Academic literature on the topic 'Outside exclusion'
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Journal articles on the topic "Outside exclusion"
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Marcus, Kenneth H., and Yong Chen. "Inside and Outside Chinatown: Chinese Elites in Exclusion Era California." Pacific Historical Review 80, no. 3 (2011): 369–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2011.80.3.369.
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Chinese elites who were exempted from the Exclusion Act of 1882 became important figures in interethnic dialogue in the West. This article focuses on herbalists and missionaries, who were often able to cross boundaries of race, geography, and gender through their professions. In comparing the experiences of these elites in Los Angeles with their counterparts in San Francisco—the two cities in California with the highest Chinese populations by 1890—the authors demonstrate how a limited degree of inclusion was possible during a period of extreme discrimination and race hatred. The examination of photographs, newspaper articles and advertisements, memoirs, and other materials provides a way to understand the class dimensions of the Exclusion Act in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century California.
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Keatinge, R. M. "Exclusion from Resuscitation." Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 82, no. 7 (1989): 402–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014107688908200711.
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Resuscitation was attempted for 156 (19.9%) of the 783 cases in St Thomas's Hospital, aged 16 or over, who suffered first cardiac or respiratory arrest of the current admission during the year to 13 April 1987. Seventeen (11%) of the 156 were discharged alive from hospital after resuscitation. All seventeen had been active outside the home before admission, and all except one remained so after discharge. The factors which were associated with exclusion from resuscitation attempts are analysed. Most accorded with known prognostic factors, but resuscitation was attempted for some persons who seemed to have little chance of benefiting from resuscitation attempts. Routine collection, analysis, and dissemination of information on pre-arrest characteristics in relation to their outcome, on which clinicians can base their decision to with-hold resuscitation in the event of an arrest, is recommended.
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Goodin, Robert E. "Inclusion and exclusion." European Journal of Sociology 37, no. 2 (1996): 343–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003975600007219.
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Many familiar political projects—among them, demands for participation, for citizenship and for free movement and open borders—have been recently subsumed within a larger crusade against ‘social exclusion’. But each of these political projects seems better understood, and better pursued, in its own original terms. Furthermore, inclusionist appeals logically backfire: explicitly they are expansionist, urging the stretching of boundaries of membership so as to include those who were previously excluded; but every inclusion implies an exclusion (there can be no ‘inside’ without an ‘outside’); so indusionist appeals are implicitly consenting to a closed community, albeit one with a rather broader catchment. We ought to be striving instead for different kinds of communities, ones less internally inclusive and less externally exclusive. This amounts to a call for multiple overlapping jurisdictions, with many places where one can seek social support and many places where one might lodge a demand or file an appeal.
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Mcivor, Andrew. "Exclusion Spirometry: A Bad Idea." Canadian Respiratory Journal 11, no. 3 (2004): 186–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2004/609730.
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No single item or combination of items from the bedside clinical examination can rule out airflow obstruction; for this purpose, spirometry is essential. I, like my colleagues, visually conceptualize chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients using objective lung function testing. I am well aware that spirometry has neither been accepted nor widely performed outside of specialist practice (1). In this issue of theCanadian Respiratory Journal, Almirall and Bégin (pages 195 to 196) provide a very reasoned argument suggesting that obtaining isolated normal values of spirometric indexes can exclude certain conditions.
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SEYFANG, GILL. "Working Outside the Box: Community Currencies, Time Banks and Social Inclusion." Journal of Social Policy 33, no. 1 (2004): 49–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279403007232.
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A conceptual framework is developed for analysing UK social policy with respect to work, employment, inclusion and income. A range of possibilities for ‘productive engagement in work’ (PEW) outside the home are identified, ranging from formal employment, through informal employment, working for local community currencies, to unpaid voluntary work, each attracting particular policy responses, according to the hegemonic discourse of social exclusion, namely a liberal individualistic model which sees insertion into the labour market as the solution to exclusion. A new initiative is examined which is increasingly being adopted by local authorities in their efforts to tackle social exclusion and build social capital, namely ‘time banks’: a type of community currency which rewards people in time credits for the work they put into their neighbourhoods. Time banks are found to occupy a space in between what is already known about informal employment, LETS (Local Exchange Trading Schemes) and volunteering, raising a number of issues for policy makers and practitioners. While time banks may be promoted within the UK government's social inclusion remit as a means of increasing job-readiness through volunteering, they have wider and deeper implications. They represent a response to a radical social democratic understanding of social exclusion and hence exert a collective effort to redefine what is considered ‘valuable work’, and thus present an alternative to hegemonic paradigms of work and welfare; their greatest potential is as a radical tool for collective social capital building, resulting in more effective social, economic and political citizenship, and hence social inclusion. Policy recommendations are made to enable time banks to flourish and provide a powerful tool for achieving social inclusion objectives.
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Maxwell, Catherine, and Elsie B. Michie. "Outside the Pale: Cultural Exclusion, Gender Difference, and the Victorian Woman Writer." Modern Language Review 90, no. 1 (1995): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3733282.
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Normington, Joan, and Chris Kyriacou. "Exclusion from High Schools and the Work of the Outside Agencies Involved." Pastoral Care in Education 12, no. 4 (1994): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02643949409470892.
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Slavcev, Roderick A., Harold J. Bull та Sidney Hayes. "Bacteriophage λ repressor allelic modulation of the Rex exclusion phenotype". Canadian Journal of Microbiology 49, № 3 (2003): 225–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w03-021.
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The sensitivity of Δred-gamΔren mutants of bacteriophage λ to Rex exclusion by λrexA+rexB+lysogens is modulated by the prophage cI repressor allele. We show the following: (i) λspi156Δnin5 forms plaques on a cI+rexA+rexB+lysogen with 105-fold higher efficiency than on cI[Ts]rexA+rexB+derivatives. (ii) The cI[Ts]857 allele augmentation of Rex exclusion is recessive to cI+. (iii) The cI857-mediated increase in Rex exclusion activity involves the participation of a genetic element mapping outside of cIrexArexB. Key words: bacteriophage lambda (λ), CI repressor, Rex exclusion phenotype, cIrexArexB operon, bacteriophage λspi156Δnin5, cI[Ts]857, cI[Ts]2.
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Coats, Lauren, Matt Cohen, John David Miles, Kinohi Nishikawa, and Rebecca Walsh. "Those We Don't Speak Of: Indians in The Village." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 123, no. 2 (2008): 358–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2008.123.2.358.
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American literary studies has shown that the symbolic exclusion of Native Americans from the Puritan and early national imaginaries was an essential component of the making of an American identity. This argument builds on reading practices that stress literary-historical contextualization. Our essay considers how M. Night Shyamalan's film The Village (2004) addresses the continuing relevance of Native American exclusion from the national imaginary not by faithfully representing “history” but by layering its narrative with multiple historical registers. Realized through editing, cinematography, and set design, these registers—seventeenth-century Puritan, turn-of-the-twentieth-century utopian, and “the present”—are stage-managed by a group of idealistic elders who wish to protect their community from the evils of the world outside. While most critics have reduced The Village to an allegory of post-9/11 United States political culture, we propose a viewing of the film as parable that marks historical collapses and exclusions as the limits of utopia.
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Vogel, Jason G., and David W. Valentine. "Small root exclusion collars provide reasonable estimates of root respiration when measured during the growing season of installation." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35, no. 9 (2005): 2112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x05-117.
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A common method to determine in situ root respiration is to insert root exclusions to sever roots and then to measure soil carbon dioxide (CO2) efflux in and outside the exclusion. We report the use of relatively small root exclusions (15.2 cm diameter plastic pipe) (SREs), installed and measured within a growing season. We switched from long-used, large root exclusions (2.5 m × 3 m) (LREs) for three reasons. First, temperature artifacts were apparent in LREs, likely because increased soil moisture altered soil thermal balance. Second, LREs in dense stands required a relatively low tree density, which then impacted snowpack depth and insolation. Third, the LREs were much more time-consuming to install than SREs. Using a powered mechanical trencher (ditch witch®) decreased LRE installation time, but introduced a large edge-effect apparent in soil profile pCO2 that would obviate trenched plots smaller than 1600 cm2. However, when trenches were dug by hand, the distance from the LRE wall had no effect on soil pCO2. In a subsequent experiment, SREs were installed by cleanly cutting the forest floor, and then immediately measured. Within 1-3 weeks the SREs provided similar root respiration estimates to those made with LREs that had been in place for nearly 10 months. SREs placed in and outside LREs provided indistinguishable microbial respiration values from one another and to the LREs. We conclude SREs provide root respiration estimates indistinguishable from other methods, even when installed and measured within the same growing season.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Outside exclusion"
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Smith, Katherine. "The outside within : belonging, fairness and exclusion in north Manchester." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.606859.
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Hilton, Alice Zoe. "Outside the mainstream school : young people's perspectives on disaffection, exclusion, support, and change." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/306.
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Juutinen, J. (Jaana). "Inside or outside?:small stories about the politics of belonging in preschools." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2018. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526218816.
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Abstract This study brings together the politics of belonging, relational narrative inquiry and values and values education in the context of Finnish early childhood education. The study draws on the politics of belonging within which belonging and exclusion are understood as relational rather than individual phenomena. The significant relations for belonging and exclusion do not just emerge between humans, but they are also material, cultural and political. The study asks how the politics of belonging are shaped in young children’s diverse relations in a Finnish preschool context. The onto-epistemological premise of the study relies on the relational narrative inquiry. The study was implemented in six Finnish preschools, where the children’s ages ranged from 1 to 5 years. The research material consisted of written small stories, videos, participatory observations, field notes and discussions with the educators. The analysis was based on holistic reading and re-reading and supported by the idea of small stories and theory of gaps. The findings highlight three interrelated entrances to understanding the politics of belonging in the preschool context. First, the study emphasises the politics of belonging as constantly shaped and lived in daily encounters. The findings illustrated the co-existence of belonging and exclusion. Usually it was one child who was excluded by other children in the fleeting moments of daily life, and often when the educators were not present. Second, the study reveals the meaning of the pedagogical practices in the politics of belonging. Pedagogical practices were tightly surrounded with the materiality, institutional routines and cultural aspects, such as spaces, artefacts, routines, rules, curriculum and legislation. The third entrance provides insights into the value-bound nature of the politics of belonging. Belonging emerged as closely related to democratic, caring and disciplinary values. The findings raised a tension between individually and collectively oriented values. The study argues for understanding the politics of belonging shaped in a landscape of diverse relations and value fields, where the children were active agents in their belonging and exclusion<br>Tiivistelmä Väitöskirja yhdistää yhteenkuuluvuuden politiikan, suhteisen kerronnallisen tutkimuksen sekä arvot ja arvokasvatuksen suomalaisen varhaiskasvatuksen kontekstissa. Yhteenkuuluvuuden politiikka käsitteenä haastaa tutkimaan yhteenkuuluvuutta ja poissuljetuksi tulemista suhteissa muotoutuvana ilmiönä ennemmin kuin yksilön näkökulmasta. Suhteisuus nostaa esille ihmisten välisten suhteiden lisäksi myös materiaaliset, kulttuuriset ja poliittiset suhteet merkityksellisinä yhteenkuuluvuudelle. Tutkimus kysyy: Kuinka yhteenkuuluvuuden politiikka muotoutuu pienten lasten moninaisissa suhteissa suomalaisessa päiväkotikontekstissa? Tutkimuksen onto-epistemologinen lähtökohta on suhteisessa kerronnallisessa tutkimusotteessa. Tutkimus toteutettiin kuudessa päiväkodissa, joissa lapset olivat 1–5-vuotiaita. Tutkimusaineisto koostui kirjoitetuista pienistä kertomuksista, videoista, osallistuvista havainnoinneista, muistiinpanoista ja keskusteluista varhaiskasvattajien kanssa. Tutkimusaineiston analyysi pohjautui kokonaisvaltaiseen luentaan ja uudelleen luentaan, soveltaen kerronnallisia käsitteitä ”pienet kertomukset” ja ”välien teoria”. Tulokset tuovat esille kolme toisiinsa kietoutunutta näkökulmaa. Ensiksi tutkimus korostaa yhteenkuuluvuuden politiikkaa jatkuvasti muuttuvana ja arjen kohtaamisissa muotoutuvana ilmiönä. Tulokset havainnollistavat yhteenkuuluvuuden ja poissuljetuksi tulemisen samanaikaista olemassaoloa. Yleensä yksi lapsi poissuljettiin leikin ulkopuolelle arjen ohikiitävissä hetkissä, joissa työntekijöitä ei ollut läsnä. Toiseksi tutkimus nostaa esille pedagogisten käytänteiden merkityksen. Pedagogiset käytänteet suhteissa materiaan, institutionaalisiin rutiineihin ja kulttuurisiin näkökulmiin tuottivat yhteenkuulumista ja poissuljetuksi tulemista. Tulokset avaavat tilojen, tavaroiden, rutiinien, sääntöjen, varhaiskasvatussuunnitelman perusteiden sekä lainsäädännön merkityksiä. Kolmas näkökulma avaa arvojen ja arvokasvatuksen kietoutuneisuuden. Yhteenkuuluvuuden politiikka liittyy läheisesti demokraattisiin, hoivan ja välittämisen sekä kurin ja järjestyksen arvoalueisiin. Tutkimus paljastaa jännitteitä suhteessa yksilöllisiin ja yhteisöllisiin arvoihin. Tutkimus haastaa tarkastelemaan yhteenkuuluvuuden politiikkaa moninaisten suhteiden ja arvojen maisemassa, jossa lapset ovat aktiivisia toimijoita yhteenkuulumisessaan ja poissuljetuksi tulemisessaan
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Conolly, Anna. "'Have you seen the people who just stand outside of MacDonalds? I am one of the those people' : 'socially' excluded girls and their experiences of exclusion." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.494199.
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This thesis provides an account of a qualitative exploration into the lives of a group of young women who the Government defined as socially excluded - those excluded from school. Osier et al (2002, 2003) are the foremost researchers to focus on girls excluded from school. Their work can be described as innovative, however it lacked insight into social and familial factors, in order to understand the girls' experiences in biographical contexts. In response this research sought to explore the girls' social. home and school careers (Humphrey, 1993) and the roles and / or identities they constructed and performed in their everyday lives. More specifically exploration was made of how a group of socially excluded young women negotiated heteronormative femininities (and their use of agency and resistance in these negotiations).
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Gharagozli, Minoo. "Skolans arbete med att motverka utanförskap inom rastverksamheten : En kvalitativ studie om hur man inom fritidshemmet jobbar för att motverka social exkludering och utanförskap bland elever." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Lärarutbildningen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-40779.
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The break is an important element in educational activities. Previous research shows that the free form of the break gives much more leeway for students to act independently but that it is sometimes at the expense of some students. The purpose of this study is to further investigate how one works within the recreational home to counter social exclusion and exclusion among students at the break. The study has an emphasis on data collected from interviews. These have been conducted with professionals working in the leisure home. Results are reported in four themes identified in the processing of collected empirical data. The study concludes that staff attach great importance to norms. Regarding the work towards creating exclusion, much of their work during the break refers to being an active part of the students' play. This is to be able to communicate inclusive norms and create a common sense among the students.<br>Rasten är ett viktigt element inom pedagogiska verksamheter. Tidigare forskning har betonat att rastens natur och den frihet som medföljer utgör en plattform för elever att ta till större handlingsutrymme som ibland kan resultera i att vissa elever blir socialt exkluderade. Det blir således ibland blir på bekostnad av de elever som hamnar utanför och socialt exkluderas från gemenskapen. Denna studie har som syfte att närmare undersöka hur man inom fritidshemmet jobbar för att motverka social exkludering och utanförskap bland elever på rasten. Studien bygger på insamlade data från genomförda intervjuer med verksamma inom fritidshemmet. Resultat redovisas i fyra teman som identifierats vid bearbetning av insamlade empiri. Studien konkluderar att personalen fäster stor vikt vid normer. Beträffande arbetet mot att utanförskap skapas avser stor del av deras arbete under rasten till att vara en aktiv del i elevernas lek. Detta för att kunna förmedla inkluderande normer och skapa en samsyn bland eleverna.
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Lindqvist, Robin, and Ebba White. "Hela världens skönlitteraturer? : En diskursanalytisk studie om svensklärares förhållningssätt till icke västerländsk skönlitteratur." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för film och litteratur (IFL), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-60480.
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This study investigates teaching of fiction from outside of the Western world. The study was conducted via a discourse analysis of five semi structured interviews with upper secondary school teachers in Swedish language and literature. The aim is to describe how the discourse of fiction from outside of the Western world is depicted by the teachers’ dictums about literature in general and their own teaching of literature. This is done by adapting Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe’s theoretical conception of signs, floating signifier, moment, articulation, chains of equivalence and subject position along with the pedagogical conceptions inclusion, integration and exclusion. The result shows that the signs “cultures” and “knowledges” were central in the discourse. The signs had the character of floating signifiers, due to the difference in the teachers’ statements. The chains of equivalence showed that fiction from outside of the Western world often was associated with negativity while the European and western fiction often where given a more positive approach. A majority of the teachers’ approach was further characterized by exclusion of fiction from outside the Western world, even though an individual teacher’s approach were characterized by inclusion. Based on the results, we also claim that the discourse concerning fiction from outside of the Western world in the Swedish subject is in a state of change, since the discourse in general was characterized by instability.
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Andersson, Marita. "Insider eller Outsider? : Ofullständiga grundskolebetyg – om stämplings- och exkluderingsprocesser ur ett livsberättelseperspektiv." Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Education, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-1524.
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<p>There are an increasing number of pupils leaving school with incomplete grades. Research indicates that the causes to this phenomenon may be individual- as well as school related and complicated to illuminate. The purpose of the study is to examine the processes of exclusion that have resulted in pupils´ incomplete degrees. Two research problems have been formulated. The first one is about the identification of exclusion and branding factors for pupils with incomplete degrees. The second one focuses on how the pupils processes of branding- and exclusion are shaped. Six in dept interviews with three pupils with incomplete degrees have been conducted from a life history perspective. Each pupil has been interviewed twice, at different occasions. Results show that the factors vary and are individual, and can be identified within the family as well as the school. In school, there may be a tendency to refer the problem to the pupil rather than to the entire context.</p><p>This brands pupils that already are in a difficult situation, but results also show that school can have including tendencies as well. The three pupils in the study have in common that they contribute to the branding- and exclusion process by excluding themselves. To conclude, there are several factors that are intertwined and that together contribute to the result of incomplete degrees. Two of the pupils´ stories were related to Goldman’s (1980) identified stages of branding, which resulted in an understanding of these pupils process of exclusion. The third pupils´ story however, differed from the other two, and as a consequence, differed from Goldman’s theory, which is discussed.</p><br><p>Allt fler svenska elever går ut grundskolan med ofullständiga betyg. Tidigare forskning indikerar att orsakerna till att så sker kan vara såväl individ- som skolrelaterade och komplicerade att utreda. Syftet med studien är att undersöka de exkluderingsprocesser som lett fram till att elever fått ofullständiga betyg i grundskolan. Två problem har formulerats. Det första problemet handlar om att identifiera exkluderings- och stämplingsfaktorerna i grundskolan för elever med ofullständiga grundskolebetyg. Det andra problemet fokuserar på hur elevernas stämplings- och exkluderingsprocesser ser ut. Sex djupintervjuer med tre elever med ofullständiga grundskolebetyg har genomförts utifrån ett livsberättelseperspektiv. Varje elev har intervjuats vid två olika tillfällen. Resultaten visar att stämplings- och exkluderingsfaktorerna varierar och är individuella, och kan återfinnas inom såväl den egna familjen som skolans värld.</p><p>En skolrelaterad faktor handlar om en tendens att problematisera eleverna snarare än kontexten, vilket ytterligare stämplar elever i en redan svår situation, men resultaten påvisar också exempel på hur skolan kan arbeta inkluderande. De tre eleverna har gemensamt att de alla bidrar till stämplings- och exkluderingsprocessen genom självexkludering. Resultaten visar att det är en rad faktorer som samverkar och flätas in i varandra under elevernas skolgång, och som tillsammans bidrar till elevernas ofullständiga grundskolebetyg. Två av eleverna följde Goldmans (1980) stämplingsstadier, vilket bidrog till förståelse av dessa elevers exkluderingsprocesser. Den tredje elevens stämplings- och exkluderingsprocess avvek från de övriga två, och därmed också från Goldmans teori, vilket utgjort underlag för diskussion.</p>
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Mlay, Rose Shao. "Tanzanian women's experiences of combining exclusive breast-feeding and working outside the home, living with the hurdles and the contradictions." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0011/MQ36517.pdf.
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Svensson, Louise. "Mobbning i arbete : arbetsorganiseringens inverkan på handlingsutrymmet och mobbningprocessen." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Akademin för humaniora, utbildning och samhällsvetenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-11252.
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The aim of this dissertation is to identify and analyze organizational characteristics and interactional forces within the workplace organization that may affect the mobbing process. The empirical basis comprises 20 semistructured interviews with victims, observers, and bullies. Organizational theory and workplace studies are theoretical influences, as are the concepts of negotiations and outsiders. A central concept is employee discretion: formal, informal, and real discretion. Different parties in the mobbing process are identified and analyzed. It is confirmed that bullies create a negative perception of their victim and try to cause others to share this perception. Collaborators are those whom bullies potentially can recruit, and may include anyone who does not show open support for the victim. People who give open support to the victim are more likely to be bullied themselves, unless they have a strong position in the group. The mobbing process can begin for a large number of reasons. In this study, three main reasons are identified and discussed. First, mobbing can begin because the victim is seen as an outsider. Second, the mobbing process can begin with a change of position. The third main reason for a mobbing process to begin is a confrontation. Mobbing occurs only in contexts where people meet regularly and often and hence can only leave at high cost. Regular interaction and proximity to the same people are the only conditions necessary for mobbing to occur in a context. There are, however, a number of aggravating and mitigating latent characteristics or qualities that have been raised in this dissertation that may affect the mobbing process. These are cooperation and coexistence, existence of a place of retreat, distribution of bureaucratic authority and employer participation, the double belongings within the organization (formal and informal), reorganization and changing workload, and the organization’s relations to stakeholders. The same quality may be an obstacle to mobbing in one situation and facilitate it in another.
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Ogunyemi, Samson. "The claim for urban space and the problem of exclusion: the perception of outsiders' rights by communities affected by xenophobic violence in contemporary South Africa." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/11775.
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M.A. University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Humanities (The African Centre for Migration & Society), 2012<br>This research is located in the broader body of literature and activity that have sought to
comprehend the xenophobic violence of 2008 in South Africa and the persistence of this
phenomenon, especially in poor locales of the main urban areas. The primary objective is to
explore the perceptions that South Africans have of the rights of those people designated as
outsiders and/or foreigners who live in areas that have experienced xenophobic violence
targeting foreigners as well as people of South African minority ethnic groups. This study
attempts to unpack the discourse of insider versus outsider rights within South African
communities in relation to South Africa’s recent history - the xenophobic violence of 2008.
Notably, it examines the challenge brought about by the crushing of space and time as an
effect of globalization and how this has contributed to the process of multi-culturalism and
multi-ethnicity that local communities are largely unprepared to cope with. This study
contributes to the understanding of “otherness” as a key issue to design and implement better
policies and practices that are necessary to promote the social and spatial inclusion of
international migrants in Africa and the world. The empirics of this study give credence to
the view that migrants’ rights operate at the rhetorical level, largely due to the lack of
political will to translate them into actual benefits. The study specifically looks at two
communities affected by xenophobic violence - Tembisa and Alexandra. Focusing on South
Africans, the study draws on information gathered through in-depth semi-structured
interviews and group discussions carried out from July through October 2011. The findings
are examined through thematic content analysis.
Books on the topic "Outside exclusion"
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Outside the pale: Cultural exclusion, gender difference, and the Victorian woman writer. Cornell University Press, 1993.
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Huskins, John. Priority steps to inclusion: Addressing underachievement, truancy and exclusion at key stages 3 & 4 : motivation, improved behaviour and learning through developing social skills and accrediting achievements outside the classroom. J. Huskins, 2001.
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The faith of the outsider: Exclusion and inclusion in the biblical story. William B. Eerdmans Pub. Co., 2005.
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Exclusion et politique à São Paulo: Les outsiders de la démocratie au Brésil. Karthala, 2006.
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Lascurettes, Kyle M. Orders of Exclusion. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190068547.001.0001.
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When and why do powerful countries seek to enact major changes to international order, the broad set of rules that guide behavior in world politics? This question is particularly important today given the Trump administration’s clear disregard for the reigning liberal international order in the United States. Across the globe, there is also uncertainty over what China might seek to replace that order with as it continues to amass power and influence. Together, these developments mean that what motivates great powers to shape and change order will remain at the forefront of debates over the future of world politics. Prior studies have focused on how the origins of international orders have been consensus-driven and inclusive. By contrast, this book argues that the propelling motivation for great power order building at important historical junctures has typically been exclusionary, centered around combatting other actors rather than cooperatively engaging with them. Dominant powers pursue fundamental changes to order when they perceive a major new threat on the horizon. Moreover, they do so for the purpose of targeting this perceived threat, be it another powerful state or a foreboding ideological movement. The goal of foundational rule writing in international relations, then, is blocking that threatening entity from amassing further influence, a motive Lascurettes illustrates at work across more than three hundred years of history. Far from falling outside of the bounds of traditional statecraft, order building is the continuation of power politics by other means.
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McLaughlin, Rob. United Nations Security Council Practice in Relation to Use of Force in No-Fly Zones and Maritime Exclusion Zones. Edited by Marc Weller. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199673049.003.0012.
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This chapter examines UN Security Council practice with respect to the use of force in no-fly zones and maritime exclusion zones. It considers whether the law governing the zone is based or not based on the law of armed conflict (LOAC) and whether the law on the use of force inside the zone is essentially the same as that outside it. It also assesses the effect of the Security Council’s act of declaring or acquiescing in the zone on the law that is normally applicable in the ocean or airspace enclosed by the zone. The chapter also analyses whether the Security Council can authorize the use of lethal force for the purpose of enforcing a mandate despite the absence of LOAC authorization. It discusses the notion of a ‘third paradigm’ for use of lethal force and the concept of ‘self-defence’ endorsed by the Security Council (and the UN more generally).
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Tofighi, Fatima. Unveiling the European Woman. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198722618.003.0027.
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In recent years, many biblical scholars have tried to uncover the unethical readings of scriptures. Despite the relatively high prevalence of ethical exegesis, the ramifications of biblical scholarship for people outside Judaism and Christianity have yet to be taken into account. In this essay, I will focus on the interpretation of the veil in ecclesiastical literature and what it entails for both European self-understanding and the exclusion of the veil from the public. I will start by a survey of the reception history of 1 Corinthians 11:5–16, where Paul admonishes women to cover their heads veil praying or prophesying. Then, I will show how the reinterpretation of this passage in modern literature was tantamount to the exclusion of the veil as foreign to European identity.
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Hass, Christine C., and Jerry W. Dragoo. Competition and coexistence in sympatric skunks. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759805.003.0024.
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Ecological niches of three species of skunks (Mephitidae: Conepatus leuconotus, Mephitis mephitis, M. macroura) in and near their overlap zone in the American Southwest were studied to determine if competition may be limiting distribution of these species. A species distribution model developed in MaxEnt was used to identify suitable habitat for each species, from which contact zones for each species pair were identified. Principal components derived from habitat and climate variables inside and outside of contact zones for each species, and between species pairs within the contact zone were then compared. Species differed in environmental space inside and outside of contact zones, but species pairs did not differ within contact zones, indicating no evidence of competitive exclusion, and possible niche convergence at a broad spatial scale
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Fox, Eleanor M. Outsider Antitrust. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198810674.003.0003.
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The United Nations has published the Sustainable Development Goals, which it aspires to achieve by 2030. The goals aspire to end poverty and hunger, build dignity, and create an inclusive, safe, and environmentally sound society. To much of the world community, markets are the problem, not the solution. This chapter argues the contrary; namely, that markets properly harnessed to work for development and for the people are an essential prong in the plan to end poverty, hunger, and exclusion by empowering people to help themselves. It shows how Competition Law in the service of markets helps to achieve these goals.
Book chapters on the topic "Outside exclusion"
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Rossen, Janice. "Exclusion: Outside University Walls." In The University in Modern Fiction. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22846-1_2.
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Sung, Hung-En, Sheyla Delgado, Deysbel Peña, and Amalia Paladino. "Tyrannizing Strangers for Profit: Wage Theft, Cross-Border Migrant Workers, and the Politics of Exclusion in an Era of Global Economic Integration." In Outside Justice. Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6648-2_13.
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Adams, Felicity, and Fabienne Emmerich. "Mapping the Manifestations of Exclusion: Challenging the Incarceration of Queer People." In The Queer Outside in Law. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48830-7_5.
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Tournier, Isabelle, and Lucie Vidovićová. "Introduction: Framing Community and Spatial Exclusion." In International Perspectives on Aging. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51406-8_14.
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AbstractThis section focuses on the community and spatial aspects of social exclusion. For this introduction, we define the community aspect of exclusion as the unintended reduction of participation in local life and spatial aspects of exclusion as the unintended reduction of mobility outside and inside of a person’s home. Fighting against social exclusion of older adults is a priority due to the negative effects of exclusion on older adults’ quality of life as well as on the equity and cohesion of an ageing society as a whole (adapted from Levitas et al. 2007 in Walsh et al. 2017, p. 83). Place, as a socio-spatial phenomenon, can shape older adults’ lives and their experiences of social exclusion. It encompasses dimensions such as social and relational aspects of place, amenities and build environment, place-based policy and experiential belonging. The purpose of this chapter is to briefly introduce some allied concepts related to older people’s relationship with their place and environment, and broadly illustrate the relevance of this relationship to old-age social exclusion. The chapter closes with a short introduction to each contribution within this section.
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Prozorov, Sergei. "A European Country Outside Europe: EU Enlargement and the Problematic of Exclusion." In Understanding Conflict between Russia and the EU. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230625334_2.
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Shaban, Abdul, and Zinat Aboli. "Socio-spatial Segregation and Exclusion in Mumbai." In The Urban Book Series. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64569-4_8.
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AbstractIndian society is characterised by significant horizontal (religious, regional, linguistic) and vertical (income, occupation, caste) divisions. These socio-economic fragmentations significantly shape the production of space in cities. In fact, all major cities in the country are pervaded by socio-spatial divides, which often become sources of conflict, violence, exclusion and, also, solidarity. Mumbai is the industrial, commercial and financial capital of the country. Bollywood has, over the years, helped in carving out a distinct (pan) Indian identity for itself and the city, both within and outside India, and is a major rallying and unifying aspect for India. Among all its glitter, the city is also infamous for its underworld (originating from its excluded and marginalised neighbourhoods), slums and poor residential areas. The city is pervaded by socio-spatial fragmentation and is a divided city. This chapter shows that the highest level of segregation in Mumbai is based on religion (Muslims and Non-Muslims), followed by class, caste and tribe.
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Andersen, John, Annette Bilfeldt, Marianne Mahler, and Lone Sigbrand. "How Can Urban Design and Architecture Support Spatial Inclusion for Nursing Home Residents?" In International Perspectives on Aging. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51406-8_31.
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AbstractSocial exclusion refers to a process by which “individuals or groups...are denied the opportunity of participation, whether they actually desire to participate or not” (MacLeod et al. 2017; Barry 2002,p.16). In relation to old-age social exclusion, Tournier and Vidovicova (2019) have defined spatial and community exclusion as “the unintended reduction of mobility outside the personal home (spatial component) and of participation in local life (community component)”. Against this background, nursing home residents may be regarded as experiencing a heightened risk of spatial and community social exclusion because their need to be spatially included has not been prioritised in traditional nursing home architecture and urban planning. More recently, alternative concepts of integrating nursing home residents within the local communities have received increasing attention within policy and practice initiatives. The overall aim of this chapter is to present knowledge about innovative approaches to prevent social exclusion of nursing home residents from urban space and local life. Three cases are chosen from Denmark and one from The Netherlands. The four cases share the aim of reducing old-age social exclusion of nursing home residents. Based on the four cases, we discuss the different ways in which urban design and architecture can contribute to combatting social exclusion.
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Pine, Frances. "The Village, the City and the Outside World: Integration and Exclusion in Two Regions of Rural Poland." In Post-Socialist Peasant? Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230376427_7.
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Villar, Feliciano, Rodrigo Serrat, Annette Bilfeldt, and Joe Larragy. "Older People in Long-Term Care Institutions: A Case of Multidimensional Social Exclusion." In International Perspectives on Aging. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51406-8_23.
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AbstractLiving in a long-term care (LTC) institution provides older people experiencing health and social problems with a comprehensive range of support services that address their quality of life. Despite access to such services, challenges arise in relation to their participation in key activities both within and outside the institution. This chapter examines such challenges, reviewing and describing ways to prevent exclusion along various domains, specifically social relationships, civic participation and socio-cultural life. Firstly, we discuss ways in which bio-medical models of care and the quality control systems, which are dominant in LTC services, standardise care, tending to put decisions exclusively in hands of staff, taking away residents’ autonomy, and ultimately curtailing rights and citizenship status. Secondly, we examine how LTC services might prevent such exclusion and promote older people’s participation in at least four respects: (1) prompting and supporting residents’ ability to take decisions on their own care, (2) favouring the maintenance and creation of social relationships, (3) enabling residents’ participation in the activities and management of the institution, and (4) guaranteeing residents’ rights and full access to citizenship. We discuss the impact and limitations of recent initiatives put into practice in these areas of practice.
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Sorrels, Katherine. "The Jewish Dilemma of Exclusion in Late Imperial Central Europe." In Cosmopolitan Outsiders. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-72062-0_2.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Outside exclusion"
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Bastidas, Carlos H., and Yang Liu. "Relocating source points outside exclusion zones on 3-D seismic survey designs: An optimized strategy." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2019. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/segam2019-3215587.1.
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Gerchikov, Mark Y., L. Mark, C. Dutton, Elizabeth J. Kennett, Dmitry A. Bugai, and Nikolay I. Proskura. "Analysis of Waste Arisings From the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone." In ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1176.
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Abstract The paper reviews the findings of a recent international study to characterise the waste arising from the decommissioning of dumps in the Industrial Zone of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant and the Exclusion Zone. Studied sites included the Industrial Zone outside the Sarcophagus, three engineered disposal sites (the so-called PZRO), non-engineered near surface trench dumps (PVLRO), contaminated soil and sites of ‘unauthorised’ disposal within the Exclusion Zone. The paper summarises the inventory of wastes, the management options, which have been considered for various dumps, and the resulting estimates of the volumes of waste streams, as well as the approach that was used in the decision-making process.
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Smilden, Emil, and Asgeir J. Sørensen. "Application of a Speed Exclusion Zone Algorithm on a Large 10MW Offshore Wind Turbine." In ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2016-54845.
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To optimize tower design it is desirable to relax the constraint of having to place natural frequencies outside the rotor and blade passing frequency-bands. A speed exclusion zone algorithm is tested to assess its effectiveness on preventing tower resonance caused by 3p thrust oscillations. The effect of the speed exclusion zone algorithm on power output is also considered. A simulation model adequate for qualitative testing of the algorithm is developed and implemented in the simulation tool Simulink by MathWorks. The model is based on a 10MW offshore wind turbine and includes a simplified representation of rotor aerodynamics, drive-train and generator dynamics and a two-dimesional finite element representation of the tower and support structure. To support simulations a rotor speed controller is implemented together with wind models accounting for wind shear, tower shadow, turbulence and rotational sampling. A significant reduction in tower vibration is seen with a ±10% speed exclusion zone. A exclusion zone width of ±5% is shown to increase tower vibrations in some cases. The speed exclusion zone algorithm will lead to a reduction in power output for a ±10% and ±15% speed exclusion zone. For the ±5% speed exclusion zone no significant change in power output is observed.
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Gabrielsen, Øystein, Kjell Larsen, Svein Helge Gjøsund, et al. "Qualification Method for Cut Resistant Jackets for Fiber Mooring Ropes." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/30962-ms.
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Abstract The Aasta Hansteen spar platform in the Norwegian Sea has a polyester rope mooring system. The anchors and large parts of the polyester ropes are outside of the safety exclusion zone granted by the Norwegian authorities. Fishing vessels cannot be denied as long as they are outside of the safety zone, and the polyester mooring ropes need to withstand abrasion loads from the possible fishing activity. A fishing activity study in 2013 defined probability for fishing, size of possible fishing vessels and type of fishing equipment. Numerical simulations of the mooring system and crossing fishing trawl equipment made it possible to establish trawl abrasion load cases, including trawl wire lengths, speed and contact pressure. No jacket design or jacket material was at the time confirmed to withstand the established abrasion loads. The jacket solution to be chosen for the project thus needed to be specially developed, designed, tested and approved to give sufficient resistance against the established abrasion loads. Several vendors developed and offered different jacket solutions, and the selection of cut resistant jacket was dependent on adequate testing. Based on input and comments from Equinor and rope vendors, DNV constructed a test rig extension to their 2500T horizontal test bed, where the required length of trawl wire was pulled over the polyester rope with the needed contact pressure. Full-size (diameter) ropes with the proposed cut resistant jackets were tested, including break strength testing after the abrasion test. This paper presents how the possible trawl activity was defined, the numerical simulation of trawl/mooring line interaction, the test rig setup and some test results of the trawl wire abrasion testing.
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Horacek, Ladislav. "Progress in RI ISI Applications for WWER 440 and WWER 1000 Type Piping Systems." In ASME 2009 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2009-77165.
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The technical publication contains a review of four risk informed inservice inspection pilot studies focused on WWER 440 and WWER 1000 type piping systems. All applications conducted in close co-operation with EPRI staff were based on modified EPRI RI ISI methodology for WWER type NPPs. Two of four pilot studies belonged to the EPRI methodology extension for Break Exclusion Region (high energy piping). All results and lessons learnt are shortly presented and discussed. The above RI ISI pilot studies were conducted for the following systems: 1. Primary piping including pressurizer piping surge lines at Dukovany NPP (WWER 440 type reactors, Czech Republic) 2. Low pressure emergency core cooling piping system (LP ECCS) at Temeli´n NPP (WWER 1000, Czech Republic) 3. No break zone (NBZ) application for steam line piping outside containment at Khmelnitskyi NPP (WWER 1000 type reactors, Ukraine). 4. No break zone application for steam line and feed water line piping outside containment at Temeli´n NPP (WWER 1000 type reactors, Czech Republic). Two studies are discussed in detail. The results for LP ECCS can be summarised as follows: from 115 welds in class 1 only 16 welds ranked in risk category 2 (RC2) with thermal fatigue potential, 42 welds in RC4 with no degradation mechanism identified (all welds with high consequence) and 57 welds in low RC6. From 671 welds in Class 2 only 19 welds ranked in RC5 with thermal fatigue or cavitation potential. The rest of 652 welds were ranked in low RC6 or RC7. The number of inspections applied were substantially changed from the point of inspections performed according to current ISI programme and proposed RI ISI examinations. The former 73 VT and PT examinations in the current ISI programme were proposed to be replaced by 12 UT inspections of which 5 are proposed as qualified mechanised UT examinations in case of identified potential to thermal fatigue damage mechanism. The pilot study at Khmelnitskyi NPP Unit 2 was ordered by IAEA. Based on the RI ISI pilot study results, nine of 67 Class 2 welds were selected for recommended qualified UT mechanized inspections. No Class 3 weld of total number 18 welds was included in the RI ISI programme. The risk impact acceptance criteria 1E−7 per system and 1E−8 per year for CDF and LERF were applied according to EPRI methodology in compliance with guidelines of the Czech Regulatory Body.
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Mora, Silvia, and Damian Martinez. "Drilling in Slips: Strategies to Measure the Invisible Lost Time, Technical Limits Definition, Using Standard Analytics and Machine Learning Algorithms." In SPE/IADC Middle East Drilling Technology Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/202086-ms.
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Abstract Drilling is probably the most critical, complex, and costly operation in the oil and gas industry and unfortunately, errors made during the activities related are very expensive. Therefore, inefficient drilling activities such as connection duration outside of optimal times can have a considerable financial impact, so there is always a need to improve drilling efficiency. It is for this fact, that the measure of different behaviors and the duration of the drilling activities represent a significant opportunity in order to maximize the cost saving per well or campaign. Reducing the cost impact and maximizing the drilling efficiency are defined by the way used to calculate the perfect well time by the technical limit, non-productive time (NPT), and invisible lost time (ILT), in an operating company drilling plan. Different approaches to measure the invisible lost time that could be present in the in slips activity on the drilling operation are compared. Results show the differences between multiple techniques applied in real environments coming from a cloud platform. The methodologies implemented are based on the following scenarios, the first one use a combination of a custom technical limit based on technical experience, the historical data limit using standard measures (mean, average, quartiles, standard deviation, etc.), and a depth range variable (phases) differentiation, initial, intermediate, and final hole sizes is used. A complexity comparison uses the rig stand and phase footage variables for base line (count and duration) definition per phase, the non-productive time activities exclusion and data replace techniques mixing with an out of standard time detection in slips behavior (motor assemblies, bit replacing, bottom hole assembly (BHA), etc.) using standard and machine learning mechanisms. A final methodology implements an in slip ILT by technical limit definition using machine learning. The results using the same data set (set of wells) and coming from the different methods has been evaluated according to the total invisible lost time calculated per phase, percentage of activities evaluated with invisible lost time per phase and the variation of ILT considering the activities defining the technical limit. Finally, the potential implementation by any operator can be evaluated for these methodologies according to their specific requirements. This analysis creates a guideline to operating companies about multiple techniques to calculate ILT, some using innovative procedures applied on machine learning models.
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‘Arub, Lathifah, Eti Poncorini Pamungkasari, and Yulia Lanti Retno Dewi. "Multiple Logistic Regression on the Factors Affecting Exclusive Breastfeeding Practice in Karanganyar, Central Java." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.89.
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ABSTRACT Background: Breastfeeding peer support helps lactating women to sustain breastfed and reduce cultural barriers. This study aimed to examine the effects of maternal age, maternal education, maternal employment, type of labor, knowledge, attitude, family support, and social capital on breastfeeding practice. Subjects and Method: A cross sectional study was conducted at 25 integrated health posts in Karanganyar, Central Java, from August to September 2019. A sample of 200 lactating mothers with children aged 7-12 months was selected by stratified random sampling. The dependent variable was exclusive breastfeeding. The independent variables were maternal age, maternal education, maternal employment, type of labor, knowledge, attitude, family support, and social capital. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a multipe logistic regression. Results: Exclusive breastfeeding increased with maternal age 20-34 years (b= 1.96; 95% CI= 0.53 to 3.39; p= 0.007), maternal education ≥Senior high school (b= 1.47; 95% CI= 0.08 to 2.87; p= 0.038), good knowledge (b= 1.73; 95% CI= 0.33 to 3.12; p= 0.015), positive attitude (b= 1.61; 95% CI= 0.28 to 2.94; p= 0.017), strong family support (b= 1.39; 95% CI= 0.13 to 2.65; p= 0.030), and strong social capital (b= 1.34; 95% CI= 0.01 to 2.68; p= 0.049). Exclusive breastfeeding decreased with mothers working outside the house (b= -2.95; 95% CI= -4.37 to -1.53; p<0.001) and sectio cesarean labor (b= -1.57; 95% CI= -3.06 to -0.08; p= 0.039). Conclusion: Exclusive breastfeeding increases with maternal age 20-34 years, maternal education ≥Senior high school, good knowledge, positive attitude, strong family support, and strong social capital. Exclusive breastfeeding decreases with mothers working outside the house and sectio cesarean labor. Keywords: exclusive breastfeeding, bipsychosocial Correspondence: Lathifah ‘Arub. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: lathifah.arub17@gmail.com. Mobile: +625789212539. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.89
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Zong, Erkai, Changqiao Shao, Chao Yang, Miao Bai, and Liqin Liu. "Study on Capacity for Exclusive Triple Left-Turn Lanes with Outside Trap Lane at Signalized Intersections." In The Twelfth COTA International Conference of Transportation Professionals. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412442.046.
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Desmyter, J. "AIDS 1987." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644751.
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AIDS virus (HIV) transmission by transfusions and blood products has been essentially halted in industrialized countries which haye introduced systematic anti-HIV screening of donations in 1985. New anti-HIV screening assays, based in part on the replacement of disrupted HIV virions by defined DNA recombinant HIV antigens, have improved specificity; sensitivity has been improved as to dectect seroconversion at an earlier stage. Confirmatory assays and (self-)exclusion of risk groups from blood donation do remain mandatory. HIVAg can be detected in some infections before antibody conversion, and HIVAg is more likely to be found in those anti-HIV positives who proceed to disease. However, there is no justification so far for routine parallel HIVAg and anti-HIV screening. There is continued uncertainty how many HIV carriers have not (yet) developed antibody, but their numbers may have been overestimated. Studies to determine how many HIV transmitters have escaped blood bank detection, and why, need to be undertaken in spite of formidable logistic difficulties.The risk of developing AIDS is now estimated at 25-50 % within 10 years after the infectious contact. It is not clear whether the risk should be estimated differently in different groups or persons. In cities in Central Africa, 5-20 % of men and women are confirmed anti-HIV positives. At least 75 % of this HIV carrier rate is due to heterosexual transmission. Heterosexual transmission has been slower in Western countries, but factors precluding slow evolution to high figures by the same route outside Africa have not been identified. Therefore, countries have no choice in advocating behaviour changes in the general population, and not only in the classical risk groups. Initial hesitations toward extended voluntary and confidential screening are dwindling. Well-conceived confidential screening may be the only way to avoid strong-armed government intervention. The latter is certain to be divisive, and is likely to be counterproductive on balance.An efficacious vaccine remains remote, but an antiviral which prolongs life by at least several months in AIDS patients, but not all of them, is now available. Zidovudine (AZT), however, is toxic and mere prolongation of life without cure will impose an additional burden on AIDS economics.A novel virus (HIV-2) has been identified and is already widespread in West-Africans. It causes AIDS, but the present ratio of AIDS cases in those infected seems lower than with HIV(-l); this feature may be transient. HIV-2 antibodies are either detected or missed by anti-HIV-1 screens; if found, they can be distinguished from anti-HIV-1 only by special confirmatory technique. New screening assays showing equal sensitivity for HIV-1 and HIV-2 in a single test should be devised. At present, HIV-2 is very rare in Western countries compared to HIV-1.
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Kusvitasari, Hairiana. "Factors Associated with Exclusive Breastfeeding among Primipara: A Scoping Review." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.04.
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ABSTRACT Background: The breastfeeding practice of primiparous mothers in developed and developing countries is influenced by various factors. The breastfeeding factor for primiparous mothers is closely related to their initial experience of giving breast milk to success and failure in achieving exclusive breastfeeding. The purpose of this study was to explore the factors that influence primiparous mothers in giving exclusive breastfeeding. Subjects and Methods: This scoping review uses an electronic bibliographic database method. Articles were obtained from 5 databases, namely Science Direct, PubMed, EBSCO, Wiley and ProQuest conducted systematically from 2009 to 2019. Articles used in this scoping review were described in the Prefered Reporting System of Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) flowchart. Results: Based on 8 articles from 421 articles obtained showed that internal factors come from the mother herself and external factors that come from outside the mother were related in giving exclusive breastfeeding. Internal factors include the initial response of primiparous mothers in exclusive breastfeeding, maternal psychology when giving exclusive breastfeeding, coping with primiparous mothers during the process of giving exclusive breastfeeding, commitment of primiparous mothers to exclusive breastfeeding. Maternal external factors include social support for primiparous mothers in providing exclusive breastfeeding and socio-culture to primiparous mothers in providing exclusive breastfeeding. Conclusion: The most influential internal factor is the primiparous mother’s psychological factor. The most influential external factor is socio-culture. There are still many countries that adhere to socio-culture which can hinder the process of exclusive breastfeeding. Keywords: exclusive breastfeeding, internal factors, external factors, mother Correspondence: Hairiana Kusvitasari. Universitas ‘Aisyiyah Yogyakarta. Jl. Ringroad Barat No.63, Mlangi Nogotirto, Gamping, Rice Field Area, Nogotirto, Kec. Gamping, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta Special Region 55592, Indonesia. Email: hairianasari@gmail.com: Mobile: 082251977627 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.04
Reports on the topic "Outside exclusion"
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Bell, Jack, Rik Law, Howell Li, Ben Anderson, and Darcy M. Bullock. New Opportunities for Automated Pedestrian Performance Measures. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317351.
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Pedestrian safety is an important concern when evaluating intersections. Previous literature has shown that exclusive pedestrian phases improve safety, but at the expense of imposing greater pedestrian and motorist delay. However, outside of crash data, there are no easily implementable performance measures for pedestrians at traffic signals. This study proposes two performance metrics: (1) a time-to-jaywalk measure, and (2) the Conflict Occupancy Ratio (COR) for evaluating concurrent pedestrian signal phasing with turning vehicles. The COR quantifies conflicts between turning vehicles and pedestrians in the crosswalk. The COR is based upon a commercially deployed video detection system that correctly identified the presence of pedestrians to within two per cycle in this study. This performance is likely sufficient for the current application, but as the technology matures it will provide a scalable screening tool to identify intersections that have opportunities for capacity adjustments or warrant further direct field investigation.
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National report 2009-2019 - Rural NEET in Hungary. OST Action CA 18213: Rural NEET Youth Network: Modeling the risks underlying rural NEETs social exclusion, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/cisrnyn.nrhu.2020.12.
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In Hungary, NEET Youth are faced with many problems: social exclusion; lack of opportunities (e.g., education, health, infrastructure, public transport, labour market conditions); low so-cio-economic status; and, a lack of relationships outside the enclosed settlements. In Hungary, the most frequent risk factors are: a socio-economically disadvantageous envi-ronment; low levels of education and schooling problems; lack of proper housing; financial problems; learning difficulties; dissatisfaction with the school; socio-emotional disorders; delinquency; health problems; homelessness; and, drug or alcohol abuse. NEET Youth are fa-cing with this multi-dimensional difficulties, regional disparities and a lack of proper services.The general employment statistics have been improving in Hungary since 2010. The emplo-yment rate of the 15-39-year-old population has increased from 53.0% to 62.5% between 2009 - 2019. The employment rate improved in every type of settlement/area. The improve-ment can be attributed to the community work in the marginalised regions micro-regions and settlements. The NEET rate shows a considerable improvement of nearly 40% between 2009 and 2019 in the urban environment for all age groups. A slight improvement can be detected in the towns and urban environment, which amounts to 25% for all age groups between 2009 and 2019. However special services and targeted programmes are required to make a diffe-rence for NEET Youth.