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1
Dillman, Joye J., and Don A. Dillman. "Private Outside Space as a Factor in Housing Acceptability." Housing and Society 14, no. 1 (1987): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08882746.1987.11429989.
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Oslington, Paul, and Isaac Towers. "Pushing Economies (and Students) Outside the Factor Price Equalization Zone." Journal of Economic Education 40, no. 4 (2009): 422–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220480903238099.
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Levo, Michal, Einat Zalckvar, Eilon Sharon, et al. "Unraveling determinants of transcription factor binding outside the core binding site." Genome Research 25, no. 7 (2015): 1018–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gr.185033.114.
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Mojiri, Anahita, Parnian Alavi, and Nadia Jahroudi. "Von Willebrand factor contribution to pathophysiology outside of von Willebrand disease." Microcirculation 26, no. 4 (2018): e12510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/micc.12510.
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Matolak, D. W. "3-D outside cell interference factor for an air-ground CDMA "cellular" system." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 49, no. 3 (2000): 706–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/25.845090.
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Sullivan, Tami P. "Think outside: Advancing risk and protective factor research beyond the intimate-partner-violence box." Psychology of Violence 3, no. 2 (2013): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0032125.
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Park, C. Y., and R. Dolmetsch. "CELL SIGNALING: The Double Life of a Transcription Factor Takes It Outside the Nucleus." Science 314, no. 5796 (2006): 64–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1133757.
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Lock, Janske, Hendrika C. A. M. Hazendonk, Ron A. A. Mathôt, et al. "Targeting Clotting Factor VIII Plasma Values in the Perioperative Setting in Hemophilia a: “Tackling a Moving Target” (“OPTI-CLOT” Studies)." Blood 124, no. 21 (2014): 5031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.5031.5031.
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Abstract Background Hemophilia A is an X-linked inherited bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency of clotting factor VIII (FVIII). It is treated by infusion of FVIII clotting factor concentrate with dosing based primarily on bodyweight. Previous studies evaluating perioperative dosing strategies in hemophilia conclude that improvement with regard to consumption of clotting factor concentrates is possible. However, the magnitude and complexity of the problem has not yet been addressed. Moreover, guidelines to optimize treatment have been lacking. Methods In a retrospective multicenter study, we evaluated perioperative management in hemophilia A patients with clotting factor VIII (FVIII) plasma levels below 0.05 IUml-1 by quantification of perioperative infusion of clotting factor concentrate and achieved FVIII plasma levels, while exploring possible modifiers of clotting factor concentrate consumption. Results Data was collected in a total of 198 surgical procedures in 119 patients; 75 adults (140 surgical procedures; median age: 48 years; median weight: 80 kg) and 44 children (58 surgical procedures; median age: 4 years; median weight: 19 kg). In adults, mainly medium risk surgical procedures (n=86; 61%) were performed, which were most often orthopedic procedures (n=91; 65%). Children mainly underwent low risk surgical procedures (n=47; 81%), most frequently an insertion or removal of a central venous device (n=31; 53%). The median duration of hospitalization in adults and children was respectively nine (IQR 5-14) and seven (IQR 6-10) days; p=0.09. The median amount of clotting factor concentrate infused per surgical procedure was 26,100 IU (69 IUkg-1day-1). Depending on post-operative day, 67-81% of achieved FVIII plasma levels were outside of the predefined target range recommended by National Hemophilia Consensus. Moreover, 45% of FVIII plasma levels were below target range between 0-24 hours after surgery with the median deviation below the lowest required target level of 0.17 IUml-1. More than six days after surgery, 75% of the FVIII plasma levels were above target range with the median deviation above the highest target level of 0.31 IUml-1. No significant difference in frequency of under dosing or overdosing was demonstrated in adults or children. Neither was mode of administration of replacement therapy (continuous or bolus), or type of surgical procedure (low or medium risk), significantly related with under dosing or overdosing (Figure 1A-D). Moreover, under dosing was not correlated with clinical bleeding and overdosing did not lead to observed cases of vascular thrombosis. Overall, in this study population the total amount of clotting factor concentrate under dosed amounted to 422,000 IU and overdosed amounted to 3,320,300 IU, when calculated using the median deviation of achieved FVIII levels in comparison to the predefined target range and an in vivo recovery of 2.0 IUml-1 per 1 IUkg-1, a crude median half-life of FVIII concentrate of 12 hours and an overall median hospitalization period of nine days. Importantly, a reduction of clotting factor concentrate consumption of approximately 49% would have been realized if predefined plasma target levels could have been achieved. Conclusion Targeting of clotting FVIII levels in the perioperative setting is complex and forms a “moving target” for treating professionals. Optimization of dosing strategies by construction of algorithms with minimization of both under dosing and overdosing is obligatory to improve quality of care with a reduction of bleeding risk, a possible decrease of clotting factor concentrate consumption and potential cost reduction of treatment. Figure 1: Achieved FVIII plasma levels in adults (1A and 1C) and children (1B and 1D) receiving FVIII clotting factor replacement therapy. Figure 1A and 1B: Achieved FVIII plasma levels of patients treated by continuous infusion (blue dots) and by bolus infusions (red dots). Figure 1C and 1D: Achieved FVIII plasma levels of patients treated for a medium risk surgical procedure (blue dots) and patients treated for a low risk surgical procedure (red dots). Predefined target levels (green line) as stated by the Dutch Hemophilia Consensus are depicted as green boxes (Leebeek et al. 2009) Figure 1: Achieved FVIII plasma levels in adults (1A and 1C) and children (1B and 1D) receiving FVIII clotting factor replacement therapy. Figure 1A and 1B: Achieved FVIII plasma levels of patients treated by continuous infusion (blue dots) and by bolus infusions (red dots). Figure 1C and 1D: Achieved FVIII plasma levels of patients treated for a medium risk surgical procedure (blue dots) and patients treated for a low risk surgical procedure (red dots). Predefined target levels (green line) as stated by the Dutch Hemophilia Consensus are depicted as green boxes (Leebeek et al. 2009) Disclosures Lock: ZonMW: Research Funding; Baxter: Research Funding. Hazendonk:ZonMW: Research Funding; Baxter: Research Funding. Meijer:Bayer Schering Pharma: Research Funding, speakers fee, travel support, outside the submitted work Other; Sanquin: Research Funding, speakers fee, outside the submitted work, speakers fee, outside the submitted work Other; Boehringer Ingelheim: speakers fee, outside the submitted work, speakers fee, outside the submitted work Other; Baxter: Research Funding, travel support, outside the submitted work, travel support, outside the submitted work Other. Driessens:Baxter: unrestricted grant for meetings and educational courses with hemophilia patients and members of the Netherlands Hemophilia Patient Society, outside the submitted work Other; Bayer Schering Pharma: unrestricted grant for meetings and educational courses with hemophilia patients and members of the Netherlands Hemophilia Patient Society, outside the submitted work, unrestricted grant for meetings and educational courses with hemophilia patients and members of the Netherlands Hemophilia Patient Society, outside the submitted work Other; CSL Behring: unrestricted grant for meetings and educational courses with hemophilia patients and members of the Netherlands Hemophilia Patient Society, outside the submitted work, unrestricted grant for meetings and educational courses with hemophilia patients and members of the Netherlands Hemophilia Patient Society, outside the submitted work Other; Eurocept: unrestricted grant for meetings and educational courses with hemophilia patients and members of the Netherlands Hemophilia Patient Society, outside the submitted work, unrestricted grant for meetings and educational courses with hemophilia patients and members of the Netherlands Hemophilia Patient Society, outside the submitted work Other; Novo Nordisk: unrestricted grant for meetings and educational courses with hemophilia patients and members of the Netherlands Hemophilia Patient Society, outside the submitted work Other; Pfizer: unrestricted grant for meetings and educational courses with hemophilia patients and members of the Netherlands Hemophilia Patient Society, outside the submitted work Other; Sanquin: unrestricted grant for meetings and educational courses with hemophilia patients and members of the Netherlands Hemophilia Patient Society, outside the submitted work Other. Fijnvandraat:Baxter: European Hemophilia Treatment and Standardisation Board sponsored by Baxter Other; CSL Behring: Research Funding; Pfizer: has given lectures at educational symposiums organized by Pfizer, outside the submitted work, has given lectures at educational symposiums organized by Pfizer, outside the submitted work Other, Research Funding; Bayer Schering Pharma: has given lectures at educational symposiums organized by Bayer, outside the submitted work, has given lectures at educational symposiums organized by Bayer, outside the submitted work Other. Leebeek:CSL Behring: has served on advisory boards of CSL Behring, outside the submitted work Other, Research Funding; Baxter: has served on advisory boards of Baxter, outside the submitted work, has served on advisory boards of Baxter, outside the submitted work Other. Cnossen:Novo Nordisk: Educational funding Other, Research Funding; Bayer Schering Pharma: Educational funding and travel support, Educational funding and travel support Other, Research Funding; Baxter: Research Funding, Travel support, Travel support Other; Pfizer: Educational funding and travel support, Educational funding and travel support Other, Research Funding; ZonMW: Research Funding; Novartis: Educational funding and travel support Other, Research Funding.
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Andersson, Egil. "THE HOSPITAL ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION SCALE: HOMOGENEITY OF THE SUBSCALES." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 21, no. 3 (1993): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1993.21.3.197.
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The H.A.D.-scale was originally used as a screening test for assessing the presence of clinically significant degrees of anxiety and depression. It has also been used as a measuring instrument outside hospital care. The main questions in this study are: l) Do the test items fit a sample of non-clinical persons? 2) Are the two subscales of Depression and Anxiety homogeneous? In total 163 persons answered the questionnaire. Two factor analyses are reviewed, a two factor solution and a four factor solution. The two factor solution did not split the items in the way originally intended. A four factor analysis with three interpreted factors gave a better solution. The analysis leads us to recommend great caution when interpreting the H.A.D.-scale, especially when used in a population outside of hospital care.
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Martins, R., D. Castanheira, R. Caetano Oliveira, et al. "Microvascular invasion in HCC after liver transplantation: determinant factor only for patients outside Milan criteria." HPB 20 (September 2018): S811—S812. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hpb.2018.06.2443.
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Shylina, N. "HUMAN UNCONSCIOUS PROCESSES AS A FACTOR OF FORMATION OF THE OUTSIDE WORLD AND SOCIAL INTERACTIONS." Psychology and Personality, no. 1 (May 20, 2019): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.33989/2226-4078.2019.1.163987.
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The article is devoted to the problem of the formation of personality in the modern information society and the influence of the unconscious person on the surrounding world. The author analyzes the psychoanalytic approach to the consideration of the personality by Z. Freud. The author also considers the conflict between the principle of pleasure and the principle of rationality and its influence on the interaction of personality and society. The author characterizes the psychoanalytic approach of J. Frankl. The problem of the mutual influence of personality and society, namely the processes of interiorization and exteriorization, is revealed. The theory of E. Neumann about the influence of the unconscious on the functioning of consciousness is described in the article.E. Edinger’s scientific work is also analyzed by the author. Parallels between the alchemical processes of the unconscious person and their reflection in the behavior and activities of the individual were made. The author analyzes also the modern view on the problem of person and reality in quantum mechanics. In this context, A. Puzikov’s approach is considered. The problem of objective and subjective realities has been raised. The concept of proto-reality is revealed in the article. The influence of the choice of personality from the endless options on the formation of actual reality is explained in the article.
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Deguchi, Hiroshi, Yajnavalka Banerjee, Sunia Trauger, et al. "Acylcarnitines are anticoagulants that inhibit factor Xa and are reduced in venous thrombosis, based on metabolomics data." Blood 126, no. 13 (2015): 1595–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2015-03-636761.
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Key PointsUntargeted and targeted metabolomics showed association of low plasma acylcarnitines levels with venous thrombosis risk. Long-chain acylcarnitines are anticoagulants that inhibit factor Xa by binding to factor Xa outside the γ-carboxy glutamic acid domain.
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Lozier, Jay Nelson, Brian Weeks, and Nahid Tayebi. "Localization of Non-Factor VIII Sequence Involved in the Factor VIII Gene Inversion in Hemophilia A Dogs." Blood 110, no. 11 (2007): 1146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.1146.1146.
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Abstract There is a common gene inversion at the telomere of the canine X chromosome in which factor VIII intron 22 DNA recombines with homologous sequence outside the gene. This mutation disrupts factor VIII synthesis and causes severe hemophilia A in dogs, analogous to a common inversion seen in humans (Lozier et al, PNAS 2002 99:12991–6). This mutation appears to be the only spontaneous gene inversion in an animal that replicates a corresponding disease of humans. The coding region for canine factor VIII spans approximately 146 kb and is found at the telomere of the X chromosome between bases 126,063,525 and 125,917,394 in the canine genome project, version 46.2d. Much of the canine factor VIII intron 22 remains unsequenced and the presence of F8A (the putative site of recombination in the factor VIII gene) in this region is inferred from PCR and Southern blot analysis of BAC clones that encompass this region. We have therefore focused on localizing the non-factor VIII site of the recombination and have found its essential elements in sequence located telomeric (upstream) to the canine factor VIII coding start site. We have used the boxer canine genome sequence (version 46.2d) as a template and reference for sequence analysis of BAC clone 291M9 (from normal Doberman pinscher genomic DNA library RPCI-81). Comparison of >100,000 bp of sequence common to the boxer and Doberman in this region showed >99% identity between the two breeds as expected. The BAC clone 291M9 was previously shown by DNA fiber FISH to be the region outside the factor VIII gene that participates in the gene inversion. This clone contains both F8A sequence (the putative site of recombination) as well as the sequence (ch8) that replaces the last four exons of the factor VIII transcript in hemophilia A dogs after the inversion. F8A sequence found in the Doberman BAC clone 291M9 matches sequence starting at nucleotide 126,317,916, in the boxer canine genome project (from RPCI-82 boxer BAC clone XX-145E20). This is outside the factor VIII gene, and approximately 400,000,000 base pairs upstream/telomeric to F8A found within the factor VIII gene. Approximately 20 kb from F8A is ch8, the sequence spliced into the abnormal hemophilia A factor VIII mRNA. The 7.5 kb region where the F8A sequence is found is extremely rich in guanosine and cytosine nucleotides (73% GC content) and has at least six putative CpG islands (as identified by the EMBOSS CpG analysis software (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/emboss/cpgplot/). This is consistent with the finding that F8A gene sequences outside the human factor VIII gene are found in CpG islands. There may be additional copies of the canine F8A sequence in or near this region (as is the case for the human genome), since gaps remain in this region of the known genomic sequence. The high GC content and highly repetitive nature makes sequence analysis and assembly problematic. These properties are consistent with DNA that is susceptible to homologous recombination and gene inversion as is seen with hemophilia in dogs and man. Figure Figure
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Abdullah, Mohamad Yahya, and Khaldoon Waleed Husam Al-Mofti. "The Impact of Social Support on EFL Learners’ Motivation at Iraqi Kurdistan Universities." Modern Applied Science 11, no. 7 (2017): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v11n7p51.
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There are many reasons standing behind the fact why non-native speakers study English as a foreign language. For some, the aspiration to be a foreign language teacher or the ability to use English at work is the main reasons and driving factors, while for others the reason is simply to pass the course requirement at schools and universities. The present study aims to evaluate student motivation level and the factors influencing motivation. This paper will also highlight the influence of the factor of social support on the other factors of motivation. Data were gathered through likert scale questionnaires distributed to EFL learners of English in two different universities in Kurdistan region of Iraq and semi-structured interviews conducted with a number of students who have been selected randomly. The results indicated that the motivation to learn English is not dominated by one factor; however, the factors of goals, intention, and outside social support appear as the most influenced factors. Also, there was a statistically significant parallel correlation between the outside social support and goals factors. Consequently, the outside social factor appears as a significant contributor to the motivation of EFL Kurdish learners.
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Kesetyaningsih, Tri Wulandari, Siti Fajrini Amir, and Yeni Rahma Desty. "Commuting Mobility as Risk Factor for Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia." Disease Prevention and Public Health Journal 14, no. 2 (2020): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/dpphj.v14i2.2526.
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Background:In Indonesia, there has been a change in the age group of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) patient population from children to adults since 1998. It raises the suspicion that an infection occurs not only in residential area but also from other places as a result of human mobility. Research on the role of people mobility as a risk factor for dengue incidence yielded different results. This study aims to reveal the relationship between human mobility and the incidence of dengue. Method: This is a case-control study that involved 276 respondents; 138 were sufferers (case group) while the other 138 respondents were non-sufferers (control group). The sample size was determined by using purposive sampling. Patient’s data and their addresses were obtained from Sleman Regency Health Office while the control group was patient’s neighbors. The people mobility data were obtained by conducting questionnaires that were divided into three categories, namely low, moderate, and high for commuting mobility and two categories, namely traveling outside and inside province for circular mobility. Chi-square analysis was used to determine whether mobility was a risk factor for DHF. Results:The result showed that commuting mobility was correlated with the DHF incidence (p=0.001) where the high mobility of 3.169 times raised the risk of DHF incidence (OR 3.169; 95% CI: 1.690-5.944) more than the low mobility. However, the DHF incidence was not correlated with moderate mobility (p=0,821). Furthermore, traveling outside the Yogyakarta Province reduced the risk by 6.175 times than non-traveling activity (p=0.000; OR 6.175; 95% CI: 2.759-13.822). Conclusion: The commuting mobility outside the village is a risk factor of DHF. Meanwhile, traveling outside Yogyakarta Province did not cause any risk for DHF and it instead tended to reduce the risk.
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Liu, Jianwei, Duijia Zhao, Junmin Shen, and Yancong Zhang. "Comparative Study on Crack and Factor of Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavement in the Tunnel and Outside." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 96 (November 2013): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.08.014.
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Janssen, Bert J. C. "Inside-out or outside-in, a new factor in MAG-mediated signaling in the nervous system." Journal of Neurochemistry 147, no. 6 (2018): 712–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jnc.14597.
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Norem, Julie K. "Resisting the Hegemony of the Five-Factor Model: There is Plenty of Personality Outside the FFA." Psychological Inquiry 21, no. 1 (2010): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10478401003648799.
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Wu, Bo, Huiyong Duan, Qin Qi, Yumei Cai, Zhaobing Zhong, and Tongjie Chai. "Identifying virulence factor genes in E. coli in animal houses and their transmission to outside environments." Journal of Aerosol Science 117 (March 2018): 189–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2017.11.009.
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SIOW, R., and A. CHURCHMAN. "Adventitial growth factor signalling and vascular remodelling: Potential of perivascular gene transfer from the outside-in." Cardiovascular Research 75, no. 4 (2007): 659–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cardiores.2007.06.007.
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Diwu, Peng Xiang, Rui Liu, Tong Jing Liu, and Bin Jia. "Productivity Evaluation Study of Shale Gas Reservoirs." Advanced Materials Research 1073-1076 (December 2014): 2296–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1073-1076.2296.
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The seepage mechanism of unconventional gas is very complex, and has a unique seepage mechanism and dynamic flow characteristics. It is difficult to use conventional gas production capacity to predict recoverable reserves. In this paper, starting from fluid mechanics, based on reservoir characteristics of the shale gas fracturing, a composite model of shale gas reservoirs was established, and stable production time was determined. We analyzed the effects of inside and outside zone permeability, the radius, pressure gradient, desorption influence of the compression factor and reservoir thickness, etc., and the established a shale gas well productivity equation refer to Vogel equation. The results show that: area permeability, penetration outside the area, zone radius, reservoir thickness and desorption compression factor were sensitive to shale gas production capacity; skin factor and the pressure gradient is not sensitive factor; through reliability analysis, the productivity formula which was referred to Vogel equation can determine the production capacity of shale gas wells quickly and accurately.
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Ring, C. J. A., and D. S. Latchman. "The human Brn-3b POU transcription factor shows only limited homology to the Brn-3a/RDC-1 factor outside the conserved POU domain." Nucleic Acids Research 21, no. 12 (1993): 2946. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/21.12.2946.
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Conover, J. C., N. Y. Ip, W. T. Poueymirou, et al. "Ciliary neurotrophic factor maintains the pluripotentiality of embryonic stem cells." Development 119, no. 3 (1993): 559–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.119.3.559.
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Ciliary neurotrophic factor was discovered based on its ability to support the survival of ciliary neurons, and is now known to act on a variety of neuronal and glial populations. Two distant relatives of ciliary neurotrophic factor, leukemia inhibitory factor and oncostatin M, mimic ciliary neurotrophic factor with respect to its actions on cells of the nervous system. In contrast to ciliary neurotrophic factor, leukemia inhibitory factor and oncostatin M also display a broad array of actions on cells outside of the nervous system. The overlapping activities of leukemia inhibitory factor, oncostatin M and ciliary neurotrophic factor can be attributed to shared receptor components. The specificity of ciliary neurotrophic factor for cells of the nervous system results from the restricted expression of the alpha component of the ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor complex, which is required to convert a functional leukemia inhibitory factor/oncostatin M receptor complex into a ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor complex. The recent observation that the alpha component of the ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor complex is expressed by very early neuronal precursors suggested that ciliary neurotrophic factor may act on even earlier precursors, particularly on cells previously thought to be targets for leukemia inhibitory factor action. Here we show the first example of ciliary neurotrophic factor responsiveness in cells residing outside of the nervous system by demonstrating that embryonic stem cells express a functional ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor complex, and that ciliary neurotrophic factor is similar to leukemia inhibitory factor in its ability to maintain the pluripotentiality of these cells.
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Kadena, Kizuku, Makoto Tomori, Masahiko Iha, and Takeaki Nagamine. "Absorption Study of Mozuku Fucoidan in Japanese Volunteers." Marine Drugs 16, no. 8 (2018): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md16080254.
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We performed an oral administration study of fucoidan in 396 Japanese volunteers and investigated significant factors concerning the absorption of fucoidan. Urine samples were collected at 0, 3, 6, and 9 h after ingestion of 3 g of fucoidan. Fucoidan was detected in urine after ingestion in 385 out of 396 subjects. The maximum value (mean ± standard deviation (SD)) of urinary fucoidan was 332.3 ± 357.6 μg/gCr in subjects living in Okinawa prefecture, compared with 240.1 ± 302.4 μg/gCr in subjects living outside Okinawa. Compared with the estimated urinary excretion of fucoidan by place of residence, those of subjects living in Okinawa prefecture were significantly higher than those living outside Okinawa prefecture (p < 0.01). In addition, subjects living in Okinawa prefecture consumed significantly greater amounts of mozuku compared with those living outside Okinawa prefecture (p < 0.01). Multiple regression analysis showed that having Okinawa prefecture as a place of residence was a significant factor (p < 0.01) contributing to the estimated urinary excretion of fucoidan. Because the habit of eating mozuku was significantly higher (p < 0.01) in subjects living in Okinawa prefecture than in those living outside Okinawa prefecture, the habit of eating mozuku was speculated to be a factor in the absorption of fucoidan.
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Journal, Baghdad Science. "Measurement of Photon Buildup Factor for Samples of Iraqi Carbon Black Material." Baghdad Science Journal 8, no. 2 (2016): 444–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.8.2.444-450.
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The buildup factor was measured after irradiating Iraq carbon black powder using each of and sources respectively, using mixing ratios 40% & 50% for thickness range . The results showed that the buildup factor depends on energy and has limited dependence on the mixing ratio. The QIFT program succeeded accenting for the experimental results even for expected values more than 4 m.f.p outside the thickness range.
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Ludwig, M., S. Al-Hasani, W. Küpker, O. Bauer, and K. Diedrich. "A new indication for an intracytoplasmic sperm injection procedure outside the cases of severe male factor infertility." European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 75, no. 2 (1997): 207–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-2115(97)00128-0.
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Van Slyke, C. "The essential transcription factor Reb1p interacts with the CLB2 UAS outside of the G2/M control region." Nucleic Acids Research 31, no. 15 (2003): 4597–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkg638.
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YOSHIDA, Tomoyuki, and Yasuhiro INUZUKA. "A Study of Human Factor Issues in Development of Camera Monitor System to Replace Automotive Outside Mirror." Japanese Journal of Ergonomics 56, no. 3 (2020): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5100/jje.56.95.
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Fowler, Gary W., and Laura J. Damschroder. "A Red Pine Bark Factor Equation for Michigan." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 5, no. 1 (1988): 28–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/5.1.28.
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Abstract A multiple linear regression equation was developed to predict bark factor for red pine in Michigan as a function of tree height. The equation was validated on independent data sets. The prediction equation yielded average relative errors less than ± 1% at all tree heights. Procedures are described for using the bark factor equation to estimate diameter inside bark from diameter outside bark and vice versa at any tree height. Specific uses of the prediction equation are also discussed. North. J. Appl. For. 5:28-30, March 1988.
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Mei, Zuo Yun, Chuan Qing Liu, Xing Mi, and Ping Wu. "A New Reinforcement Measure Suited for Space Truss with No-Fire Operation." Advanced Materials Research 919-921 (April 2014): 401–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.919-921.401.
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A new reinforcement measure with no-fire operation is presented, which is very suitable for space trusses which are located in gas stations. A finite element model (FEM) is presented with shell elements and multipoint constraint elements. With this FEM, nonlinear analyses are carried out. Analytical results show that integral failure of reinforced pipe is caused by yielding of original pipe inside. So it is not necessary to reinforce original pipe using steel pipe bonded outside with high yield strength. With the increase of length of bonded pipe outside, loading according to elastic stage and ultimate bearing loading increase, it is clear that the length of bonded pipe outside is an important factor which influences the bearing capacity.
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Enomoto, Masatoshi, and Yasuo Watatani. "Endomorphisms of type II1-factors and Cuntz algebras." Journal of the Australian Mathematical Society. Series A. Pure Mathematics and Statistics 60, no. 3 (1996): 343–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s144678870003785x.
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AbstractAny unital *-endomorphism of a type II1-factor is implemented by isometries of a Cuntz algebra outside the factor. If the Jones index of the range of the *-endomorphism is an integer and the algebras act on the standard space, the Jones index must agree with the number of the generators of the Cuntz algebra. We also study (outer) conjugacy of *-endomorphisms using Cuntz algebras.
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Zhang, Ximbo, and Frederick L. Kiechle. "Cytosine Arabinoside Substitution Decreases Transcription Factor–DNA Binding Element Complex Formation." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 128, no. 12 (2004): 1364–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2004-128-1364-casdtf.
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Abstract Context.—The pyrimidine nucleoside analog, cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C), is an effective therapeutic agent for acute leukemia. The phosphorylated triphosphate, cytosine arabinoside triphosphate, competes with deoxycytosine triphosphate as a substrate for incorporation into DNA. Once incorporated into DNA, it inhibits DNA polymerase and topoisomerase I and modifies the tertiary structure of DNA. Objective.—To determine if the substitution of Ara-C for cytosine in double-stranded oligonucleotides that contain 4 specific transcription factor binding sites (TATA, GATA, C/EBP, and AP-2α) alters transcription factor binding to their respective DNA binding elements. Design.—Transcription factors were obtained from nuclear extracts from human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells. [32P]-end-labeled double-stranded oligonucleotides that contained 1 or 2 specific transcription factor binding sites with or without Ara-C substitution for cytosine were used to assess transcription factor binding by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Results.—The substitution of Ara-C for cytosine within and outside the transcription factor binding element (AP-2α, C/EBP), outside the binding element only (GATA, TATA), or within the binding element only (AP-2α) all result in a reduction in transcription factor binding to their respective DNA binding element. Conclusion.—The reduction of the binding capacity of transcription factors with their respective DNA binding elements may depend on structural changes within oligonucleotides induced by Ara-C incorporation. This altered binding capacity of transcription factors to their DNA binding elements may represent one mechanism for Ara-C cytotoxicity secondary to inhibition of transcription of new messenger RNAs and, subsequently, translation of new proteins.
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Sugiyama, Yuta, Tomotaka Homae, Kunihiko Wakabayashi, Tomoharu Matsumura, and Yoshio Nakayama. "Blast Wave Mitigation from the Straight Tube by Using Water Part II - Numerical Simulation." Materials Science Forum 910 (January 2018): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.910.78.
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This paper investigates explosions in a straight square tube in order to understand the mitigation effect of water on blast waves that emerge outside. Numerical simulations are used to assess the effect of water that is put inside the tube. The water reduces the peak overpressure outside, which agrees well with the experimental data. The increases in the kinetic and internal energies of the water are estimated, and the internal energy transfer at the air/water interface is shown to be an important factor in mitigating the blast wave in the present numerical method.
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Roos, Michael W. M., and Ulrich Schmidt. "The Importance of Time-Series Extrapolation for Macroeconomic Expectations." German Economic Review 13, no. 2 (2012): 196–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0475.2011.00551.x.
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Abstract This article presents a simple experiment on how laypeople form macroeconomic expectations. Subjects have to forecast inflation and gross domestic product growth. By varying the information provided in different treatments, we can assess the importance of historical time-series information vs. information acquired outside the experimental setting such as knowledge of expert forecasts. It turns out that the availability of historical data has a dominant impact on expectations and wipes out the influence of outside-lab information completely. Consequently, backward-looking behavior can be identified unambiguously as a decisive factor in expectation formation.
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Dewi, Vita Ayu Kusuma, Budi Indra Setiawan, Roh Santoso Budi Waspodo, and Liyantono Liyantono. "Microclimate Condition in the Natural Ventilated Greenhouse." Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim 44, no. 1 (2020): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jti.v44n1.2020.31-36.
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A Greenhouse has a different microclimate compared to the outside field. Climate parameters such as solar radiation and air temperature are important parameters that affect plant growth and productivity. This research aims to understand the relation of climate factors in the inside and outside Greenhouse, the effect of microclimate on evapotranspiration and to predict the amount og evapotranspiration inside the Greenhouse. Microclimate analysis was held in two stages, the firststage was from February 5 to March 21, 2018 and the second stage from March 19 to April 29, 2019 at the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, IPB University. Primary data was measured by the Decagon sensor. Solar radiation was collected using the Decagon PYR Pyranometer sensor and air temperature using the Decagon VP-4 sensor. Based on the result, the daily air temperature inside the Greenhouse was higher than that of the outside. The inside solar radiation was lower than that of outside the Greenhouse. The relative humidity fluctuated, and the air pressure was higher inside the Greenhouse. Evapotranspiration inside the Greenhouse was lower than outside and solar radiation was the most determining factor of evapotranspiration.
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Selvaraj, Sundar Rajan, Hongzhi Miao, and Steven Pipe. "Elucidation of the Roles of Individual Asparagine-Linked Glycans Outside of the B Domain on Factor VIII Secretion." Blood 118, no. 21 (2011): 2238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.2238.2238.
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Abstract Abstract 2238 Post-translational modifications play vital roles in the secretion, function, intermolecular interactions and degradation of most secreted and transmembrane proteins. Factor VIII (FVIII) is a heavily glycosylated protein with up to 25 asparagine (Asn)-linked glycans, the bulk of which are present within its B domain. However, deletion of the B domain is not deleterious to FVIII expression and function. In addition, FVIII has several potential Asn-linked glycosylation sequons in its other domains, of which four have been experimentally deduced to be glycosylated: Asn41 and Asn239 in the A1 domain, Asn1810 in the A3 domain and Asn2118 in the C1 domain. Of these, Asn239 and Asn2118 have been determined to comprise complex oligomannose structures. Such complex oligomannose structures have been proposed to play a role in mediating interaction with immunomodulatory cells (i.e. dendritic cells). The present study was aimed at delineating the role(s) of these four Asn-linked glycans in the expression of FVIII in vitro and in vivo and to identify possible bioengineering targets to influence FVIII expression, clearance and processing by immunomodulatory cells. Individual Asn residues were mutated to glutamine (Gln) to create single and multiple glycosylation mutants in both full length (FVIII-WT) and B domain-deleted (BDD)–FVIII, by site-directed mutagenesis. A variant of BDD-FVIII completely devoid of Asn-linked glycans, designated as Degly-BDD-FVIII, was also generated. Transient transfections of the mutants were carried out in COS-1 and CHO cells and their secretion and function were analyzed and compared to that of the respective native FVIII proteins. Antigen and activity assays revealed that the secretion and function of Asn41Gln and Asn1810Gln mutants were only modestly affected (85–90% of WT) but a more significant reduction was observed in the case of Asn239Gln mutant (35–50% of WT). Interestingly, there was no significant difference in secretion or function for Asn2118Gln in either FVIII-WT or BDD-FVIII protein backbones. The double mutants, Asn41/239Gln and Asn239/2118Gln behaved similarly to that of Asn239Gln mutant (30–45% of WT). The triple mutants, Asn41/239/2118Gln and Asn239/1810/2118Gln showed a further decline in secretion (∼30-40% of WT) while Degly-BDD-FVIII demonstrated secretion of only about 15–20% of BDD-FVIII. The FVIII specific activity of each of these glycosylation mutants was similar to the native FVIII proteins. An ELISA-based Von Willebrand Factor (VWF) binding assay revealed no significant differences between immunoaffinity-purified FVIII-WT and Asn2118Gln mutant in their ability to bind VWF. Findings from in vivo expression (via hydrodynamic tail vein injection of plasmid DNA) of these glycosylation mutants in a F8−/− (exon 16 knock-out) hemophilia A mouse model were similar to the in vitro results in the cell lines. Plasma FVIII activity levels were measured 24 hrs post-injection via orbital bleed. While Asn2118Gln (5.2 – 6 U/mL) did not exhibit any difference from BDD-FVIII (4.8 – 5.9 U/ml), Asn239Gln (1.9 – 2.4 U/ml) was expressed at less than 50% of BDD-FVIII levels. The expression of Degly-BDD-FVIII (0.4 – 0.7 U/ml) was further reduced to ∼10% of BDD-FVIII levels. Taken together, these results indicate that of the four Asn-linked glycans, Asn239 was the most crucial for proper secretion of FVIII whereas, Asn2118 did not contribute to the efficiency of FVIII expression. The oligosaccharide structure on Asn239 is positioned at the A1-A2 interface and likely contributes to proper protein folding. However, the sugar moieties on Asn2118 have been shown to be positioned at the A3-C1 domain interface and postulated to participate in packing and stabilization (Shen et al, 2008). This would have suggested that disruption of this residue within the C1 domain might have a deleterious effect on protein secretion or function. Our results with Asn2118Gln in both FVIII-WT and BDD-FVIII protein backbones suggest that this Asn-linked glycosylation can be eliminated without any impact on FVIII expression or function including no impact on FVIII-VWF interaction. This Asn-linked glycan, therefore, could be targeted in bioengineering strategies to determine if eliminating this particular oligomannose structure might impact mannose-receptor mediated uptake of FVIII by dendritic cells. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Bouldin, Erin D., Andrew Vandenberg, Manan Roy, Adam Hege, Jennifer J. Zwetsloot, and Jennifer S. Howard. "Prevalence and domains of disability within and outside Appalachian North Carolina: 2013–2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System." Disability and Health Journal 13, no. 2 (2020): 100879. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dhjo.2019.100879.
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Lock, Janske, Esther W. de Bekker-Grob, Gamze Urhan, et al. "Towards Successful Implementation of Pharmacokinetic-Guided Prophylactic Dosing of Clotting Factor Concentrate in Hemophilia; The Do’s and Don’ts after Discrete Choice Experiment Analysis." Blood 124, no. 21 (2014): 5038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.5038.5038.
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Abstract Background: Patients’, parents’ and providers’ preferences with regard to medical interventions may have a major impact on the implementation of innovations, often delaying initiation significantly. Illustratively, as early as 1997, Carlsson et al. suggested that a 30% reduction of consumption of clotting factor concentrate in prophylactic treatment could be attained by dosing based on an individual pharmacokinetic (PK) profile, with a concomitant cost reduction. Therefore, we aim to evaluate do’s and don’ts in hemophilia patients, parents and professionals with regard to individualized dosing according to PK-profile of prophylaxis with clotting factor concentrate. This in order to successfully implement this intervention when imperative. Methods: In this study we included patientswith hemophilia currently or previously on prophylactic treatment with clotting factor concentrate (n=114) and parents of patients aged 12-18 years (n=19) from five Dutch Academic Hemophilia Treatment Centers, and hemophilia professionals attending the World Federation of Haemophia congress 2012 from throughout the world (n=91). Data were analysed using a Discrete Choice Experiment. Patients’, parents’ and professionals’ preferences with regard to the intervention, are measured by specific attributes with varying levels: ‘number of blood samples necessary to construct individual PK-profile’, ‘advised frequency of prophylactic infusions’, ‘frequency of repetitive PK-profiling’, ‘risk of bleeding’, ‘estimated cost reduction of treatment with benefit for society’. Results: For patients and parents (response rate 64%), a higher dosing frequency e.g. daily dosing was an important barrier. They were however willing to infuse more frequently, if bleeding was consequently reduced. ‘Reduction of costs for society’ by implementation of individualized dosing according to PK profile was found relevant and motivating to implement PK-guided dosing. For professionals the most important attributes driving implementation were an acceptable ‘advised frequency of prophylactic infusions’ and reduction of ‘risk of bleeding’. Conclusions: When anticipating implementation of a medical intervention, defining of preferences of those involved is of importance. In case of PK-guided prophylactic dosing in hemophilia conclusions are: realise the impact of daily dosing of clotting factor concentrate, use frequent bleeding as a motivator to initiate PK-guided dosing and actively discuss costs of treatment with those undergoing treatment and the cost reduction that may result from PK-guided dosing. Identification of these preferences will secure successful implementation in the near future. Disclosures Lock: ZonMW: Research Funding; Baxter: Research Funding. Laros-van Gorkum:Sanquin: speakers fee Other; Baxter: Unrestricted educational grant was provided to the Hemophilia Treatment Center of the Radboud university medical center, Unrestricted educational grant was provided to the Hemophilia Treatment Center of the Radboud university medical center Other; CSL Behring: Unrestricted educational grant was provided to the Hemophilia Treatment Center of the Radboud university medical center, Unrestricted educational grant was provided to the Hemophilia Treatment Center of the Radboud university medical center Other. Driessens:Baxter: unrestricted grant for meetings and educational courses with hemophilia patients and members of the Netherlands Hemophilia Patient Society, outside the submitted work Other; Bayer Schering Pharma: unrestricted grant for meetings and educational courses with hemophilia patients and members of the Netherlands Hemophilia Patient Society, outside the submitted work, unrestricted grant for meetings and educational courses with hemophilia patients and members of the Netherlands Hemophilia Patient Society, outside the submitted work Other; CSL Behring: unrestricted grant for meetings and educational courses with hemophilia patients and members of the Netherlands Hemophilia Patient Society, outside the submitted work, unrestricted grant for meetings and educational courses with hemophilia patients and members of the Netherlands Hemophilia Patient Society, outside the submitted work Other; Eurocept: unrestricted grant for meetings and educational courses with hemophilia patients and members of the Netherlands Hemophilia Patient Society, outside the submitted work, unrestricted grant for meetings and educational courses with hemophilia patients and members of the Netherlands Hemophilia Patient Society, outside the submitted work Other; Novo Nordisk: unrestricted grant for meetings and educational courses with hemophilia patients and members of the Netherlands Hemophilia Patient Society, outside the submitted work Other; Pfizer: unrestricted grant for meetings and educational courses with hemophilia patients and members of the Netherlands Hemophilia Patient Society, outside the submitted work Other; Sanquin: unrestricted grant for meetings and educational courses with hemophilia patients and members of the Netherlands Hemophilia Patient Society, outside the submitted work Other. Fijnvandraat:Baxter: Member of the European Hemophilia Treatment and Standardisation Board sponsored by Baxter Other; CSL Behring: Research Funding; Pfizer: Has given lectures at educational symposiums organised by Pfizer, Has given lectures at educational symposiums organised by Pfizer Other, Research Funding; Bayer Schering Pharma: Has given lectures at educational symposiums organised by Bayer Schering Pharma, Has given lectures at educational symposiums organised by Bayer Schering Pharma Other, Research Funding. Leebeek:CSL Behring: has served on advisory boards of CSL Behring, outside the submitted work Other, Research Funding; Baxter: has served on advisory boards of Baxter, outside the submitted work, has served on advisory boards of Baxter, outside the submitted work Other. Cnossen:Pfizer: Educational funding Other, Research Funding; Bayer Schering Pharma: Educational funding and travel support, Educational funding and travel support Other, Research Funding; Baxter: Educational funding and travel support, Educational funding and travel support Other, Research Funding; Novo Nordisk: Educational funding, Educational funding Other, Research Funding; Novartis: Educational funding and travel support Other, Research Funding.
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Lu, Jingyan, Jiutong Luo, Luyao Liang, and Mengguo Jing. "Measuring Adolescents’ Social Media Behavior Outside and Inside of School: Development and Validation of Two Scales." Journal of Educational Computing Research 57, no. 5 (2018): 1108–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0735633118786851.
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This study develops two scales, namely, the outside school social media behavior (OSSMB) scale and inside school social media behavior (ISSMB) scale, to measure the types of behavior that adolescent students engage in on social media in two separate contexts: outside school and inside school. Data collected from 814 students in four Hong Kong secondary schools were divided into two equal data sets ( n = 407 for each) by random selection and then analyzed. Principle component analysis (PCA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to generate and test the structures of the two scales on the different data sets. The PCA results showed good factor loadings for all items (all above .60), and satisfactory total variance were explained by the both structures (69.06% for the OSSMB and 75.30% for the ISSMB). The CFA results showed acceptable model fits for both first- and second-order CFA for both scales. The internal consistency for all factors (and subdimensions) and the two scales were also acceptable. The 21-item OSSMB scale has four subdimensions: Consuming, Communicating, Creating, and Sharing. The 10-item ISSMB scale has three subdimensions: Consuming, Creating, and Sharing. In conclusion, this study provides new tools and conceptual frameworks for assessing students’ social media behavior in two contexts (i.e., outside and inside of school).
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Yamamoto, Toru, Hirofumi Hayama, and Takao Hayashi. "Formulation of Coefficient of Performance Characteristics of Water-cooled Chillers and Evaluation of Composite COP for Combined Chillers." Energies 13, no. 5 (2020): 1182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13051182.
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The Coefficient of Performance of an ordinary water-cooled chiller is presented as a relationship with the chiller load factor and cooling water temperature. However, the cooling water temperature fluctuates according to the processed heat of the cooling tower originating in the cooling energy of the chiller and to the outside temperature and humidity. It is therefore difficult to obtain the cooling water temperature under the processed-heat and weather conditions at the time of evaluation. This, in turn, makes it difficult to determine the Coefficient of Performance of a water-cooled chiller at the evaluation time. In this research, we formulated the Coefficient of Performance of a water-cooled chiller as a relationship with the chiller load factor and specific enthalpy of outside air. Specifically, we used the Number of Transfer Units (NTU) model of a cooling tower to calculate the cooling water temperature corresponding to the cooling-tower load factor targeting a counterflow cooling tower for a range of values of outside-air specific enthalpy. This technique makes it possible to evaluate the Coefficient of Performance of a water-cooled chiller without determining the cooling water temperature. Furthermore, for the case of installing multiple units of chillers, it becomes possible to calculate the composite Coefficient of Performance of those chillers without having to determine the cooling water temperatures for the different operation load factors of those chillers. Moreover, since the composite Coefficient of Performance can be calculated by combining the different installation capacities of these chillers, the energy consumption of multiple chillers can be calculated at the basic planning stage.
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Carbonneau, Elise, Maude Bradette-Laplante, Benoît Lamarche, et al. "Social support for healthy eating: development and validation of a questionnaire for the French-Canadian population." Public Health Nutrition 21, no. 13 (2018): 2360–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980018001209.
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AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to develop and validate a questionnaire assessing social support for healthy eating in a French-Canadian population.DesignA twenty-one-item questionnaire was developed. For each item, participants were asked to rate the frequency, in the past month, with which the actions described had been done by family and friends in two different environments: (i) at home and (ii) outside of home. The content was evaluated by an expert panel. A validation study sample was recruited and completed the questionnaire twice. Exploratory factor analysis was performed on items to assess the number of subscales. Internal consistency reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s ɑ. Test–retest reliability was evaluated with intraclass correlations between scores of the two completions.SettingOnline survey.SubjectsMen and women from the Québec City area (n 150).ResultsThe content validity assessment led to a few changes, resulting in a twenty-two-item questionnaire. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a two-factor structure for both environments, resulting in four subscales: supportive actions at home; non-supportive actions at home; supportive actions outside of home; and non-supportive actions outside of home. Two items were removed from the questionnaire due to low loadings. The four subscales were found to be reliable (Cronbach’s ɑ=0·82–0·94; test–retest intraclass correlation=0·51–0·70).ConclusionsThe Social Support for Healthy Eating Questionnaire was developed for a French-Canadian population and demonstrated good psychometric properties. This questionnaire will be useful to explore the role of social support and its interactions with other factors in predicting eating behaviours.
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Lyle, David M., Frances T. Boreland, Najeebullah Soomro, and Melinda Glisson-Gladman. "Is Time Spent Outside the Family Home a Risk Factor for Lead Exposure in Pre-School Children Living in Broken Hill?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 15 (2021): 7721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18157721.
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Broken Hill is amongst a group of communities internationally that are at greater risk from lead due to active or historical lead industries. Current evidence suggests there is no safe level of lead for young children. This paper describes places outside the family home where young Broken Hill children spend time and considers the potential for this to contribute to lead risk. We interviewed 65 families of children 3 years old or younger and detailed the top five places children spent time at outside the family home. Exposure to private residences outside the family home was recorded for most (88%) young children. Nearly two thirds stayed there five or more hours per week. Most children went there on a weekly basis over many months (median, 12 months), increasing the likelihood of exposure to lead hazards. Further investigation of the lead hazard and risk behaviour of children at these residences would assist in developing guidelines for remediation of the lead hazard for all private residences in Broken Hill. This approach to elucidating the potential sources and pathways of lead and other heavy metal exposures for young children may have merit in other settings where comprehensive zonal remediation is not feasible or may not be warranted.
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Brown Jarreau, Paige. "When quotes matter: impact of outside quotes in a science press release on news judgment." Journal of Science Communication 13, no. 04 (2014): A02. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/2.13040202.
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Scientists often cite discrepancy between scientific values and news values as a primary factor in poor quality science reporting. The goal of this study was to understand how news values including conflict and controversy affect science communicators’ evaluation of press releases containing quotes from outside expert sources. Results of an online survey experiment suggest science communicators find a climate science press release with an outside expert quote that introduces controversy to be more newsworthy. However, when a science communicator attributes relatively high importance to reliability of facts as a guiding principle in story selection, this preference for controversy is reversed.
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Zhang, Yuan Zhu, Xiao Zhen Li, and Xin Jiang Wei. "The Numerical Simulation of Moisture Transportation in Unsaturated Concrete of Underwater Tunnel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 275-277 (January 2013): 1190–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.275-277.1190.
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Moisture transportation is a key factor to affect the long-term safety of underwater concrete tunnel. According to the inside and outside environment of tunnel, the moisture transportation equation in unsaturated concrete of underwater tunnel was raised. Finite difference method was adopted to solve the nonlinear partial differential equation of moisture diffusion. The study shows that the changes of water saturation in concrete are mainly concentrated in the surface of tunnel wall and amplitude is gradually slowing down over time. Saturation changes greater in the outside than inside. The wetting state is more obvious than drying state.
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Yang, Zhi Xian, Ze Hua Liu, C. Guo, and Zhen Dong Dai. "Nano Mechanical Behaviors of Hindleg Cuticle in Beetle Dorcus titanus (Coleoptera: Lucanidae)." Advanced Materials Research 668 (March 2013): 529–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.668.529.
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Biomaterials have a hierarchical structure with outstanding mechanical properties that are far beyond those additional engineering materials. Nano indentation techniques are convenient to study the biological materials. In this paper, the nano mechanical behavors of hindleg cuticle in beetle Dorcus titanus were investigated. The results indicate that the hardness and modulus values of hindleg cuticle outside are far higher than that of inside as well as the front podomere cuticle outside has a softer stiffness than that of the middle podomere cuticle outside, which is exactly contrary to the cuticle inside anyway. The primary formation factor probably is related to the different epicuticle and exocuticle with different thickness. Mechanics theories on the stiffness, hardness, strength and toughness of biomaterials can be expected to play a key role in developing bio-inspired multi-functional and hierarchical materials in future.
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McKinnell, Cathy S. "The U.S. Position in the Millennium Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiation." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 32, no. 2 (2000): 209–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800020290.
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Soon after the implementation of the Uruguay Round, U.S. agricultural exports reached their highest level. Now many things, including exchange rates, factor into any rise in exports, but almost all economists agree that lowering trade barriers through trade agreements has been a critical factor. The vast majority— 96 percent—of potential customers for U.S. products, including agricultural products, live outside the United States. We must work to increase our opportunities to sell into these global markets.
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Iryani, Sapti Dwi, and Yanki Hartijasti. "Stress Kerja dan Resiliensi Account Representative pada Kantor Pelayanan Pajak di Wilayah Riau dan Kepulauan Riau." Jurnal Manajemen Teori dan Terapan | Journal of Theory and Applied Management 11, no. 2 (2018): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jmtt.v11i2.10063.
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This study focused on job stress and employee resilience of Account Representative at Tax Offices in Riau and Riau Islands region. This research used qualitative content analysis method. Respondents that were involved in this study were 154 Account Representative. Based on data analysis, there were two major themes, namely job stress factor and resilience factor. The theme of job stress consisted of two categories, namely factors causing stress due to work and factor causesing stress beside of work. The theme of resilience factors consisted of internal protective factor and external protective factor. The calculation of qualitative content analysis found that the highest cause of stress at work was due to the intrinsic to job subcategory while the biggest cause of stress from outside was due to extra-organizational factors. The factor of religiousity and spirituality became the highest internal protective factor while the support factor became the highest external protective factor.
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Silvia, John E., and Azhar Iqbal. "Thinking Outside the Cycle." Global Economy Journal 9, no. 3 (2009): 1850173. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1524-5861.1515.
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Sounds that we hear on the radio are the product of music being superimposed on carrier waves. In a similar way, the economic cycles we have seen in recent decades have been carried on the evolution of the information technology (IT). In this paper, we put forth our view that the current financial crisis is driven by a structural change from outside of the financial world. Developments that alter the path of economic growth of the world are deemed to be structural changes. We believe that the IT revolution was a structural change in this sense of altering the path of growth and has been a root cause of the two most recent business cycles. An important factor that is often missed is the causal (cause and effect) relationship between various sectors and fields, which will prove to be important for decision-makers, policy-makers and researchers.
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Bernardi, Bruno, Gianni F. Guidetti, Francesca Campus та ін. "The small GTPase Rap1b regulates the cross talk between platelet integrin α2β1 and integrin αIIbβ3". Blood 107, № 7 (2006): 2728–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2005-07-3023.
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AbstractThe involvement of the small GTPase Rap1b in platelet integrin α2β1-dependent outside-in signaling was investigated. Platelet adhesion to 4 different specific ligands for integrin α2β1, monomeric collagen, decorin, and collagen-derived peptides CB8(II) and CB11(II), induced a robust and rapid activation of Rap1b. This process did not require secreted ADP or thromboxane A2 production but was critically regulated by phospholipase C (PLC)–derived second messengers. Both Ca2+ and protein kinase C were found to organize independent but additive pathways for Rap1b activation downstream of integrin-α2β1, which were completely blocked by inhibition of PLC with U73122. Moreover, integrin α2β1 engagement failed to trigger Rap1b activation in murine platelets lacking CalDAG-GEFI, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor regulated by Ca2+ and diacylglycerol, despite normal phosphorylation and activation of PLCγ2. In addition, CalDAG-GEFI–deficient platelets showed defective integrin α2β1-dependent adhesion and spreading. We found that outside-in signaling through integrin α2β1 triggered inside-out activation of integrin αIIbβ3 and promoted fibrinogen binding. Similarly to Rap1b stimulation, this process occurred downstream of PLC activation and was dramatically impaired in murine platelets lacking the Rap1 exchange factor CalDAG-GEFI. These results demonstrate that Rap1b is an important element in integrin-dependent outside-in signaling during platelet adhesion and regulates the cross talk between adhesive receptors.
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TOMONO, Masahiro, Kotaro TOYOSHIMA, Motohiro ITO, and Hisao AMANO. "Calcineurin is essential for DNA synthesis in Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts." Biochemical Journal 317, no. 3 (1996): 675–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3170675.
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DNA synthesis was measured 16 h after stimulation of Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts in the resting phase with various growth factors (platelet-derived growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, lysophosphatidic acid and thrombin). When extracellular Ca2+ was chelated by EGTA, or when the influx of Ca2+ from outside to inside the cell was blocked by cobalt, DNA synthesis was completely inhibited. As there was no effect whatsover on DNA synthesis when Ca2+ was chelated, or when the influx of Ca2+ was blocked up to the first 4 h after growth stimulation, it was concluded that, at an early stage, Ca2+ influx from outside to inside the cell is not related to the transition from the G1 to the S phase. A Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II inhibitor (KN-62) had no effect on DNA synthesis. However, cyclosporin A and FK-506, which are inhibitors of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase 2B (calcineurin), markedly inhibited DNA synthesis stimulated by all of the growth factors. These results indicate that calcineurin plays a role, not only in activation of T-cells of the immune system in the initial phase, but also in DNA synthesis in fibroblasts. It was concluded that Ca2+ influx from outside to inside the cell during the mid-to-late G1 phase, followed by calcineurin activation, is essential as a mechanism of growth signal transduction.