Relevant bibliographies by topics / Outside director

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Outside director'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Outside director"

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Heidrick, Gardner W. "Selecting Outside Directors." Family Business Review 1, no. 3 (1988): 271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1988.00271.x.

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What characteristics are needed in outside directors, and where should the family look for such individuals? A recognized authority on director search shares his opinions in these areas and outlines the selection process.
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Seok, Woonam. "Analysis on Outside Director Election." Korean Journal of Law and Economics 17, no. 2 (2020): 453–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.46758/kjle.2020.08.17.2.453.

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Brooks, Deanna S., David J. Taylor, and Kevin Watts. "Executive and Outside Director Benetits." Compensation & Benefits Review 31, no. 6 (1999): 15–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/088636879903100603.

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Ying, Chen, and Sidney Leung. "Director ownership, outside directors and commitment to corporate social responsibility." Corporate Board role duties and composition 7, no. 1 (2011): 66–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cbv7i1art6.

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This paper examines the effects of director ownership and the proportion of outside directors on firms’ commitment to corporate social responsibility (CSR). Using a sample of 453 Hong Kong listed companies for 2005, we find that there is a non-linear relationship between the level of director ownership and firms’ engagement in CSR behavior. Commitment to CSR first increases as the proportion of director ownership increases up to 50% and then decreases as that proportion of ownership grows higher. Further, the proportion of outside directors on the board exhibits a positive relationship with the level of CSR commitment. These results provide explanations for firms’ commitment to CSR from the corporate governance perspective.
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Veltrop, Dennis B., Eric Molleman, Reggy Hooghiemstra, and Hans van Ees. "The Relationship Between Tenure and Outside Director Task Involvement: A Social Identity Perspective." Journal of Management 44, no. 2 (2015): 445–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0149206315579510.

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Drawing from corporate governance research and social identity theory, the authors argue that the relationship between outside directors’ time in office and outside director task involvement is more complex than generally anticipated. By using a unique multisource data set composed of peer ratings provided by fellow outside directors rating a focal director’s task involvement, this study analyzes director task involvement at the individual director level of analysis. The authors propose and empirically demonstrate that outside director tenure has an inverted U-shaped relationship with outside director task involvement that is moderated by a director’s social identification with the organization. As such, the authors demonstrate that social identification with the organization provides a critical contingency for the curvilinear relationship between outside director tenure and outside director task involvement. Findings suggest that outside directors who socially identify with the organization are more likely to grow “stale in the saddle” at lower levels of tenure. These findings provide support for the merit of analyzing outside directors at the individual level of analysis and suggest that a “one-size-fits-all” approach may not be most appropriate in assessing the effects of tenure on outside director functioning.
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Chen, Sheng-Syan, Yan-Shing Chen, Jun-Koo Kang, and Shu-Cing Peng. "Board structure, director expertise, and advisory role of outside directors." Journal of Financial Economics 138, no. 2 (2020): 483–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.05.008.

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Joo, Soo-Ig. "Strategies for an Outside Director System in Holding Companies - Centering on Appointment of Outside Directors -." Legal Studies Institute of Chosun University 22, no. 3 (2015): 155–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18189/isicu.2015.22.3.155.

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Gogolin, Fabian, Mark Cummins, and Michael Dowling. "The value of director reputation: Evidence from outside director appointments." Finance Research Letters 27 (December 2018): 266–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2018.03.012.

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Black, Bernard S., Brian R. Cheffins, and Michael Klausner. "Outside Director Liability: A Policy Analysis." Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics 162, no. 1 (2006): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1628/093245606776166543.

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Boyd, Brian K. "Determinants of US Outside Director Compensation." Corporate Governance: An International Review 4, no. 4 (1996): 202–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8683.1996.tb00149.x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Outside director"

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Lipman, Trevor. "The role of the independent non-executive director in Australia." Doctoral thesis, Australia : Macquarie University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/28880.

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Thesis (DBA)--Macquarie University, Graduate School of Management, 2008.<br>Bibliography: p. 275-289.<br>Company directors have been in existence for more than four hundred years. In the past, they were considered to be a necessary part of corporate existence, and were usually appointed to a board by the CEO or chairman. However, they were usually mates from the 'boys club' and gained their position from whom they knew, and not from what they were capable of contributing. The appointment of independent directors became more normal, as shareholders looked for a way to wrest control back from management. But what independent directors really do and why they are there is not widely understood. A review of the literature relative to independent directors has identified a gap in the knowledge. This gap is the role of the independent director when considered from a commercial aspect; that is, those who observe or write about independent directors. --This thesis has attempted to generate a theory of the role of the independent director through a review of the literature and a subsequent series of interviews. Grounded theory was the chosen methodology for analysing the data and formulating a theory of the role because it allows the researcher to ground the theory in the data instead of establishing a hypothesis and testing it. --The resulting theory is more complex than it first appears. It was found that the primary role of the independent director is to improve the performance of the board and the company. This role is impacted by a number of factors, the two most influential being the information that is available to the independent directors, and the position of the company. This second factor is defined as the size of the company, where it is in its life cycle, and whether it is experiencing any significant change. --These findings enable a number of recommendations to be made to improve policy and practice, recognising the impact of information and company position on the ability of independent directors to contribute positively. It also raises several areas of further study to continue to refine the understanding of the role of the independent nonexecutive director in Australia. These include, among others, investigating the role from other viewpoints such as the board chair or company secretary, or researching the link between company position and information available to independent directors.<br>Mode of access: World Wide Web.<br>xiii, 303 p. ill
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Lai, Brian Y. "Are Independent Directors Effective Corporate Monitors? - An Analysis of the Empirical Evidence in the USA and Canada." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31018.

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This thesis explores whether independent directors in the USA and Canada are effective in holding management accountable by: (1) analyzing how the policy of relying on independent directors developed and operates; (2) introducing the main theoretical critiques of independent directors’ monitoring effect; and (3) examining whether empirical studies in the field of management science and financial economics support the policy in both countries of relying on independent directors as corporate monitors. Empirical evidence shows that boards with a majority of independent directors, in some circumstances, were associated with better firm performance (in the post-SOX period) and fulfilled certain board tasks effectively in the United States. Canadian studies, however, have not shown a positive association with improved firm performance. Audit committees composed entirely of independent directors have been effective in ensuring the quality of financial reporting in the United States, but this effect has not been found in Canada. Compensation committees composed fully of independent directors neither constrained the level of executive compensation nor tied CEO pay to firm performance in either country. US firms with an audit committee member who had accounting expertise, rather than financial analysis or supervisory expertise, were associated with a higher quality of financial reporting, while Canadian firms with an audit committee member who has financial expertise, instead of financial literacy, were associated with a similar effect. Studies also showed that independent directors perform better in certain circumstances. Based on empirical evidence, US regulators should consider: (1) changing the current mandatory requirements for an independent board and a completely independent compensation committee to a comply-or-explain requirement; (2) narrowing the qualification of a financial expert to an individual who has accounting expertise; and (3) recruiting independent directors who have two or fewer outside directorships, hold more of the corporation’s shares, have lower cost of acquiring corporate information, and have no social connections with the CEO. In Canada, weak evidence of the monitoring effectiveness of independent directors supports the existing comply-or-explain approach. Canadian regulators may only need to require or recommend that at least one audit committee member has financial expertise, instead of only financial literacy.
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Jenkins, Kerry Claire. "Outside directors experience and the effect on company value : a South African study." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/outside-directors-experience-and-the-effect-on-company-value-a-south-african-study(cba327db-83af-43e2-ab44-e3da8a0bb5a8).html.

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In this thesis I investigate the impact of outside directors experience on company value. I do so by looking at a clear event, company delistings in the time period 2003 to 2011 in South Africa, a country with arguably imperfect institutions. Based on qualitative and quantitative research I am able to establish that director experience is indeed associated with company value. The qualitative analysis is based on semi-structured interviews with over 30 highly experienced, independent non-executive directors who have/had seats on over 150 South African listed company boards. Their responses confirm resource theory dependency and provide information on the nature of experience, its relevance during delisting and under other circumstances, as well as insight into the type of experience lacking on boards in corporate South Africa. The results of this research can be of practical use to nomination committees and has implications for future South African governance code reforms and/or guidelines.
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Mokale, Tebogo. "Does contrarian trading by directors provide a signal to outside investors for future abnormal returns in South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24877.

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Directors of listed companies earn abnormal returns by trading in a contrarian manner. This research report investigated whether outside investors can earn abnormal returns by following director contrarian trades. The returns to directors and outsiders, following a director trade were analysed using the event study methodology. The event study methodology utilised director trading information from SENS announcements on the JSE Securities Exchange, daily share prices, betas and price to book values for the selected companies, and daily all share index prices. The focus of the analysis was the post trade Cumulative Average Abnormal Returns (CAAR), in the 20 days following the director trade. The overall CAAR for all transactions was a statistically significant but economically insignificant 0.43%. When viewed from a transaction type perspective, the CAAR was 0.72% and 0.44% for purchases and sales transactions respectively. This study shows that while directors of listed South African companies do earn abnormal returns, they do not do so while consistently trading in a contrarian manner. In fact, transactions not deemed contrarian generated higher abnormal returns for directors. In addition, the study shows that outside investors do not earn abnormal returns by mimicking directors, and actually, their following of director trades generates the abnormal returns for directors. Copyright<br>Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2011.<br>Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)<br>unrestricted
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Horner, Stephen V. "Director ties, board experience, and firm strategic outcomes board experience effects on post-acquisition performance /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4489.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.<br>The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on August 1, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
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Östberg, Joel, and Jonas Gunningberg. "Board of directors’ relationship to environmental sustainability: Differences between insiders and outsiders : A study of inside and outside board members’ cognition and reasoning when engaging in environmental sustainability issues." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-226593.

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The aim of this study is to investigate how inside and outside directors differ in their cognition and reasoning in regards to environmental sustainability issues. The theoretical background derives from a cognitive view and Stakeholder theory. The paper is further based on current research regarding insiders’ and outsiders’ relationship to environmental sustainability. In order to capture the cognition and reasoning of insiders and outsiders, a Think-aloud study was conducted, interviewing a total of 20 board members in the food industry. Results from this study showed that, when faced with environmental issues, outsiders are more likely to request, repeat, ponder as well as clarify the information given. Secondly, outsiders are more likely to consider a long-term perspective. Thirdly, outsiders are more likely to consider an environmental view. Lastly, both insiders and outsiders use analogical reasoning when contemplating around environmental issues. However, insiders are more likely to draw experience from their current position or company while outsiders are more likely to draw experience from outside their current position or company when solving environmental issues.
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Lester, Richard H. "A road less traveled Investigating the outside directors of America's corporate boards /." Diss., Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969/493.

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Prinz, Enrico. "Les effets des liens personnels interconseils sur la performance de l'entreprise : une analyse comparée entre France et Allemagne." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00575613.

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Bien que le thème des liens interconseils fasse régulièrement l'objet de discussions supposant un effet disciplinaire négatif du cumul de mandats, l'inventaire de la littérature empirique ne permet pas d'obtenir une image claire concernant l'impact des réseaux d'administrateurs sur la performance des entreprises liées. La divergence des résultats s'explique tant par la mobilisation de grilles théoriques négligeant des éléments importants des liens personnels, que des divers critères utilisés pour mesurer la création de valeur. Dans l'objectif d'obtenir des réponses plus concluantes concernant l'impact du partage d'administrateurs communs sur la création de valeur de la firme, nous avons modélisé, à l'aide d'une structure théorique " bi-céphale ", les contributions potentielles des liens interconseils à la performance. Notre modèle repose sur la théorie synthétique de la gouvernance. Il mobilise deux voies d'intervention disciplinaire (la surcharge temporelle des " cumulards " et l'effet de réputation exercé par le marché du travail des administrateurs externe) et trois leviers cognitifs (l'apport d'informations et de connaissances, l'apport de compétences généralistes et spécifiques, ainsi que leur combinaison et l'exploitation). À ces facteurs s'ajoutent différentes variables médiatrices et de contrôle. Pour tester la validité de notre modèle, nous avons mené une étude empirico-comparative des liens interconseils existant entre les plus grandes entreprises françaises et allemandes, observés sur la période 2001-2005. Dans la partie descriptive, nous avons examiné, tant pour un échantillon bi-national que pour des sous-échantillons, les caractéristiques des réseaux d'administrateurs contemporains de part et d'autre du Rhin. La partie empirique teste, à l'aide de régressions en données de panel, l'influence des liens sur deux mesures de performance (un critère ex ante et un indicateur ex post). Les tests montrent que les effets de liens interconseils varient selon le type de mandats cumulés. De surcroît, le modèle confirme les contributions supposées importantes des administrateurs multimandats en termes cognitifs et leur impact majoritairement favorable sur la création de valeur. L'anticipation des effets des liens interconseils par les marchés s'avère plus forte que ce que montre l'analyse de leur influence sur la mesure de performance ex post.
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Li, Ting. "Does Chinese outside directors' use of Guanxi affect their independence and fiduciary duties?" Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/does-chinese-outside-directors-use-of-guanxi-affect-their-independence-and-fiduciary-duties(e5688f5e-5b51-49e2-b976-e83dc101d920).html.

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As China has become one of the largest economic entities in the world, many studies focus on corporate governance in China. In 2001, the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) transplanted the outside director mechanism from the United States and the United Kingdom. CSRC hoped that outside directors could play a control role to monitor the behaviours of controlling shareholders, protecting the interests of minority shareholders. However, since it was established, the Chinese outside director mechanism has played an unsatisfactory control role because they are not truly independent of the controlling shareholders. In contrast, many Chinese outside directors use their Guanxi connections (a particular kind of social connections in China) to play a resource acquisition role very well. Based on the theories of the firm, the resource dependence theory, studies of Guanxi and the path dependence theory, this thesis finds that when Chinese outside directors use their Guanxi connections to play their resource acquisition role, their independence and fiduciary duties required by CSRC is compromised.
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Björklund, Frida, and Hanna Dahlström. "Why have an Active Board of Directors? : A Quantitative Study of SMEs." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-124661.

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In Sweden all limited liability companies are required to have a board of directors. The board of directors’ task is to manage the business of the firm, but in recent years boards have been subjected to critical review in the media, questioning the tasks and structure of the board. Further, there are differences in the regulations regarding limited liability companies, depending on whether they are private or public companies. Moreover, a majority of the research within the area of corporate governance has been conducted on public companies. However, corporate governance in small and medium sized enterprises (SME) has in the last 30 years become a field of interest. Several scholars and doctorates have used different board roles to explain e.g. the tasks, demographics, and financial performance. The board roles are mainly derived from the agency-, resource dependence-, and stewardship theory. Many papers have come to the conclusion that a board of directors who performs their task, and/or have a certain board demography is beneficial to the firm. Hence, the board and its activity is of importance, however, a general image is conveyed that boards in SMEs rarely are active, but rather are seen as a necessary mean in order to have a firm. Due to this, the research question in this thesis is: What motivates small and medium sized firms to have an active board and are boards in Norr- and Västerbotten active? The criteria for having an active board has been derived from antecedent research and are further recommendations from StyrelseAkademien. Three different board roles have been used with the purpose of explaining the motivation behind having an active board. Further, this thesis has had a quantitative method, and in order to gather data a survey was sent out to board members in Norr- and Västerbotten. The results show that the motivation behind having an active board cannot be explained through the roles network and service of the board. The control role could partly explain the motivation behind having an active board of directors in SMEs in Norr- and Västerbotten, having a negative relationship to board activity. Moreover, due to the opposing results in terms of whether or not boards are active, an unambiguous answer could not be found. However, 49.1 percent of the sample is considered to be active. Lastly, the finding support that in order to have an active board, the firm must recognize a need to include outside directors.
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Books on the topic "Outside director"

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Engel, Pascal. Outside Director Compensation in German Public Family Firms. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-07316-9.

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Kraakman, Reinier H. Reinventing the outside director: An agenda for institutional investors. Law and Economics Programme, Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 1991.

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Kim, Chu-tʻae. Determinants and internal mechanism of outside director in Korea. Hanʾguk Haksul Chŏngbo, 2006.

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Du li dong shi zhi du, zhi li xing wei yu ji li ji zhi yan jiu: The research on the independent director system, corporate governance behaviors and incentive mechanism. Zhongguo she hui ke xue chu ban she, 2010.

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Kraakman, Reinier H. Rewarding outside directors. Law and Economics Programme, Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 2006.

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Hamdani, Assaf. Rewarding outside directors. Harvard Law School, 2007.

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Hamdani, Assaf. Rewarding outside directors. Harvard Law School, 2007.

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Du li dong shi zhi du yu kuai ji tou ming du xiang guan xing de shi zheng yan jiu. Jing ji ke xue chu ban she, 2007.

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Zhongguo du li dong shi jian du ji zhi yan jiu: Li lun fen xi yu shi zheng jian yan = Zhongguo dulidongshi jiandu jizhi yanjiu. Zhongguo jing ji chu ban she, 2007.

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Wo guo shang shi gong si du li dong shi zhi du yan jiu. Xi nan shi fan da xue chu ban she, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Outside director"

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Engel, Pascal. "Introduction." In Outside Director Compensation in German Public Family Firms. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-07316-9_1.

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Engel, Pascal. "Theoretical Foundation." In Outside Director Compensation in German Public Family Firms. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-07316-9_2.

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Engel, Pascal. "Dataset and Method." In Outside Director Compensation in German Public Family Firms. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-07316-9_3.

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Engel, Pascal. "Appreciating Monitoring Activities – An Analysis of Outside Director Compensation in Public Family Firms." In Outside Director Compensation in German Public Family Firms. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-07316-9_4.

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Engel, Pascal. "Voluntary Disclosure of Individual Outside Director Compensation in Public Family Firms." In Outside Director Compensation in German Public Family Firms. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-07316-9_5.

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Engel, Pascal. "Setting the Right Mix – Analyzing Outside Directors' Pay Mix in Public Family Firms." In Outside Director Compensation in German Public Family Firms. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-07316-9_6.

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Engel, Pascal. "Concluding Discussion." In Outside Director Compensation in German Public Family Firms. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-07316-9_7.

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Mariotti, J. M. "Direct Searches: Interferometric Methods." In Planets Outside the Solar System: Theory and Observations. Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4623-4_18.

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Thomas, Joss J., Keira P. Mason, Keira P. Mason, and Keira P. Mason. "The Anesthesia Directed Sedation Service: Models, Protocols, and Challenges." In Pediatric Sedation Outside of the Operating Room. Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09714-5_12.

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Thomas, Joss. "The Anesthesia-Directed Sedation Service: Models, Protocols, and Challenges." In Pediatric Sedation Outside of the Operating Room. Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1390-9_14.

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Conference papers on the topic "Outside director"

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Hua Wang and Xianyu Wang. "Outside director system design and analysis for the decision-making power of public projects." In 2010 2nd International Conference on Information Science and Engineering (ICISE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icise.2010.5691948.

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Shekriladze, I. G. "Boiling at Macro- and Microscale: Totally Neglected Universal Context." In ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels collocated with the ASME 2014 4th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2014-21127.

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A paper discusses consequences of the neglect of universal features of macro- and microscale boiling uncovered by the basic model “theater of a director”, such as control of developed boiling heat transfer by nucleation at microscale, regardless of the inputs and composition of individual cooling mechanisms, pumping effect of growing bubble, micro-membrane pumping, and multi-factoring phenomenon. Average effective radius of nucleation sites, representing universal characteristic length of the process, irrespective to its scale, also remained outside the attention of boiling researchers. It is shown that neglect of above fundamentals and, especially, full misunderstanding with the characteristic length, turned the sphere of boiling at mini- and microscale into a purely experimental research. Even the attempts to classify boiling channels with respect to the transverse size are deprived of physical grounds. The ways to overcome the existing deadlock situation are also addressed.
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Lipnicki, Zygmunt, and Rafeł Pa˛zik. "Heat Transfer and Temperature Distribution Outside the Borehole." In ASME 2008 9th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2008-59591.

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In this paper a theoretical analysis of the non-stationary distribution of temperature outside a borehole in the ground is presented. The ground, surrounding the cylinder, is the source to heat or cool the medium flowing inside the cylinder. Direction of temperature distribution in the ground depends on the circumstance if the cylinder is responsible for heating or cooling. The discussion will concern the effect of an accumulation of heat in time by the deposit (ground) and the distance from the borehole to the place where there is no heat exchange, as well as the influence of temperature distribution on cooling or heating effects. An analytical model was designed to determine a profile of temperature in the ground and the Nusselt number in the borehole dependents on both the time and the outward radius. An attempt is made to define the radius of the thermal influence of the.
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Kumari, Niru, Rocky Shih, Alan McReynolds, Ratnesh Sharma, Tom Christian, and Cullen Bash. "Optimization of Outside Air Cooling in Data Centers." In ASME 2011 Pacific Rim Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Systems. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2011-52132.

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Airside economizers in data centers introducing outside air directly in cold aisles or at CRAC level have been considered recently to reduce overall energy to cool IT equipment. However, such designs limit the operational envelope of free cooling based on the required supply air temperature to the IT equipment. More studies are required to optimize airside economizer layouts to increase the operation time and hence, increase the energy savings. This paper presents a case study of different outside air delivery configurations including outside air introduced in cold aisles, in plenum close to CRAC units’ supply side, at return side of CRAC units and in hot aisles. The temperature and flow fields are studied numerically and are compared to each other. Mixing of the cooler outside air with the hot air is studied to determine optimal local distribution of the outside air in a non-homogeneous data center to maximize natural cooling. The paper also quantifies the annual average performance of the outside air infrastructure to include the effects of the seasonal variations in the ambient temperature.
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5

Shon, Hyung-doh, Seok-jun Han, and Seung-chan Kang. "A Study on Direct Connection Method from Outside NAT to the Inside." In 2008 Third International Conference on Convergence and Hybrid Information Technology (ICCIT). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccit.2008.36.

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Li, Cheng, Huanran Fan, and Ruichang Zhao. "The Outside Transport Phenomena of the Passive Containment Cooling System." In ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability and the ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2013-17179.

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Based on the outside cooling of the Passive Containment Cooling System (PCCS), a simplified containment mathematical model was built and was numerically solved. Air circulation driven by natural forces for a steady condition along with the coupled thermal-hydraulic phenomena was then obtained and analyzed. Variations of humid air temperature and velocity, water film sub-cooling and heat fluxes along the flow direction were discussed and driving forces were compared to obtain the ranked important phenomena of the PCCS outside cooling. The conclusions are significant to reasonably understand the PCCS outside transport phenomena.
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He, Xiaofan, and David Wray. "AN EXPLORATION OF CHINESE STUDENTS’ SELF-DIRECTED MOBILE LEARNING OUTSIDE SCHOOL: PRACTICES AND MOTIVATION." In 13th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation. IATED, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2020.0326.

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Raoelison, Rija Nirina, Libin Lalu Koithara, and Sophie Costil. "Computational and Experimental Analysis of the Phenomenological Gas Flow Behavior and Particle Kinematics During Low Pressure Cold Spraying." In ITSC2021, edited by F. Azarmi, X. Chen, J. Cizek, et al. ASM International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2021p0229.

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Abstract In this paper; the phenomenological behaviour of gas flow and particles motion during cold spraying has been studied. Observations of particles behaviour show two features: a uniform jet over a short distance ahead of the nozzle exit and then; a progressive dispersion. These behaviours are explained using a computational analysis based on a direct numerical simulation of the gas flow and the kinematic interactions with the particles. The CFD computation demonstrates that the gas stream starts to be unstable inside the nozzle with more turbulence as it moves towards the exit of the nozzle. The flow is self-oscillated along the flow direction and drives the motion of the Cu particles outside the nozzle. The zone of gas flow instability does correspond to the zone of experimental particle dispersion. Outside the nozzle; the particles form a straight jet over a certain distance that corresponds to the zone of the experimental uniform particles jet. Then; they are deviated and become more and more dispersed towards a very sparse jet along the flow direction. This phenomenon is explained by a Magnus lift force that deviates the particles trajectory when the gas flow becomes highly turbulent while developing a vorticity shedding.
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Jabbari, Mohsen, Amir Hossein Mohazzab, and Ali Bahtui. "One Dimensional Moving Heat Source in Hollow FGM Cylinder." In ASME 2006 Pressure Vessels and Piping/ICPVT-11 Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2006-icpvt-11-93145.

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This paper presents the analytical solution of one-dimensional mechanical and thermal stresses for a hollow cylinder made of functionally graded material. The material properties vary continuously across the thickness, according to power functions of radial direction. Temperature distribution is symmetric, and transient. The thermal boundary conditions may include conduction, flux, and convection for inside or outside of hollow cylinder. Thermoelasticity equation is transient, including the moving heat source. The heat conduction and Navier equations are solved analytically, using the generalized Bessel function. A direct method of solution of Navier equation is presented.
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Edwards, Jack R., Jung-IL Choi, Santanu Ghosh, Daniel A. Gieseking, and Jeffrey D. Eischen. "An Immersed Boundary Method for General Flow Applications." In ASME 2010 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting collocated with 8th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm-icnmm2010-31097.

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The development of a direct-forcing immersed-boundary method for general flow applications is outlined in this paper. A cell-classification procedure based on a signed distance to the nearest surface is used to separate the computational domain into cells outside the immersed object (‘field cells’), cells outside but adjacent to the immersed object (‘band cells’), and cells within the immersed object (‘interior cells’). Interpolation methods based on laminar / turbulent boundary layer theory are used to prescribe the flow properties within the ‘band cells’. The method utilizes a decomposition of the velocity field near embedded surfaces into normal and tangential components, with the latter handled using power-law interpolations to mimic the energizing effects of turbulent boundary layers. A procedure for directly embedding sequences of stereo-lithography files as immersed objects in the computational is described, as are extensions of the methodology to compressible, turbulent flows. Described applications include human motion, moving aerodynamic surfaces, and shock / boundary layer interaction flow control.
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Reports on the topic "Outside director"

1

Fahlenbrach, Rüdiger, Angie Low, and René Stulz. The dark side of outside directors: Do they quit when they are most needed? National Bureau of Economic Research, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w15917.

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Akchurin, N., L. Badano, and A. Bravar. Measurement of spin motions in a storage ring outside the stable polarization direction. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10185015.

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Maydykovskiy, Igor. Consciousness as a new form of the matter’s state. Intellectual Archive, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32370/iaj.2555.

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The article discusses the physical model of the implicative form of Consciousness in the form of a holographic wave matrix, for which the material basis is directly the phase environment that fills the entire Space. It is shown that a similar form of Consciousness that exists outside the human brain can be represented as a kind of software shell that controls all forms of matter by implementing a fractal cyclic iterative algorithm. The condition for the completion of each iterative cycle at each scale level is the observance of the laws of symmetry that ensure the survival of the object in the process of copying-incarnation.
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Loureiro, Miguel, Maheen Pracha, Affaf Ahmed, Danyal Khan, and Mudabbir Ali. Accountability Bargains in Pakistan. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.046.

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Poor and marginalised citizens rarely engage directly with the state to solve their governance issues in fragile, conflict and violence-affected settings, as these settings are characterised by the confrontational nature of state–citizen relations. Instead, citizens engage with, and make claims to, intermediaries some of them public authorities in their own right. What are these intermediaries’ roles, and which strategies and practices do they use to broker state–citizen engagement? We argue that in Pakistan intermediaries make themselves essential by: (1) being able to speak the language of public authorities; (2) constantly creating and sustaining networks outside their communities; and (3) building collectivising power by maintaining reciprocity relations with their communities. In doing so, households and intermediaries engage in what we are calling ‘accountability bargains’: strategies and practices intermediaries and poor and marginalised households employ in order to gain a greater degree of security and autonomy within the bounds of class, religious, and ethnic oppression.
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Kain, Dylan, Nathan M. Stall, Vanessa Allen, et al. Routine Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Screen Testing of Ontario Long-Term Care Staff After COVID-19 Vaccination. Ontario COVID-19 Science Advisory Table, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47326/ocsat.2021.02.15.1.0.

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SARS-CoV-2 screen testing is routine serial testing of asymptomatic individuals outside of outbreak or known exposure settings to identify staff infectious with SARS-CoV-2 and exclude them from work. Routine asymptomatic screen testing of staff has been proposed as a potential mitigating strategy to reduce SARS-CoV-2 introduction and transmission in long-term care (LTC) homes. A rapid review of the literature found no real-world evidence to either support or refute screen testing in preventing LTC home COVID-19 outbreaks. There are several direct harms associated with screen testing, as well as opportunity costs, including exacerbating LTC staffing shortages. On the basis of the evidence reviewed, and given the high rates of protection of COVID-19 vaccines against symptomatic and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, the potential harms and costs of screen testing among vaccinated LTC home staff likely outweigh the benefits.
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Bell, Jack, Rik Law, Howell Li, Ben Anderson, and Darcy M. Bullock. New Opportunities for Automated Pedestrian Performance Measures. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317351.

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Pedestrian safety is an important concern when evaluating intersections. Previous literature has shown that exclusive pedestrian phases improve safety, but at the expense of imposing greater pedestrian and motorist delay. However, outside of crash data, there are no easily implementable performance measures for pedestrians at traffic signals. This study proposes two performance metrics: (1) a time-to-jaywalk measure, and (2) the Conflict Occupancy Ratio (COR) for evaluating concurrent pedestrian signal phasing with turning vehicles. The COR quantifies conflicts between turning vehicles and pedestrians in the crosswalk. The COR is based upon a commercially deployed video detection system that correctly identified the presence of pedestrians to within two per cycle in this study. This performance is likely sufficient for the current application, but as the technology matures it will provide a scalable screening tool to identify intersections that have opportunities for capacity adjustments or warrant further direct field investigation.
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Bruce, Judith, and Shelley Clark. The implications of early marriage for HIV/AIDS policy. Population Council, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy22.1000.

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This brief is based on a background paper prepared for the WHO/UNFPA/Population Council Technical Consultation on Married Adolescents, held in Geneva, Switzerland, December 9–12, 2003. The final paper is entitled “Including married adolescents in adolescent reproductive health and HIV/AIDS policy.” The consultation brought together experts from the United Nations, donors, and nongovernmental agencies to consider the evidence regarding married adolescent girls’ reproductive health, vulnerability to HIV infection, social and economic disadvantage, and rights. The relationships to major policy initiatives—including safe motherhood, HIV, adolescent sexual and reproductive health, and reproductive rights—were explored, and emerging findings from the still relatively rare programs that are directed at this population were discussed. Married adolescent girls are outside the conventionally defined research interests, policy diagnosis, and basic interventions that have underpinned adolescent reproductive health programming and many HIV/AIDS prevention activities. They are an isolated, often numerically large, and extremely vulnerable segment of the population, largely untouched by current intervention strategies. As stated in this brief, promoting later marriage, to at least age 18, and shoring up protection options within marriage may be essential means of stemming the epidemic.
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Haberland, Nicole, Erica Chong, and Hillary J. Bracken. A world apart: The disadvantage and social isolation of married adolescent girls. Population Council, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy22.1010.

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This brief is based on a paper prepared for the WHO/UNFPA/Population Council Technical Consultation on Married Adolescents, held in Geneva, Switzerland, December 9–12, 2003. The consultation brought together experts from the United Nations, donors, and nongovernmental agencies to consider the evidence regarding married adolescent girls’ reproductive health, vulnerability to HIV infection, social and economic disadvantage, and rights. The relationships to major policy initiatives—including safe motherhood, HIV, adolescent sexual and reproductive health, and reproductive rights—were explored, and emerging findings from the still relatively rare programs that are directed at this population were discussed. Despite the program attention and funding that have been devoted to adolescents, early marriage and married adolescents have fallen largely outside of the field’s concern. Comprising the majority of sexually active adolescent girls in developing countries, this large and vulnerable subpopulation has received neither program and policy consideration in the adolescent sexual and reproductive health field, nor special attention from reproductive health and development programs for adult women. While adolescent girls, irrespective of marital status, are vulnerable in many settings and deserve program, policy, and resource support, the purpose of this brief is to describe the distinctive and often disadvantaged situations of married girls and to propose possible future policy and program options.
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Saha, Amrita, Jodie Thorpe, Keir Macdonald, and Kelbesa Megersa. Linking Business Environment Reform with Gender and Inclusion: A Study of Business Licensing Reform in Indonesia. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.001.

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Business environment reform (BER) targets inadequate business regulations. It is intended to remove constraints to business investment, enabling growth and job creation, and create opportunities for international business to contribute to and benefit from this growth. However, there is a lack of detailed knowledge of the impact of BER on gender and inclusion (G&amp;I). While a review of existing literature suggests that in general, there is no direct link between BER and G&amp;I, indirect links are likely through the influence of BER on firm performance. Outcomes will be influenced by the differential ways in which women-led firms experience the business environment when compared to their male counterparts, with disparities based on how they are treated under the law, as well as structural and sociocultural factors. The fact that in many countries, female-led firms are fewer and smaller than those of their male counterparts, and may operate in different sectors, also affects these dynamics. This research offers new insights through an in-depth analysis of the impact of the Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu (PTSP) or one-stop shop business licensing reform in 2009 on firm performance in Indonesia, and how these impacts vary based on the gender of firm leadership. The results find that on average, firms benefited from improved business performance (sales), as a direct or indirect effect of this reform, as well as an increase in the number of medium and large-scale firms. Outside Jakarta (Bali, Banten, Lampung), women-led firms experienced a small but significant benefit relative to male-led firms, related to both sales and the number of medium and large-scale firms they run. In Jakarta, women-led firms continued to lag behind men and there were no significant effects on employment, and this held across province and gender. These findings are based on an analysis of the PTSP reform using data from the World Bank Enterprise Survey (WBES), a survey of small, medium and large firms (i.e. with more than four employees) which took place in Indonesia between 2009 and 2015.
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Brophy, Kenny, and Alison Sheridan, eds. Neolithic Scotland: ScARF Panel Report. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.06.2012.196.

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The main recommendations of the Panel report can be summarised as follows: The Overall Picture: more needs to be understood about the process of acculturation of indigenous communities; about the Atlantic, Breton strand of Neolithisation; about the ‘how and why’ of the spread of Grooved Ware use and its associated practices and traditions; and about reactions to Continental Beaker novelties which appeared from the 25th century. The Detailed Picture: Our understanding of developments in different parts of Scotland is very uneven, with Shetland and the north-west mainland being in particular need of targeted research. Also, here and elsewhere in Scotland, the chronology of developments needs to be clarified, especially as regards developments in the Hebrides. Lifeways and Lifestyles: Research needs to be directed towards filling the substantial gaps in our understanding of: i) subsistence strategies; ii) landscape use (including issues of population size and distribution); iii) environmental change and its consequences – and in particular issues of sea level rise, peat formation and woodland regeneration; and iv) the nature and organisation of the places where people lived; and to track changes over time in all of these. Material Culture and Use of Resources: In addition to fine-tuning our characterisation of material culture and resource use (and its changes over the course of the Neolithic), we need to apply a wider range of analytical approaches in order to discover more about manufacture and use.Some basic questions still need to be addressed (e.g. the chronology of felsite use in Shetland; what kind of pottery was in use, c 3000–2500, in areas where Grooved Ware was not used, etc.) and are outlined in the relevant section of the document. Our knowledge of organic artefacts is very limited, so research in waterlogged contexts is desirable. Identity, Society, Belief Systems: Basic questions about the organisation of society need to be addressed: are we dealing with communities that started out as egalitarian, but (in some regions) became socially differentiated? Can we identify acculturated indigenous people? How much mobility, and what kind of mobility, was there at different times during the Neolithic? And our chronology of certain monument types and key sites (including the Ring of Brodgar, despite its recent excavation) requires to be clarified, especially since we now know that certain types of monument (including Clava cairns) were not built during the Neolithic. The way in which certain types of site (e.g. large palisaded enclosures) were used remains to be clarified. Research and methodological issues: There is still much ignorance of the results of past and current research, so more effective means of dissemination are required. Basic inventory information (e.g. the Scottish Human Remains Database) needs to be compiled, and Canmore and museum database information needs to be updated and expanded – and, where not already available online, placed online, preferably with a Scottish Neolithic e-hub that directs the enquirer to all the available sources of information. The Historic Scotland on-line radiocarbon date inventory needs to be resurrected and kept up to date. Under-used resources, including the rich aerial photography archive in the NMRS, need to have their potential fully exploited. Multi-disciplinary, collaborative research (and the application of GIS modelling to spatial data in order to process the results) is vital if we are to escape from the current ‘silo’ approach and address key research questions from a range of perspectives; and awareness of relevant research outside Scotland is essential if we are to avoid reinventing the wheel. Our perspective needs to encompass multi-scale approaches, so that ScARF Neolithic Panel Report iv developments within Scotland can be understood at a local, regional and wider level. Most importantly, the right questions need to be framed, and the right research strategies need to be developed, in order to extract the maximum amount of information about the Scottish Neolithic.
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