To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Outside exclusion.
Journal articles on the topic 'Outside exclusion'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Outside exclusion.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Marcus, Kenneth H., and Yong Chen. "Inside and Outside Chinatown: Chinese Elites in Exclusion Era California." Pacific Historical Review 80, no. 3 (2011): 369–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2011.80.3.369.
Full textAbstract:
Chinese elites who were exempted from the Exclusion Act of 1882 became important figures in interethnic dialogue in the West. This article focuses on herbalists and missionaries, who were often able to cross boundaries of race, geography, and gender through their professions. In comparing the experiences of these elites in Los Angeles with their counterparts in San Francisco—the two cities in California with the highest Chinese populations by 1890—the authors demonstrate how a limited degree of inclusion was possible during a period of extreme discrimination and race hatred. The examination of photographs, newspaper articles and advertisements, memoirs, and other materials provides a way to understand the class dimensions of the Exclusion Act in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century California.
2
Keatinge, R. M. "Exclusion from Resuscitation." Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 82, no. 7 (1989): 402–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014107688908200711.
Full textAbstract:
Resuscitation was attempted for 156 (19.9%) of the 783 cases in St Thomas's Hospital, aged 16 or over, who suffered first cardiac or respiratory arrest of the current admission during the year to 13 April 1987. Seventeen (11%) of the 156 were discharged alive from hospital after resuscitation. All seventeen had been active outside the home before admission, and all except one remained so after discharge. The factors which were associated with exclusion from resuscitation attempts are analysed. Most accorded with known prognostic factors, but resuscitation was attempted for some persons who seemed to have little chance of benefiting from resuscitation attempts. Routine collection, analysis, and dissemination of information on pre-arrest characteristics in relation to their outcome, on which clinicians can base their decision to with-hold resuscitation in the event of an arrest, is recommended.
3
Goodin, Robert E. "Inclusion and exclusion." European Journal of Sociology 37, no. 2 (1996): 343–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003975600007219.
Full textAbstract:
Many familiar political projects—among them, demands for participation, for citizenship and for free movement and open borders—have been recently subsumed within a larger crusade against ‘social exclusion’. But each of these political projects seems better understood, and better pursued, in its own original terms. Furthermore, inclusionist appeals logically backfire: explicitly they are expansionist, urging the stretching of boundaries of membership so as to include those who were previously excluded; but every inclusion implies an exclusion (there can be no ‘inside’ without an ‘outside’); so indusionist appeals are implicitly consenting to a closed community, albeit one with a rather broader catchment. We ought to be striving instead for different kinds of communities, ones less internally inclusive and less externally exclusive. This amounts to a call for multiple overlapping jurisdictions, with many places where one can seek social support and many places where one might lodge a demand or file an appeal.
4
Mcivor, Andrew. "Exclusion Spirometry: A Bad Idea." Canadian Respiratory Journal 11, no. 3 (2004): 186–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2004/609730.
Full textAbstract:
No single item or combination of items from the bedside clinical examination can rule out airflow obstruction; for this purpose, spirometry is essential. I, like my colleagues, visually conceptualize chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients using objective lung function testing. I am well aware that spirometry has neither been accepted nor widely performed outside of specialist practice (1). In this issue of theCanadian Respiratory Journal, Almirall and Bégin (pages 195 to 196) provide a very reasoned argument suggesting that obtaining isolated normal values of spirometric indexes can exclude certain conditions.
5
SEYFANG, GILL. "Working Outside the Box: Community Currencies, Time Banks and Social Inclusion." Journal of Social Policy 33, no. 1 (2004): 49–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279403007232.
Full textAbstract:
A conceptual framework is developed for analysing UK social policy with respect to work, employment, inclusion and income. A range of possibilities for ‘productive engagement in work’ (PEW) outside the home are identified, ranging from formal employment, through informal employment, working for local community currencies, to unpaid voluntary work, each attracting particular policy responses, according to the hegemonic discourse of social exclusion, namely a liberal individualistic model which sees insertion into the labour market as the solution to exclusion. A new initiative is examined which is increasingly being adopted by local authorities in their efforts to tackle social exclusion and build social capital, namely ‘time banks’: a type of community currency which rewards people in time credits for the work they put into their neighbourhoods. Time banks are found to occupy a space in between what is already known about informal employment, LETS (Local Exchange Trading Schemes) and volunteering, raising a number of issues for policy makers and practitioners. While time banks may be promoted within the UK government's social inclusion remit as a means of increasing job-readiness through volunteering, they have wider and deeper implications. They represent a response to a radical social democratic understanding of social exclusion and hence exert a collective effort to redefine what is considered ‘valuable work’, and thus present an alternative to hegemonic paradigms of work and welfare; their greatest potential is as a radical tool for collective social capital building, resulting in more effective social, economic and political citizenship, and hence social inclusion. Policy recommendations are made to enable time banks to flourish and provide a powerful tool for achieving social inclusion objectives.
6
Maxwell, Catherine, and Elsie B. Michie. "Outside the Pale: Cultural Exclusion, Gender Difference, and the Victorian Woman Writer." Modern Language Review 90, no. 1 (1995): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3733282.
Full text
7
Normington, Joan, and Chris Kyriacou. "Exclusion from High Schools and the Work of the Outside Agencies Involved." Pastoral Care in Education 12, no. 4 (1994): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02643949409470892.
Full text
8
Slavcev, Roderick A., Harold J. Bull та Sidney Hayes. "Bacteriophage λ repressor allelic modulation of the Rex exclusion phenotype". Canadian Journal of Microbiology 49, № 3 (2003): 225–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w03-021.
Full textAbstract:
The sensitivity of Δred-gamΔren mutants of bacteriophage λ to Rex exclusion by λrexA+rexB+lysogens is modulated by the prophage cI repressor allele. We show the following: (i) λspi156Δnin5 forms plaques on a cI+rexA+rexB+lysogen with 105-fold higher efficiency than on cI[Ts]rexA+rexB+derivatives. (ii) The cI[Ts]857 allele augmentation of Rex exclusion is recessive to cI+. (iii) The cI857-mediated increase in Rex exclusion activity involves the participation of a genetic element mapping outside of cIrexArexB. Key words: bacteriophage lambda (λ), CI repressor, Rex exclusion phenotype, cIrexArexB operon, bacteriophage λspi156Δnin5, cI[Ts]857, cI[Ts]2.
9
Coats, Lauren, Matt Cohen, John David Miles, Kinohi Nishikawa, and Rebecca Walsh. "Those We Don't Speak Of: Indians in The Village." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 123, no. 2 (2008): 358–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2008.123.2.358.
Full textAbstract:
American literary studies has shown that the symbolic exclusion of Native Americans from the Puritan and early national imaginaries was an essential component of the making of an American identity. This argument builds on reading practices that stress literary-historical contextualization. Our essay considers how M. Night Shyamalan's film The Village (2004) addresses the continuing relevance of Native American exclusion from the national imaginary not by faithfully representing “history” but by layering its narrative with multiple historical registers. Realized through editing, cinematography, and set design, these registers—seventeenth-century Puritan, turn-of-the-twentieth-century utopian, and “the present”—are stage-managed by a group of idealistic elders who wish to protect their community from the evils of the world outside. While most critics have reduced The Village to an allegory of post-9/11 United States political culture, we propose a viewing of the film as parable that marks historical collapses and exclusions as the limits of utopia.
10
Vogel, Jason G., and David W. Valentine. "Small root exclusion collars provide reasonable estimates of root respiration when measured during the growing season of installation." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35, no. 9 (2005): 2112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x05-117.
Full textAbstract:
A common method to determine in situ root respiration is to insert root exclusions to sever roots and then to measure soil carbon dioxide (CO2) efflux in and outside the exclusion. We report the use of relatively small root exclusions (15.2 cm diameter plastic pipe) (SREs), installed and measured within a growing season. We switched from long-used, large root exclusions (2.5 m × 3 m) (LREs) for three reasons. First, temperature artifacts were apparent in LREs, likely because increased soil moisture altered soil thermal balance. Second, LREs in dense stands required a relatively low tree density, which then impacted snowpack depth and insolation. Third, the LREs were much more time-consuming to install than SREs. Using a powered mechanical trencher (ditch witch®) decreased LRE installation time, but introduced a large edge-effect apparent in soil profile pCO2 that would obviate trenched plots smaller than 1600 cm2. However, when trenches were dug by hand, the distance from the LRE wall had no effect on soil pCO2. In a subsequent experiment, SREs were installed by cleanly cutting the forest floor, and then immediately measured. Within 1-3 weeks the SREs provided similar root respiration estimates to those made with LREs that had been in place for nearly 10 months. SREs placed in and outside LREs provided indistinguishable microbial respiration values from one another and to the LREs. We conclude SREs provide root respiration estimates indistinguishable from other methods, even when installed and measured within the same growing season.
11
Allen Nan, Susan. "Conflict Resolution in a Network Society." International Negotiation 13, no. 1 (2008): 111–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/138234008x297995.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis article explores the import of the network society for conflict resolution, broadly defined. Defining networks as social structures which connect people to each other, the article highlights the dual potential impacts of networks on participation in conflict resolution processes. Network society discourse creates a discourse of inclusion while also offering opportunities for exclusion. Conflict resolution theory has embraced the inclusive potential of network dynamics both implicitly and explicitly. Peacebuilders use networks, with their potential for participation and connecting conflict resolution processes, levels, and sectors, in efforts to do their peacebuilding work better. However, not all networks support conflict resolution. Networks can also reinforce conflicts, institutionalize exploitation, exacerbate inequalities, and strengthen violent conflict movements. Networks can be distinguished as inclusive or exclusive. Inclusive networks are more suitable for supporting meaningful participation in conflict resolution processes, while exclusive networks entrench conflict. Vibrant networks incorporate more inclusive and more exclusive dynamics in network vitality that allows both flexibly incorporating diversity and developing clarity of focus that inevitably delineates areas (or people or activities) outside the area of focus. Meaningful inclusion and participation in conflict resolution negotiations is broadly possible through inclusive networks, but forms of exclusion from conflict resolution negotiations are equally possible outgrowths of exclusive networks.
12
Svensson, Eva. "Heritage and development outside the metropolis." Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development 5, no. 1 (2015): 4–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jchmsd-07-2013-0029.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the contribution of heritage and participation to sustainable development in a postindustrial context. Special attention is paid to the problematic fields of attractiveness, growth and participation. New ways of working this field are called for. Design/methodology/approach – The study relies on retrospectiveparticipatory observation, citizen participation and document analysis. Findings – There is a complex relationship between experts and citizens/participants, and heritage and history are considered to be domains of experts. Therefore heritage projects have problems surviving the exodus of experts. Heritage is not perceived as asset for building new businesses by most citizens, but as values “out there”. Heritage may function as a meeting place, attracting different groups of people, but there are complex mechanisms of inclusion and exclusion. A model and a method are put forward for uniting experts and citizens, and driving the integration of heritage in other sectors of society to create innovative sustainability processes. Research limitations/implications – A single case study, taking place under special conditions. However, both the results and the context correspond well with similar studies. Practical implications – Furthering of integration of heritage management and antiquarian actions in other societal sectors. Social implications – More stable networks of citizens/stakeholders and antiquarians. Originality/value – A fairly large project involving a multitude of stakeholders and societal interests.
13
Rinella, Matthew J. "Assessing Invasiveness of Exotic Weeds outside their Current Invasive Range." Invasive Plant Science and Management 6, no. 4 (2013): 545–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-d-13-00033.1.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractWhen exotic species invade a region, it becomes important to assess their invasiveness in adjacent uninvaded regions to determine if weed prevention measures are needed. Leafy spurge and knapweed species are absent from the vast majority of eastern Montana, but the region is surrounded by regions heavily invaded by these species. To assess invasiveness of leafy spurge and Russian and spotted knapweed in common eastern Montana grassland sites, I introduced these species to three sites as seeds (120 live seeds plot−1) and seedlings (6 plot−1). I assessed how common grazing regimes influenced invasiveness by imposing cattle, sheep, mixed grazing (i.e., cattle plus sheep), and grazing exclusion treatments for 7 yr. Invader survival did not appear to differ greatly among sheep, cattle, and mixed grazing treatments, but excluding grazing lowered probabilities that plots maintained invaders for the entire study period at two of three sites. At these same sites, grazing exclusion increased growth rates of those invaders that did survive, at least in the case of leafy spurge. Regardless of grazing treatment or site, however, large proportions of plots did not maintain invaders through the end of the study period. At one heavy clay site, only one small leafy spurge plant persisted through the end of the study. In the seventh study year, the plots with the most leafy spurge and Russian knapweed produced 222 and 112 stems, respectively, and the stems remained mostly confined to the 2- by 2-m plots. These findings suggest that, barring intense disturbance, leafy spurge and spotted and Russian knapweed might be incapable of invading some grasslands of eastern Montana, particularly upland sites with high clay content. Any upland sites in the region these species are capable of invading will likely be invaded only very slowly.
14
Bartley, Leanne, and Encarnación Hidalgo-Tenorio. "“To be Irish, gay, and on the outside”." Journal of Language and Sexuality 5, no. 1 (2016): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jls.5.1.01bar.
Full textAbstract:
The last two decades have witnessed very important economic and legislative changes in the Republic of Ireland, which have contributed to both the reinforcement of national beliefs, and the restructuring of traditional values as well as social practices. In this context, the tendency for some extremist groups to attack minorities such as Asians or Eastern Europeans, along with the allegedly institutionalised exclusion of Travellers, contrasts very much with a slowly but increasingly overall positive perception of an already marginalised group such as the LGBT community. Bearing the latter in mind, in this paper we aim to reveal how otherness is represented in the Irish print media, and the extent to which more or less discriminatory viewpoints are reinforced in the public domain. In particular, we concentrate on the discursive construction of gayness, and the potential homophobic imagery veiled and revealed in a corpus of newspaper articles from the last years of, and after, the so-called Celtic Tiger era. To do this, the detection of topoi will be combined with metaphor analysis.
15
Thompson, Ron, Lisa Russell, and Robin Simmons. "Space, place and social exclusion: an ethnographic study of young people outside education and employment." Journal of Youth Studies 17, no. 1 (2013): 63–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2013.793793.
Full text
16
Wang, Jiun-Hao, and Szu-Yung Wang. "Indigenous Social Policy and Social Inclusion in Taiwan." Sustainability 11, no. 12 (2019): 3458. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11123458.
Full textAbstract:
Social exclusion problems are inevitable in achieving social sustainability. Minorities or indigenous people encounter social exclusion from mainstream society in many countries. However, relatively little is known about the multiple disadvantages in different social welfare domains experienced by these indigenes. The objective of this study is to address indigenous social exclusion by focusing on their access to social welfare benefits. Data used in this study were drawn from the Social Change and Policy of Taiwanese Indigenous Peoples Survey, which included 2040 respondents. Logistic regression results revealed that, compared with their counterparts, the likelihood of being excluded from social welfare payments is higher for those who are plains indigenes, live outside of designated indigenous areas and participate less in local organizations. Besides varying the effects of ordinary explanatory variables on social exclusion across different exclusion models, this study further provides empirical evidence of the multidimensional disadvantages of indigenous peoples in receiving needed social welfare benefits.
17
HENRIQUES, ZELMA WESTON, and NORMA MANATU-RUPERT. "Living on the Outside: African American Women Before, During, and After Imprisonment." Prison Journal 81, no. 1 (2001): 6–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032885501081001002.
Full textAbstract:
This article examines the multiple issues that contribute to the incarceration of African American women and threaten to render these women recidivists. These issues include but are not limited to substance abuse, sexual abuse, fractured familial relations, and abusive intimate relationships. In an attempt to examine these issues, the article explores how, prior to their imprisonment, social factors contravene African American women's attempts at enforcing their traditional roles as “women.” The article attempts to show that the increased incarceration of African American women is part of a cultural phenomenon that reflects their social exclusion in U.S. society.
18
Gong, Y. M., A. Mohammat, X. J. Liu, et al. "Response of carbon dioxide emissions to sheep grazing and N application in an alpine grassland – Part 1: Effect of sheep grazing." Biogeosciences 11, no. 7 (2014): 1743–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-1743-2014.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Previous work has failed to address fully the response of (autotrophic and heterotrophic) respiration to grazing in different ecosystems, particularly in alpine grasslands outside the growing season. From 2010 to 2011 a field experiment combined two methods (static closed chambers and a closed dynamic soil CO2 flux system) in alpine grasslands located in the Tianshan Mountains. We examined the effects of grazing regime on ecosystem respiration (Re) both outside (NGS) and during (GS) the growing season and determined the pattern of Re in relation to climate change. There was no significant change in CO2 emissions under grazing. Heterotrophic respiration (Rh) accounted for 78.5% of Re with short-term grazing exclusion and 93.2% of Re with long-term grazing exclusion. Re, Rh and autotrophic respiration (Ra) fluxes outside the growing season were equivalent to 12.9%, 14.1% and 11.4% of the respective CO2 fluxes during the growing season. In addition, our results indicate that soil water content played a critical role in Ra in the cold and arid environment. Both Rh and Re were sensitive to soil temperature. Moreover, our results suggest that grazing exerted no significant effect on CO2 emissions in these alpine grasslands.
19
Angelovski, Andrej, Arianna Galliera, and Werner Güth. "Partial Versus General Compulsory Solidarity: an Experimental Analysis." Homo Oeconomicus 36, no. 3-4 (2019): 249–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41412-019-00093-6.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractWe focus on ways and means of solidarity and their more or less voluntary and involuntary character. Alternative ways of redistribution are modeled by combining redistribution as emergent from a non-discriminatory voluntary contribution mechanism, VCM, with an outside option for a “super-rich”, R, participant to donate to VCM participants. The outsider may discriminate between participants of the VCM on the basis of information accessible at a cost to her. Inclusion in and exclusion from the VCM are involuntary while contributions in it are voluntary. How involuntary inclusion of R in VCM affects her discriminatory voluntary donations and contribution behavior is explored experimentally.
20
Muir, Elise. "Drawing Positive Lessons From the Presence of ‘The Social’ Outside of EU Social Policy Stricto Sensu." European Constitutional Law Review 14, no. 1 (2018): 75–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1574019618000020.
Full textAbstract:
Treaty obligations: the EU shall combat social exclusion and discrimination, and promote social justice and protection – EU institutions responses to social challenges outside of the Social Policy Title – Fragmentation of Social Policy: in many ways deeply unsatisfactory, yet useful lessons may be learnt – Social implications of economic integration – Rethinking EU intervention on the protection of individuals owing to a fundamental rights’ narrative.
21
Pande, Udiyani Made, Muhamad Budi Setiawan, Anik Purwaningsih, et al. "ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES OF ROUTINE RELEASES FROM SMALL MEDIUM REACTOR AT BABEL SITE." JURNAL TEKNOLOGI REAKTOR NUKLIR TRI DASA MEGA 23, no. 2 (2021): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17146/tdm.2021.23.2.6239.
Full textAbstract:
Radiation protection and safety documents for routine conditions are required to support the licensing requirements for nuclear power plant site. This research is focused in the assessment and analysis of the results of PWR safety study related to the routine release of radioactivity from the SMR subsystems and components of the 100 MWe-type PWR along with its consequences in the site. The core inventory calculation was done using ORIGEN2 software, applying release parameters from the existing analysis and calculation results. The radiological consequences were calculated by the PC-CREAM program package. Environmental and meteorological data were obtained using Arc-GIS and spatial analysis. The Bangka Belitung (Babel) site was used as the specific footprint. Analyzing PC-CREAM output data the radiological consequences of routine operation of 3 100 MWe PWR modules on Sebagin site (South Bangka) and Muntok site (West Bangka) in 16 sectors and within a radius of 20 km were concluded. The calculation results for the Sebagin site is that the maximumdose within a radius of 500 m (exclusion zone) is 1.15E+02 µSv/year. For a radius beyond 500 m, the maximum dose is 4.71E+01 µSv/year. Whereas for Muntok site (West Bangka), the maximum dose in the exclusion area (<500m) is 9.47E+00 µSv/year, and outside exclusion area (>500m) is 3.10E+00 µSv/year. The individual dose for the Babel site in the exclusion area is below the dose constraint for non-radiation service workers as the general public of 0.3 mSv/year or 300 µSv/year, while the maximum dose for outside exclusion is also below the constraint as stipulated in BAPETEN Regulation No 4 Year 2013 on Radiation Protection and Safety.
22
Garcés Delgado, Yaritza, Lidia Esther Santana Vega, and Luis Antonio Feliciano García. "Proyectos de vida en adolescentes en riesgo de exclusión social." Revista de Investigación Educativa 38, no. 1 (2019): 149–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/rie.332231.
Full textAbstract:
La configuración del proyecto de vida es un reto de todo ser humano. Los factores que condicionan la construcción del proyecto vital son diversos: escasa madurez, falta de identidad, personalidad conflictiva, entorno sociofamiliar problemático, fracaso escolar, etc. La investigación tiene como objetivo analizar el proceso de configuración de los proyectos de vida en adolescentes en riesgo de exclusión social. Se realizó un estudio de casos múltiples con seis adolescentes con trayectorias de exclusión acogidos al sistema de protección. En el estudio se utilizaron instrumentos y técnicas cualitativas (diario de campo, entrevistas abiertas y grupos de discusión) y cuantitativas (cuestionario). Los resultados muestran que estos menores poseen dificultades para proyectar un futuro al margen de los contextos de exclusión social en los que se han desarrollado. Los proyectos de vida son construidos desde la inadaptación al sistema y sobre una base socioemocional deficiente, ocasionando en los jóvenes la incapacidad de generar pensamientos y conductas asertivas para lograr alcanzar las metas fijadas. Es necesario: a) trabajar con los adolescentes en riesgo de exclusión la adquisición de estrategias socioemocionales, y b) prevenir las conductas intra e interpersonales conflictivas, a través de acciones de atención/apoyo. The configuration of the life design is a challenge for every human being. The factors that determine the construction of the life design are diverse: lack of maturity, lack of identity, con-flictive personality, problematic social and family environment, school failure, etc. This study attempts to analyse the process of shaping life designs in adolescents at risk of social exclusion. A multi-case study was conducted with six adolescents presenting exclusion trajectories that were within the protection system. In the study, qualitative (semi-structured and diary field inter-views) and quantitative (questionnaire) data retrieval tools and techniques were used, opting for a mixed methodology. The results show that these children have difficulties in projecting a future outside the contexts of social exclusion in which they have developed. Life designs are built from the maladjustment to the system and on a deficient social-emotional basis, making young people unable to generate assertive thoughts and behaviors to achieve the goals set. It is necessary to: a) work with adolescents at risk of exclusion to make them acquire social-emotional strategies, and b) prevent conflicting intra and interpersonal behaviour through care/support actions.
23
Stone, Marjorie. "Outside the Pale: Cultural Exclusion, Gender Difference and the Victorian Woman Writer by Elsie B. Michie." Victorian Review 21, no. 2 (1995): 194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/vcr.1995.0006.
Full text
24
Schmitt, Andreas, Helmut Hirt, Michael A. Järvå, et al. "Enterococcal PrgA Extends Far Outside the Cell and Provides Surface Exclusion to Protect against Unwanted Conjugation." Journal of Molecular Biology 432, no. 20 (2020): 5681–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2020.08.018.
Full text
25
Connolly, Trevor A., Tim D. Day, and Carolyn M. King. "Estimating the potential for reinvasion by mammalian pests through pest-exclusion fencing." Wildlife Research 36, no. 5 (2009): 410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr09021.
Full textAbstract:
Pest mammals are completely excluded from Maungatautari Ecological Island, New Zealand, by a 47-km Xcluder pest-proof fence; however, they are commonly sighted directly outside, along the fenceline. Permanent pest exclusion relies on maintaining fence integrity, and enhancing knowledge of pest activity and behaviour at fenced reserves. We describe summer and winter periods of activity and behaviour of mammalian pests directly adjacent to the pest-proof fence. We (1) tested for the effects of adjacent habitat type, breach type and season on the rate of mammalian pest sightings directly at the fence, (2) determined how quickly pest mammals may locate a fence breach, and how likely they are to exploit it, and (3) developed a predictive model to help assess the probability of a pest gaining entry to the sanctuary if repair to a fence breach is delayed. Observations inside the rolled fence hood provided firm evidence that rats travel and forage extensively in this artificial although highly acceptable aboveground habitat, much more than on the ground. We confirm and emphasise that mammalian pests are constantly testing the pest-proof fence. Pests are very common directly outside the fence, and within 24 h there is a very high likelihood that a fence breach will be located and exploited. The greatest threat of reinvasion comes (1) nocturnally, (2) from rodents and (3) in the summer; however, these results also confirm that there is constant risk from multiple pest species, regardless of time of day or season.
26
Agadjanian, Victor. "Exclusion, violence, and optimism: Ethnic divides in Kyrgyzstan." Ethnicities 20, no. 3 (2019): 457–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468796819835657.
Full textAbstract:
The nation-building projects in much of post-socialist Eurasia have been characterized by the promotion of ethnic majorities and marginalization of minority groups. In dialogue with the scholarship on nation-building, ethnic exclusion and conflict, and ethnic migration, this study examines individual views on current and future interethnic relations, assessments of prospects for own ethnicity, expectations for future economic changes, and intentions to migrate abroad in the multiethnic nation of Kyrgyzstan. I use nationally representative survey data to model differences in these outcomes across the majority-minorities divides and between regional subgroups of the nation’s ethnic majority. The results show that a native minority that experienced recent ethnic violence has the most negative assessment of current interethnic relations. However, the minority group of outside origin, which never suffered direct violence but whose size and societal preeminence have eroded rapidly, is least optimistic about the future and is most inclined to migrate. Yet, the analyses also detect substantial regional differences within the ethnic majority, underscoring the complexity of historically-rooted ethnocultural and socioeconomic cleavages as well as of more recent political experiences. I interpret these findings within the context of evolving meanings of ethnic identity and national belonging in this rapidly changing society.
27
Hipkin, Stephen. "Closing ranks: oligarchy and government at Rye, 1570–1640." Urban History 22, no. 3 (1995): 319–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926800016631.
Full textAbstract:
During the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries the development of oligarchic government was accomplished in many English corporate towns by the introduction of a common council, the exclusion of the commonalty of freemen from participation in decision-making processes, and often their removal from the municipal and/or parliamentary franchise. Resistance to such changes among rank-and-file freemen frequently gave rise to civic strife, factionalism and oligarchic dependence on outside support. But analysis of developments at the town of Rye in Sussex suggests that an alternative (or subsidiary) route to oligarchy, less prone to fostering factionalism and dependency on crown agents, may have existed in towns where it was possible strictly to control freeman admissions and promote rule by exclusive commonalty.
28
MOORE, Oliver, and Michael J. CRAWLEY. "Red deer exclusion and saxicolous cryptogam community structure." Lichenologist 46, no. 2 (2014): 229–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282913000868.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractDeer exclosure is an important management strategy for encouraging woodland regeneration in the presence of high numbers ofCervus elaphusL. This could pose a threat to important saxicolous lichen communities as a result of competition from bryophytes and other vegetation. This investigation compared the bryophyte and lichen communities associated with siliceous rock outcrops and boulders inside and outside a number of exclosures in wet heath vegetation at the Gruinard, Letterewe and Little Gruinard estates in Wester Ross. Species cover data were recorded from 6600·2×0·2 m quadrats, allocated to three different aspects of rocks, from 22 pairs of plots (placed either side of a deer fence) with randomization at each level of this hierarchy. The data were analyzed using linear mixed effects models. Mean lichen cover, diversity and species richness were significantly lower in quadrats on rocks within the exclosures. Mean bryophyte cover was significantly higher in quadrats on rocks inside the deer fence and was shown to have a highly significant negative relationship with total lichen cover. Saxicolous lichen species are particularly affected by the increase in shading and litter accumulation from the surrounding plants and the subsequent growth of bryophytes and heath vegetation on rocks within the exclosures. The results of this study have implications for the use of exclosures at locations where there are important saxicolous lichen communities.
29
Glebov, V. B., S. V. Masterov, and N. K. Kalugin. "RISK-ANALYSIS OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS CONTROL FOR EXCLUSION OF UNAUTHORIZED NUCLEAR ACTIVITY." Strategic decisions and risk management, no. 5 (December 5, 2014): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17747/2078-8886-2014-5-82-88.
Full textAbstract:
The paper examines the conditions of nuclear materials (NM) security management at the sites of nuclear fuel cycle (NFC) from non-proliferation point of view. Applied to the non-proliferation the conditions for acceptable risk were defined. The basic levels of NM control have been set. On the base of acceptable risk concept the issues of risk management were considered. The task of unacceptable risk area suppression was formulated. Requirements to the NM control effectiveness were evaluated for various scenarios of undeclared activity (inside and outside of NFC). The role of the out-of-site control in creating NM protection in-depth was demonstrated.
30
Kleiner, Tuuli-Marja. "Civic participation and social exclusion in rural and urban regions." Voluntaris 9, no. 1 (2021): 114–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/2196-3886-2021-1-114.
Full textAbstract:
Can widespread civic participation lead to social exclusion? I argue that this is possible, as high levels of regional civic participation can block specific social groups from social resources. When more actors participate in communal networks, the pool of social resources available to non-active individuals is diluted. This is especially true in rural regions. Using survey data from the German National Volunteer Survey (Freiwilligensurvey 1999-2014) and multi-level regressions, I examine the link between regional civic participation and the individual expectation of receiving support from people outside the own household. My findings reveal that civic participation rates on the macro level affect participants’ and non-participants’ expectations differently. While widespread participation is associated with a higher expectation of receiving support for participants, it is also associated with a lower expectation of receiving support for non-participants. Thus, high macro-level participation implies that non-participants are at risk of (subjective) social exclusion.
31
Arsia, Ashish, Priya Hazrah, Shabab Anwar, Shaji Thomas, Pooja Abbey, and Smita Singh. "Zollinger ellison syndrome due to primary nodal gastrinoma located outside the limits of the conventional gastrinoma triangle: report of a case." International Surgery Journal 8, no. 5 (2021): 1653. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20211852.
Full textAbstract:
Primary nodal gastrinoma is a rare entity and the diagnosis is often contemplative when no other non - nodal primary site can be identified despite thorough investigations and operative exploration. Here we report one such case wherein a primary nodal gastrinoma was diagnosed as an entity of exclusion. Additionally, the location of the disease outside the confines of the conventional gastrinoma triangle further contributes to the rarity of the presentation. A young male patient had presented to us with history of multiple operations in the past for recurrent upper abdominal pain presumably consequential to peptic ulcer disease viz a trucal vagotomy and gastrojejunostomy, duodenal ulcer perforation surgery and a cholecystectomy. CT scan and endoscopic USG showed a preaortic calcified node located outside the limits of the gastrinoma triangle. A raised serum gastrin level and an endoscopic guided FNAC confirmed the diagnosis of a gastrinoma. A 68 Ga-DOTANOC PET CT revealed an exclusive nodal uptake with no discenable primary lesion. Normalization of gastrin levels after removal of the involved pre-aortic node further pointed to the diagnosis of primary nodal gastrinoma. A high index of clinical suspicion is warranted especially in a history of multiple surgeries for recurrent upper abdominal pain and location of the lesion outside the confines of the ‘Gastrinoma Triangle’ should not be deterrent for the diagnosis.
32
Baxter, Judith, and Kieran Wallace. "Outside in-group and out-group identities? Constructing male solidarity and female exclusion in UK builders' talk." Discourse & Society 20, no. 4 (2009): 411–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957926509104021.
Full text
33
Sharma, Abha, Dario Toso, Kurt Kung, Gun-Woong Bahng, and Gerald H. Pollack. "QELBY®-Induced Enhancement of Exclusion Zone Buildup and Seed Germination." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2410794.
Full textAbstract:
A hydrophilic powder, QELBY, from the feldspar family of clay minerals was investigated for its ability to form structured or exclusion-zone (EZ) water. We demonstrated microsphere-free zones around different fractions of the QELBY powder or its hydrated pellet. Averaging approximately 100 μm, these zones grew to a size similar to that formed in the vicinity of the Nafion standard. In the case of silica (control), only occasional microsphere-free zones of about 70 μm were found. Further, studies to investigate QELBY’s energizing effect on germination and early sapling growth in brown chickpea seeds showed at least a 2-3-fold increase in root length and/or formation of shoots. This was seen in seeds bathed in QELBY supernatants or surrounded by QELBY powder outside the vials containing the seeds. This indirect effect was observed whether the QELBY was dry or hydrated.
34
Deplano, Valeria. "Within and outside the nation: former colonial subjects in post-war Italy." Modern Italy 23, no. 4 (2018): 395–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mit.2018.27.
Full textAbstract:
After Mussolini’s regime collapsed, Italy rebuilt itself as a nation and a democracy. The Republican Constitution approved in 1948 rejected the ideologies of both racism and racial discrimination, which had been strengthened and made harsher by Fascism since the mid-1930s. Yet, despite this, racism and racialisation continued in the post-Fascist years. The article analyses how the presence of former colonial subjects in Italy between the 1940s and 1960s was perceived, represented and managed, and demonstrates that the hegemonic discourse of the post-war period still considered Italy to be a white and ethnically homogeneous nation. It considers the stories of people from Libya and Eritrea who applied for Italian citizenship and the life in Italy of some Somali students in the 1960s. From different perspectives, these case studies show how in republican Italy inclusion and exclusion, as well as concepts of identity and otherness, were the consequence of processes of racialisation and ideas inherited from the previous period.
35
Candian, Valentina, Marco Giuseppe Pansa, Karin Santoro, et al. "First Multi-Target Application of Exclusion Net in Nectarine Orchards: Effectiveness against Pests and Impact on Beneficial Arthropods, Postharvest Rots and Fruit Quality." Insects 12, no. 3 (2021): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12030210.
Full textAbstract:
Over the past few years, there has been an increasing interest in the development of alternative pest control strategies to reduce environmental impact. In this contest, exclusion nets have been evaluated as a sustainable alternative to pesticides. In this study, the use of a photoselective exclusion net was investigated in semi-field conditions as a potential strategy to protect nectarine orchards from different pests (i.e., fruit moths, Halyomorpha halys and Drosophila suzukii) in NW Italy. The presence and abundance of pest populations inside and outside the net, as well as the damage they caused on fruits, were evaluated. Moreover, any possible effects of the net on beneficial arthropods, postharvest rots and fruit quality and nutraceutical parameters were considered. The exclusion net significantly reduced pest populations. At harvest, fruit damage caused by Grapholita molesta and H. halys in netted plots was reduced up to 90% and to 78%, respectively, compared with insecticide-treated plots. The exclusion net allowed the production of healthier fruits with a strong reduction of insecticide treatments (up to seven less) and of their related costs without any negative impact on postharvest rots, neither fruit quality nor nutraceutical properties.
36
Lems, Annika. "Phenomenology of Exclusion: Capturing the Everyday Thresholds of Belonging." Social Inclusion 8, no. 4 (2020): 116–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v8i4.3282.
Full textAbstract:
In this article I critically interrogate the ways researchers produce knowledge about the making and unmaking of borders. I do so by focusing on social processes of boundary-drawing that have dramatically intensified since the 2015 summer of displacements in Europe. I think through some of the methodological possibilities and conundrums that arise if we try to make visible the unarticulated social conventions underlying the everyday thresholds of belonging that determine who is permitted in, and who has to remain outside, the affective socio-political space of societies. By drawing on my own research experiences, I show why methodologies aimed at lending marginalized people a voice often fail to capture the voiceless, silent nature of these boundary-drawing practices. I suggest that in order to bring the invisible barbed wires permeating societies into the open, we need to develop phenomenologies of everyday exclusionary practices, or ‘cultures of unwelcome.’ Through my ethnographic encounters with marginalized refugee youth and individuals who believe that the influx of refugees is a threat to their values and ways of life, I argue for more nuanced research methodologies that allow us to better capture the everyday social processes underlying acts of boundary-drawing. I suggest that approaching border work as an intersubjective, worldly phenomenon involves paying attention to the experiences of individuals who find themselves pushed to the margins of society, and to those who actively participate in keeping people and groups marked as other locked out.
37
Merfeldaite, Odeta, Daiva Penkauskiene, Jolanta Pivorienė, and Asta Railiene. "REDUCING SOCIAL EXCLUSION IN EDUCATION: A CONCEPTION OF ALL DAY SCHOOLING." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 3 (May 25, 2018): 345–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2018vol1.3255.
Full textAbstract:
Growing disproportion between different social groups, migration, unemployment, busyness of parents, not safe outside environment – there are just few general aspects of social life that influence concept and organization of all day schools. The purpose of the article is to analyse the possibilities of decreasing social exclusion in education by implementing all day school conception. In order to achieve research goal, secondary data analysis was done by applying multi stage sample. Research data shows that all day school phenomenon is not new in European education. States have to deal with inequalities in social life and education – to minimize learning results gaps, to compensate shortage of social skills, to prevent risky behaviour, to ensure safe environment and care at school and use all day school model as the mean to face these challenges. All day schools have purpose to serve as best as possible to students and their families by providing individual help, using benefits of longer time at school, specialists supervisions, community support. Social life realities and unique contexts form not unified models of all day school.
38
Sajoo, Amyn B. "The Fog of Extremism: Governance, Identity, and Minstrels of Exclusion." Social Inclusion 4, no. 2 (2016): 26–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v4i2.541.
Full textAbstract:
An insistent focus on extremism and radicalization with regard to current Islamist trends masks the failures of pluralist citizenship, amid a larger crisis of identity. Whether in Muslim-majority societies or in the Euro-North American diaspora, “Islam” and “politics” are touted as explaining patterns of severe violence by state/non-state actors. Neither category accounts more than superficially for the complexities at hand, which revolve around exclusionary models of identity, faith and civil society. Successful narratives of inclusive citizenship depend on key markers outside of modernist secular orthodoxy. Theologies of inclusion are vital in fostering pluralist civic identities, mindful of the ascendance of puritanical-legalist theologies of exclusion as a salient facet of public cultures. Multiple surveys reveal the depth of exclusivist conservatism in diverse Muslim societies. These stances not only undermine civil society as a locus for engendering pluralist identities, but also undergird the militant trends that dominate the headlines. Targeting militants is often essential—yet is frequently accompanied by the willful alienation of Muslim citizens even within liberal democracies, and a growing “official” sectarianism among Muslim-majority polities. Convergent pluralisms of faith and civic identity are a vital antidote to the fog that obscures the roots as well as the implications of today’s extremist trends.
39
Odell-West, Amanda. "Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis, the ‘Medical Exclusion’ and the Biotechnology Directive." Medical Law International 8, no. 3 (2007): 239–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096853320700800303.
Full textAbstract:
In the United Kingdom there is a growing conviction that CECs have an important role to play in helping health care professionals address ethical dilemmas. For example, the Royal College of Physicians, the Nuffield Trust and the unofficial Clinical Ethics Network, which has received financial support from the Department of Health, commend the use of CECs in the UK. The growth of such committees has been influenced by the legal and policy support they have received in the United States. However, there is increasing concern about both the benefits and the quality of work produced by CECs. In addition, despite the rapid increase in the number of CECs in the UK, outside of the United States they remain under-researched and no formal mechanism exists to assess their performance. As a result we know little about the structure, function, impact and effectiveness of CECs. We are currently conducting a research project funded by the Wellcome Trust that seeks to interrogate the competing claims regarding the benefits and disbenefits of CECs. This initial account of our research provides a detailed analysis of theoretical issues that surround the development and use of CECs and points towards the questions that lie at the heart of the social science strand of our project.
40
Adamu, Patience, Deon Castello, and Wendy Cukier. "How Public is Public Art? A Critical Discourse Analysis of the Racial Subtext of Public Monuments at Canada’s Pier 21." Open Philosophy 2, no. 1 (2019): 126–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opphil-2019-0016.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractMuch of the literature on public space focuses on physical inclusion and exclusion rather than social inclusion or exclusion. In this paper, the implications of this are considered in the context of two monuments, The Volunteers/Les Bénévoles, and The Emigrant, located outside the Canadian Museum of Immigration at Pier 21 in Halifax, Nova Scotia. These monuments, while perhaps designed to celebrate Canadian multiculturalism, can be read instead as signaling Canada’s enduring commitment to white supremacy, Eurocentricity and colonization, when viewed through the eyes of racialized immigrants. Thus the “public space” becomes exclusionary. In the context in which the monuments are situated, the racial subtext cannot be ignored. This article purports that images, text and placement, regardless of intention, have significant implications on public space and public demeanor.
41
Oelgemöller, Christina. "The Illegal, the Missing: an Evaluation of Conceptual Inventions." Millennium: Journal of International Studies 46, no. 1 (2017): 24–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0305829817708812.
Full textAbstract:
Migration Management, a regime of radical differentiation and exclusion, renders many people illegal because they violate the laws of access across geopolitical borders. Migration Management further disappears some of these illegal people outside of the external boundaries of the Global North. Recently, however, discursive moves to mobilise the concept of the ‘missing person’ in the context of illegal migration have been introduced when discussing Mediterranean migration in particular. This article offers an ethico-political evaluation of such conceptual innovations. The article asks if a reconceptualisation of the illegal migrant as ‘missing person’ is able to destabilise Migration Management and concludes that this is unlikely. The article illustrates how this reconceptualisation cements the more radical practices of exclusion whilst the boundary-drawing is reformulated as one between dead and living migrants.
42
Priya, Parul, and Anurag Kumar. "Social Acceptance and Section 377: A Case Study of Transgender People in Jammu City." Gender Studies 19, no. 1 (2020): 137–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/genst-2021-0008.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The Supreme Court of India recently decriminalized section 377 of the Indian Penal Code to outlaw the unfair violence and discrimination against transgender people. The paper argues that despite the legal acceptance of Section 377, the discrimination and social exclusion of transgender people continue in the Indian public sphere. The method of Interpretative Phenomenological Approach has been used to analyze the interviews of five transgender people from Jammu city. The findings suggest patterns and relationships within the data which are useful for understanding various ways in which transgender people negotiate and contemplate their lives outside the known social network they resort to. By analyzing the interpretations of selected transgender people, the study reveals that they bear the brunt of social and economic exclusion due to their gender identity on day-to-day basis.
43
Zhong, L., A. H. Manson, L. J. Sonmor, and C. E. Meek. "Gravity wave exclusion circles in background flows modulated by the semidiurnal tide." Annales Geophysicae 14, no. 5 (1996): 557–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-996-0557-x.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. In this short paper the exclusion circles and vertical phase locities for gravity waves launched from the ground into a time-varying wind are studied using a ray-tracing technique. It is shown that waves with initial observed phase speeds that should place them within the local temporally varying exclusion circle, are often Doppler shifted outside of the circle. This, and the finite lifetime of some critical levels, allow waves to survive the critical layer and reach higher altitudes. Also, for slower phase-speed waves, the temporally varying wind can shift the observed frequency to negative values, so that the observed phase motions will be opposite (i.e. horizontally reversed and vertically upward), even though the energy still propagates upward. This effect can also cause the phase velocity to move inside the local exclusion circle. Due to the directional filtering of wave sources by the stratospheric wind, the percentage of such reverse-propagating waves will change systematically with local time and height in our simplified but realistic model. These results are related to ground-based systems, optical and radar, which sample the wind field and gravity waves in the middle atmosphere.
44
Pivnick, Kenneth A., Dennis L. Barton, Jocelyn G. Millar, and Edward W. Underhill. "IMPROVED PHEROMONE TRAP EXCLUSION OF THE BRUCE SPANWORM OPEROPHTERA BRUCEATA (HULST) (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE) WHEN MONITORING WINTER MOTH OPEROPHTERA BRUMATA (L.) POPULATIONS." Canadian Entomologist 120, no. 4 (1988): 389–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent120389-4.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract(Z,Z,Z)-1,3,6,9-Nonadecatetraene is a sex pheromone that attracts males of both the winter moth Operophtera brumata (L.) and the Bruce spanworm O. bruceata (Hulst). Tests were run to maximize the specificity of a pheromone trap for the winter moth by the addition of a previously discovered Bruce spanworm male inhibitor (BSMI), (E,Z,Z)-1,3,6,9-nonadecatetraene. Trap capture inhibition of O. bruceata would facilitate monitoring of winter moth as males of the two species are difficult to distinguish without dissection. Wind tunnel tests with O. bruceata males responding to the pheromone indicated that BSMI has a more potent inhibitory effect if males physically contact the compound. Field tests in an area where only O. bruceata was found demonstrated that pheromone-baited traps caught fewer O. bruceata with BSMI placed on the outside of the entrance holes than when it was placed on the inside of the trap, catching respectively 97 and 82% fewer males than traps baited with the pheromone alone. In an area where O. brumata predominated, BSMI, whether inside or outside the trap, did not affect O. brumata captures. However, O. brumata trap captures were reduced when BSMI was placed on rubber rings glued to the outside of the entrance holes to the traps even though control rings did not affect O. brumata captures. Evidence is presented indicating that hybridization is taking place between these two species where O. brumata has recently been introduced and that the response of the hybrids to the BSMI is intermediate between the two species.
45
Mies, Thomas. "Inclusion and exclusion—We and the Other. Response to Vamik Volkan’s Key-note Lecture." Group Analysis 51, no. 3 (2018): 359–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0533316418793462.
Full textAbstract:
This response is focused on the following question: What may be the specific group analytic point of view on phenomena as the resurgence of nationalism in the western world, the so-called refugee crisis and the confrontation with Islamism and Islamist terror? The guideline of this response will be the idea of the ‘group of individuals’, which Norbert Elias characterized as his main contribution to group analytic theory. The response will emphasize the significance of the Other for the formation of personal and collective identities. It will argue that we face the Other, not only outside our own group, but also inside, and that xenophobia goes hand in hand with the denial of real differences and conflicts inside one’s own group. Finally, the history of the German nation-state is discussed as an exemplary case.
46
Malamud, Sophia A., Iryna Osadcha та Jana E. Beck. "A Semantics for the Particle αν in and outside Conditionals in Classical Greek". Journal of Greek Linguistics 12, № 1 (2012): 51–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156658412x649986.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractIn this paper, we provide a uni ied semantics for the Classical Greek particle αν in its uses both in and outside of conditional sentences. Speci ically, working within the framework provided by formal semantic treatments of conditionals in Stalnaker (1968); Lewis (1973); Kratzer (1981) and subsequent work, we propose that αν is a universal quanti ier over situations—parts of possible worlds. We also detail the interactions between αν and the tense and mood features in a clause, arguing, for example, that the semantics of αν in combination with a 'fake' past tense morphology (Iatridou 2000), which reflects the presence of an exclusion feature in C, gives rise to a counterfactual implicature. Additionally, we address the issue of the surface distribution of αν in the antecedents of some types of conditionals and the consequents of others and argue that, despite its surface distribution, αν is always merged into the consequent of a conditional but sometimes undergoes displacement such that it appears to be located within the antecedent. Our proposal not only illuminates a complex phenomenon in Classical Greek, but also contributes to the understanding of the morpho-semantics of mood, conditionals, and counterfactuality in natural language.
47
de Vuyst, Bruno, and Alea Fairchild. "Legal and Economic Justification for Software Protection." International Journal of Open Source Software and Processes 4, no. 3 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijossp.2012070101.
Full textAbstract:
This article discusses legal and economic rationale in regards to open source software protection. Software programs are, under TRIPS1, protected by copyright (reference is made to the Berne Convention2). The issue with this protection is that, due to the dichotomy idea/expression that is typical for copyright protection, reverse engineering of software is not excluded, and copyright is hence found to be an insufficient protection. Hence, in the U.S., software makers have increasingly turned to patent protection. In Europe, there is an exclusion of computer programs in Article 52 (2) c) EPC (EPO, 1973), but this exclusion is increasingly narrowed and some call for abandoning the exclusion altogether. A proposal by the European Commission, made in 2002, called for a directive to allow national patent authorities to patent software in a broader way, so as to ensure further against reverse engineering; this proposal, however, was shelved in 2005 over active opposition within and outside the European parliament. In summary, open source software does not fit in any proprietary model; rather, it creates a freedom to operate. Ultimately, there is a need to rethink approaches to property law so as to allow for viable software packaging in both models.
48
Miller, Michael L. "The Forgotten Pogroms, 1918." Slavic Review 78, no. 3 (2019): 648–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/slr.2019.226.
Full textAbstract:
The outbreaks of anti-Jewish violence in the former Habsburg lands in the fall of 1918 are often overlooked, in part because of the subsequent violence in Hungary (1919–1921), in part because of the myth of Czechoslovak exceptionalism that emerged during the interwar period. It is tempting to view the post-war power vacuum as the main context – and catalyst – for this wave of violence that erupted after the collapse of the monarchy. A closer look at the anti-Jewish violence, however, suggests that it was part of the state-building process, or at least part of an effort to demarcate the exclusive terms of membership in the newly-established states. In explaining or justifying the anti-Jewish violence, perpetrators (and their supporters) often invoked the canard of Jewish “provocation” or the myth of Jewish “power” as part of a larger discourse of exclusion that placed Jews outside the Hungarian, Polish, or Czechoslovak body politic.
49
Frederickson, Megan E., and Deborah M. Gordon. "The devil to pay: a cost of mutualism with Myrmelachista schumanni ants in ‘devil's gardens’ is increased herbivory on Duroia hirsuta trees." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 274, no. 1613 (2007): 1117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2006.0415.
Full textAbstract:
‘Devil's gardens’ are nearly pure stands of the myrmecophyte, Duroia hirsuta , that occur in Amazonian rainforests. Devil's gardens are created by Myrmelachista schumanni ants, which nest in D. hirsuta trees and kill other plants using formic acid as an herbicide. Here, we show that this ant–plant mutualism has an associated cost; by making devil's gardens, M. schumanni increases herbivory on D. hirsuta. We measured standing leaf herbivory on D. hirsuta trees and found that they sustain higher herbivory inside than outside devil's gardens. We also measured the rate of herbivory on nursery-grown D. hirsuta saplings planted inside and outside devil's gardens in ant-exclusion and control treatments. We found that when we excluded ants, herbivory on D. hirsuta was higher inside than outside devil's gardens. These results suggest that devil's gardens are a concentrated resource for herbivores. Myrmelachista schumanni workers defend D. hirsuta against herbivores, but do not fully counterbalance the high herbivore pressure in devil's gardens. We suggest that high herbivory may limit the spread of devil's gardens, possibly explaining why devil's gardens do not overrun Amazonian rainforests.
50
Malafaia, Carla, Maria Fernandes-Jesus, Norberto Ribeiro, Tiago Neves, Joaquim Luís Coimbra, and Isabel Menezes. "Civic and Political E-Participation of Young Immigrants." International Journal of E-Politics 4, no. 1 (2013): 32–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jep.2013010103.
Full textAbstract:
The internet is considered as an important forum to empower and engage groups outside the traditional political systems. However, the ‘digital divide’ might imply several disparities and even reinforce exclusion of those with low economic and cultural capital. This article intends to question how democratic and inclusive this virtual public sphere is and in which terms the new dynamics in contemporary societies encourage mobility by excluded groups. Through quantitative methodology, we sought to analyse the differences between migrant (Angolans and Brazilians) and non-migrant groups in Portugal, as well as the e-participation forms adopted by them and the factors that could predict such participation. This is essential towards a wider knowledge about this field, strengthening the understanding concerning the ambivalence about the potential of the internet as a space for the inclusion of groups at risk of exclusion from participation and, consequently from real citizenship.