taiwan." Journal of Management & Organization 16, no. 2 (2010): 219–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/jmo.16.2.219.
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AbstractThe influence of corporate governance on a firm's performance has recently been studied in industrial enterprises in developed countries, but not in services such as banks with a dual board system in Asia's newly-industrialized economies (NIEs). This research examines the effects of board structure and ownership on a bank's performance using a sample of 41 commercial banks in an Asian NIE (Taiwan). Results showed that board size, numbers of outside directors, and family-owned shares are positively associated with bank performance, whereas the number of supervisory directors has a negative influence on performance. The findings provide empirical support for corporate governance, which improves the performance of banks with a dual board system in Taiwan.
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Li, Yan, Ruichang Lu, and Anand Srinivasan. "Relationship Bank Behavior during Borrower Distress." Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 54, no. 3 (2018): 1231–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022109018001084.
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This article provides a comprehensive examination of the time-series behavior of relationship banks around and during borrower distress. Relationship and outside loans have similar interest rates during distress and even 2 years prior to distress. Relative to outside loans in distress, relationship loans in distress have lower maturity. The fraction of bank lending given by relationship banks reduces during borrower distress. Overall, borrowers in distress do not derive benefits from relationship banks. These findings are inconsistent with models that suggest banks have an implicit commitment to help their borrowers in distress due to reputation concerns.
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Karimah, Anifatul, SS Dwiningwarni, H. Masyhadi, and Ali Muhajir. "ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN KINERJA KEUANGAN DENGAN METODE CAR ANTARA PT. BRI (Persero) Tbk DAN PT. BNI (Persero) Tbk YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI." eBA Journal: Journal Economics, Bussines and Accounting 4, no. 2 (2018): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.32492/eba.v4i2.616.
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Banks are financial institutions that play an important role in the economy of a country. Therefore, the existence of a healthy bank is very necessary. This study aims to compare the financial performance of Indonesian people's banks (BRI) and Indonesian state banks (BNI) based on financial ratio analysis listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2012-2016. The study uses the CAR (Capital Adequacy Ratio) method in which the ratio shows how far all bank assets that contain risks (credit, participation, securities, bills at other banks) are also financed from the bank's own capital funds in addition to obtaining funds from sources sources outside the bank, such as community funds, loans (debts), etc. ... The results of this study indicate that the CAR ratio in BRI is better than that of BNI banks. This proves that the CAR ratio and financial performance at BRI banks are better than BNI banks. Because it can manage capital as well as possible and accommodate the risk of loss. The results also show that BRI is better known to the lower middle class.
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Muhammad, Izzadin Nur, and Noven Suprayogi. "PENGARUH FAKTOR INTERNAL DAN EKSTERNAL BANK SYARIAH TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN INVESTASI SURAT BERHARGA BANK SYARIAH." Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Teori dan Terapan 6, no. 4 (2020): 672. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/vol6iss20194pp672-686.
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Investments of securities performed by Islamic banks in addition to a liquidity instrument in the bank that is as an investment instrument for banks to obtain operating income other than the channeling of funds through financing to customers. The Bank's securities investment is influenced by external and internal factors within the bank. External factors are factors that occur outside the bank, external factors can not be controlled by the management of sharia banks. Internal factors are factors that occur due to decisions and phenomena within the internal bank, internal factors can be controlled by banks through managerial processes. External factors faced by banks such as economic and monetary conditions such as inflation and interest rates, money market conditions (exchange rate), customer character, regulations and others. Internal factors rely heavily on bank management in managing every liquid instrument within the sharia bank itself, such as asset and liability management.Keywords: Sharia Bank, Investment, SBSN, Liquid Instruments
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Asuan, Asuan. "TRANSAKSI PERBANKAN MELALUI INTERNET BANKING." Solusi 17, no. 3 (2019): 317–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.36546/solusi.v17i3.220.
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Internet banking is one of the bank's services to customers to obtain information, communicate and conduct banking transactions through the internet network, the implementation of which customers already have a bank account, ATM and User ID and PIN to conduct banking transactions through internet banking based on article 1320 and 1338 Civil Code. Act Number 10 of 1998 concerning Banking in article 5 concerning types of banks, namely commercial banks and people's credit banks and article 40 regarding bank secrecy, including matters of banking transactions through internet banking and legal protection provided by banks regarding the confidentiality of customer data. Disputes on banking transactions through internet banking (banks and debtors) can be resolved by referring to agreements agreed upon by the parties, dispute resolution can be done through court (litigation) or outside the court (non-litigation) based on Law Number 30 of 1999 concerning Arbitration and Alternative Dispute Resolution in article 6 concerning general disputes that can be resolved through arbitration.
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van Loon, Eric, and Jakob de Haan. "Location of banks and their credit ratings." Journal of Risk Finance 16, no. 3 (2015): 220–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrf-11-2014-0161.
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Purpose – This paper aims to examine whether credit ratings of banks are related to their location, i.e. inside or outside the Euro Area. Design/methodology/approach – The authors estimate a multilevel ordered probit model for banks’ credit ratings in 2011 and control for bank-specific factors. They use the overall ratings and the external support ratings provided by Fitch as the dependent variable. Findings – Banks located in Euro Area member countries, on average, receive a higher credit rating from Fitch than banks located outside the Euro Area. Evidence for a “too-big-to-fail” and a “too-big-to-rescue” effect was also found. Research limitations/implications – The monetary union effect on banks’ credit ratings may be affected by the period under investigation. The ratings refer to August 2011, when the European sovereign debt crisis was at its height. This implies that, if anything, the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) effect is underestimated. Practical implications – Large banks in the Euro Area receive higher credit ratings, so they have a competitive advantage over small banks located outside the Euro Area. Social implications – The present evidence suggests that small European countries with an extensive banking sector will be better off if they are member of the European EMU. Originality/value – The relationship between location of banks and their credit ratings has hardly been researched before. The present evidence is directly related to a debate in the literature on this issue.
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Jaschek, C. "Standard Values and Information in Data Banks." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 111 (1985): 331–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s007418090007892x.
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This paper is an attempt to provide the background information necessary to find data outside of one's specialized field. The most important computer readable catalogs pertaining to the different stellar parameters are reviewed.
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ISIK, Ozcan, and Ali Riza INCE. "Board Size, Board Composition and Performance: An Investigation on Turkish Banks." International Business Research 9, no. 2 (2016): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v9n2p74.
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<p>We investigate the impact of board size and board composition on performance for a sample of 30 commercial banks from 2008 to 2012 in Turkey. We measure bank performance by two alternative measures widely used in the banking literature, i.e. operating return on assets (OROA) and return on assets (ROA). Controlling for bank size, credit risk, liquidity risk, net interest margin and non-interest income, the results of panel fixed effects regression suggest that board size has a significantly positive effect on bank’s financial performance. This means that Turkish commercial banks may improve their financial performance by increasing their board size. Our findings, however, show clearly that there is no significant relationship between board composition (ratio of outside directors on the board) and banks’ financial performance.</p>
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SEYFANG, GILL. "Working Outside the Box: Community Currencies, Time Banks and Social Inclusion." Journal of Social Policy 33, no. 1 (2004): 49–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279403007232.
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A conceptual framework is developed for analysing UK social policy with respect to work, employment, inclusion and income. A range of possibilities for ‘productive engagement in work’ (PEW) outside the home are identified, ranging from formal employment, through informal employment, working for local community currencies, to unpaid voluntary work, each attracting particular policy responses, according to the hegemonic discourse of social exclusion, namely a liberal individualistic model which sees insertion into the labour market as the solution to exclusion. A new initiative is examined which is increasingly being adopted by local authorities in their efforts to tackle social exclusion and build social capital, namely ‘time banks’: a type of community currency which rewards people in time credits for the work they put into their neighbourhoods. Time banks are found to occupy a space in between what is already known about informal employment, LETS (Local Exchange Trading Schemes) and volunteering, raising a number of issues for policy makers and practitioners. While time banks may be promoted within the UK government's social inclusion remit as a means of increasing job-readiness through volunteering, they have wider and deeper implications. They represent a response to a radical social democratic understanding of social exclusion and hence exert a collective effort to redefine what is considered ‘valuable work’, and thus present an alternative to hegemonic paradigms of work and welfare; their greatest potential is as a radical tool for collective social capital building, resulting in more effective social, economic and political citizenship, and hence social inclusion. Policy recommendations are made to enable time banks to flourish and provide a powerful tool for achieving social inclusion objectives.
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Moen, Jon, and Ellis Tallman. "Outside lending in the New York City call loan market: evidence from the Panic of 1907." Financial History Review 26, no. 1 (2019): 43–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s096856501800015x.
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Before the Panic of 1907 the large New York City banks were able to maintain the call loan market's liquidity during panics, but the rise in outside lending by trust companies and interior banks in the decade leading up the panic weakened the influence of the large banks. Creating a reliable source of liquidity and reserves external to the financial market like a central bank became obvious after the panic. In the call loan market, like the REPO market in 2008, lack of information on the identity of lenders and volume of the market hindered attempts to stop panic-related depositor withdrawals. Our new estimates of who was participating in the call loan market reveal that it did not contract after 1907; while the trust companies became less important, the New York national banks and outside lenders more than made up the difference.
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Mamonov, M. "Hidden “holes” in the capital of not yet failed banks in Russia: An estimate of the scope of potential losses." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 7 (July 20, 2017): 42–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2017-7-42-61.
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Recently, the Bank of Russia has begun to actively fight against the balance sheet falsification in banking and withdrew every third bank’s license during the last four years. In the majority of cases, the regulator revealed hidden “holes” in the capital of bankrupted financial institutions; the total sum of already revealed negative capital amounts to -2,1% of Russian GDP in 2015. However, until now the process of clearing the banking system has affected only small and medium-sized banks (with few exceptions). What happens if this process touches on larger banks? How many new episodes of “holes” in the capital can we face in the near future and what is their potential size in case of detection? Our estimations, based on Heckman selection models, show that from 300 to400 out of 641 Russian banks that were active in the mid-2016 might already hide “holes” in the capital from -3,6% to -6,8% of GDP. The analysis at the level of different groups of banks - among the top 30 in terms of assets, other banks from the first hundred and banks outside the top 100 - shows that the greatest loss is localized in the last group.
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Qiu, Buhui. "The effects of the bank holding equity of the firm: from a moral hazard perspective." Corporate Ownership and Control 6, no. 1-4 (2008): 459–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv6i1c4p5.
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After the repeal of the Glass-Steagall Act in 1999, commercial banks are allowed to hold equity in firms. The current financial crisis also helps make banks universal in the US. This paper investigates the effects of the bank’s equity holding of the firm from a moral hazard perspective. The bank’s equity holding of the firm is shown to help mitigate the conflicts between the firm’s shareholders and debtholders. However, it also creates another moral hazard problem, namely, the bank as an institutional shareholder can collude with the firm manager to pursue perks from project return. Without this moral hazard problem, the bank’s optimal equity holding of the firm is shown to be at the point where its share of the firm’s equity equals its share of the firm’s debt. With this moral hazard problem being taken into consideration, the bank’s optimal equity holding should be less than its debt share in the firm. Otherwise, the bank will force the firm to pursue overly risky projects. If asymmetric information is introduced into the model, the bank’s equity holding becomes a signal to the outside debtholders, thus should be capped above by a certain level. Thus, the paper shows that regulations still need to be imposed on banks’ equity holding in firms.
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Welly, Welly, and Kurnia Krisna Hari. "PENGARUH PENILAIAN KESEHATAN BANK TERHADAP KINERJA KEUANGAN BANK SYARIAH DI INDONESIA." BALANCE Jurnal Akuntansi dan Bisnis 3, no. 2 (2018): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.32502/jab.v3i2.1258.
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This study aims to provide empirical evidence about the effect of bank soundness by using Risk Profile, Good Corporate Governance, Earnings, Capital (RGEC) methods on the financial performance of sharia commercial banks in Indonesia. The formulation of the problem in this research is whether there is an effect of the soundness of the Islamic Commercial Bank with the RGEC method with the banking performance in Indonesia in the 2011-2015 period? How much influence does the bank's health level have on the RGEC method on the performance of Islamic Banks in Indonesia? The research sample consisted of 7 Islamic banks in Indonesia. The data used are quarterly financial statements of sharia commercial banks and GCG implementation reports. The statistical method used to test the research hypothesis is multiple linear regression. The results of data testing stated that there was no heterocedasticity, autocorrelation, multicollinearity, and data with normal distribution. The results showed that Non Performing Financing (NPF), Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR), Net Operating Margin (NOM) and Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) had an influence on the financial performance of Islamic commercial banks, while Good Corporate Governance (GCG) did not have influence on the financial performance of Islamic commercial banks. The effect of bank soundness on the financial performance of Islamic banks was 39.40%, while 60.60% was influenced by other factors outside this study.
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Lafuente, Esteban, and Miguel Angel García-Cestona. "Managerial turnover and performance in outside boards: Ownership makes the difference." Tec Empresarial 13, no. 3 (2019): 2–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18845/te.v13i3.4471.
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We examine the relationship between CEO, board and Chairman turnovers and future performance in banks with fully outside boards. Using a rich dataset on executive turnovers from Costa Rica, we find that ownership moderates the effect that control mechanisms have on performance. Our results indicate that executive turnovers followed by the appointment of outside executives (CEO and Chairman) have a positive impact on performance. On the contrary, large board replacements create organisational costs and these negatively affect performance. These results mainly hold for shareholder-oriented banks where managers and owners are more likely to be aligned. Finally, these results underline the importance of examining the effectiveness of governance mechanisms in emerging economies. More detailed information about ownership, legal framework and executive replacements can make a difference when it comes to evaluate the effectiveness of governance mechanisms.
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Aghimien, Peter A., Fakarudin Kamarudin, Mohamad Hamid, and Bany Noordin. "Efficiency of Gulf Cooperation Council Banks." Review of International Business and Strategy 26, no. 1 (2016): 118–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ribs-11-2013-0111.
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Purpose – This paper aims to investigate the efficiency level of Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) banks on technical efficiency (TE), pure technical efficiency (PTE) and scale efficiency (SE). Both PTE and SE represent the potential factors that influence the efficiency of the GCC banks. In total, 43 GCC banks were observed in this study over the period from 2007 until 2011. Design/methodology/approach – The Data Envelopment Analysis, a non-parametric method using variable returns to scale under Banker, Charnes and Cooper model, was used with assets and deposit (as input) and loan and income (as output). Findings – On average, the results show that many GCC banks are operating within an optimal scale of efficiency. Nevertheless, the results also show managerial inefficiency in the use of resources. Furthermore, the results indicate that, while the larger banks (the 22 largest) tend to operate at constant returns to scale (CRS) or decreasing returns to scale, the smaller banks (the 21 smallest) are susceptible to operate at either CRS or increasing returns to scale. Research limitations/implications – Because of the chosen research method, the results may lack generalisation. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to test the propositions further. An additional implication of the results is that it was able to identify some banks that may become potential targets for outside acquisition. Practical implications – The findings should be useful to banks in the GCC in increasing their efficiencies and recognizing those with a potential for outside acquisition. Originality/value – The findings are valuable because they will facilitate the maintenance of efficient banks in the GCC. This is necessary to enable the countries to maintain a healthy and sustainable economy.
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Mirajudin, Muhammad, and Prasetiono Prasetiono. "ANALISIS LIQUIDITY CREATION PADA PERBANKAN DI INDONESIA TAHUN 2007-2013 (STUDI KASUS PADA 10 BANK BESAR DI INDONESIA TAHUN 2013)." JURNAL STUDI MANAJEMEN ORGANISASI 12, no. 1 (2016): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jsmo.v12i1.13424.
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Problems related to banking in Indonesia today is the problem of liquidity. It is shownfrom a commercial bank credit grew 23.03% but not matched by growth in depositswhich only reached 16.56% in 2012 (Report of Banking Supervision, 2012). Therefore,this study aims to determine the liquidity creation in Indonesia as well as to analyze theinfluence of bank capital, credit risk and income instability towards liquidity creation.The samples includes 10 major banks in Indonesia with total assets of more thanRp120billion in 2013. The reason for choosing this sample because of the 10 largestbanks reflects the state of the banks in Indonesia which accounted for 65.2% of totalassets, 65.6% of total loans, and 66% of total deposits or deposits in the banking industry(PEFINDO, 2014). The results of this research note that the bank's capital and earningsvolatility is significant negative effect on liquidity creation. While the credit risk of anegative but insignificant effect on liquidity creation. In the determination coefficient testshowed that 43.6% dependent variable is the liquidity creation can be explained by theindependent variable is the capital of banks, credit risk and earnings volatility. While56.4% is explained by other variables outside the model of this study.Keywords: liquidity creation, capital of banks, credit risk, third-party funds, banks inIndonesia.
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TROFIMOVА, V. V. "STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF RUSSIAN BANKS OPERATING IN INTERNATIONAL MARKETS." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 1, no. 1 (2021): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2021.01.01.012.
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Lee, Seok Weon. "Any differences in the dividend policy between national and regional banks?" Corporate Ownership and Control 9, no. 1 (2011): 405–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv9i1c3art4.
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This study compares the dividend policy of Korean national and regional banks by identifying the factors that may determine the payout ratio of the banks using the sample over 1994-2008 periods. Based on the fixed effects regression estimation, this study finds that the payout ratio of national banks appears to be more significantly and closely related to the variables such as debt ratio (negative relationship), future growth opportunity (negative relationship), profitability (positive relationship), and outside ownership (positive relationship) than regional banks. These results are appealing intuitively considering that generally national banks are larger banks and more actively traded in capital market, and therefore, national banks would be subject to greater indirect market discipline and pressure in dividend market. Thus, national banks may receive more pressure than regional banks to send the correct signal to the market through the dividend policy. Therefore the pattern of dividend policy for national banks would be more significant and predictable compared to regional banks.
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Seraphin, Prao Yao. "Origins of Banks and Credit Supply in Ivory Coast." International Journal of Economics and Finance 12, no. 5 (2020): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v12n5p81.
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This paper provides an empirical assessment of the relationship between banking origins and the supply of credit in Ivory Coast. The analysis focuses on 14 banks composed of local banks, African banks and foreign banks outside Africa. The study covers the period from 2000 to 2016. Using the panel data approach, we show that local banks positively influence the supply of credit unlike foreign and African banks. Foreign banks, on the other hand, have a negative influence on the supply of credit in Ivory Coast. In addition, the results highlight the positive impact of growth and market share on the supply of credit to the private sector. On the other hand, the size of banks and the inflation rate are unfavourable to the supply of credit in Ivory Coast. The study suggests that local banks should be strengthened so that they can provide more financing to the Ivorian economy.
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Mitchener, Kris James, and Gary Richardson. "Shadowy Banks and Financial Contagion during the Great Depression: A Retrospective on Friedman and Schwartz." American Economic Review 103, no. 3 (2013): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.103.3.73.
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This essay assesses whether network linkages within the banking system amplified the real effects of bank failures during the Great Contraction. In 1929, nearly all interbank deposits held by Federal Reserve member banks belonged to “shadowy” nonmember banks which were outside the regulatory reach of federal regulators. Regional banking panics in the early 1930s drained these interbank deposits from central reserve city banks. Money-center banks in Chicago and New York responded to volatile and declining interbank deposits by changing their asset composition. They reduced their lending to businesses and individuals, and increased their holdings of cash and government bonds.
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Johansen, Kathrin, Saskia Laser, Doris Neuberger, and Ettore Andreani. "Inside or outside control of banks? Evidence from the composition of supervisory boards." European Journal of Law and Economics 43, no. 1 (2014): 31–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10657-014-9463-y.
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Acharya, Viral V., Denis Gromb, and Tanju Yorulmazer. "Imperfect Competition in the Interbank Market for Liquidity as a Rationale for Central Banking." American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 4, no. 2 (2012): 184–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mac.4.2.184.
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We study interbank lending and asset sales markets in which banks with surplus liquidity have market power vis-à-vis banks needing liquidity, frictions arise in lending due to moral hazard, and assets are bank-specific. Surplus banks ration lending and instead purchase assets from needy banks, an inefficiency more acute during financial crises. A central bank acting as a lender-of-last-resort can ameliorate this inefficiency provided it is prepared to extend potentially loss-making loans or is better informed than outside markets, as might be the case if it also performs a supervisory role. This rationale for central banking finds support in historical episodes. (JEL E58, G01, G21, G28, L13, N21)
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Gissler, Stefan, Rodney Ramcharan, and Edison Yu. "The Effects of Competition in Consumer Credit Markets." Review of Financial Studies 33, no. 11 (2020): 5378–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhaa035.
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Abstract This paper finds that banks and nonbanks respond differently to increased competition in consumer credit markets. Increased competition and a greater threat of failure induces banks to specialize in relationship business lending, and surviving banks are more profitable. However, nonbanks change their credit policy when faced with more competition and expand credit to riskier borrowers at the extensive margin, resulting in higher default rates. These results show how the effects of competition depend on the form of intermediation. They also suggest that increased competition can cause credit risk to migrate outside the traditional supervisory umbrella.
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Tírico, Luís Eduardo Passarelli, Marco Kawamura Demange, Luiz Augusto Ubirajara Santos, et al. "Development of a Fresh Osteochondral Allograft Program Outside North America." CARTILAGE 7, no. 3 (2015): 222–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1947603515618484.
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Objective To standardize and to develop a fresh osteochondral allograft protocol of procurement, processing and surgical utilization in Brazil. This study describes the steps recommended to make fresh osteochondral allografts a viable treatment option in a country without previous fresh allograft availability. Design The process involves regulatory process modification, developing and establishing procurement, and processing and surgical protocols. Results Legislation: Fresh osteochondral allografts were not feasible in Brazil until 2009 because the law prohibited preservation of fresh grafts at tissue banks. We approved an amendment that made it legal to preserve fresh grafts for 30 days from 2°C to 6°C in tissue banks. Procurement: We changed the protocol of procurement to decrease tissue contamination. All tissues were procured in an operating room. Processing: Processing of the grafts took place within 12 hours of tissue recovery. A serum-free culture media with antibiotics was developed to store the grafts. Surgeries: We have performed 8 fresh osteochondral allografts on 8 knees obtaining grafts from 5 donors. Mean preoperative International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score was 31.99 ± 13.4, improving to 81.26 ± 14.7 at an average of 24 months’ follow-up. Preoperative Knee Injury and Oseoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) score was 46.8 ± 20.9 and rose to 85.24 ± 13.9 after 24 months. Mean preoperative Merle D’Aubigne-Postel score was 8.75 ± 2.25 rising to 16.1 ± 2.59 at 24 months’ follow-up. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first report of fresh osteochondral allograft transplantation in South America. We believe that this experience may be of value for physicians in countries that are trying to establish an osteochondral allograft transplant program.
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Chakraborty, Shankha. "Financial Deepening." Arthaniti: Journal of Economic Theory and Practice 18, no. 2 (2019): 111–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0976747918814031.
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This article proposes a tractable model of the evolution of financial structure. Firms invest out of internal assets and by borrowing from banks and the financial market. In the presence of moral hazard, whereby owner–managers may intentionally reduce profitability of investment to appropriate resources, banks can monitor firms and partially alleviate agency problems. Under the optimal financial contract, banks monitor and outside investors lend to firms only if they borrow from banks too. The model is broadly consistent with financial development facts. Capital accumulation is facilitated by an increasing reliance on both types of external finance. Initially firms rely more heavily on expensive bank finance. With further development, banks eliminate much of the agency problem and firms substitute in favour of cheaper market finance. The short- and long-run effects of financial sector reforms are considered. JEL: E44, G20, O16
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Paul Kellogg. "Gods outside the Market: Central Banks, China and the Emergence of Neoliberal State Capitalism." World Review of Political Economy 8, no. 1 (2017): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.13169/worlrevipoliecon.8.1.0056.
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Ennis, Huberto M., and Elizabeth Klee. "The Fed's Discount Window in "Normal" Times." Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2021, no. 015 (2021): 1–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17016/feds.2021.016.
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We study new transaction-level data of discount window borrowing in the U.S. between 2010 and 2017, merged with quarterly data on bank financial con- ditions (balance sheet and revenue). The objective is to improve our under- standing of the reasons for why banks use the discount window during periods outside financial crises. We also provide a model of the decision of banks to borrow at the window, which is helpful for interpreting the data. We find that decisions to gain access and to borrow at the discount window are meaning- fully correlated with some relevant banks' characteristics and the composition of banks' balance sheets. Banks choose simultaneously to obtain access to the discount window and hold more cash-like liquidity as a proportion of assets. Yet, conditional on access, larger and less liquid banks tend to borrow more from the discount window. In general, our findings suggest that banks could, in principle, adapt their operations to modulate, and possibly reduce, their use of the discount window in "normal" times.
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Diniz, Eduardo Henrique, Martin Jayo, Marlei Pozzebon, Frédéric Lavoie, and Flávio Henrique dos Santos Foguel. "ICT Helping to Scale up Microfinance." Journal of Global Information Management 22, no. 1 (2014): 34–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jgim.2014010103.
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Finding ways to downscale microfinance is one of the current challenges facing commercial banks, especially in developing countries. As banks have a poor knowledge of microfinance, operating in this market will require capacity-building, innovative business models and new technological architectures. This paper discusses how one particular architecture – the Brazilian model of correspondent banking (CB) – is helping banks cope with these challenges. Since the model was created, in 2000, it has allowed banks to downscale financial services outside their traditional branches and establish successful partnerships with local microfinance institutions (MFIs). The authors focus on one particular case involving a partnership between an accredited MFI (Banco Palmas) and two major banks (Banco do Brasil e Caixa Econômica Federal), to make the argument that the Brazilian CB model represents an innovation at the “meso level”, defined by Helms (2006) as the infrastructure comprising a network of service providers necessary to the operation of MFIs.
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Rhanoui, Salma, and Khalid Belkhoutout. "Operational Risk in Both Conventional and Islamic Banking Perceptions: Differences and Similarities." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 13 (2018): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n13p110.
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While risks in conventional banks have been meticulously discussed in the literature, they remain a fresh research area in Islamic banks. In this context, operational risk has long been considered a simple part of “other” risks outside the dominion of credit risk and market risk, before it made its way to the forefront of banking. In fact, with the rise and enlargement of the Islamic banking industry and its unique contractual features and legal environment, operational risk has become more wide-ranging in Islamic banks compared to conventional banks. In this sense, the following work aims to provide a comparison of operational risk perceptions in both conventional and Islamic banks, with the objective of determining the fundamental similarities and differences of this risk within each system, which can be seen as a boosting step meant to help creating a good risk management tactics in both banks. This work showed a difference regarding the two definitions of operational risk. It also demonstrated that the conventionnal and Islamic banking systems are similar while presenting some differences in terms of components and factors of opeational risk.
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Sandria, Wella. "PERSEPSI MAHASISWA TENTANG BANK SYARIAH TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN MENABUNG DI PERBANKAN SYARIAH." Journal Development 6, no. 2 (2018): 178–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.53978/jd.v6i2.114.
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Islamic Bank is a bank whose operating system uses sharia principles. Currently many terms are given to refer to Islamic Bank entities other than Islamic Banks themselves, namely Banks Without Riba (La Riba Bank), and Islamic Banks (Shari'a Bank) or banks based on sharia principles. Students are the right target for Islamic banking to increase savings growth. Savings are needed in students, not only students who come from within the city but also come from outside. The purpose of this study is to find out how the Economic School of Muhammadiyah Jambi students’ 'perceptions about Islamic banking, and how strong the influence of students' perceptions on the decision to save in Islamic banks. The theoryies used are perception theory by Michael W. Levine & Shefner and the factors that influence consumer decisions by Mowen and Michael. The results of this study indicate that the perception of students of the Economic School of Muhammadiyah Jambi regarding sharia banking services in Jambi is very positive, indicated by the level of their understanding of Islamic banking services. They believe well that saving in Islamic banks is more beneficial than in conventional banks. However, the decision to save is still in conventional banks. There are only 24.6% of students who have savings in Islamic banks. The remaining 75.4% do not have savings in Islamic banks.
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Chahal, Hardeep, and Jagmeet Kaur. "Development of marketing capabilities scale in banking sector." Measuring Business Excellence 18, no. 4 (2014): 65–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mbe-06-2013-0037.
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Purpose – The purpose of the study is to develop, measure and empirically validate marketing capabilities (MARKCAPB) scale in banking sector. Design/methodology/approach – Data are collected from a branch manager and three next senior managers of 144 branches of 21 public and 7 private banks operating in Jammu city, North India. Findings – The study finds that marketing capabilities are of multi-dimensional scale, comprising three dimensions – outside-in, inside-out and spanning. Further, the study results demonstrate that all three dimensions are significantly related to marketing capabilities; with outside-in capabilities to be most strongly associated with marketing capabilities development followed by inside-out and spanning dimensions. Research limitations/implications – The study focused on only operational perspective of marketing capabilities to develop a reliable and valid measurement scale. Hence, developing marketing capabilities scale from remaining three perspectives – intellectual capital, marketing mix and competition would prove to be an interesting line of future research. Second, as marketing capabilities scale is developed and tested in banks, that too, in a single city of a country (India), it becomes important to examine whether the same scale can be applied to different sectors and countries. Moreover, future research could be carried on at identifying various antecedents that facilitate the development of marketing capabilities. Originality/value – This is the first study of this type that contributes to the development of multi-dimensional scale of marketing capabilities in banking sector in Indian context. The study provides banks’ managers with the deeper understanding of how to develop and establish marketing capabilities in an organisation. Besides, it also put light on the significant role of outside-in, inside-out and spanning capabilities that facilitate the managers in enhancing financial performance by focusing on varied sub dimensions such as relationship, regularity, communication (outside-in), Web technology and employee bonding (inside-out), advertising, pricing and product/service skills (spanning).
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Pietrzak, Piotr. "Lojalność klientów indywidualnych wobec banku komercyjnego." Zarządzanie Finansami i Rachunkowość 5, no. 3 (2017): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/zfir.2017.5.3.19.
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The instability of commercial banks’ environment and deep transformations which take place inside them are making redefinition of principles of their acting. From protected institutions with many privileges, commercial banks became entities which must meet the pressure of increasing competition not only from the cooperative banks, but also from other financial institutions and entities outside the banking sector. Thus, customer loyalty is becoming increasingly important in commercial bank marketing strategies. The purpose of this article was to determine the degree of loyalty of individual customers of branch of commercial bank “X” in Warka. Loyalty indicator and enhanced loyalty indicator were used for the assessment of loyalty level. Statistical analysis comprised non parametric chi-square test (χ2).
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Colvin, Christopher L. "Organizational Determinants of Bank Resilience: Explaining the Performance of SME Banks in the Dutch Financial Crisis of the 1920s." Business History Review 92, no. 4 (2018): 661–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007680519000011.
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By the start of the twentieth century, the two organizational forms most used by Dutch banks to raise capital through the dispersal of their ownership were the cooperative association and the public company. Share ownership in cooperatives was typically restricted to customers, while companies permitted outside investors. Neither organizational form dictated specific shareholder liability arrangements. New specialist banks targeting small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) combined these two organizational forms and flexible liability rules to create hybrid forms. I find those that took the public company form were more likely to suffer distress during the Dutch financial crisis of the 1920s. Liability arrangements for shareholders, by contrast, had a negligible impact on these banks’ resilience.
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Gangi, Francesco, Mario Mustilli, and Nicola Varrone. "The impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) knowledge on corporate financial performance: evidence from the European banking industry." Journal of Knowledge Management 23, no. 1 (2019): 110–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jkm-04-2018-0267.
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PurposeAssuming that corporate social responsibility (CSR) is “a process of accumulating knowledge and experience” (Tang et al., 2012, p. 1298), this paper aims to investigate whether and how CSR knowledge (Asif et al., 2013; Kim, 2017) affects financial performance in the European banking industry.Design/methodology/approachThe empirical research analyses a panel of 72 banks from 20 European countries over seven years (2009-2015). The hypotheses were tested using fixed effects regression analysis and the two-stage Heckman model (1976) to address endogeneity bias.FindingsThe findings of this work are twofold. First, consistent with the concept of knowledge absorptive capacity (Cohen and Levinthal, 1990), the internal CSR of banks (Kim et al., 2010) positively affects citizenship performance (Peterson, 2004a). Second, in line with the reputational effect of CSR (Margolis et al., 2009; Bushman and Wittenberg-Moerman, 2012), citizenship performance is a positive predictor of a bank’s financial performance.Practical implicationsFrom a knowledge-based perspective, the analysis shows that accrued internal CSR knowledge plays a key role in implementing effective CSR programs for external stakeholders. Moreover, this study shows how CSR engagement in external initiatives can improve a bank’s competitiveness because of the relationship between citizenship performance and the positive reputation of a bank.Social implicationsThe management of CSR initiatives may favor the sharing of knowledge and creation of trust relationships among banks and internal and external stakeholders. CSR knowledge contributes to expanded value creation for both society and banks.Originality/valueThe knowledge management perspective of CSR provides new insights into the sustainability of banks’ business models and contributes to advancing the debate on the governance modes and effects of CSR. Moreover, the CSR perspective offers additional opportunities for addressing the challenges associated with sharing tacit knowledge within and outside of organizations.
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Chokuda, Tinevimbo Santu, Njabulo Nkomazana, and Wilford Mawanza. "A Bank Failure Prediction Model for Zimbabwe: A Corporate Governance Perspective." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 9, no. 1(J) (2017): 207–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v9i1(j).1573.
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The primary objective of this study was to come up with a bank failure prediction model for Zimbabwe. The research sample comprised five failed commercial banks that were operational in 2003 as well as five non-failed commercial banks that were operational during that same period. The model developed in this research was applied to each of these banks and a failure classification awarded. Out of a sample of ten banks, the model misclassified one bank as failed instead of non-failed and this signified a strong predictive power. Results revealed a distinct pattern of owner managed banks being predicted to fail while those banks run by professional managers, divorced from ownership, were getting high passes, a sign of stability. Some owner managed entities were predicted as non-failing and this was interpreted as emanating from a strong presence of institutional and other outside shareholders with a significant shareholding in the banks and thus eliminating shareholder concentration. The findings from the research showed that owner managers were more likely to commit corporate governance abuses than professional managers. It was concluded that corporate governance factors significantly contributed to the bank failures experienced in Zimbabwe between 2003 and 2004. As a result, banks need to focus more on corporate governance factors to avoid failures in the future.
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Chokuda, Tinevimbo Santu, Njabulo Nkomazana, and Wilford Mawanza. "A Bank Failure Prediction Model for Zimbabwe: A Corporate Governance Perspective." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 9, no. 1 (2017): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v9i1.1573.
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The primary objective of this study was to come up with a bank failure prediction model for Zimbabwe. The research sample comprised five failed commercial banks that were operational in 2003 as well as five non-failed commercial banks that were operational during that same period. The model developed in this research was applied to each of these banks and a failure classification awarded. Out of a sample of ten banks, the model misclassified one bank as failed instead of non-failed and this signified a strong predictive power. Results revealed a distinct pattern of owner managed banks being predicted to fail while those banks run by professional managers, divorced from ownership, were getting high passes, a sign of stability. Some owner managed entities were predicted as non-failing and this was interpreted as emanating from a strong presence of institutional and other outside shareholders with a significant shareholding in the banks and thus eliminating shareholder concentration. The findings from the research showed that owner managers were more likely to commit corporate governance abuses than professional managers. It was concluded that corporate governance factors significantly contributed to the bank failures experienced in Zimbabwe between 2003 and 2004. As a result, banks need to focus more on corporate governance factors to avoid failures in the future.
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Kiršienė, Julija, and Gabrielė Misevičiūtė. "Are Auditors at Fault for the Collapse of Financial Institutions in Lithuania?" Baltic Journal of Law & Politics 9, no. 2 (2016): 171–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bjlp-2016-0017.
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Abstract The experience of the global financial crisis revealed that while many financial institutions were allowed to take excessive risks, the auditors failed in their duties to reasonably evaluate those risks as well as to inform the investing public about them. The issues of statutory auditors' liability and their public role are particularly relevant in Lithuania, considering the fact that over just the past few years the third and the fourth largest banks in Lithuania turned out to be insolvent. Analysis of legal actions against auditors of these banks highlighted certain shortcomings in the audit market and auditors' liability regulation, related to the quality and transparency of audit reports, auditors' accountability and independence requirements, and insurance of auditors’ liability. In the first part of the paper the case analysis of Ernst & Young Baltic’s responsibility for Snoras bankruptcy as well as Deloitte’s responsibility for Ūkio bankas’ insolvency, and discussion of the cases, are presented. The second part of the paper deals with the changes in regulation of the audit market in Lithuania and Europe, and issues left outside the reform.
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Mili, Mehdi, and Sami Abid. "Moral hazard and risk-taking incentives in Islamic banks, does franchise value matter!" International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management 10, no. 1 (2017): 42–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imefm-12-2015-0148.
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Purpose This paper aims to examine risk-taking in Islamic banks by exploring moral hazard and owner/manager agency problems simultaneously. Design/methodology/approach The authors propose to estimate a model of bank risk-taking that includes both franchise value and ownership structure as explanatory factors of bank risk. Findings The results show that franchise value is an important determinant of Islamic bank risk-taking. Banks with high franchise values are less likely to take risks than banks with low franchise value. In contrast, outside block holders have, at best, limited influences on bank risk-taking. Originality/value This paper conducts the first empirical examination of the relationship between managerial risk preferences and Islamic banks ownership. The authors examine simultaneously the effect of franchise value and owner/manager problem on Islamic bank risk taking behavior. They consider separately the impact on total risk, systematic risk and bank specific risk.
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Kiršienė, Julija. "The Bank and Credit Union Disasters in Lithuania: Where Were the Lawyers?" Baltic Journal of Law & Politics 7, no. 2 (2014): 77–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bjlp-2015-0003.
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ABSTRACT Since Lithuania’s independence in 1991, sixteen banks in the country have gone bankrupt. From 2011 to 2013 two banks-the fifth and sixth largest banks in the country- went bankrupt and three credit unions collapsed. One more credit union collapsed in 2014. One of the questions not yet posed in the context of this crisis of financial institutions in Lithuania is the question: “Where were the lawyers?” This article focuses on a comparative analysis of the regulation and practice of the legal profession in considering whether and how outside and inside bank and corporate lawyers can be effective gatekeepers, foreseeing, preventing, and mitigating such collapses. This comparative research concludes with propositions for changing legal profession regulations as well as lawyers’ and corporate officers’ education.
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Duncan, Philippa S. "Gender Diversity: An Analysis of Belize Banks." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 9, no. 3 (2018): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mjss-2018-0052.
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Abstract This study aims to increase insights into the underrepresentation of women at the top echelon of banks and reveal new challenges for women to attain bank leadership positions. Content analysis was applied to information collected through semi-structured interviews conducted with primarily male senior leaders from banks in Belize, and the interview data was triangulated with data from relevant documents and Belize banks’ succession plans to demonstrate consistency. Participants unanimously indicated that banking skills are not gender specific, women bankers possess talent and knowledge to satisfy senior appointments, and differences in employee performance occur at the individual-level and not genderlevel. Other findings show new challenges for aspiring female bank leaders, namely, competing in a pool expanded to include foreign men and demonstrating business development with male customers can occur professionally outside normal banking hours. The setting reflects Belize’s banking sector. Awareness of non-traditional challenges can assist women with self-preparation and influence greater transparency in banks’ succession plans and selection of leaders. This was the first such study on Belize banks; it raised awareness and could influence more deliberate decision-making on achieving gender equity in the sector’s leadership. The study confirmed traditional elements of the glass ceiling and underscored challenges of overcoming Belize banks’ mores.
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Mehrling, Perry. "Three Principles for Market-Based Credit Regulation." American Economic Review 102, no. 3 (2012): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.102.3.107.
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A key lesson of the financial crisis 2007-09 is that the Bagehot Rule, “lend freely but at a high rate,” needs to be updated for the emerging market-based credit system. A modern rule is suggested: Markets, not Banks; Outside spread, not Inside spread; Core, not Periphery.
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Ермолова, Мария. "Теневой банковский сектор при регулировании капитала и режиме ПВР". ИЗВЕСТИЯ ДАЛЬНЕВОСТОЧНОГО ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА. ЭКОНОМИКА И УПРАВЛЕНИЕ, № 4 (2020): 113–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24866/2311-2271/2020-4/113-128.
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В исследовании предложена модификация модели 1 G. Ordoñez [1]. В [1] предполагалось, что асимметрия ин-формации в банковском секторе приводит к ограничительной политике, при которой регулятор запрещает вложения в рисковые активы. В статье показывается, что данная предпосылка не реалистична, так как на практике регулятор обладает большим набором инструментов, например, может внедрить подход на основе внутренних рейтингов (далее ПВР), который обеспечивает детальную оценку риска. Продемонстрировано достижение оптимального состояния рынка при более реалистичной предпосылке. В модель также внедрено регулирование капитала. Показано влияние норматива достаточности капитала на размер теневого банкинга. The article discusses the mechanism of risk-shifting in the presence of information asymmetry. The model is based on [1]. Due to the asymmetry of information, the regulator cannot dif-ferentiate bank assets by the risk level, and therefore cannot guarantee (in particular, to investors) an adequate risk level of banks such that is sufficient to cover losses by capital in the event of stress. As a result, the regulator designs a policy that prohibits investments in any risky assets. This leads to the fact that banks transfer their activities outside the control of the regulator. It is defined as shadow banking. Information asymmetry leads to not optimal decisions. In par-ticular, banks cannot invest in superior assets, despite the fact that these assets generally have an acceptable risk level. [1] proposed reducing the problem of asymmetry by maintaining subsidies, in which banks in shadow banking must pay fees for their choice to operate outside of regulation. This article suggests another method for reducing the volume of shadow banking. This method involves the introduction of IRB, namely a differentiated calculation of the risk level for each asset individually based on internal models of banks that meet the requirements of the regulator. Due to a more differenti-ated risk assessment, constant validation of models and detailed reporting, the regulator will be able to control investments in superior assets and thereby reduce banks’ entry into shadow banking. The paper notes the impact of the capital requirements on the volume of shadow banking. The modifica-tion of the model [1] by adding IRB mode and introducing banks’ calculation and compliance with capi-tal requirements allowed to find the boundary levels of the capital adequacy ratio at which banks charge their strategy in favour of shadow banking.
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Andirfa, Mulia, Eka Chyntia, Iva Septarina, and Maryana. "ANALISIS FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI RETURN SAHAM PADA BANK UMUM YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA." Jurnal Penelitian Ekonomi Akuntansi (JENSI) 5, no. 1 (2021): 42–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33059/jensi.v5i1.3823.
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This study aims to analyze the effect of ROE, CAR, NPL, BOPO, and DER simultaneously on stock returns in commercial banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The data used in this study are secondary data in the form of financial reports at PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesi Tbk, PT. Bank Negara Indonesia Tbk, PT. Bank Mandiri Tbk, PT. Bank Central Asia Tbk, and PT. Bank Mega Tbk. from 2014-2019. The data analysis method used is panel data regression analysis, namely the Fixed Effect Model (FEM). The results showed that: ROE theoretically and statistically affect stock returns in commercial banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. CAR is theoretically and statistically insignificant to stock returns in Commercial Banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. BOPO has a theoretical effect but does not have a statistical and significant effect on stock returns in commercial banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. NPL and DER have no effect on stock returns in Commercial Banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. ROE, CAR, NPL, BOPO and DER simultaneously have a positive effect on stock returns in) Commercial Banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. ROE, CAR, NPL, BOPO and DER have the ability to explain their effect on stock returns in Commercial Banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange of 44.09%. The remaining 55.01% is influenced by other variables outside this research model.
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Sakawa, Hideaki, and Naoki Watanabel. "An examination of board size effect in a relationship-oriented system: Evidence from Japan." Corporate Board role duties and composition 3, no. 2 (2007): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cbv3i2art2.
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This paper examines whether or not board size effect hypothesis exist in Japan. We make two points about it. First, board size effect exists in Japanese firm which adopt the relationshiporiented system. Second, banks take a part of effective monitoring as stockholder, but do not take it as outside directors.
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Nwangolo, Azu, and Blessing Ogechi. "Financial Deepening and Deposit Mobilization of Commercial Banks in Nigeria: A Time Variant Model." Indian Journal of Finance and Banking 2, no. 2 (2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/ijfb.v2i2.94.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of financial deepening on customer deposit of Nigerian commercial banks. Time series data was sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin, from 1981-2017. Percentage of total customers’ deposit to total assets was used as dependent variables while percentage of narrow money supply, broad money supply, money market development, money outside the bank and private sector credit to gross domestic product was used as independent variables. Multiple regression with ordinary least square properties of cointegration, augment Dickey Fuller unit root test, Granger causality test and vector error correction model was used to examine the relationship between the dependent and the independent variables. The regression result found that narrow money supply and money market development have negative effect on total customer’s deposit of commercial banks while private sector credit, broad money supply and money outside the bank have positive effect on customer’s deposit of commercial banks in Nigeria. The unit root test shows that the variables are stationary at first difference; the cointegration test validates the existence of long run relationship while the causality test found no causal relationship. The study concludes that financial deepening has significant impact on total customer deposit. We recommend that policies should be deepened to enhance the performance of the Nigeria financial market.
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Sitompul, Saleh, and Siti Khadijah Nasution. "The Effect of Car, BOPO, NPF, and FDR on Profitability of Sharia Commercial Banks in Indonesia." Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal) : Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no. 3 (2019): 234–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birci.v2i3.412.
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This study aims to analyze the effect of Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Operational Costs on Operating Income (BOPO), Non Performing Financing (NPF) and Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR) to Profitability with Return on Assets (ROA) in Indonesian Commercial Banks . The population in this study were 13 Sharia Commercial Banks in Indonesia registered in the Financial Services Authority and Bank Indonesia from 2013-2017, with a total sample of 6 Islamic Commercial Banks. The analytical method used is descriptive statistics, classic assumption tests, and multiple linear regression for hypothesis testing. The results showed partially that the Operational Cost of Operational Income had a significant negative effect on Return on Assets, while the Capital Adequacy Ratio, Non Performing Financing and Financing to Deposit Ratio did not affect Return on Assets of Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia. Simultaneously, the Capital Adequacy Ratio, Operational Cost to Operaional Revenue, Non Performing Financing and Financing to Deposit Ratio have a significant effect on Return on Assets of Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia. The predictive ability of the four variables on Return on Assets is 82%, while the remaining 18% is influenced by other factors outside of this research model.
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Ha, Sungsoo, and Hakkon Kim. "Financial Supervisory Authority’s Inspection Period and Savings Banks’ Outside Directors Independence of Social and Regional Ties." Academic Society of Global Business Administration 18, no. 2 (2021): 138–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.38115/asgba.2021.18.2.138.
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