Relevant bibliographies by topics / Outside directors

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Outside directors'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 May 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Outside directors"

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Veltrop, Dennis B., Eric Molleman, Reggy Hooghiemstra, and Hans van Ees. "The Relationship Between Tenure and Outside Director Task Involvement: A Social Identity Perspective." Journal of Management 44, no. 2 (2015): 445–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0149206315579510.

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Drawing from corporate governance research and social identity theory, the authors argue that the relationship between outside directors’ time in office and outside director task involvement is more complex than generally anticipated. By using a unique multisource data set composed of peer ratings provided by fellow outside directors rating a focal director’s task involvement, this study analyzes director task involvement at the individual director level of analysis. The authors propose and empirically demonstrate that outside director tenure has an inverted U-shaped relationship with outside director task involvement that is moderated by a director’s social identification with the organization. As such, the authors demonstrate that social identification with the organization provides a critical contingency for the curvilinear relationship between outside director tenure and outside director task involvement. Findings suggest that outside directors who socially identify with the organization are more likely to grow “stale in the saddle” at lower levels of tenure. These findings provide support for the merit of analyzing outside directors at the individual level of analysis and suggest that a “one-size-fits-all” approach may not be most appropriate in assessing the effects of tenure on outside director functioning.
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Heidrick, Gardner W. "Selecting Outside Directors." Family Business Review 1, no. 3 (1988): 271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1988.00271.x.

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What characteristics are needed in outside directors, and where should the family look for such individuals? A recognized authority on director search shares his opinions in these areas and outlines the selection process.
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Chen, Chia-Wei, Jang-Shee Barry Lin, and Bingsheng Yi. "Two faces of busy outside directors." Corporate Ownership and Control 6, no. 2 (2008): 467–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv6i2c4p5.

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In this study, we examine how multiple directorships held by outside directors (busy outside directors) influence shareholder wealth in diversifying acquisitions. With a sample of 893 diversifying acquisitions from 1998 to 2004, we find a negative (positive) busy-director effect for diversifying acquisitions of public-targets (private-targets). Busy directors are negatively (positively) associated with the five-day cumulative abnormal returns in acquisitions involving public (private) targets, where merger-related agency problems are more likely. Our evidence support the notion that, in the case of diversifying acquisitions, increased managerial monitoring plays a more important role versus enhanced advising and business connection from busy directors.
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Borokhovich, Kenneth A., Robert Parrino, and Teresa Trapani. "Outside Directors and CEO Selection." Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 31, no. 3 (1996): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2331395.

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Weisbach, Michael S. "Outside directors and CEO turnover." Journal of Financial Economics 20 (January 1988): 431–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-405x(88)90053-0.

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Byrd, John W., and Kent A. Hickman. "Do outside directors monitor managers?" Journal of Financial Economics 32, no. 2 (1992): 195–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-405x(92)90018-s.

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Duchin, Ran, John G. Matsusaka, and Oguzhan Ozbas. "When are outside directors effective?☆." Journal of Financial Economics 96, no. 2 (2010): 195–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2009.12.004.

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Judge, William Q., and Gregory H. Dobbins. "Antecedents and Effects of Outside Director’s Awareness of CEO Decision Style." Journal of Management 21, no. 1 (1995): 43–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014920639502100103.

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There have been increasing calls for greater outside directors to be more aware and informed about the firm S decisions and decision-making process. If outsiders are more informed, it is presumed that they will work more closely with the CEO, and as a result, positively influence firm performance. This research examined individual outside directors’ awareness of one prominent aspect of the CEO’S activity, namely the CEO’S strategic decision style. We found that the outside director3 awareness of the CEOS decision style was positively related to financial profitability and negatively related to financial risk after controlling for industry, organizational size, profit orientation, board leadership, and proportion of insiders. In addition, we found that the CEOS tenure was negatively related to outsider awareness, but this relationship was stronger in non-profit organizations and situations where the CEO did not chair the board. Implications of the findings for future research and application are discussed.
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Ying, Chen, and Sidney Leung. "Director ownership, outside directors and commitment to corporate social responsibility." Corporate Board role duties and composition 7, no. 1 (2011): 66–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cbv7i1art6.

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This paper examines the effects of director ownership and the proportion of outside directors on firms’ commitment to corporate social responsibility (CSR). Using a sample of 453 Hong Kong listed companies for 2005, we find that there is a non-linear relationship between the level of director ownership and firms’ engagement in CSR behavior. Commitment to CSR first increases as the proportion of director ownership increases up to 50% and then decreases as that proportion of ownership grows higher. Further, the proportion of outside directors on the board exhibits a positive relationship with the level of CSR commitment. These results provide explanations for firms’ commitment to CSR from the corporate governance perspective.
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Chen, Sheng-Syan, Yan-Shing Chen, Jun-Koo Kang, and Shu-Cing Peng. "Board structure, director expertise, and advisory role of outside directors." Journal of Financial Economics 138, no. 2 (2020): 483–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.05.008.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Outside directors"

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Lipman, Trevor. "The role of the independent non-executive director in Australia." Doctoral thesis, Australia : Macquarie University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/28880.

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Thesis (DBA)--Macquarie University, Graduate School of Management, 2008.<br>Bibliography: p. 275-289.<br>Company directors have been in existence for more than four hundred years. In the past, they were considered to be a necessary part of corporate existence, and were usually appointed to a board by the CEO or chairman. However, they were usually mates from the 'boys club' and gained their position from whom they knew, and not from what they were capable of contributing. The appointment of independent directors became more normal, as shareholders looked for a way to wrest control back from management. But what independent directors really do and why they are there is not widely understood. A review of the literature relative to independent directors has identified a gap in the knowledge. This gap is the role of the independent director when considered from a commercial aspect; that is, those who observe or write about independent directors. --This thesis has attempted to generate a theory of the role of the independent director through a review of the literature and a subsequent series of interviews. Grounded theory was the chosen methodology for analysing the data and formulating a theory of the role because it allows the researcher to ground the theory in the data instead of establishing a hypothesis and testing it. --The resulting theory is more complex than it first appears. It was found that the primary role of the independent director is to improve the performance of the board and the company. This role is impacted by a number of factors, the two most influential being the information that is available to the independent directors, and the position of the company. This second factor is defined as the size of the company, where it is in its life cycle, and whether it is experiencing any significant change. --These findings enable a number of recommendations to be made to improve policy and practice, recognising the impact of information and company position on the ability of independent directors to contribute positively. It also raises several areas of further study to continue to refine the understanding of the role of the independent nonexecutive director in Australia. These include, among others, investigating the role from other viewpoints such as the board chair or company secretary, or researching the link between company position and information available to independent directors.<br>Mode of access: World Wide Web.<br>xiii, 303 p. ill
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Lester, Richard H. "A road less traveled Investigating the outside directors of America's corporate boards /." Diss., Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969/493.

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Nobuyoshi, Yamori, Harimaya Kozo, and Tomimura Kei. "Roles of outside directors in cooperative financial institutions: the case of japan." Thesis, Українська академія банківської справи Національного банку України, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/63444.

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Оскільки управління фінансовими установами стає важливою проблемою, існує безліч документів, що емпірично досліджують питання управління банками, які є акціонерними товариствами.<br>As the governance of financial institutions is becoming an important issue, there are many papers empirically investigating the governance issues of banks, which are stock companies.
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Lai, Brian Y. "Are Independent Directors Effective Corporate Monitors? - An Analysis of the Empirical Evidence in the USA and Canada." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31018.

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This thesis explores whether independent directors in the USA and Canada are effective in holding management accountable by: (1) analyzing how the policy of relying on independent directors developed and operates; (2) introducing the main theoretical critiques of independent directors’ monitoring effect; and (3) examining whether empirical studies in the field of management science and financial economics support the policy in both countries of relying on independent directors as corporate monitors. Empirical evidence shows that boards with a majority of independent directors, in some circumstances, were associated with better firm performance (in the post-SOX period) and fulfilled certain board tasks effectively in the United States. Canadian studies, however, have not shown a positive association with improved firm performance. Audit committees composed entirely of independent directors have been effective in ensuring the quality of financial reporting in the United States, but this effect has not been found in Canada. Compensation committees composed fully of independent directors neither constrained the level of executive compensation nor tied CEO pay to firm performance in either country. US firms with an audit committee member who had accounting expertise, rather than financial analysis or supervisory expertise, were associated with a higher quality of financial reporting, while Canadian firms with an audit committee member who has financial expertise, instead of financial literacy, were associated with a similar effect. Studies also showed that independent directors perform better in certain circumstances. Based on empirical evidence, US regulators should consider: (1) changing the current mandatory requirements for an independent board and a completely independent compensation committee to a comply-or-explain requirement; (2) narrowing the qualification of a financial expert to an individual who has accounting expertise; and (3) recruiting independent directors who have two or fewer outside directorships, hold more of the corporation’s shares, have lower cost of acquiring corporate information, and have no social connections with the CEO. In Canada, weak evidence of the monitoring effectiveness of independent directors supports the existing comply-or-explain approach. Canadian regulators may only need to require or recommend that at least one audit committee member has financial expertise, instead of only financial literacy.
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Li, Ting. "Does Chinese outside directors' use of Guanxi affect their independence and fiduciary duties?" Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/does-chinese-outside-directors-use-of-guanxi-affect-their-independence-and-fiduciary-duties(e5688f5e-5b51-49e2-b976-e83dc101d920).html.

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As China has become one of the largest economic entities in the world, many studies focus on corporate governance in China. In 2001, the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) transplanted the outside director mechanism from the United States and the United Kingdom. CSRC hoped that outside directors could play a control role to monitor the behaviours of controlling shareholders, protecting the interests of minority shareholders. However, since it was established, the Chinese outside director mechanism has played an unsatisfactory control role because they are not truly independent of the controlling shareholders. In contrast, many Chinese outside directors use their Guanxi connections (a particular kind of social connections in China) to play a resource acquisition role very well. Based on the theories of the firm, the resource dependence theory, studies of Guanxi and the path dependence theory, this thesis finds that when Chinese outside directors use their Guanxi connections to play their resource acquisition role, their independence and fiduciary duties required by CSRC is compromised.
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Jenkins, Kerry Claire. "Outside directors experience and the effect on company value : a South African study." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/outside-directors-experience-and-the-effect-on-company-value-a-south-african-study(cba327db-83af-43e2-ab44-e3da8a0bb5a8).html.

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In this thesis I investigate the impact of outside directors experience on company value. I do so by looking at a clear event, company delistings in the time period 2003 to 2011 in South Africa, a country with arguably imperfect institutions. Based on qualitative and quantitative research I am able to establish that director experience is indeed associated with company value. The qualitative analysis is based on semi-structured interviews with over 30 highly experienced, independent non-executive directors who have/had seats on over 150 South African listed company boards. Their responses confirm resource theory dependency and provide information on the nature of experience, its relevance during delisting and under other circumstances, as well as insight into the type of experience lacking on boards in corporate South Africa. The results of this research can be of practical use to nomination committees and has implications for future South African governance code reforms and/or guidelines.
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Horner, Stephen V. "Director ties, board experience, and firm strategic outcomes board experience effects on post-acquisition performance /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4489.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.<br>The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on August 1, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
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Östberg, Joel, and Jonas Gunningberg. "Board of directors’ relationship to environmental sustainability: Differences between insiders and outsiders : A study of inside and outside board members’ cognition and reasoning when engaging in environmental sustainability issues." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-226593.

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The aim of this study is to investigate how inside and outside directors differ in their cognition and reasoning in regards to environmental sustainability issues. The theoretical background derives from a cognitive view and Stakeholder theory. The paper is further based on current research regarding insiders’ and outsiders’ relationship to environmental sustainability. In order to capture the cognition and reasoning of insiders and outsiders, a Think-aloud study was conducted, interviewing a total of 20 board members in the food industry. Results from this study showed that, when faced with environmental issues, outsiders are more likely to request, repeat, ponder as well as clarify the information given. Secondly, outsiders are more likely to consider a long-term perspective. Thirdly, outsiders are more likely to consider an environmental view. Lastly, both insiders and outsiders use analogical reasoning when contemplating around environmental issues. However, insiders are more likely to draw experience from their current position or company while outsiders are more likely to draw experience from outside their current position or company when solving environmental issues.
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Björklund, Frida, and Hanna Dahlström. "Why have an Active Board of Directors? : A Quantitative Study of SMEs." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-124661.

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In Sweden all limited liability companies are required to have a board of directors. The board of directors’ task is to manage the business of the firm, but in recent years boards have been subjected to critical review in the media, questioning the tasks and structure of the board. Further, there are differences in the regulations regarding limited liability companies, depending on whether they are private or public companies. Moreover, a majority of the research within the area of corporate governance has been conducted on public companies. However, corporate governance in small and medium sized enterprises (SME) has in the last 30 years become a field of interest. Several scholars and doctorates have used different board roles to explain e.g. the tasks, demographics, and financial performance. The board roles are mainly derived from the agency-, resource dependence-, and stewardship theory. Many papers have come to the conclusion that a board of directors who performs their task, and/or have a certain board demography is beneficial to the firm. Hence, the board and its activity is of importance, however, a general image is conveyed that boards in SMEs rarely are active, but rather are seen as a necessary mean in order to have a firm. Due to this, the research question in this thesis is: What motivates small and medium sized firms to have an active board and are boards in Norr- and Västerbotten active? The criteria for having an active board has been derived from antecedent research and are further recommendations from StyrelseAkademien. Three different board roles have been used with the purpose of explaining the motivation behind having an active board. Further, this thesis has had a quantitative method, and in order to gather data a survey was sent out to board members in Norr- and Västerbotten. The results show that the motivation behind having an active board cannot be explained through the roles network and service of the board. The control role could partly explain the motivation behind having an active board of directors in SMEs in Norr- and Västerbotten, having a negative relationship to board activity. Moreover, due to the opposing results in terms of whether or not boards are active, an unambiguous answer could not be found. However, 49.1 percent of the sample is considered to be active. Lastly, the finding support that in order to have an active board, the firm must recognize a need to include outside directors.
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Mokale, Tebogo. "Does contrarian trading by directors provide a signal to outside investors for future abnormal returns in South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24877.

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Directors of listed companies earn abnormal returns by trading in a contrarian manner. This research report investigated whether outside investors can earn abnormal returns by following director contrarian trades. The returns to directors and outsiders, following a director trade were analysed using the event study methodology. The event study methodology utilised director trading information from SENS announcements on the JSE Securities Exchange, daily share prices, betas and price to book values for the selected companies, and daily all share index prices. The focus of the analysis was the post trade Cumulative Average Abnormal Returns (CAAR), in the 20 days following the director trade. The overall CAAR for all transactions was a statistically significant but economically insignificant 0.43%. When viewed from a transaction type perspective, the CAAR was 0.72% and 0.44% for purchases and sales transactions respectively. This study shows that while directors of listed South African companies do earn abnormal returns, they do not do so while consistently trading in a contrarian manner. In fact, transactions not deemed contrarian generated higher abnormal returns for directors. In addition, the study shows that outside investors do not earn abnormal returns by mimicking directors, and actually, their following of director trades generates the abnormal returns for directors. Copyright<br>Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2011.<br>Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)<br>unrestricted
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Books on the topic "Outside directors"

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Kraakman, Reinier H. Rewarding outside directors. Law and Economics Programme, Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 2006.

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Hamdani, Assaf. Rewarding outside directors. Harvard Law School, 2007.

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Hamdani, Assaf. Rewarding outside directors. Harvard Law School, 2007.

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Du li dong shi zhi du yu kuai ji tou ming du xiang guan xing de shi zheng yan jiu. Jing ji ke xue chu ban she, 2007.

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Bacon, Jeremy. The role of outside directors in major acquisitions or sales. Conference Board, 1985.

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Corporate governance: Non-executive directors' independence : fact or fiction? Mambo Press, 2008.

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Kim, Chu-tʻae. Determinants and internal mechanism of outside director in Korea. Hanʾguk Haksul Chŏngbo, 2006.

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Zhongguo du li dong shi jian du ji zhi yan jiu: Li lun fen xi yu shi zheng jian yan = Zhongguo dulidongshi jiandu jizhi yanjiu. Zhongguo jing ji chu ban she, 2007.

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Du li dong shi zhi du, zhi li xing wei yu ji li ji zhi yan jiu: The research on the independent director system, corporate governance behaviors and incentive mechanism. Zhongguo she hui ke xue chu ban she, 2010.

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Wo guo shang shi gong si du li dong shi zhi du yan jiu. Xi nan shi fan da xue chu ban she, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Outside directors"

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Baron, Philip. "Effects of Outside Directors on Corporate Regulatory Compliance Decisions." In Proceedings of the 1982 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16946-0_91.

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Engel, Pascal. "Setting the Right Mix – Analyzing Outside Directors' Pay Mix in Public Family Firms." In Outside Director Compensation in German Public Family Firms. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-07316-9_6.

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Bhagat, Sanjai, and Heather Tookes. "Voluntary and Mandatory Skin in the Game: Understanding Outside Directors’ Stock Holdings." In Entrepreneurship, Finance, Governance and Ethics. Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-3867-6_12.

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Miwa, Shinya. "Empirical Analysis of the Influence of Outside Directors on Japanese Firm Performance." In Japanese Management in Change. Springer Japan, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55096-9_3.

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Street, Helen. "Motivation Outside In, Inside Out." In Future Directions in Well-Being. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56889-8_27.

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Engel, Pascal. "Introduction." In Outside Director Compensation in German Public Family Firms. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-07316-9_1.

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Engel, Pascal. "Theoretical Foundation." In Outside Director Compensation in German Public Family Firms. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-07316-9_2.

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Engel, Pascal. "Dataset and Method." In Outside Director Compensation in German Public Family Firms. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-07316-9_3.

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Engel, Pascal. "Appreciating Monitoring Activities – An Analysis of Outside Director Compensation in Public Family Firms." In Outside Director Compensation in German Public Family Firms. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-07316-9_4.

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Engel, Pascal. "Voluntary Disclosure of Individual Outside Director Compensation in Public Family Firms." In Outside Director Compensation in German Public Family Firms. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-07316-9_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Outside directors"

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Kosvyra, Alexandra, Dimitris Filos, Nicola Mountford, Tara Cusack, Minna Isomursu, and Ioanna Chouvarda. "PhD courses and the intersectoral experience: a comprehensive survey." In Seventh International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head21.2021.12978.

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It has been found that most PhD graduates (&amp;gt;85%) do not achieve a long-term academic career and thus there is a growing need to re-imagine PhD education that incentivizes doctoral students to engage with research consumers, not only within their discipline, but also, across other disciplines and sectors to have real social impact for an improved society. The aim of this work is to identify intersectoral/interdisciplinary courses that are considered to broaden student career outside and inside academia. For this purpose, a survey was designed to identify modules which lead to the improvement of students' skills while an analysis of their attributes was also performed. Two target groups have been considered: (a) young researchers and (b) program directors each of which can provide different information regarding the courses of interest. 52 students and 11 directors from 5 European Universities, participated in the study. An absence of such courses in the standard PhD program was observed, while any intersectoral/interdisciplinary activities were conducted outside the PhD program, and organized by collaboration of academia and other organizations. The survey findings reveal the need to restructure the PhD programs.
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Wei, Wen-Jing, and Bing-Xiang Li. "Research on the Influence of Outside Directors on Enterprise Technological Innovation Based on Multiple Linear Regression Model from the Perspective of Compensation." In 2020 16th Dahe Fortune China Forum and Chinese High-educational Management Annual Academic Conference (DFHMC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dfhmc52214.2020.00047.

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Parkes, Aisling, and Seán Ó Conaill. "Sports law in motion: The Sports Law Clinic @UCC - A unique learning and teaching space for student engagement, dynamism and creativity." In Learning Connections 2019: Spaces, People, Practice. University College Cork||National Forum for the Enhancement of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33178/lc2019.07.

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UCC Sports Law Clinic is the only undergraduate clinic of its kind in the world (https://sportslawclinic.wordpress.com/). It was initially founded and developed by Dr Aisling Parkes and Dr Seán Ó Conaill (UCC School of Law) in 2015, established on foot of an Irish Research Council New Foundations Award. The Clinic not only provides undergraduate law students with an exceptional research experience, as well as an extraordinary learning experience in terms of skills development and application of law to facts, but it also provides a free legal information service to the wider community both within and outside of UCC. It is a student-led initiative and encourages students to be creative, innovative and to think outside the box. Through student research, overseen by Dr Ó Conaill and Dr Parkes as clinic directors, a much-needed pro bono information service in the field of sport is made accessible to the local community.
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Macken, Jared. "The Stranger in the Architectural Project on the City." In Schools of Thought Conference. University of Oklahoma, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15763/11244/335078.

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This paper presents the project “Two Strangers Meet in a Parking Lot” and associated research studios as a case study of decolonized architecture pedagogy. The project conceptualizes the stranger as an alternative architectural user, creating a dialectical conversation with the users and architectural visions from architectural history. This dialogue encourages new pedagogical research methodologies related to the topic of city design. The case study uses these methodologies to recuperate lost cultural histories of Tennessee Town, an overlooked neighborhood in Topeka, Kansas, with an important connection to the Harlem Renaissance. According to Kwame Anthony Appiah, strangers transgress and challenge cultural boundaries by creating conversations at the edges of these borders, yet strangers counterintuitively utilize the environments in the city that are initially foreign to them to produce alternative cultural knowledge. This interaction between stranger and entities in the city provides a model for how disciplines can communicate across their own boundaries. The strangers’ conversation, when transferred to the architectural studio setting, becomes what Mark Linder calls “transdisciplinary” discourse, which occurs at the borders of adjacent disciplines. The resulting knowledge intentionally highlights overlooked and misinterpreted cultural moments in the city while creating an alternative to traditional interdisciplinary modes of working, which the philosopher Homi Bhabha says is essential if disciplinary fields are to progress with the global city. The “Two Strangers” case study consists of built structures that were designed, first, to transform people into strangers and, then, to instigate conversations between them. As a result, strangers become acquaintances and exchange new knowledge. The architectural studio course explored this idea further by taking students outside of the classroom where they engaged with the community through conversations with city archivists, community leaders, city council persons, urban planners, and museum directors.
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Hua Wang and Xianyu Wang. "Outside director system design and analysis for the decision-making power of public projects." In 2010 2nd International Conference on Information Science and Engineering (ICISE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icise.2010.5691948.

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Rafiq, Nafhath Rasheeda, Sadia Fatima Mohammed, Jitendra Pandey, and Ajay Vikram Singh. "Classic from the outside, smart from the inside: The era of smart buildings." In 2017 6th International Conference on Reliability, Infocom Technologies and Optimization (Trends and Future Directions) (ICRITO). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icrito.2017.8342494.

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Azzazy, Salah E., Russell D. Cochran, and Larry Sam Cox. "Bull Run Fossil Plant: Technical Design Methods for Superheat Pendant Outlet Headers Replacement." In ASME 2010 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2010-27007.

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Bull Run Unit 1, rated at 950 MW, is the first of four fossil supercritical power plants at Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA). The unit went into commercial operation in 1967. The boiler (consists of two furnaces) built by Combustion Engineering (CE) has a radiant reheat twin divided furnace with tangential-fired coal burners. The unit’s maximum continuous rating (MCR) is 6,400,000 lbs/hr of main steam flow, with a design temperature of 1003°F and pressure of 3840 psig. Through the end of 2008, the unit had a total of approximately 670 cumulative starts and 333,185 operating hours. After years of numerous tube cracks at the Superheat Pendant Outlet Header/Tube Nozzles resulting in repetitive forced plant shutdowns, TVA decided to replace the two Outlet Headers (one for each furnace) in Fall 2008 during a reliability outage. Since the entire Main Steam piping system was installed with cold pull at almost every longitudinal pipe segment, the main challenge from the engineering mechanics point of view was how to restrain the piping system especially at the Crossover Outlet Links inside each furnace Penthouse. Further constructability reviews indicated that there were not enough adjacent steel frames inside each furnace to restrain the four Crossover Outlet Links in the three global directions during the Outlet Headers replacement inside each Penthouse. The only existing steel above the Crossover Outlet Links is embedded in asbestos insulation, and the removal of the insulation to provide access for the temporary restraints was determined to be costly and time consuming. The insulation removal would have also caused the scheduled outage to be extended significantly and unrealistically. After careful assessment, technical evaluation, and several constructability reviews; it was decided to take an unconventional approach for relieving the inherent cold pull in three global directions by cutting the four Mixing Headers outside each furnace. In addition, the concept of installing several temporary restraints was utilized for the vertical and lateral directions inside the furnace Penthouse, as well as several others outside the Boiler to control the piping configuration of the four Mixing Headers. This approach achieved two purposes: 1- relieving the inherent cold pulls in three global directions and 2- controlling the four Outlet Links pipe end positions with respect to the new Superheat Pendant Outlet Header nozzles. This unconventional method used to relieve the piping cold pull from outside the Boilers, to control the Outlet Links movements inside the Boiler Penthouses, and to restrain the entire Main Steam piping system was successfully developed and implemented in the Fall 2008 reliability outage to replace the two Superheat Pendant Outlet Headers. This unconventional method is described in this paper.
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Валиев, Ильдар, Ildar Valiev, Дмитрий Жданов, et al. "Optimization of Illumination through Windows for MCRT." In 29th International Conference on Computer Graphics, Image Processing and Computer Vision, Visualization Systems and the Virtual Environment GraphiCon'2019. Bryansk State Technical University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/graphicon-2019-2-32-36.

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The paper presents an improvement of Monte-Carlo ray tracing which changes ray emission from a light source to accelerate convergence i.e. reduce the noise remained after the given run time. It is mainly intended for interior scenes illuminated from outside (e.g. skylight) through windows or other holes. The rays from light sources are generated so that they are directed to these windows. In other words, the number of rays is increased for directions that contribute to the camera image. It is shown that the proposed method allows calculating image with desirable quality several times faster.
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Shekriladze, I. G. "Boiling at Macro- and Microscale: Totally Neglected Universal Context." In ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels collocated with the ASME 2014 4th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2014-21127.

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A paper discusses consequences of the neglect of universal features of macro- and microscale boiling uncovered by the basic model “theater of a director”, such as control of developed boiling heat transfer by nucleation at microscale, regardless of the inputs and composition of individual cooling mechanisms, pumping effect of growing bubble, micro-membrane pumping, and multi-factoring phenomenon. Average effective radius of nucleation sites, representing universal characteristic length of the process, irrespective to its scale, also remained outside the attention of boiling researchers. It is shown that neglect of above fundamentals and, especially, full misunderstanding with the characteristic length, turned the sphere of boiling at mini- and microscale into a purely experimental research. Even the attempts to classify boiling channels with respect to the transverse size are deprived of physical grounds. The ways to overcome the existing deadlock situation are also addressed.
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Tanzawa, Yoshiaki, Takao Sato, and Takumi Hashizume. "Wind Direction Characteristics of a Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Using the Mechanism of a Bird’s Wing With a Wind Collector." In ASME 2011 Power Conference collocated with JSME ICOPE 2011. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2011-55385.

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This paper describes the wind direction characteristics of the wind collector used for our 8th model of the vertical axis wind turbine using the mechanism of a bird’s wing. The 8th model is divided into two sections top and bottom. Each section looks like a Savonius wind turbine. The blade is divided into seven rows of plates. Each 0.18mm stainless plate has only one side attached to the frame. Wind from the outside enlarges the space between the blades, and passes through. However, wind from the inside closes the space. In the wind collector, four wind collection boards are located every 90 degrees around this wind turbine. In an earlier paper, it was confirmed that these collection boards collected 1.6 times the wind and resulted in twice the output. In this paper, the variations in the wind collector characteristics due to the wind direction are clarified experimentally. A wind tunnel experiment using six different wind directions shows that the output increases for four wind directions and decreases for one wind direction. Additionally, the computer simulation confirms the wind direction and the wind speed distribution around the wind turbine when the wind collection boards are in place.
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Reports on the topic "Outside directors"

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Fahlenbrach, Rüdiger, Angie Low, and René Stulz. The dark side of outside directors: Do they quit when they are most needed? National Bureau of Economic Research, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w15917.

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Salgado, Edgar, and Oscar A. Mitnik. Spatial and Time Spillovers of Driving Restrictions: Causal Evidence from Limas Pico y Placa Policy. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003849.

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Driving restrictions are popular interventions in rapidly urbanizing developing countries. Their relatively inexpensive implementation appeals to the pressing need to reduce traffic congestion and pollution. Their effectiveness however, remains contested. Using high frequency data from the community-based driving directions app Waze, we evaluate the causal effect on traffic congestion of Lima's Pico y Placa driving restriction policy introduced in 2019. We find small improvements in traffic congestion for the policy's directly targeted areas. However, those improvements are offset by time and spatial spillovers in the opposite direction in the aggregate. Speed improved by 2 percent during the early weeks of the intervention, but this effect disappeared 16 weeks after the start of the policy. Moreover, traffic conditions worsened in adjacent areas and in hours outside the time schedule of the policy. In the aggregate, accounting for time and spatial spillovers, a simulation exercise suggests that overall welfare declined by 2 percent, mostly driven by the extensive margin (more roads becoming congested) outside the direct areas and hours targeted by the policy. The policy seems not only to have failed to achieve its intended benefits in terms of congestion, but also probably caused increases in traffic-related pollution. These results highlight the need for policy makers to take into account the overall impacts of driving restrictions policies before implementing them.
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Kingston, A. W., O. H. Ardakani, and R A Stern. Tracing the subsurface sulfur cycle using isotopic and elemental fingerprinting: from the micro to the macro scale. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329789.

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Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a toxic and corrosive gas that commonly occurs in deeply buried sedimentary systems. Understanding its distribution is paramount to creating safe and effective models of H2S occurrence aiding in the identification of high-risk areas. Characterizing subsurface sulfur sources and H2S formation pathways would enhance these models leading to more accurate predictions of potential high H2S regions. However, gaps remain in our understanding of the dominant formation processes and migration pathways of key ingredients for H2S production in the Lower Triassic Montney Formation of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (WCSB). Essential to this is assessing the reactants necessary for H2S production, potential pathways for fluid migration, diagenetic history, and changes in redox conditions through time. The Montney Formation has undergone several phases of diagenesis related to post-depositional alteration and multiple cycles of tectonic burial and uplift. Early chemical alteration includes dolomitization and, in some cases, microbial reduction of porewater sulfate to sulfide that occurred prior to significant burial (Davies et al., 1997; Vaisblat et al., 2021; Liseroudi et al., 2020, 2021). The most recent tectonic-related burial during the Laramide Orogeny resulted in burial depths in excess of 3-5 km (Ness, 2001; Ducros et al., 2017) leading to significant thermal and barometric alteration. Associated with this orogenic activity was the reactivation of underlying faults (O'Connell et al., 1990) and development of fractures especially near the deformation front. These fractures provide conduits for fluid migration into the Montney that combined with heat and pressure resulting in hydrocarbon generation, migration, and development of overpressure, notably in the western margin of the basin. In addition, high temperatures resulted in thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) leading to the formation of H2S and subsequently pyrite. We present an interpretation of the Montney subsurface sulfur cycle through the use of petrography, micro- and macro-scale geochemical analysis (isotopic and elemental) to illustrate the complexity of this system. This work relies heavily on previous studies within and outside our research group and incorporates new analytical techniques to expand the toolbox. We aim to guide future research directions and activities by addressing issues related to sampling and data quality issues, analytical approaches, and highlight knowledge gaps.
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Brophy, Kenny, and Alison Sheridan, eds. Neolithic Scotland: ScARF Panel Report. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.06.2012.196.

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The main recommendations of the Panel report can be summarised as follows: The Overall Picture: more needs to be understood about the process of acculturation of indigenous communities; about the Atlantic, Breton strand of Neolithisation; about the ‘how and why’ of the spread of Grooved Ware use and its associated practices and traditions; and about reactions to Continental Beaker novelties which appeared from the 25th century. The Detailed Picture: Our understanding of developments in different parts of Scotland is very uneven, with Shetland and the north-west mainland being in particular need of targeted research. Also, here and elsewhere in Scotland, the chronology of developments needs to be clarified, especially as regards developments in the Hebrides. Lifeways and Lifestyles: Research needs to be directed towards filling the substantial gaps in our understanding of: i) subsistence strategies; ii) landscape use (including issues of population size and distribution); iii) environmental change and its consequences – and in particular issues of sea level rise, peat formation and woodland regeneration; and iv) the nature and organisation of the places where people lived; and to track changes over time in all of these. Material Culture and Use of Resources: In addition to fine-tuning our characterisation of material culture and resource use (and its changes over the course of the Neolithic), we need to apply a wider range of analytical approaches in order to discover more about manufacture and use.Some basic questions still need to be addressed (e.g. the chronology of felsite use in Shetland; what kind of pottery was in use, c 3000–2500, in areas where Grooved Ware was not used, etc.) and are outlined in the relevant section of the document. Our knowledge of organic artefacts is very limited, so research in waterlogged contexts is desirable. Identity, Society, Belief Systems: Basic questions about the organisation of society need to be addressed: are we dealing with communities that started out as egalitarian, but (in some regions) became socially differentiated? Can we identify acculturated indigenous people? How much mobility, and what kind of mobility, was there at different times during the Neolithic? And our chronology of certain monument types and key sites (including the Ring of Brodgar, despite its recent excavation) requires to be clarified, especially since we now know that certain types of monument (including Clava cairns) were not built during the Neolithic. The way in which certain types of site (e.g. large palisaded enclosures) were used remains to be clarified. Research and methodological issues: There is still much ignorance of the results of past and current research, so more effective means of dissemination are required. Basic inventory information (e.g. the Scottish Human Remains Database) needs to be compiled, and Canmore and museum database information needs to be updated and expanded – and, where not already available online, placed online, preferably with a Scottish Neolithic e-hub that directs the enquirer to all the available sources of information. The Historic Scotland on-line radiocarbon date inventory needs to be resurrected and kept up to date. Under-used resources, including the rich aerial photography archive in the NMRS, need to have their potential fully exploited. Multi-disciplinary, collaborative research (and the application of GIS modelling to spatial data in order to process the results) is vital if we are to escape from the current ‘silo’ approach and address key research questions from a range of perspectives; and awareness of relevant research outside Scotland is essential if we are to avoid reinventing the wheel. Our perspective needs to encompass multi-scale approaches, so that ScARF Neolithic Panel Report iv developments within Scotland can be understood at a local, regional and wider level. Most importantly, the right questions need to be framed, and the right research strategies need to be developed, in order to extract the maximum amount of information about the Scottish Neolithic.
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Corporate Governance: The Power of Outside Directors on CEO-Only Boards. IEDP Ideas for Leaders, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.13007/506.

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