Relevant bibliographies by topics / Outside circumstances

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Outside circumstances'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Outside circumstances"

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Asai, T. "Airway management inside and outside operating rooms—circumstances are quite different." British Journal of Anaesthesia 120, no. 2 (2018): 207–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bja.2017.10.010.

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Leśniak, Barbara, and Marek Leśniak. "Gotowość do złożenia zawiadomienia o popełnieniu przestępstwa w kontekście sytuacji psychologicznej osoby pokrzywdzonej." Nowa Kodyfikacja Prawa Karnego 55 (May 4, 2020): 83–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2084-5065.55.7.

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The authors rely on Tadeusz Tomaszewski’s theory of psychological circumstance. The theory distinguishes between normal and difficult circumstances. A person’s par-ticular circumstances (for example a crime victim’s circumstances) may be analyzed objectively and subjectively. The first of these assumes that elements of the situation are described from the outside (independently on the entity’s psychological features and his or her experience). The second demands finding the situation from the entity’s per-spective. Law enforcement personnel should be able to determine a victim’s subjective psy
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Julesz, Máté. "Euthanasia outside Europe." Orvosi Hetilap 155, no. 32 (2014): 1259–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2014.29978.

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The passive form of euthanasia is legalized almost in every civilized country. Its active form is not a generally accepted legal institution. In Europe, active euthanasia is legalized only in The Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg and Switzerland. In Australia, the Act on the Rights of the Terminally Ill of 1995 legalized the institution of assisted suicide, which is not identical to active euthanasia. The difference lies in the fact that legalized active euthanasia means that the author of a murder is not punishable (under certain circumstances), whilst assisted suicide is not about murder, rat
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Bahn, Paul G. "Pleistocene Images outside Europe." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 57, no. 01 (1991): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00004904.

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At first sight it may seem a pointless exercise to produce a survey of late Pleistocene ‘artistic activity’ around the world, but there are two specific aims involved here: first, to show that human beings in different parts of the world were producing ‘art’ at roughly the same time, i.e. from about 40,000 BC onward, and particularly at the end of the Pleistocene, from about 12,0000 BC, and second, to show that the well known Ice Age art of Europe is no longer unique, but part of a far more widespread phenomenon (Bahn 1987; Bahn and Vertut 1988, 26–32). The European art remains supreme in its
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Raney, Tracey. "As Canadian as Possible … Under What Circumstances? Public Opinion on National Identity in Canada Outside Quebec." Journal of Canadian Studies 43, no. 3 (2009): 5–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jcs.43.3.5.

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Voeten, Erik. "Outside Options and the Logic of Security Council Action." American Political Science Review 95, no. 4 (2001): 845–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055400400055.

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I examine if and how a superpower can use its asymmetric power to achieve favorable outcomes in multilateral bargaining between states that have conflicting interests and veto power. Using a game-theoretic framework, I show that the ability to act outside, either unilaterally or with an ally, helps the superpower to reach agreements that would be vetoed in the absence of the outside option. These agreements, however, are usually not at the superpower's ideal point. Under some conditions, uncertainty about the credibility of the outside option can lead to unilateral action that all actors prefe
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Voeten, Erik. "Outside Options and the Logic of Security Council Action." American Political Science Review 95, no. 4 (2001): 845–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000305540101005x.

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I examine if and how a superpower can use its asymmetric power to achieve favorable outcomes in multilateral bargaining between states that have conflicting interests and veto power. Using a game-theoretic framework, I show that the ability to act outside, either unilaterally or with an ally, helps the superpower to reach agreements that would be vetoed in the absence of the outside option. These agreements, however, are usually not at the superpower’s ideal point. Under some conditions, uncertainty about the credibility of the outside option can lead to unilateral action that all actors prefe
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Porzecanski, Daniel Schwartz. "Friendship and the Circumstances of Justice According to Aquinas." Review of Politics 66, no. 1 (2004): 35–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034670500042467.

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The facts about friendship (objections a-d) used to support the view that the circumstances of justice are displaced by the circumstances of friendship (the Inverse Proportionality thesis) are, in Aquinas's own understanding of friendship, either not true —(a), (b), (d)—or (in my own view) irrelevant to the Inverse Proportionality thesis—(c).Aquinas's theological view that there is no merit without (or “outside”) charity can also be expressed non-theologically: when two persons are separated by a wide gap, the actions of the inferior do not lay just claims on the superior unless the inferior i
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Farag, Mary K. "Pachomius Outside the Shadow of the Vita Antonii." Harvard Theological Review 111, no. 4 (2018): 516–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017816018000251.

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AbstractThe earliest prologue to the Life of Pachomius constructs the apostle Paul as an exemplary father and argues that Pachomius conforms to such a Pauline model. Prologues composed later make no such comparison but cite Antony as the model ascetic before turning to the narration of Pachomius’s life. This paper follows the Pauline thread of the earliest prologue by examining the use of the figure Paul and Pauline literature in the surviving Vitae. I argue that certain narratives cast Pachomius’s legacy after a Pauline prototype. Paul’s ascent to paradise in 2 Corinthians 12 and Paul’s surve
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Gillett, Andrew. "The Date and Circumstances of Olympiodorus of Thebes." Traditio 48 (1993): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s036215290001285x.

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Olympiodorus of Thebes is an important figure for the history of late antiquity. The few details of his life preserved as anecdotes in hisHistorygive glimpses of a career which embraced the skills of poet, philosopher, and diplomat. A native of Egypt, he had influence at the imperial court of Constantinople, among the sophists of Athens, and even outside the borders of the empire. HisHistory(more correctly, his “materials for history”) is lost, surviving only as fragments in the narratives of Zosimus, Sozomen, and Philostorgius, and in the rich summary given by the ninth-century Byzantine patr
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Outside circumstances"

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Häggling, Josefine, and Ulfsdotter Ellen Sköld. "Lärarollens komplexitet : En kvalitativ studie om hur läraren formar sin roll i interaktionen med elever." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för hälsa och välfärd, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-31609.

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Syftet med uppsatsen är att få en bredare förståelse för hur lärare upplever att de formar sin roll i interaktionen med eleverna för att kunna möta dem efter individuella förutsättningar. Svenska elevers resultat i skolan blir allt sämre och allt fler går ut grundskolan utan godkända betyg. Studien berör hur läraren formar sin roll i interaktionen med eleverna, på vilket sätt relationen mellan lärare och elev påverkar lärarens roll och även ytterligare omständigheter som påverkar läraren i interaktionen med eleverna. Vi har gjort en kvalitativ studie med en hermeneutisk
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Books on the topic "Outside circumstances"

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Nesbitt, Eleanor. 6. Sikhism outside India. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198745570.003.0006.

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About 5 per cent of the global Sikh population live outside India. The affluence of overseas Sikh communities, especially in the UK and North America, has increased the relative importance of this diaspora. ‘Sikhism outside India’ looks at how changes in circumstances have affected Sikh practice and how Sikhs have affected the societies in which they live. For many decades, Sikhs have struggled to maintain the Khalsa form given the social and legal constraints they are faced with. What are these constraints and how do they differ in different locations? The interaction between political and re
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Margaretten, Emily. Love, Betrayal, and Sexual Intimacy. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039607.003.0004.

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This chapter considers why the Point Place females, who are aware of how HIV/AIDS is transmitted, agree to unprotected intercourse. Certainly, material circumstances impinge on their capacity to negotiate condom use, yet this does not fully account for why the Point Place females use condoms with boyfriends who reside outside the building but not with those who reside within the building. Their construction of “outside” and “inside” boyfriends is connected to notions of trust and, more specifically, to acts of nakana—which in isiZulu means “to care about or take notice of one another.” This in
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Reny, Marie-Eve. Containment and Authoritarian Regime Resilience. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190698089.003.0006.

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Containment enables church leaders to secure themselves space for the informal practice of religion outside state institutions. It also minimizes the risks that churches are punished for avoiding the central government’s regulations on religious affairs. Yet the strategy yields uneven benefits for unregistered churches and the local state. This chapter accounts for how containment contributes to the resilience of China’s authoritarian regime. It depoliticizes house church leaders, feeds divisions between compliant and dissident church leaders, and generates information about unregistered churc
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Danae, Azaria. 7 Countermeasures against the Responsible Transit State. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198717423.003.0007.

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This chapter analyses the availability of countermeasures, as a means of implementing the responsibility of the transit state (or international organization), in a particular form: that of suspending performance of obligations in the treaty breached by the transit state. Such exclusion may result either from the nature of obligations to be suspended as a countermeasure or from special treaty provisions that exclude countermeasures as circumstances precluding wrongfulness. Additionally, it examines the conditions of lawfulness of countermeasures under customary international law and explains th
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Hanioğlu, M. Şükrü. From Wars to the Great War: A Hero Is Born. Princeton University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691175829.003.0005.

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This chapter looks at Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's quest for heroism. As he expressed it in a personal letter to a female friend, he had “grand desires” to render extraordinary services to his homeland. Circumstances, however, were not yet favorable to the realization of that ambition. Up until the Great War, he remained an obscure figure little known outside the circle of young Committee of Union and Progress's (CUP) officers. The German-inspired reorganization of the Ottoman military on the eve of the Great War paved the way for Mustafa Kemal's ascendance. Like many of his colleagues, he agreed w
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Davies, Benjamin K. Fantasy, Denial, and Virtual Reality in Mahler’s Fourth Symphony. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199316090.003.0001.

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The Fourth Symphony has almost invariably been seen as innocent and optimistic: an evocation of past elegance and a vision of future happiness. In this context the literary and musical text of the last movement is seen to prompt ‘retrospective enlightenment’ in performance, causing us to reappraise our understanding of the first three movements. Yet the musical surface is not entirely placid and untroubled: even the exposition of the first movement is rife with discontinuities in texture, orchestration and thematic development. This chapter will suggest that the first movement of the Fourth mi
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Shiffrin, Seana Valentine. Accommodation, Equality, and the Liar. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691157023.003.0006.

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This chapter examines the regulation of autobiographical lies told outside circumstances of heightened testimonial importance in relation to the political values of equality and an under-theorized form of accommodation. It considers the range of values encapsulated by our practices of accommodation to emphasize the undernoticed social and legal phenomenon of accommodating moral wrongs. It argues that although legal regulation of some autobiographical lies may not offend freedom of speech, it may offend equality. The chapter starts its argument for legal accommodation of moral imperfection with
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Roger, Mccormick, and Stears Chris. Part VIII Examples of Legal Risk, 27 Vague Laws. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198749271.003.0028.

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This chapter continues the discussion of examples of legal risk, focusing on over-ambitious legislation, the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (POCA 2002), and market abuse. In the UK, there is a tendency pass laws with ambitious titles, that suggest they can, for example, ‘prevent’ fraud or terrorism. However, the truth of the matter is that no amount of legislation will ever eradicate bad behaviour simply by making it an offence. Over time, legislation may have an influence on moral perceptions in society and that, in turn, may affect the way a substantial number of people behave. One example of ov
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Berkey, Jonathan. Women and Gender in Islamic Traditions. Edited by Judith Bennett and Ruth Karras. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199582174.013.018.

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Gender was a critical factor in the Islamic tradition, especially in its law. That law was shaped by the Qur'an, the practice of Muhammad and his companions as known through hadith, the status of women in Arabia at the rise of Islam, but even more by the customs and attitudes of people living in those regions outside Arabia conquered by the early Muslim Arabs. From them, Muslims adopted practices segregating and secluding women. These practices and the misogynist attitudes behind them confirmed in Islamic law a gendered hierarchy of rights, although particular social circumstances might mitiga
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Olsen, Jan Abel. Exogenous determinants of health. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794837.003.0006.

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This chapter considers some determinants that lie completely outside of people’s own control. For such exogenous causes of ill health, the unlucky ones cannot be held responsible for their misfortune. Still, some of these causes are avoidable, in the sense that effective policy interventions exist. Biological variations are in general unavoidable. The chapter investigates two types of determinants associated with early life circumstances. The most systematic health difference that an individual is affected by is whether born a boy or girl: women live 5–6% longer than men. Childhood differences
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Book chapters on the topic "Outside circumstances"

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Bazin, Ashley, and Christelle Saintis. "Rezistans Klimatik: Building Climate Change Resilience in Haiti through Educational Radio Programming." In Education and Climate Change. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57927-2_4.

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AbstractIn this chapter we address the challenge of responding to climate-related issues for vulnerable nations such as Haiti by adopting a non-formal radio-based approach to educate adults outside of the school system. We argue that to inform populations on climate change, we cannot solely rely on the K-12 school system. This is especially true for countries such as Haiti. where there is an inadequate education infrastructure, and much of the population, both juveniles, and adults, is not in school or has not attended school for some time. The effects of climate change are changing the lives of people globally, and third-world nations such as Haiti are even more susceptible to climate-related disasters. Given the severity of ongoing circumstances, a sense of urgency is necessary, and addressing the issue requires an approach that has a far, broad and rapid reach and concludes in immediate climate action as opposed to delayed. In order to efficiently respond to climate-related events, a population needs to build resilience through awareness, understanding, and skill development in the context of the country and region, which in this chapter is specifically Port-au-Prince, Haiti.
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Allen, Warwick J. "Indirect biotic interactions of plant invasions with native plants and animals." In Plant invasions: the role of biotic interactions. CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242171.0308.

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Abstract Invasive plants often occur at high densities and tend to be highly generalist in their interactions with herbivores, pathogens, mycorrhiza, endophytes and pollinators. These characteristics mean that invasive plants should frequently participate in diverse indirect biotic interactions with the surrounding community, mediated by their direct interaction partners (e.g. antagonists and mutualists). Indirect interactions play an important role in many ecological processes, yet we still lack a systematic understanding of the circumstances under which they influence the success and impacts of invasive species. In this chapter, I first describe several of the indirect interaction pathways that are commonly encountered in invasion biology and review their contribution to the impacts of plant invasions on co-occurring species. The literature review revealed that there are now many case studies describing various indirect impacts of invasive plants. However, identical interaction motifs (e.g. plant-enemy-plant, plant-mutualist-plant) can bring about several possible outcomes, depending upon each species' provenance, relative abundances and interaction strengths, abiotic resource availability, spatial and temporal scale and the influence of other species. Moreover, knowledge gaps identified include a lack of studies of indirect facilitation outside of plant-pollinator systems, limited consideration of indirect invader impacts on other non-native species, and the scarcity of generalizable results to date. Second, I integrate the literature with some trending research areas in invasion biology (interaction networks, biogeography, invasion dynamics) and identify some potential future research directions. Finally, I discuss how knowledge about indirect biotic interactions could be incorporated into the management of invasive plants.
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Palchetti, Paolo. "Right of Access to (Italian) Courts über alles? Legal Implications Beyond Germany’s Jurisdictional Immunity." In Remedies against Immunity? Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62304-6_2.

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AbstractThe main consequence of Sentenza 238/2014 is that Germany has been denied jurisdictional immunities before Italian courts. However, the inflexible conception of the right of access to courts adopted by the Corte Costituzionale gives rise to a number of questions that go well beyond the issue at stake in Judgment 238/2014. First, there is the issue of whether the right of access to justice should also prevail over the international customary rule on immunity from execution. Secondly, one may ask whether the need to protect the right provided by Article 24 of the Italian Constitution could trump the criteria established by Italian law for exercising civil jurisdiction in order to allow access to justice in respect to all international crimes, even those committed outside Italian territory and involving individuals having no link to Italy. Finally, there is the question of whether a sacrifice of the right of access to justice would be justified if alternative, non-judicial means of redress were available to the victims; in particular, whether an alternative means of redress should in any case ensure to each and every individual victim full compensation or whether instead, in light of the specific circumstances of the case—the fact that the crimes occurred in the course of an international armed conflict affecting hundreds of thousands of victims—such alternative means could provide only symbolic compensation based on a lump sum settlement. This chapter aims at exploring these and possibly other issues arising in connection to the broad interpretation of the principle of access to justice given by the Corte Costituzionale.
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Voetelink, Joop. "Limits on the Extraterritoriality of United States Export Control and Sanctions Legislation." In NL ARMS. T.M.C. Asser Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-471-6_11.

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AbstractThe sovereignty of states is reflected in the notion of jurisdiction, empowering them to enact and enforce laws and regulations, and to adjudicate disputes in court. The jurisdiction of states and the exercise thereof is primarily territorial, limiting the exercise of state authority to their respective national territories except in specific situations. However, in an increasingly globalized and interconnected world, it would be hard to maintain that a state should be denied the right to exercise its sovereign powers beyond national borders when there are reasonable grounds for doing so. Consequently, the exercise of extraterritorial legislative jurisdiction has become more accepted, although it is limited to particular situations and circumstances. These have to do with the exercise of jurisdiction over nationals, vessels and aircraft registered in or pertaining to the legislating state, as well as certain activities aimed at undermining the state’s security or solvency or which constitute crimes under international law. However, in principle it is not allowed to regulate activities of foreign nationals or entities operating wholly outside the legislating state’s territory. One area where this has become increasingly prevalent is through the exercise of export controls over foreign nationals and legal persons. The United States (US) has long been engaged in the exercise of this type of extraterritorial jurisdiction and is, without doubt, the state that is most proactive in doing so. This chapter considers US extraterritorial claims with respect to its export control and sanctions legislation and explores the limits of this practice under public international law.
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Vermorken, Jan B. "Where and when to Use Induction Chemotherapy in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer." In Critical Issues in Head and Neck Oncology. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63234-2_11.

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AbstractThe treatment of locoregionally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (LA-HNSCC) is reviewed, highlighting the milestones in systemic therapy in that setting, with focus on the role of induction chemotherapy (ICT). The road to what is now considered the standard ICT regimen, i.e. the TPF (docetaxel/cisplatin/5-FU) regimen is described, and the differences between the European and the American TPF are discussed. The article describes the respective roles of ICT for larynx preservation, for treatment intensification, its role in patients with borderline resectable or unresectable oral cavity cancer, its role as a selection tool for radiotherapy dose de-escalation in patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer (OPSCC) and its potential future role in strategies aiming at synchronous oligometastatic disease.ICT has an established role for organ preservation in advanced laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer and the TPF regimen has been validated in that setting. This approach is presently being compared in a randomized controlled trial to concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT), which in many parts of the world is considered the standard organ preservation procedure. There remains uncertainty about the benefit of the sequential approach of ICT followed by CCRT, despite the fact that ICT significantly reduces the occurrence of distant metastases. It is advised that future studies should include patients who have the highest risk to develop distant metastases, in particular patients with low neck nodes and matted nodes. Moreover, further studies in patients with HPV-associated OPSCC at risk for distant failure (T4 or N3 disease) should be considered for that also. These approaches still need to be confirmed in adequately sized randomized controlled trials. Outside clinical trials, the utility of ICT is restricted to uniquely pragmatic clinical scenarios, such as unavoidable delay in radiation or in the situation that RT is not tolerated or feasible. This can happen when there is severe pain from advanced disease or there is impending airway compromise or neurologic dysfunction that necessitates rapid initiation of treatment. In all those circumstances whether within the context of trials or outside trials, it is imperative that the present backbone of ICT, the TPF regimen, is being administered by experienced oncologists, familiar with the necessary protocols and supportive care requirements to ensure patient safety and maximize adherence throughout the treatment.Future areas of research are the role of ICT in strategies whereby ICT is combined with upfront metastases-directed treatments and the usefulness of targeted agents or immune checkpoint inhibitors in the induction setting. Studies in that direction have already started. Finally, the application of radiographic, proteomic and genomic biomarkers will get attention to further define prognostic groups and guide treatment selection with greater precision.
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Boon, Maurits S., and Colin T. Huntley. "Special Circumstances." In Upper Airway Stimulation Therapy for Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197521625.003.0012.

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Upper airway stimulation (UAS) has emerged as a viable alternative to treat obstructive sleep apnea in select patients who cannot tolerate continuous positive airway pressure. This chapter discusses special populations and circumstances that may impact care of patients using UAS. Topics addressed include women receiving implants, patients with Down syndrome, left-sided implants, replacement of an internal pulse generator, revision surgery, use of UAS with other implanted medical devices, and implants outside of indications approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Evidence is provided where applicable, but for many of the situations detailed, limited published data are available; the information provided represents consensus and expert opinion.
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Hesketh, Therese, and Zhou Xudong. "Children in difficult circumstances." In Oxford Textbook of Global Health of Women, Newborns, Children, and Adolescents. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198794684.003.0040.

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There is no agreed definition for children in difficult circumstances. Generally these are children who live outside the norms of mainstream society, and lack the care and protection of adults. The major causes are poverty and disruption of family support systems. The types of children who are classified as living in difficult circumstances include: working children, especially those involved in hazardous or dangerous conditions, children living on the street, children affected by conflict, such as refugees and child soldiers, children who are sexually abused or exploited (including within marriage), orphans, child carers, and children in prison. Accurate estimates for the numbers of children affected globally are impossible to obtain, but around 120 million children alone are thought to be in some form of employment, with the highest prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa. Children living in difficult circumstances suffer immediate and long-term risks to their health and educational attainment, as well as their lifelong prospects.
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Alison, Laurence J., Geraldine Noone, Frances Surmon-Böhr, Neil D. Shortland, Emily K. Alison, and Paul Christiansen. "ORBIT Outside the Room." In ORBIT. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780197545959.003.0007.

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This chapter is concerned with individual and social factors that may influence suspects’ decision-making during police interviews, as well as with the procedural and contextual landscape in which the interviews take place. The focus is on presenting descriptive data on a sample of 20 terrorist organization and organized criminal gang suspects and data regarding individual and contextual factors relating to each suspect in the sample. These factors include fear, status and relationship, criminal background, legal advice, strength of evidence, timing of arrest, type or circumstances of arrest or detention, and duration between offense and arrest. Using these outside-the-room factors as a framework, this chapter provides descriptive data on these factors as it pertained to the 20 suspects in the sample as well as data on the outcome of the process. The interviews with the suspects are also examined to identify and present instances of these factors arising in interactions between police interviewers and the suspects.
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Lipscomb, Suzannah. "Sex." In The Voices of Nimes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797661.003.0007.

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Section 1 considers sexual intercourse outside marriage, known as paillardise. Drawing on two hundred cases, it examines attitudes to sexual sin and the circumstances that aroused suspicion. It looks at the prevalence of sex after engagement, and how sex acted as a step in marriage formation, meaning women could be lured into sex by promises to marry. It also considers sex outside the context of promises to marry, and the cohabitation of unmarried couples. Section 2 considers over a hundred cases of sexual assault, many outside the legal contemporary definition of rape. It considers the identity of the predators, the circumstances of sexual abuse, the use of force and coercion, plus threats, promises, and persuasion. It also considers sexual assault in the context of conditional consent, the consequences of assault for women, and women’s strategies in the context of rape and abuse. It finishes by looking at false accusations.
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"Action Projection." In The Illusion of Conscious Will, edited by Daniel M. Wegner. The MIT Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262534925.003.0006.

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This chapter considers the inclination that people have in certain circumstances to project actions they have caused onto plausible agents outside themselves. These outside agents can be imaginary, as when people attribute their actions to spirits or other entities. The focus in this chapter is the more observable case of action projection to agents who are real—individual persons, groups of people, or sometimes animals. When people impute their actions to such agents, they engage in a curious charade in which they behave on behalf of others or groups without knowing that they are actually causing what they see the agents are doing. It is important to understand how this can happen—how things people have done can escape their accounting efforts and seem to them to be authored by others outside themselves.
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Conference papers on the topic "Outside circumstances"

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Ji, Fang, Guide Deng, Liang Sun, Hongchao Suo, and Junwei Yang. "A Simplified Calculation Method for the Wall Temperatures of Pressure Vessels With Insulating Layers." In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-65712.

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Wall temperatures are a necessary part of the design conditions for pressure vessels. Thermal analysis by numerical simulation is widely used to compute the wall temperatures and thermal stresses of the pressure vessels, and insulation layers outside the pressure vessels are normally included in numerical models to predict more accurate results. However, modeling and meshing the insulation layers introduces more work to designers and more cost to enterprises. In this paper, a simplified calculation method for the wall temperatures of the pressure vessels with insulating layers is presented. An
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Nishino, Takafumi, Hajime Komori, Hiroshi Iwai, and Kenjiro Suzuki. "Development of a Comprehensive Numerical Model for Analyzing a Tubular-Type Indirect Internal Reforming SOFC." In ASME 2003 1st International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2003-1763.

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A numerical model for analyzing a tubular-type Indirect Internal Reforming Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (IIR-SOFC), which is expected to become one of the most important power generators in the near future, was developed. The model simultaneously treats momentum, heat and mass transfer, fuel reforming, electrochemical phenomena and an electric circuit. Calculations for the gas flow fields inside and outside the cell tube are conducted with a two-dimensional cylindrical coordinate system adopting the axisymmetric assumption. At the same time, the electric current field in the cell tube is calculated w
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Brown, T. B., T. A. Dauda, C. E. Truman, and D. J. Smith. "Advanced Post Weld Treatment of a Repair Weld in an Austenitic Header." In ASME 2005 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2005-71768.

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The repair or replacement of nuclear power components outwith code is a very cumbersome, costly and time consuming exercise which is responsible for long plant shut down time and corresponding loss of electricity production. The aim of the European Union sponsored project ENPOWER was to produce advanced repair techniques and procedures for application in such circumstances to improve the integrity and life of the component and eliminate the need for expensive and sometimes difficult to execute global Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT). This paper describes the development and validation of an Alt
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Jalali, Vahid, David Leake, and Najmeh Forouzandehmehr. "Learning and Applying Case Adaptation Rules for Classification: An Ensemble Approach." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/685.

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The ability of case-based reasoning systems to solve novel problems depends on their capability to adapt past solutions to new circumstances. However, acquiring the knowledge required for case adaptation is a classic challenge for CBR. This motivates the use of machine learning methods to generate adaptation knowledge. A popular approach uses the case difference heuristic (CDH) to generate adaptation rules from pairs of cases in the case base, based on the premise that the observed differences in case solutions result from the differences in the problems they solve, so can form the basic of ru
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Elmegaard, Brian, and Bjo̸rn Qvale. "Regenerative Gas Turbines With Divided Expansion." In ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-54225.

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Recuperated gas turbines are currently drawing an increased attention due to the recent commercialization of micro gas turbines with recuperation. This system may reach a high efficiency even for the small units of less than 100kW. In order to improve the economics of the plants, ways to improve their efficiency are always of interest. Recently, two independent studies have proposed recuperated gas turbines to be configured with the turbine expansion divided, in order to obtain higher efficiency. The idea is to operate the system with a gas generator and a power turbine, and use the gas from t
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Huang, Wei, Weitao Du, and Richard Yi Da Xu. "On the Neural Tangent Kernel of Deep Networks with Orthogonal Initialization." In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/355.

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The prevailing thinking is that orthogonal weights are crucial to enforcing dynamical isometry and speeding up training. The increase in learning speed that results from orthogonal initialization in linear networks has been well-proven. However, while the same is believed to also hold for nonlinear networks when the dynamical isometry condition is satisfied, the training dynamics behind this contention have not been thoroughly explored. In this work, we study the dynamics of ultra-wide networks across a range of architectures, including Fully Connected Networks (FCNs) and Convolutional Neural
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Lipnicki, Zygmunt, and Rafeł Pa˛zik. "Heat Transfer and Temperature Distribution Outside the Borehole." In ASME 2008 9th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2008-59591.

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In this paper a theoretical analysis of the non-stationary distribution of temperature outside a borehole in the ground is presented. The ground, surrounding the cylinder, is the source to heat or cool the medium flowing inside the cylinder. Direction of temperature distribution in the ground depends on the circumstance if the cylinder is responsible for heating or cooling. The discussion will concern the effect of an accumulation of heat in time by the deposit (ground) and the distance from the borehole to the place where there is no heat exchange, as well as the influence of temperature dist
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Meckler, Milton. "Design for Sustainable Data Center Energy Use and Eco-Footprint." In ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90116.

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What does remain a growing concern for many users of Data Centers is their continuing availability following the explosive growth of internet services in recent years, The recent maximizing of Data Center IT virtualization investments has resulted in improving the consolidation of prior (under utilized) server and cabling resources resulting in higher overall facility utilization and IT capacity. It has also resulted in excessive levels of equipment heat release, e.g. high energy (i.e. blade type) servers and telecommunication equipment, that challenge central and distributed air conditioning
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Zhu, Qilun, Robert Prucka, Shu Wang, Michael Prucka, and Hussein Dourra. "Control Oriented Modelling of Engine IMEP Variation." In ASME 2016 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2016-9342.

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Engine cycle-by-cycle combustion variation is a potential source of emissions and drivability issues in automobiles, and has become an important concern for engine control engineers. The nature of turbulent combustion in IC engines means that combustion variations cannot be eliminated completely. Furthermore, it is inevitable for the engine to run at conditions with high combustion variations in most vehicle applications. For example, during gear shifts spark timing can be changed dramatically to help track the fast transitions of torque demand, often resulting in high Coefficient of Variation
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Geddes, Brian, Chris Wenzel, Michael Owen, Mark Gardiner, and Julie Brown. "Remediation of Canada’s Historic Haul Route for Radium and Uranium Ores: The Northern Transportation Route." In ASME 2011 14th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2011-59303.

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Established in the 1930s, the Northern Transportation Route (NTR) served to transport pitchblende ore 2,200 km from the Port Radium Mine in Canada’s Northwest Territories to Fort McMurray in Alberta. From there, the ore was shipped 3,000 km by rail to the Town of Port Hope, Ontario, where it was refined for its radium content and used for medical purposes. Later, transport and refinement focussed on uranium. The corridor of lakes, rivers, portages and roads that made up the NTR included a number of transfer points, where ore was unloaded and transferred to other barges or trucks. Ore was occas
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