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Books on the topic 'Outside markets'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Burger, Bettina. Relocation outside the European Union. European Parliament, Directorate-General for Research, 1996.

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2

Lewis, Karen K. Is the international diversification potential diminishing?: Foreign equity inside and outside the U.S. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2006.

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3

Bjørn, Niels Henning. Insiders and outsiders in the Danish labour market: An empirical study. Secretariat of the Danish Economic Council, 1992.

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4

Rosen, Shara. In vitro diagnostic tests and systems: The world outside the United States. Kalorama Information, 2003.

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5

Gupta, Anju. Outsiders and RTAs among small countries: The case of regional markets. World Bank, Development Research Group., 1997.

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6

Marjit, Sugata. The outsiders: Economic reform and informal labour in a developing economy. Oxford University Press, 2011.

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7

Saibal, Kar, ed. The outsiders: Economic reform and informal labour in a developing economy. Oxford University Press, 2011.

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8

Carneiro, Anabela. Market power, dismissal threat and rent sharing: The role of insider and outsider forces in wage bargaining. IZA, 2006.

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9

van Kooten, G. Cornelis, and Linda Voss, eds. International trade in forest products: lumber trade disputes, models and examples. CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789248234.0000.

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Abstract Because of the long-standing Canada-United States lumber trade dispute and the current pressure on the world's forests as a renewable energy source, much attention has been directed toward the modelling of international trade in wood products. Two types of trade models are described in this book: one is rooted in economic theory and mathematical programming, and the other consists of two econometric/statistical models--a gravity model rooted in theory and an approach known as GVAR that relies on time series analyses. The purpose of the book is to provide the background theory behind models and enable readers to easily construct their own models to analyze policy questions, whether in forestry or another sector. Examples in the book illustrate how models can be used to say something about a variety of issues, including identification of the gains and losses to various players in the North American softwood lumber business, and the potential for redirecting sales of lumber to countries outside the United States. The discussion is expanded to include other products besides lumber, and used to examine, for example, the effects of log export restrictions by one naton on all other forestry jurisdictions, the impacts of climate policies as they relate to the global forest sector, and the impact of oil prices on forest product markets throughout the world.
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10

Papanastassiou, Marina. Cooperative approaches to strategic competitiveness through MNE subsidiaries: Insiders and outsiders in the European market. University of Reading, Dept. of Economics, 1995.

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11

Murray, Sam A. The bargaining process that takes place between buyers and sellers in a dynamic market when there exists an outside option for the buyers. typescript, 1997.

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12

Silva, Elpídio Malaquias da. Diários: Impressões de uma obra, E.M.S. s.n., 1999.

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13

Casini, Leonardo, ed. Guida per la valorizzazione della multifunzionalità dell'agricoltura. Firenze University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-092-5.

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This book publishes the results of the inter-regional project on "Evolutionary dynamics of agricultural enterprises and multifunctionality". Starting from the identification of a shared theoretical framework of the concept of multifunctionality, the study has developed a method for zoning the territory aimed at defining the different roles played by agriculture. The development of case studies, and meetings with stakeholders and focus groups, have made it possible to identify the weak and strong points within and outside the enterprises, with particular reference to the multifunctional components and the degree of repeatability and transferability of the experiences analysed. The result is to bring to light needs in terms of policies, tools for the valorisation of multifunctionality and strategies that enable the agricultural enterprises to commercially valorise functions not traditionally pertinent to the market.
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14

Naruhito. The Thames and I. Translated by Hugh Cortazzi. Amsterdam University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9781898823988.

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Prior to becoming Crown Prince of Japan in 1989, following the death of his grandfather Emperor Showa, Prince Naruhito studied at Merton College, Oxford, from June 1983 to October 1985. His research topic was the River Thames as a commercial highway in the eighteenth century. This marked the first time that anyone in direct succession to the throne had ever studied outside Japan. In 1992, he published a record of his time at Oxford under the title Thames no tomo ni . The memoir, which includes a colour plate section incorporating photographs taken by the Prince, explores his daily life, studies and recreational experiences, including discovering beer and being banned from entering a disco because he was wearing jeans. The Thames and I is a remarkable record, not least because of its candour, but equally because it reveals the Crown Prince as an individual, including his personal charm and sense of humour. It will be of special interest to those wishing to know more about the future emperor of Japan.
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15

Dietmar, Mieth, and Vidal Marciano, eds. Outside the market no salvation? SCM Press, 1997.

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16

Halle, Randall. “Outside” Europe. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038457.003.0006.

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This chapter discusses how the apparatus of European film extends beyond the ideational boundaries of Europe, and analyzes the distinction between an “inside” and “outside” production. Within the European Union, a number of programs have emerged to develop synergy with non-European filmmakers and film industries. For instance, the MEDIA program alone sponsors Outside MEDIA, MEDIA MUNDUS, and coordinates with the European–Mediterranean (EUROMED) partnership. The programs presented here aim to foster the distribution and exhibition of European films abroad, especially in the Mediterranean regions. The coproduction funds foster an ease of distribution in European film markets, giving rise to a complex network that reaches across the globe.
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17

Ahrne, Göran, Patrik Aspers, and Nils Brunsson. The Organization of Markets. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815761.003.0002.

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The term organization has earlier been used in the context of markets, but what is missing from current literature is a more systematic analysis of this notion. We present an analysis of partial organization that provides a theoretical framework for the discussions in the remaining chapters. Organization is described as a decided order where the most fundamental decisions are about membership, rules, monitoring, sanctions, and hierarchy. We exemplify how these ‘organizational elements’ are common in contemporary markets—not only in markets within formal organizations such as exchanges, but also in the more common form of markets described in the book, markets outside formal organizations. We demonstrate that a decided order has specific characteristics that make it salient to distinguish it from orders emerging from mutual adaptation among market actors and from institutions in markets.
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18

Brunsson, Nils, and Mats Jutterström. Organizing and Reorganizing Markets. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815761.001.0001.

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Organizing and Reorganizing Markets is an edited volume that brings organization theory to the study of markets. The differences between markets and organizations are often exaggerated. Both are organized. Organizing exists in addition to other processes and phenomena that form markets: the mutual adaption among sellers and buyers as described in mainstream economics and the institutions described in institutional economics and economic sociology. Market organization can be analysed with the same type of theories used for analysing organization within formal organizations. Through the use of many empirical examples, the book demonstrates how this can be done. We argue that the way a certain market is organized can be understood as the (intermediate) result of previous organizing processes. We discuss such questions as ‘What drives market organizing and reorganizing processes? What makes various organizations intervene as market organizers? And how are the specific contents of market organization determined?’ The answers to these questions help us to analyse similarities and differences among organizing processes in formal organizations and those in markets. The arguments are illustrated by in-depth studies of many types of markets. The book is intended to open up markets as a field of study for scholars of organization. Although the chapters have different authors, they use and elaborate upon the same general theoretical framework. The book contributes to the issue of organization outside and among organizations where a fundamental concept is that of partial organization.
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19

Schweitzer, Stuart O., and Z. John Lu. The Demand for Pharmaceuticals in Major International Markets. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190623784.003.0007.

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This chapter provides a comparative analysis of pharmaceutical expenditure levels across major global markets. It identifies several factors for the difference across countries, including national income, spending on overall healthcare, price for substitutable healthcare products and services, age distribution, patient and physician tastes and preferences, and even culture. The discussion focuses on seven of the largest national markets outside the United States: Japan, China, France, Germany, the United Kingdom, Canada, and Brazil. While there are notable differences between these markets, one especially important commonality distinguishes them from the United States: in every single market, the central government plays a pivotal role in the determination of drug prices by using its monopsonist power in negotiations with and regulations of drug manufacturers.
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20

Barnett, Jonathan M. Innovators, Firms, and Markets. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190908591.001.0001.

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This book presents a theoretical, historical, and empirical account of the relationship between intellectual property (IP) rights, organizational type, and market structure. Patents expand transactional choice by enabling smaller research-and-development (R&D)-intensive firms to compete against larger firms that wield difficult-to-replicate financing, production, and distribution capacities. In particular, patents enable upstream firms that specialize in innovation to exchange informational assets with downstream firms that specialize in commercialization, lowering capital and technical requirements that might otherwise impede entry. These theoretical expectations track a novel organizational history of the U.S. patent system during 1890–2006. Periods of strong patent protection tend to support innovation ecosystems in which smaller innovators can monetize R&D through financing, licensing, and other relationships with funding and commercialization partners. Periods of weak patent protection tend to support innovation ecosystems in which innovation and commercialization mostly take place within the end-to-end structures of large integrated firms. The proposed link between IP rights and organizational type tracks evidence on historical and contemporary patterns in IP lobbying and advocacy activities. In general, larger and more integrated firms (outside pharmaceuticals) tend to advocate for weaker patents, while smaller and less integrated firms (and venture capitalists who back those firms) tend to advocate for stronger patents. Contrary to conventional assumptions, the economics, history, and politics of the U.S. patent system suggest that weak IP rights often shelter large incumbents from the entry threat posed by smaller R&D-specialist entities.
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21

Christopherson, Susan. Outside Regional Paths: Constructing an Economic Geography of Energy Transitions. Edited by Gordon L. Clark, Maryann P. Feldman, Meric S. Gertler, and Dariusz Wójcik. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198755609.013.52.

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Moving beyond theories of socio-technical adaptation, a new economic geography of energy transitions is developing that contributes to a deeper understanding of adaptation and change in energy systems. This new geography of energy transitions draws on concepts in evolutionary economic geography but moves beyond regional analysis to recognize the nation state as a critical venue for strategic action by firms. The dependence on the nation state for access to the resource; financing of exploration and production; favourable regulatory oversight; and the infrastructure to transport the commodity to profitable markets, make it the essential venue for strategic action. Drawing on the US case of shale gas and oil extraction, this chapter argues that, despite the emergence of global production networks in the oil and gas industry, national-scale governance remains central to understanding energy transitions.
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22

Bidwell, Matthew. Managing talent Flows Through Internal and External Labor Markets. Edited by David G. Collings, Kamel Mellahi, and Wayne F. Cascio. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198758273.013.19.

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This chapter examines talent management through the lens of worker flows, emphasizing the interdependence between staffing decisions across jobs and over time. It reviews existing theories on how people flow across jobs within and across organizations, as well as how organizations balance those internal and external flows in staffing jobs. Although different theories have generally been used to analyze internal and external mobility, I note that organizations are using increasingly market-like structures to manage internal moves, while research is also revealing increasing amounts of structure in flows of workers across organizations. I also argue that studies continue to highlight the substantial benefits that organizations receive from staffing jobs through internal rather than external mobility, despite increases over time in outside hiring.
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23

Hanmer, Lucia, Edinaldo Tebaldi, and Dorte Verner. Gender and Labor Markets in Tunisia’s Lagging Regions. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198799863.003.0006.

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There are significant differences in labor market outcomes by gender in Tunisia. These gender differences differ substantially in the richer coastal and eastern regions and the poorer southern and western regions. This chapter uses the 2014 Tunisia Labor Market Panel Survey (TLMPS) to examine the characteristics of male and female labor market participants in the lagging southern, western, and central regions, and in the leading regions. The chapter also discusses results from an econometric analysis of the factors that influence monthly wages and the probability of employment for men and women respectively. Our results show that gender plays a huge role in labor market outcomes: women are less likely to participate in the labor force, are more likely to be unemployed, and receive lower wages. In addition, youth and educated women in lagging regions are particularly disadvantaged because they are less likely to find a job and may not have the option of moving to places where employment prospects are better. Moreover, our results suggest that wage discrimination against women is prevalent outside the leading region in Tunisia.
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24

Cynthia, Roberts, Leslie Armijo, and Saori Katada. BRICS Collective Financial Statecraft. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190697518.003.0003.

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This chapter examines four ideal types of collective financial statecraft of the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) in four case studies occurring between 2007 and mid-2016. The first type is inside reforms of existing institutions, illustrated by the BRICS’ attempt to gain greater influence within the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank. A second type is inside reforms of markets, defined as resisting or reallocating the political power accruing to states that possess currency and financial market power. The associated case profiles the BRICS’ opposition to sanctions against Russia over its intervention in Ukraine. A third type of BRICS collective action occurs via the outside option to create new parallel institutions such as the New Development Bank (NDB) and Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA). Finally, a fourth type combines the choice of an outside option with a market-based venue. The chapter examines BRICS support of greater internationalization of China’s currency, rivaling the U.S. dollar and thus altering international financial markets. The BRICS have cooperated successfully in most of their attempts.
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25

Fox, Eleanor M. Outsider Antitrust. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198810674.003.0003.

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The United Nations has published the Sustainable Development Goals, which it aspires to achieve by 2030. The goals aspire to end poverty and hunger, build dignity, and create an inclusive, safe, and environmentally sound society. To much of the world community, markets are the problem, not the solution. This chapter argues the contrary; namely, that markets properly harnessed to work for development and for the people are an essential prong in the plan to end poverty, hunger, and exclusion by empowering people to help themselves. It shows how Competition Law in the service of markets helps to achieve these goals.
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26

Roger, Mccormick, and Stears Chris. Part I The General Context, 4 The Global Context. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198749271.003.0005.

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This chapter considers how legal risk issues are dealt with outside the UK. Recent developments in law and policy, especially in the financial sector, have been influenced by the impact of globalization. The recent global financial crisis also triggered a new resolve at international, governmental level to seek more effective ways of achieving some measure of globally effective regulation for the financial markets. EU directives are currently (before Brexit takes effect) the single largest source of regulatory change in the London financial markets. Policymakers increasingly look at the comparative position in other similar countries to address the need for English law to remain in step with international developments that assist with the efficient functioning of a financial market wishing to attract international financial institutions and their clients.
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27

Eddy, Wymeersch. Part V The Broader View and the Future of MiFID, 22 Shadow Banking and the Functioning of Financial Markets. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198767671.003.0022.

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This chapter considers the financial activity taking place outside the traditional and often unregulated financial sphere of the securities markets, which has become substantial and diverse, and is often called ‘shadow banking’, a misnomer. These activities, mapped by the Financial Stability Board, include a variety of entities which specialise in certain financial activities, or provide financial services as part of their overall product offer. They create risks of a ‘systemic’ nature, leading to major financial disruption and contagion. Although thought to be on the border of the traditional securities systems, these matters and the related regulation have a considerable impact on the framing of certain classes of securities and may determine the safety of the overall system, including that of the final investor.
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28

Inayatullah, Naeem, and David L. Blaney. Units, Markets, Relations, and Flow: Beyond Interacting Parts to Unfolding Wholes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.272.

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Heterodox work in Global Political Economy (GPE) finds its motive force in challenging the ontological atomism of International Political Economy (IPE) orthodoxy. Various strains of heterodoxy that have grown out of dependency theory and World-Systems Theory (WST), for example, emphasize the social whole: Individual parts are given form and meaning within social relations of domination produced by a history of violence and colonial conquest. An atomistic approach, they stress, seems designed to ignore this history of violence and relations of domination by making bargaining among independent units the key to explaining the current state of international institutions. For IPE, it is precisely this atomistic approach, largely inspired by the ostensible success of neoclassical economics, which justifies its claims to scientific rigor. International relations can be modeled as a market-like space, in which individual actors, with given preferences and endowments, bargain over the character of international institutional arrangements. Heterodox scholars’ treatment of social processes as indivisible wholes places them beyond the pale of acceptable scientific practice. Heterodoxy appears, then, as the constitutive outside of IPE orthodoxy.Heterodox GPE perhaps reached its zenith in the 1980s. Just as heterodox work was being cast out from the temple of International Relations (IR), heterodox scholars, building on earlier work, produced magisterial studies that continue to merit our attention. We focus on three texts: K. N. Chaudhuri’s Asia Before Europe (1990), Eric Wolf’s Europe and the People Without History (1982), and L. S. Stavrianos’s Global Rift (1981). We select these texts for their temporal and geographical sweep and their intellectual acuity. While Chaudhuri limits his scope to the Indian Ocean over a millennium, Wolf and Stavrianos attempt an anthropology and a history, respectively, of European expansion, colonialism, and the rise of capitalism in the modern era. Though the authors combine different elements of material, political, and social life, all three illustrate the power of seeing the “social process” as an “indivisible whole,” as Schumpeter discusses in the epigram below. “Economic facts,” the region, or time period they extract for detailed scrutiny are never disconnected from the “great stream” or process of social relations. More specifically, Chaudhuri’s work shows notably that we cannot take for granted the distinct units that comprise a social whole, as does the IPE orthodoxy. Rather, such units must be carefully assembled by the scholar from historical evidence, just as the institutions, practices, and material infrastructure that comprise the unit were and are constructed by people over the longue durée. Wolf starts with a world of interaction, but shows that European expansion and the rise and spread of capitalism intensified cultural encounters, encompassing them all within a global division of labor that conditioned the developmental prospects of each in relation to the others. Stavrianos carries out a systematic and relational history of the First and Third Worlds, in which both appear as structural positions conditioned by a capitalist political economy. By way of conclusion, we suggest that these three works collectively inspire an effort to overcome the reification and dualism of agents and structures that inform IR theory and arrive instead at “flow.”
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29

Frost & Sullivan., ed. Orthopaedic implants & allied products market outside the U.S. Frost & Sullivan, 1989.

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30

Tenhunen, Sirpa. Mobile telephony, economy, and social logistics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190630270.003.0004.

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This Chapter 4 gives a nuanced picture of the role of mobile phones in economic activities in rural West Bengal. Rather than juxtaposing economic and social uses, it explores them in tandem. How are phones used instrumentally and socially, and how do these different uses mesh and interrelate? The chapter also looks at how phone use influences social relationships, including their use for health care. Furthermore, the chapter assesses how the enhancement of logistical efficiency with the help of phones relates to development as economic growth and increased well-being. It highlights that not all people received equal economic benefits from phones. Phones have been most beneficial for the wealthiest entrepreneurs and large farmers. Those entrepreneurs whose markets extend outside the village have benefitted more than those who mainly market their products and services in the village.
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31

Roger, Mccormick, and Stears Chris. Part VIII Examples of Legal Risk, 27 Vague Laws. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198749271.003.0028.

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This chapter continues the discussion of examples of legal risk, focusing on over-ambitious legislation, the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (POCA 2002), and market abuse. In the UK, there is a tendency pass laws with ambitious titles, that suggest they can, for example, ‘prevent’ fraud or terrorism. However, the truth of the matter is that no amount of legislation will ever eradicate bad behaviour simply by making it an offence. Over time, legislation may have an influence on moral perceptions in society and that, in turn, may affect the way a substantial number of people behave. One example of over-ambitious legislation is the POCA 2002. This law has been criticized by the Financial Markets Law Committee as giving rise to legal uncertainty, especially with regard to ‘in what circumstances conduct outside England and Wales is criminal within the meaning of POCA’.
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32

van der Linden, Marcel. Notes from an Outsider. Liverpool University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9780968128831.003.0017.

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This final chapter concludes the volume with a commentary on the previous essays. It praises the collaborative work of experts for providing a database of interpretation and case studies that offer more than a medley of bare fact. The chapter also provides a summary of the contributions in the collection, covering maritime labour power; economic and maritime developments; the labour market; the hunting and fishing industry; navy; war; technology; recruitment; quantifying the seafaring pool; ages; and wages.
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33

Victorian outside, European inside: [the refurbishment of Smithfield Central Market]. 1994.

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34

Bacha, Carlos José Caetano. The Agricultural Sector. Edited by Edmund Amann, Carlos R. Azzoni, and Werner Baer. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190499983.013.13.

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This chapter analyzes the evolution of agriculture in Brazil from the early sixteenth century until the second decade of the twenty-first century. It focuses on seven domestic and external conditioning factors that have stimulated and supported the sector’s expansion in Brazil. These factors and the way that they have impacted agricultural expansion and will continue to drive Brazil’s agricultural sector for at least the next two decades. Given the availability of fallow arable land, at current productivity levels, this idle area could be used to double crop production. The transference of road operation to the regulated private sector will lead to improved road surfaces and maintenance, thereby facilitating the transportation of agricultural production to exporting ports. The reduction of agricultural sector subsidies and the increased forest conservation efforts by the European Union should improve Brazilian agriculture’s competitive position in many foreign markets currently served by EU farmers. The increasing share of Brazil’s agricultural production sold in world markets makes the country’s agricultural sector more vulnerable than ever to uncontrollable outside forces. World economic growth, especially that of China and the European countries, is a necessity if the Brazilian agricultural sector is to continue expanding and improving efficiencies. Most Brazilian agricultural inputs continue to be produced by foreign companies or their Brazilian subsidiaries. These overseas entities are a very strong force in the domestic inputs market and represent another uncontrollable factor that affects local farmers’ earnings and Brazil’s balance of trade.
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35

Borjas, George J., and Barry R. Chiswick. Foundations of Migration Economics. Edited by Benjamin Elsner. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198788072.001.0001.

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Migration these days is as topical as ever. A substantial and even increasing percentage of the world population live outside their country of birth. Climate change, conflicts, but also better education in developing countries will lead to more international migration, and will present new challenges to the societies in the sending and receiving countries. This volume offers insights into core topics of migration economics that have been pioneered by 2011 IZA Prize Laureates George Borjas and Barry Chiswick. The book shows migration economics at its best and underscores its high relevance for shaping the future of modern societies and labor markets.
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36

Roberts, Cynthia, Leslie Armijo, and Saori Katada. The BRICS and Collective Financial Statecraft. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190697518.001.0001.

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In the context of an ongoing global power shift, the largest emerging economies (China, Russia, India, Brazil) formed an exclusive and informal club called the BRICs. Subsequently joined by South Africa, the BRICS have exercised collective financial statecraft, defined as the use of financial and monetary policies by sovereign governments for the purpose of achieving larger foreign policy goals. This volume identifies four types of such financial statecraft, ranging from pressure for inside reforms of either multilateral institutions or global markets, to outside options exercised through creating new multilateral institutions or jointly pushing for new realities in international financial markets. The joint actions of the BRICS have been largely successful. Although each member has its own unique rationale for collaboration, the largest member, China, controls resources that afford it the greatest influence in intraclub decision-making. The BRICS hang together due to common aversions (resentment over being perennial junior partners in global economic and financial governance, resistance to infringements on their autonomy and dollar dominance) and common interests (obtaining greater voice in international institutions, such as the International Monetary Fund). The BRICS are neither revolutionaries nor shirkers. The group seeks reforms, influence, and leadership roles within the existing liberal capitalist global economic order. Where blocked, they experiment with parallel multilateral institutions in which they are the dominant rule-makers. The future of the BRICS depends not only on their bargaining power and adjustment to market players, but also on their ability to overcome domestic impediments to the sustainable economic growth that provides the basis for their international positions.
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37

Wilson, Andrew, and Alan Bowman. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198790662.003.0001.

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The introduction sets the contributions of this volume within the context of scholarly debate over the scale, nature, and importance of Roman trade since the mid-twentieth century, and highlights the conceptual links and common leitmotifs between papers in the volume. The focus is on the period from c.100 BC to AD 350, and in particular the role of the Roman state in commerce, in shaping the institutional framework for trade within and outside the Empire, in taxing that trade, and in intervening in the markets to ensure the supply of particular commodities, especially for the city of Rome and for the army.
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38

Folsom, Ralph. European Union Law after Maastricht:Practical Guide for Lawyers Outside the Common Market. Kluwer Law International, 1996.

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39

Yoshino, Naoyuki, Pornpinun Chantapacdepong, and Matthias Helble, eds. Macroeconomic Shocks and Unconventional Monetary Policy. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198838104.001.0001.

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Barely two decades after the Asian financial crisis Asia was suddenly confronted with multiple challenges originating outside the region: the 2008 global financial crisis, the European debt crisis, and, finally developed economies’ implementation of unconventional monetary policies. Especially the implementation of quantitative easing (QE), ultra-low interest rate policies, and negative interest rate policies by a number of large central banks has given rise to concerns over financial stability and international capital flows. One of the regions most profoundly affected by the crisis was Asia due to its high dependence on international trade and international financial linkages. The objective of this book is to explain how macroeconomic shocks stemming from the global financial crisis and recent unconventional monetary policies in developed economies have affected macroeconomic and financial stability in emerging markets, with a particular focus on Asia. In particular, the book covers the following thematic areas: (i) the spillover effects of macroeconomic shocks on financial markets and flows in emerging economies; (ii) the impact of recent macroeconomic shocks on real economies in emerging markets; and (iii) key challenges for the monetary, exchange rate, trade, and macroprudential policies of developing economies, especially Asian economies, and suggestions and recommendations to increase resiliency against external shocks.
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40

Mak, Vanessa. Legal Pluralism in European Contract Law. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198854487.001.0001.

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The relevance of contracting and self-regulation in consumer markets has increased rapidly in recent years, in particular in the platform economy. Online platforms provide opportunities for businesses and consumers to connect with strangers, often across borders, trading products, and services. In this new economy, platform operators create, apply, and enforce their own rules in their contractual relationships with users. This book examines the substance of these rules and the space for private governance beyond the reach of state regulation. It explores recent developments in lawmaking ‘beyond the state’ with case studies focusing on companies such as Airbnb and Amazon. The book asks how common values and objectives of EU law, such as consumer protection and contractual fairness, can be safeguarded when lawmaking shifts to a space outside the reach of state law.
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41

Pagliari, Stefano. The Second Half. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190864576.003.0006.

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This chapter explores the implementation of the derivatives rules included within the Dodd-Frank by US regulatory agencies. This phase brought to a halt the tightening in the regulation of derivatives markets that had been set in motion by the financial crisis, as regulators have come to exclude a number of actors and transactions from regulatory requirements mandated by Congress. In order to explain this outcome, this chapter will map the ecology of interest groups from within and outside the financial industry that have mobilized during the implementation of Dodd-Frank. The analysis will reveal how the breadth and cohesiveness of the opposition front that emerged in response to different rules have influenced the capacity of regulators to withstand pressures to whittle down the scope and strictness of Dodd-Frank during the implementation phase.
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42

Olsen, Jan Abel. The healthcare delivery system: an overview. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794837.003.0013.

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This chapter provides an overview of the healthcare delivery system. A figure illustrates how six different parts of the system relate to each other. The primary care level plays a key role in many countries by representing the gate, in which referrals to secondary care are being made. Tertiary care is principally of two types depending on patients’ prognosis: chronic care or rehabilitation. In addition to the three care levels, there are two parts with quite different roles: pharmacies provide pharmaceuticals, and sickness benefit schemes compensate the sick for their income losses. A recurrent policy challenge is to make each provider level take into account the resource implications of their isolated decisions outside of their own budgets. A brief discussion is included on the scope for ‘internal markets’.
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43

Haughwout, Folsom Ralph, Lake Ralph B, and Nanda Ved P, eds. European Community law after 1992: A practical guide for lawyers outside the Common Market. Kluwer Law and Taxation Publishers, 1993.

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44

Haughwout, Folsom Ralph, Lake Ralph B, and Nanda Ved P, eds. European Union law after Maastricht: A practical guide for lawyers outside the Common Market. Kluwer Law International, 1996.

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45

(Editor), Ralph H. Folsom, Ralph B. Lake (Editor), and Ved P. Nanda (Editor), eds. European Union Law After Maastricht: A Practical Guide for Lawyers Outside the Common Market. Kluwer Law Intl, 1997.

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46

Lake, Ralph B., and Ralph Haughwout Folsom. European Community Law After 1992: A Practical Guide for Lawyers Outside the Common Market. Kluwer Law Intl, 1992.

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47

Viktoria, Baklanova, and Tanega Joseph. Part 3 Comparative Analysis, 9 Money Market Funds outside the EU and the US. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199687251.003.0009.

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48

Dana, Schweigelová. 10 Czech Republic. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198808589.003.0010.

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This chapter provides an overview of the legal framework of set-off in the Czech Republic both outside and within the context of insolvency. In the Czech Republic, set-off rights are regulated exclusively by statutory law. General regulations on set-off arrangements are laid down in Sections 1982–1991 of the Czech Civil Code. Other laws relevant to set-off are the Business Corporations Act, the Capital Markets Act, the Financial Collateral Act, and the Act on Insolvency. The chapter first examines set-off between solvent parties, taking into account general regulations, specific regulations under the Business Corporations Act, contractual set-off involving multiple parties, and special regulatory regimes governing set-off in the Czech Republic. It then considers set-off between insolvent parties before concluding with an analysis of set-off issues arising in the cross-border context.
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49

Wilson, Andrew, and Alan Bowman, eds. Trade, Commerce, and the State in the Roman World. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198790662.001.0001.

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This interdisciplinary volume presents nineteen chapters by Roman historians and archaeologists, discussing trade in the Roman Empire in the period c.100 BC to AD 350, and in particular the role of the Roman state, in shaping the institutional framework for trade within and outside the Empire, in taxing that trade, and in intervening in the markets to ensure the supply of particular commodities, especially for the city of Rome and for the army. The chapters in this volume address facets of the subject on the basis of widely different sources of evidence—historical, papyrological, and archaeological—and are grouped in three sections: institutional factors (taxation, legal structures, market regulation, financial institutions); evidence for long-distance trade within the Empire, in wood, stone, glass, and pottery; and trade beyond the frontiers, with the East (as far as China), India, Arabia, and the Red Sea, and the Sahara. Rome’s external trade with realms to the east emerges as being of particular significance to the fisc. But in the eastern part of the Empire at least, the state appears, in collaboration with the elite holders of wealth, to have adapted the mechanisms of taxation, both direct and indirect, to support its need for revenue. On the other hand, the price of that collaboration, which was in effect a fiscal partnership, in slightly different forms in East and West, in the longer term fundamentally changed the political character of the Empire.
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Massive Action Marketing: How to Grow Your MLM Business Outside Your Warm Market Study Guide. GR&DI Plublications, 1997.

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