Relevant bibliographies by topics / Over-the-counter drugs

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Over-the-counter drugs'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 April 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Over-the-counter drugs"

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Suresh, Suresh, Pratiti Pratiti, Sunita Sunita, Sona Sona, Soni Soni, Tulika Tulika, and Mahalingam Mahalingam. "Over The Counter Drugs." Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences 1, no. 4 (October 2014): 365–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/apjhs.2014.1.4.10.

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Cranz, Hubertus. "Over-the-Counter Drugs." Drug Safety 5, Supplement 1 (1990): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00002018-199000051-00019.

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Kennedy, J. G. "Over the counter drugs." BMJ 312, no. 7031 (March 9, 1996): 593–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.312.7031.593.

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Po, A. L. W., and X. Y. Su. "Over the counter drugs." BMJ 313, no. 7049 (July 13, 1996): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.313.7049.115.

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Reinke, Claudia M., J??rg Breitkreutz, and Hans Leuenberger. "Aluminium in Over-the-Counter Drugs." Drug Safety 26, no. 14 (2003): 1011–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00002018-200326140-00003.

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Goyan, Jere E. "Over and under the Counter Drugs." Clinical Research Practices and Drug Regulatory Affairs 4, no. 5 (January 1986): 381–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10601338609030999.

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Bradley, ColinP, and N. Buchanan. "Over-the-counter drugs for children." Lancet 344, no. 8924 (September 1994): 754. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(94)92243-8.

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MICHIE, C. "Over-the-counter drugs for children." Lancet 344, no. 8919 (August 1994): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(94)91435-4.

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Azhar, M. A., H. A. Ahasan, M. A. Chowdhury, and A. K. Rafiqueuddin. "Over the counter drugs in Bangladesh." BMJ 307, no. 6916 (November 27, 1993): 1422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.307.6916.1422-a.

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Peřinová, Markéta. "Over-the-counter drugs against hair loss." Dermatologie pro praxi 12, no. 1 (March 22, 2018): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.36290/der.2018.036.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Over-the-counter drugs"

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Foster, Josh. "Over-the-counter drugs and non-febrile thermoregulation : is there cause for concern?" Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/622541.

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Core temperature (Tc) regulation is fundamental to mammalian survival, since hypothermia (Tc ≤ 35°C) and hyperthermia (Tc ≥ 40°C) are major risk factors for health and wellbeing. The purpose of this thesis was to determine if acetaminophen, an analgesic and antipyretic drug, increased the onset of hypothermia or hyperthermia during passive cold and heat stress, respectively. It was later investigated if acetaminophen induced inhibition of cyclooxygenase mediated these side-effects. In Study 1a, the plasma acetaminophen response to a dose of 20 mg·kg-1 of lean body mass was determined through enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. In Study 1b, the effect of acetaminophen administration on internal temperature (rectal; Tre) during a passive 2-hour mild cold (20°C, 40% relative humidity) exposure was examined. Study 1a showed that the plasma response was homogenous between subjects, reaching peak concentrations between 80-100 minutes (14 ± 4 μg·ml-1). In Study 1b, acetaminophen reduced Tre in all participants compared with baseline, and the average peak reduction was 0.19 ± 0.09°C. In contrast, Tre remained stable when participants ingested a sugar placebo. Study 1 is the first experiment which confirms a hypothermic side-effect of acetaminophen in healthy humans. Study 2 investigated whether acetaminophen augmented the rate of Tre rise during exposure to passive dry (45°C, 30% r.h.) and humid (45°C, 70% r.h.) heat stress for 2-hours and 45-minutes, respectively. This study showed that the rate of Tre rise in the dry (0.005 vs 0.006°C∙min-1) and humid (0.023 vs 0.021 °C∙min-1) conditions were similar between the acetaminophen and placebo trials (p > 0.05). Study 2 is the first experiment which confirms acetaminophen has no meaningful effect on thermoregulation during passive dry or humid heat exposure. Study 3 determined how the hypothermic effect of acetaminophen changes during exposure to a thermoneutral (25°C, 40% r.h.) and cold (10°C, 40% r.h.) environment for 2-hours. In summary, there was no hypothermic effect of acetaminophen in a thermoneutral environment (p > 0.05), whereas Tre fell by 0.40 ± 0.15°C compared with baseline during cold stress (p < 0.05). Compared with the placebo, Tre was ~0.35°C lower at 120 minutes, but was significantly lower from 70-minutes. Study 3 confirmed that there is a relationship between the level of cold stress and magnitude of the hypothermic effect of acetaminophen. Study 4 determined whether ibuprofen (400 mg), a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, reduced Tre during 2-hour passive cold stress (10°C, 40% r.h.) to a level comparable with acetaminophen. Ibuprofen administration did not influence Tre, vastus medialis shivering, or energy expenditure compared with a placebo throughout the cold exposure (p > 0.05). Taken together, this renders it unlikely that cyclooxygenase activity is required for thermogenesis induced by skin cooling. Study 4 provides evidence that acetaminophen induced hypothermia is not exclusively mediated by cyclooxygenase inhibition. In Summary, this series of experiments has shown that acetaminophen has a hypothermic side effect in healthy humans, which is amplified during acute cold stress. Ibuprofen had no such effect on thermoregulation during cold exposure, so it is unlikely that cyclooxygenase inhibition mediates the hypothermic side-effect of acetaminophen.
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Richard, Lisette. "Understanding the use of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs in French Canadian elderly women /." Thèse, Rochester, N.Y. : University of Rochester, 1999. http://www.uqtr.ca/biblio/notice/resume/03-2193613R.html.

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Popa, Michelle. "An Examination of Awareness of Over-the-Counter Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Adverse Events." Thesis, Walden University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3629344.

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The elderly population is among the fastest growing populations in the United States. Finding and consuming medications safely and effectively are challenging endeavors for this population. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a widely consumed class of medications among the elderly population, with 70% of individuals consuming over-the-counter (OTC) NSAIDs once a week and 34% using them daily. The purpose of this quantitative study was to determine whether (a) patients are aware of the risks associated with the consumption of NSAIDs, and (b) there are differences in awareness based upon specific demographic characteristics and levels of patient-physician communication. The health belief model (HBM) was used to interpret the results. The HBM is a social cognition framework that takes into account different perceptions, namely, perceived susceptibility of acquiring a health condition, perceived severity of the condition and its consequences, perceived barriers to engaging in the recommended behavior, perceived benefits of engaging in the recommended behavior, and perceived costs of engaging in the recommended behavior. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the data. The results, which were based upon a cross-sectional survey of 124 participants, showed that the participants' awareness of adverse events associated with NSAIDs use was not associated with sociodemographic variables, rates of consumption, or patient-physician communication. The findings will give the key stakeholders more insight into the issue of preventable adverse events that might lead to the establishment of more safety programs and informatics structural systems to monitor the consumption of OTC NSAIDs and improve lines of communication to protect the elderly population.

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Popa, Michelle. "An Examination of Awareness of Over-the-Counter Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Adverse Events." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1143.

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The elderly population is among the fastest growing populations in the United States. Finding and consuming medications safely and effectively are challenging endeavors for this population. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a widely consumed class of medications among the elderly population, with 70% of individuals consuming over-the-counter (OTC) NSAIDs once a week and 34% using them daily. The purpose of this quantitative study was to determine whether (a) patients are aware of the risks associated with the consumption of NSAIDs, and (b) there are differences in awareness based upon specific demographic characteristics and levels of patient-physician communication. The health belief model (HBM) was used to interpret the results. The HBM is a social cognition framework that takes into account different perceptions, namely, perceived susceptibility of acquiring a health condition, perceived severity of the condition and its consequences, perceived barriers to engaging in the recommended behavior, perceived benefits of engaging in the recommended behavior, and perceived costs of engaging in the recommended behavior. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the data. The results, which were based upon a cross-sectional survey of 124 participants, showed that the participants' awareness of adverse events associated with NSAIDs use was not associated with sociodemographic variables, rates of consumption, or patient-physician communication. The findings will give the key stakeholders more insight into the issue of preventable adverse events that might lead to the establishment of more safety programs and informatics structural systems to monitor the consumption of OTC NSAIDs and improve lines of communication to protect the elderly population.
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Abuya, Timothy Osebe. "A comparative analysis of malaria control programmes targeting delivery of over-the-counter anti-malarial drugs in Kenya." Thesis, Open University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.499448.

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Background: The retail sector is an important channel for increasing access to adequate treatment of fevers in Africa. The objectives of the thesis were to assess the performance of three malaria control programmes targeting private medicine retailers (PMRs) by addressing coverage, utilisation, impact on PMRs' knowledge, practices and implementation processes in Kisii central, Kwale and Bungoma districts of Kenya. Methods: The thesis used mixed methods including retail audits, surrogate client surveys based on post intervention cross sectional surveys in intervention and controls and mapping of outlets in intervention areas. Qualitative methods including record reviews, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with programme stakeholders were analysed using thematic framework and policy analysis. Results: There was a significant impact on PMR knowledge and practice of an NGO-led participatory training programme in Kisii-central district with 60.5% of trained PMRs selling AQ medicines adequately compared to 2.8% in the untrained ones (OR; 53.5: 95% CI 6.7, 428.3). There was some evidence of a limited impact for the MoH-led participatory training programme in the Kwale district, where 18.8% of trained PMRs sold AQ medicines adequately compared to 2.3% of control PMRs (OR; 9.4: 95% CI 1.1, 83.7). This study was unable to show evidence of impact in the social marketing programme in Bungoma district.
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Těšínská, Edita. "Vliv marketingové komunikace ve farmaceutickém průmyslu na rozhodování spotřebitele." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-205199.

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This master thesis introduces the pharmaceutical industrys marketing communication from the consumers point of view. It is aimed at consumers perception of the marketing communication in this area and at the way it influences their choice in purchases of over-the-counter drugs. Its goal is to find out which source of information leading to the final decision over the purchase of an over-the-counter drug the consumer considers to be the most reliable one, what role the marketing communication plays in the process and what other factors effect consumers while they are choosing and purchasing an over-the-counter drug. The thesis consists of a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part introduces the pharmaceutical industry, the marketing mix and consumer behaviour. The practical part is based on a questionnaire survey through which the main goal of the thesis is to be reached.
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Momodu, Rametu Omamegbe. "Knowledge and practices of patent medicine vendors in the use of artemisinin based combination therapy in the treatment of malaria in an urban community in Lagos." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_2704_1271017667.

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Malaria is a health, social and economic burden in Nigeria and consistently ranks amongst the four most common causes of childhood deaths. Treatment of malaria is usually started at home
care is only sought from the health facility when the treatment is ineffective (McCombie, 1996). Patent medicine vendors (PMVs) have been identified as a widely patronized source for drugs used in the home treatment of malaria (Breiger et al, 2001
Goodman, et al, 2007
Salako et al, 2001). Inadequate or poor knowledge and practices in the use of anti-malaria drugs (AMDs) increases morbidity and mortality, undermines therapeutic efficacy, and promotes the emergence and spread of drugresistant malaria. Aim: The aim of the study was to describe and quantify the knowledge and self-reported practices of PMVs in the use of antimalarials, particularly artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs), in a poor urban community in Lagos state, Nigeria.

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Hughes, Glenda F. "Drug abuse and misuse : a community pharmacy perspective." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326347.

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Potnis, Priyanka Shirish. "Ohio Pharmacists’ Perceptions of Over-the-Counter Drug Advertising." University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco1353036130.

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Barrenberg, Eva [Verfasser], Edeltraut [Akademischer Betreuer] Garbe, Hajo [Gutachter] Zeeb, and Falk [Gutachter] Hoffmann. "Over-the-counter (OTC) drug regulation and the epidemiology of OTC drug use in Germany / Eva Barrenberg ; Gutachter: Hajo Zeeb, Falk Hoffmann ; Betreuer: Edeltraut Garbe." Bremen : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen, 2019. http://d-nb.info/118624853X/34.

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Books on the topic "Over-the-counter drugs"

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Knowles, Johanna. Over-the-counter drugs. New York: Chelsea House, 2008.

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Association, Reader's Digest, and Reader's Digest Association. Over-the-counter-drugs. Pleasantville, N.Y: Reader's Digest, 2002.

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Delvin, David. Over-the-counter drugs. London: Sunburst Books, 1995.

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Delvin, David. Over-the-counter drugs. London: Promotional Reprint Company, 1995.

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Reader's Digest Association. Prescription & over-the-counter drugs. Pleasantville, N.Y: Reader's Digest Association, 1998.

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Over-the-counter pharmaceutical formulations. Park Ridge, N.J., U.S.A: Noyes Publications, 1994.

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Waters, Rosa. Over-the-Counter Medications. Broomall, PA: Mason Crest, 2015.

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Kittredge, Mary. Prescription and over the counter drugs. New York: Chelsea House, 1989.

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The facts about over-the-counter drugs. New York: Marshall Cavendish Benchmark, 2006.

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Willis, Judith. Using over-the-counter medications wisely. [Rockville, MD: Dept. of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Over-the-counter drugs"

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Schuckit, Marc A. "Over-the-Counter (OTC) Drugs and Some Prescription Drugs." In Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 226–50. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2407-3_11.

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Schuckit, Marc A. "Over-the-Counter (OTC) Drugs and Some Prescription Drugs." In Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 231–53. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3232-0_11.

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Schuckit, Marc A. "Over-the-Counter (OTC) Drugs and Some Prescription Drugs." In Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 193–207. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0767-0_11.

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Perry, S., P. Streete, and G. N. Volans. "Ibuprofen overdose — the first year following over-the-counter release." In Side-Effects of Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, 173–75. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9772-7_13.

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Mojica, Elmer-Rico E., Jahaira Zapata, Jayson Vedad, Ruel Z. B. Desamero, and Zhaohua Dai. "Analysis of Over-the-Counter Drugs Using Raman Spectroscopy." In Raman Spectroscopy in the Undergraduate Curriculum, 69–91. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2018-1305.ch005.

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Bird, H. A. "Impact of over the Counter Availability of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs." In Non-steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Basis for Variability in Response, 55–58. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7720-6_6.

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Nielsen, Suzanne, and Marie Claire Van Hout. "Over-the-Counter Codeine—from Therapeutic Use to Dependence, and the Grey Areas in Between." In Non-medical and illicit use of psychoactive drugs, 59–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/7854_2015_422.

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Rassool, G. Hussein. "Anabolic steroids, amyl and butyl nitrite, hypno-sedatives, volatile substances, over-the-counter drugs, smart and eco drugs." In Alcohol and Drug Misuse, 154–64. Second edition. | Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315395500-12.

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Snyder, Ronald D. "Voluntary Exposures: Pharmaceutical Chemicals in Prescription and Over-the-Counter Drugs - Passing the Testing Gauntlet." In Translational Toxicology and Therapeutics: Windows of Developmental Susceptibility in Reproduction and Cancer, 213–58. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119023647.ch7.

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Prescott, L. F. "Current Status of Issues Concerning the Safety of Over-the-Counter Analgesics and Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs." In Safety and Efficacy of Non-Prescription (OTC) Analgesics and NSAIDs, 1–9. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4878-8_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Over-the-counter drugs"

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Choi, Jiho, Jae Wook Kim, and Donghyun Lee. "DETERMINANTS FOR PURCHASING THE OTC(OVER THE COUNTER) DRUGS: DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THERAPY AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE." In Bridging Asia and the World: Globalization of Marketing & Management Theory and Practice. Global Alliance of Marketing & Management Associations, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.15444/gmc2014.04.01.01.

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Uddin, Sardar M. Zia, and Yi-Xian Qin. "Anabolic Effects of Ultrasound as Countermeasures of Simulated Microgravity in In-Vitro and In-Vivo Functional Disuse Models." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53796.

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Microgravity (MG) during space flight has been known to cause adverse effect on bone quality. Data collected from studies done on spaceflights show loss of 1–1.6% bone mineral density (BMD) per space-flight-month[1]. Most BMD has been recorded in load-bearing bones [2]. Some studies has considered using drugs and different growth factors to maintain bone mass in microgravity conditions but it can be too expensive to maintain over longer periods of time besides the systematic effects of such treatments [3]. Considering the effects of microgravity are partially attributed to lack of mechanical force on bone tissue, which alters gene expression, reduction in transcription factors and growth factors. Furthermore, lack of gravity effects cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, cytoskeleton polymerization and cellular morphology [4, 5]. Thus to reverse these adverse effects on bone physiology, it is important to provide cells with mechanical stimulus which can provide essential mechanical signal for cells to counter the effects of microgravity. Ultrasound acoustic vibrations can be readily applied in, in vivo and human studies and has shown anabolic effects on osteopenic bone tissue [6]. Furthermore, ultrasound is a non-invasive and more target specific treatment relative to cyclic strain and vibration. The objective of this study is to see effects of low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on disused bone model and osteogenic activity of osteoblast cells cultures in simulated microgravity. This will help us understand that effects of ultrasound on microgravity and mechanotransduction pathway responsible for anabolic effect on bone cells.
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Cho, Jay, Scarlett R. Miller, Timothy W. Simpson, and Steven B. Shooter. "Effects of Over-the-Counter Medication Product Family Packaging Design on Knowledge Acquisition and Consumer Preferences." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-35328.

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Adverse drug events result in hospitalization of more than 1.5 million Americans each year leading to large increases in health care costs. Although researchers have shown that a large portion of these adverse drug events are preventable, most Americans admit to only reading portions of over-the-counter (OTC) labeling, and only half say they seek out information on the label for usage information when they take an OTC medication for the first time. It is important then that we carefully consider what packaging features can motivate consumers to more thoughtfully consider the use of the OTC medicine and how packaging commonality within a product family influences the correct selection of these medications. In order to understand these questions, a controlled study was conducted with sixty-four participants who were asked to complete a Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (s-TOFHLA), a medication selection questionnaire that required participants to select the appropriate medication based on a given set of symptoms, and a packaging label ratings questionnaire. Two medication brands with five different types of package designs were studied. Product family commonality metrics were used to analyze the similarity among these simulated products, and statistical analyses were performed on the selection time and accuracy data obtained. The results illustrated that variations in labeling and product family packaging design significantly impact the accuracy and efficiency of medication decision-making and thus has the potential to reduce adverse drug events made during the OTC medication selection process.
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Forster, Gary A. "Dealing With Residual Wastes at the Lancaster County Resource Recovery Facility." In 10th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec10-1019.

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The Lancaster County Resource Recovery Facility (RRF) is a 1,200 ton per day mass burn waste-to-energy plant that has been in operation since 1991. The plant is owned by the Lancaster County Solid Waste Management Authority (LCSWMA), but is operated for the Authority by Covanta Lancaster. During the initial years of operation, only municipal solid wastes (MSW) were combusted. The picture has changed dramatically, however, since those early days. The RRF has successfully processed hundreds of different residual waste streams since 1994. The list of residuals processed at the RRF is impressive: over-the-counter and bulk pharmaceuticals; off-spec toothpaste in cubic-yard totes; virgin oily debris; ink waste in fiber and steel drums; industrial waste waters; and confidential documents and controlled substances from local law enforcement agencies, pharmaceutical manufacturers, and the Drug Enforcement Administration. This paper describes how residual wastes are managed at the facility, including a discussion of waste inspection activities on the tipping floor, and a description of the various methods by which these materials are fed to the boilers.
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Libens, A., M. Vandorpe, and J. M. Cuchet. "WDC: Advanced System for Characterization of Alpha-Bearing Waste Contained in 200L and 400L Drums: Performances and Lessons Learned From the First Industrial Measurement Campaigns." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7022.

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The Waste Drum Characterization installation was originally developed for the assay of alpha-bearing waste in standard 200 l (55 gallons) drums during the dismantling operations of the Siemens mixed-oxide (MOX) facility in Hanau (Germany). That installation was validated and qualified by the German authorities, its main performances being: - Counting efficiency for coincident neutrons: app. 1%; - Lowest Limit of Detection (LLD): 75 mg 240Pueq; - Pu content per drum: up to 100 g tot. (35 g 240Pueq); - Measurement duration: app. 20 minutes. The success of this system, a passive neutron coincidence counter combined with a high resolution gamma spectrometer, led to the radiological characterization and qualification of about 1,700 drums during the period 2001 – 2004. In 2005, after completion of the dismantling operations of the Siemens MOX facility, Tecnubel took over the WDC installation which could be used in the frame of the future dismantling of the Belgonucleaire’s MOX plant in Dessel (Belgium), which can be comparable to the Siemen’s one. This second (and new) life for the WDC means that it must be rigorously retested and validated against the Belgian authorities requirements. Furthermore, and additionally to the future use in the Belgonucleaire’s facility, Tecnubel was faced with new challenges, namely: - Assay of 400 l drums together with the 200 l packages; - Determination of the real LLD taking into account the background in different Belgian nuclear facilities, the determination of a value of ∼5 mg 240Pueq being an objective; - Assay of mixed alpha/beta-gamma wastes; - Transportability of the WDC from one plant to another; - Assistance to different nuclear operators for the licensing of the WDC for their own waste types. This paper describes the installation itself and its performances, presents the difficulties encountered during the new challenge and the results of the performed revalidation tests; it gives the perspectives and objectives on short time as well.
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Calixto, Nicole Melo, Juliana Ferreira Leal, Julyanna Lucas Nascimento, and Jean Colacite. "Prevalence of methylphenidate use without medical prescription among university students: a review of the current reality." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.565.

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Introduction: Methylphenidate is a neuropsychotropic agent, indicated for the treatment of Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy, and is commonly prescribed for school and university age patients. The growing prescription of the drug and the misuse of methylphenidate by academics without a diagnosis of ADHD and / or narcolepsy have raised concerns on the part of medical societies of psychiatry. The over-the-counter use of this substance causes potential dependence and adverse effects such as hallucinations, anxiety, dry mouth and visual disturbances. Unfortunately, there is a precarious amount of epidemiological data on the use of methylphenidate without prescription by university students. In view of this reality. Objectives: The present study proposed to review the assessment of the prevalence of methylphenidate consumption without medical prescription in university environments worldwide, with sources published between 2016-2021. Methods: To perform this research, the PubMed (https://pubmed.ncbi. nlm.nih.gov/) and Scielo (https://www.scielo.org/) databases were used as a search tool, using the Key words “non-medical”, “methylphenidate” and “university students”. Results: So far, 10 articles related to the study (carried out in China, Australia, Brazil, South Africa, Iran, Israel, Pakistan and the United States) have been identified, with 8 articles obtained from PubMed and 2 articles acquired from Scielo. The selected articles show that in 6 of these articles the groups of academics studied were undergraduate and graduate students in general areas, and 4 articles in medical students. The studies present cases of students who confirmed the use of methylphenidate without a prescription, with the justification that it improves academic performance even in healthy students. Conclusion: Therefore, further studies on epidemiology and effects on academic performance with the improper consumption of this drug are recommended.
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7

"PHARMING EN ADOLESCENTES. CASO CLÍNICO." In 23° Congreso de la Sociedad Española de Patología Dual (SEPD) 2021. SEPD, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17579/sepd2021p128s.

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Objetivos. Presentación del concepto de pharming. Revisión de la bibliografía actual, epidemiología e implicaciones en el tratamiento. Discusión sobre el impacto en nuestra población de referencia y las posibles implicaciones en el diagnóstico y tratamiento. Material y métodos. Exposición de un caso de Pharming en adolescente. Revisión bibliográfica mediante búsqueda en PUBMED y EMBASE con las palabras clave: adolescents, drug abuse, over-the-counter medicines, prescription medication. Búsqueda en bases de datos epidemiológicas de nuestra región y de nuestro país. Resultados y conclusiones. El concepto de Pharming se refiere al uso de medicación con o sin receta, con una posología diferente a la recomendada y con un objetivo distinto al terapéutico, generalmente recreativo. El consumo suele realizarse acompañando a otros tóxicos. Se presenta el caso de un adolescente de 17 años con uso de levomepromazina y alcohol en contexto recreativo. Fue atendido en Urgencias hospitalarias en dos ocasiones por este motivo. Las primeras descripciones hablan del uso de fármacos sin receta, antitusígenos generalmente, pero en los últimos años se ha registrado el abuso de casi cualquier tipo de medicación, desde benzodiacepinas a estimulantes y medicación para el trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad. Este efecto parece estar relacionado con un aumento de este tipo de prescripciones en la población y una mayor facilidad para el acceso a esta medicación. La importancia de este fenómeno radica en que puede suponer la puerta de entrada a otro tipo de consumos y también en la dificultad para su detección y tratamiento, por la facilidad de acceso a la sustancia. El conocimiento de este fenómeno por parte de los médicos que tratan a adolescentes, tanto en consultas como en Urgencias, y de los padres es necesario para prevenir la morbilidad y mortalidad asociadas al consumo de sustancias.
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8

Khangura, Jasan, Melanie Flores, and Jane Ishmael. "Product text labels indicate the presence of other pharmacologically active ingredients in many OTC hemp- and CBD-containing preparations." In 2021 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.32.

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Introduction: The 2018 Farm Bill changed the legal status of cannabis plants that meet the definition of industrial hemp and allowed for the rapid expansion of hemp-based products into commercial spaces. With an emphasis on industrial hemp as the source of naturally-occurring cannabinoid compounds, a niche market for cannabidiol (CBD)-containing products was quickly established in pharmacies and grocery stores. Although the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has retained oversight of all cannabis-based products, labelling of hemp-derived products for retail markets remains largely unregulated. Under federal law, CBD cannot be added to foods, beverages, sold as a dietary supplement or marketed for a therapeutic benefit, however the perceived health benefits of CBD as an acceptable and safe ingredient contribute to the growing market for these health products. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the range of over-the-counter (OTC) hemp- and CBD-based products available to consumers and determine the prevalence of other pharmacologically active agents identified as ingredients in these products. Labels were scored for the presence of: active and inactive ingredients, percent CBD, full-spectrum hemp, full-spectrum CBD or CBD isolate. Methods: Two large pharmacy chains and one medium-sized grocery store located in the Pacific Northwest were surveyed between May 2020 and February 2021 and OTC hemp-derived products on display were recorded. Identification of pharmacologically active ingredients on the product label was validated using the National Medicines Comprehensive Database. Products that were noted to have CBD or hemp ingredients were included in the study, while any products that did not accurately report the amount of CBD in the product were excluded. Products that did not list the total weight of the product were excluded from the analysis. Results: Thirty-three unique products were recorded from 19 different manufacturers. 39% of product labels indicated the presence of Full-Spectrum Hemp as part of the base product, while 66% of products listed Hemp Extract as the base product. Text labels on CBD-containing products, on average, indicated more than 3 additional pharmacologically active ingredients were contained in each product. Topical CBD products were more likely to have other ingredients such as arnica montana, menthol and camphor, whereas products for oral ingestion were more likely to have only CBD as the primary active ingredient. Text labels on 52% of topical CBD products listed the presence of 10% menthol. Average concentrations of CBD in OTC products was found to be 1.12% ± 1.48 %, based on dry weight. Conclusion: Product text labels on OTC hemp-and CBD-containing preparations is varied and presented in a non-standardized format. Topical CBD products were more likely to contain other pharmacologically active natural products that can be used for the treatment of pain symptoms. Concentrations of arnica montana, menthol and camphor were as much as 10-fold higher than the proportion of CBD contained in these products. The absence of a standard format for labelling of OTC hemp- and CBD-derived products and the frequent presence of other active ingredients has the potential to create confusion and risk for the consumer.
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Reports on the topic "Over-the-counter drugs"

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Reporting Prescription Drugs, Over-the-Counter Medications, and Dietary Supplements. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/924809.

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