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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Over the counter Medicines

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Academic literature on the topic 'Over the counter Medicines'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 April 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Over the counter Medicines"

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Albrecht, Helmut H. "Over-the-counter medicines." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Medicine 16, no. 1 (2002): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00124363-200202000-00033.

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Aronson, J. K. "Over-the-counter medicines." British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 58, no. 3 (September 2004): 231–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j..2004.02191.x.

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Eccles, Ronald. "What is the Role of Over 100 Excipients in Over the Counter (OTC) Cough Medicines?" Lung 198, no. 5 (September 5, 2020): 727–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00408-020-00390-x.

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Abstract Most medicines are white bitter powders that are formulated as tablets and capsules but cough medicines are an exception where the taste and appearance of the medicine are more important to the patient than the pharmacology of the active ingredient. Excipients are generally defined as any ingredient in a medicine other than the active ingredient. In most medicines excipients play a supportive role in delivering the medicine, but in the case of cough medicines, excipients have more important and complex roles and they can also be the main active ingredient of the cough medicine as menthol, glycerol, and sugars, which are declared as active ingredients. This review searched the United Kingdom electronic medicines compendium (emc) and found over 100 excipients in 60 different liquid formulations of over the counter cough medicines. The excipients were divided into functional groups: sweeteners, thickeners, flavors, colors, antimicrobials, and buffers, and the incidence and function of the different excipients is discussed. When considering the efficacy of a cough medicine, clinicians and pharmacists tend to think of the pharmacology of antitussives such as dextromethorphan or expectorants such as guaifenesin, and they rarely consider the role of excipients in the efficacy of the medicine. This review discusses the functions and importance of excipients in cough medicines and provides some new information for clinicians, pharmacists, and all interested in the treatment of cough when considering the composition and efficacy of a cough medicine.

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Grubb, Derek. "Promotion of over-the-counter medicines." Australian Prescriber 27, no. 2 (April 1, 2004): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18773/austprescr.2004.031.

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Sunderland, V. Bruce. "Over-the-Counter Status of Medicines." Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research 39, no. 2 (June 2009): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2055-2335.2009.tb00426.x.

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Birchley, Nicola, and Sharon Conroy. "Parental management of over-the-counter medicines." Paediatric Nursing 14, no. 9 (November 2002): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/paed.14.9.24.s21.

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Ferner, Robin E., and Keith Beard. "Over the counter medicines: proceed with caution." BMJ 336, no. 7646 (March 27, 2008): 694–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39504.389676.ad.

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Morice, Alyn H. "Over-the-counter cough medicines: New approaches." Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 35 (December 2015): 149–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pupt.2015.07.006.

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Rutter, Paul M. "Over-the-counter medicines: perils and pitfalls." Nurse Prescribing 9, no. 12 (December 2011): 609–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/npre.2011.9.12.609.

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Taylor, Jeff. "Over-the-Counter Medicines and Diabetes Care." Canadian Journal of Diabetes 41, no. 6 (December 2017): 551–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjd.2017.06.015.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Over the counter Medicines"

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Woodruffe-Peacock, Charlotte Anne. "Clinical trials on over-the-counter medicines in community pharmacies." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299861.

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Catterson, Sandra Lynne. "Complementary and alternate medicines: a forensic analysis of the potential adulteration of over-the-counter anorectics and "lifestyle" medicines in South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27059.

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Background: Complementary and Alternate Medicines (CAMs) in South Africa are not yet subjected to the same rigorous testing required for allopathic (prescription) medication, yet they are freely available as over-the-counter medicines. Past research has shown the presence of a banned drug, sibutramine in natural anorectics and a schedule 6 prescription drug, sildenafil, found in natural erectile dysfunction preparations. Methods: Initially, 26 exhibits (18 erectile dysfunction medicines and 8 anorectics) were screened for active pharmaceutical ingredients using high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. An AB SCIEX 3200 TRAP® linear ion-trap quadrupole mass spectrometer was used to detect and subsequently quantitate these active pharmaceutical ingredients using a targeted multiple reaction monitoring mode. Samples were extracted with 50% v/v methanol in water. A method for the quantitation of sildenafil was subsequently partially validated. The intra- and inter-assay precisions were evaluated and the linearity of the method was investigated in the range of 20 ng/mL to 2000 ng/mL. The method was then successfully applied to a random selection of CAMs. A random sample (n=61) of erectile dysfunction CAMs were selected for quantitation from two different clusters. Cluster 1 comprised of supermarkets and cluster 2 of pharmacies. Results: The validation method for sildenafil showed that the limit of detection was 1.09 ng/mL and the limit of quantitation was 20 ng/mL. The correlation co-efficient and bias were less than 20%. Initial screening of the 26 exhibits indicated that sildenafil was present in 12 of the 18 samples tested and sibutramine in 6 of the 8 anorectics. Of the later 61 exhibits tested, 43 tested positive for sildenafil. The mass of sildenafil per sample ranged from 1.09 ng/mL to 123.7 mg/sample. Conclusion: The lack of label content, regulation and legislation exposes the consumer to the risk of consuming an active pharmaceutical ingredient which may very likely have an adverse effect on their health. There is a need to raise public awareness to the potential dangers of unregulated CAMs, encourage doctors to become more aware of their patients' consumption of CAMs and to motivate the Medicines Control Council to follow through with their deadlines for the regulation of CAMs.

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Prinsloo, Erica. "The use of over-the-counter medicine and health information seeking behaviour in England." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2017. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/25032.

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Background. In England and the UK there has been a move to provide the consumer with more choice in over the counter medicine. In recognition of the number of drugs now available without prescription, new models and frameworks are being utilised with the aim to educate the public about self-treatment. How health information is sought has also undergone transformation with the advent of the internet, the adoption and utilisation of this resource has had a significant impact on how the healthcare consumer seeks information. Aims and Methods. The aim of this study was to investigate the provision of and access to consumer health information in England, specifically with reference to over the counter medicines to promote understanding of the consumers attitudes and opinions to this type of medicine and their health information seeking behaviours. The findings of the study were used to provide recommendations to the stakeholders involved; healthcare organisations, healthcare professionals and the healthcare consumer. The research consisted of a survey (n=324) and was analysed using quantitative and qualitative methods. Results. The majority of respondents utilised over the counter medicine responsibly and with few adverse events. The General Practitioner is the main source of information and online sources the next most utilised resource. Effectiveness and following advice/recommendations were amongst the themes identified that made a treatment episode with over the counter medicines successful. Unsuccessful treatment episodes included those with escalation of symptoms. Factors governing successful health information seeking were problem solving through self diagnosis and expanding knowledge on an existing health issue. Conclusions. Over the counter medicines are a widely used commodity but respondents continue to have a heavy reliance on the general practitioner for prescription medicines, especially for minor ailments. Evidence exists that individuals utilise information seeking behaviour for self treatment and the use of over the counter medicines. However, adoption of self care models need to be increased through educating health care consumers to maximise the potential benefits of these frameworks for the stakeholders.

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Ascensio, Zona Josephine. "Pharmacy-Based Barriers to Adolescent Access to Over-the-Counter Emergency Contraception in Kentucky." TopSCHOLAR®, 2017. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1939.

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Since June of 2013, Plan B and its generics have been available over-the-counter without age restriction nationwide. Even so, pharmacy-based economic, physical, and staff-associated barriers still exist, potentially leading adolescent customers to fail to obtain emergency contraception (EC) in a sufficiently timely manner to prevent pregnancy. This study explores these pharmacy-based barriers to EC in the state of Kentucky focusing on comparisons of urban and non-urban pharmacies and chain and private pharmacies. Using a secret-shopper survey technique, the researcher called 220 Kentucky pharmacies acting as a 15-year-old girl seeking information about EC. Among other findings, a logistic regression analysis revealed that private pharmacies were 97% less likely to carry EC compared to chain pharmacies (OR= .027; p

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Popa, Michelle. "An Examination of Awareness of Over-the-Counter Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Adverse Events." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1143.

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The elderly population is among the fastest growing populations in the United States. Finding and consuming medications safely and effectively are challenging endeavors for this population. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a widely consumed class of medications among the elderly population, with 70% of individuals consuming over-the-counter (OTC) NSAIDs once a week and 34% using them daily. The purpose of this quantitative study was to determine whether (a) patients are aware of the risks associated with the consumption of NSAIDs, and (b) there are differences in awareness based upon specific demographic characteristics and levels of patient-physician communication. The health belief model (HBM) was used to interpret the results. The HBM is a social cognition framework that takes into account different perceptions, namely, perceived susceptibility of acquiring a health condition, perceived severity of the condition and its consequences, perceived barriers to engaging in the recommended behavior, perceived benefits of engaging in the recommended behavior, and perceived costs of engaging in the recommended behavior. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the data. The results, which were based upon a cross-sectional survey of 124 participants, showed that the participants' awareness of adverse events associated with NSAIDs use was not associated with sociodemographic variables, rates of consumption, or patient-physician communication. The findings will give the key stakeholders more insight into the issue of preventable adverse events that might lead to the establishment of more safety programs and informatics structural systems to monitor the consumption of OTC NSAIDs and improve lines of communication to protect the elderly population.

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Popa, Michelle. "An Examination of Awareness of Over-the-Counter Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Adverse Events." Thesis, Walden University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3629344.

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The elderly population is among the fastest growing populations in the United States. Finding and consuming medications safely and effectively are challenging endeavors for this population. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a widely consumed class of medications among the elderly population, with 70% of individuals consuming over-the-counter (OTC) NSAIDs once a week and 34% using them daily. The purpose of this quantitative study was to determine whether (a) patients are aware of the risks associated with the consumption of NSAIDs, and (b) there are differences in awareness based upon specific demographic characteristics and levels of patient-physician communication. The health belief model (HBM) was used to interpret the results. The HBM is a social cognition framework that takes into account different perceptions, namely, perceived susceptibility of acquiring a health condition, perceived severity of the condition and its consequences, perceived barriers to engaging in the recommended behavior, perceived benefits of engaging in the recommended behavior, and perceived costs of engaging in the recommended behavior. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the data. The results, which were based upon a cross-sectional survey of 124 participants, showed that the participants' awareness of adverse events associated with NSAIDs use was not associated with sociodemographic variables, rates of consumption, or patient-physician communication. The findings will give the key stakeholders more insight into the issue of preventable adverse events that might lead to the establishment of more safety programs and informatics structural systems to monitor the consumption of OTC NSAIDs and improve lines of communication to protect the elderly population.

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Du, Plooy Hilde. "Measuring brand loyalty in the pharmaceutical industry of South Africa / Hilde du Plooy." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8685.

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Brands are recognised as one of the most valuable assets that a company can possess and therefore brands are key role-players in the business strategies of organisations. The rivalry amongst competitors in the pharmaceutical industry is fierce and companies should design their strategies in such a way in order to achieve competitive advantage. Brand loyalty is regarded as a powerful tool in the development of pharmaceutical brands. The main aim of this study was to measure brand loyalty in the pharmaceutical industry of South Africa and to establish whether patients are brand loyal to original pharmaceutical brands and the influence of generics on pharmaceutical brand loyalty. The measurement of brand loyalty in the pharmaceutical industry is based on Moolla’s brand loyalty framework for the FMCG (fast moving consumer goods) industry. This study also aimed to determine whether Moolla’s FMCG brand loyalty framework is applicable to the pharmaceutical industry. The twelve brand loyalty influences identified by Moolla are: Customer satisfaction; Switching costs; Brand trust; Repeat purchase; Involvement; Perceived value; Commitment; Relationship proneness; Brand affect; Brand relevance; Brand performance and Culture. The empirical study was conducted among 250 over-the-counter medicine consumers with different demographic profiles. The methodology included the sampling procedure, data collection, questionnaire development and statistical techniques used. Results were analysed with regards to Factor analysis; the Kaiser- Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy; Cronbach Alpha coefficients; Bartlett’s test of sphericity, mean values and effect sizes. The Empirical results through quantitative analysis included the validity of the research instruments, the calculation of the reliability coefficients which reported on the significance of the research variables. The results were presented in a conceptual framework to measure pharmaceutical brand loyalty. The results of this study concluded that the brand loyalty influences as identified by Moolla are important for measuring pharmaceutical brand loyalty. The results of this study also concluded that patients are indeed brand loyal and do prefer branded pharmaceuticals to generic pharmaceuticals in the over-the-counter medicine industry of South Africa. The importance of this study is the contribution of a brand loyalty framework to measure pharmaceutical brand loyalty which will aid pharmaceutical companies in the strategic management thereof.
Thesis (MBA)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013

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Charme, Carolina Amélia de Andrade Pereira. "A influência dos fatores que determinam o comportamento do consumidor de medicamentos de marca vs medicamentos genéricos." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6581.

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Mestrado em Gestão e Estratégia Industrial
Este estudo analisa o comportamento de compra do consumidor de medicamentos não sujeitos a receita médica no mercado português. O principal objectivo deste trabalho consiste na explicação da influência dos factores do Modelo “Estímulo-Resposta” desenvolvido por Kotler, no comportamento do consumidor de medicamentos genéricos e no comportamento do consumidor de medicamentos de marca. Na literatura, este tema já foi explorado sob diferentes perspectivas, utilizando os factores referidos na influência dos medicamentos não sujeitos a receita médica. Contudo, este estudo confronta a influência de cada um dos factores nos dois tipos de consumidores (marca e genéricos). O comportamento de compra do consumidor foi estudado quantitativamente através da construção de um inquérito como forma de recolha de dados e caracterização do perfil sócio-demográfico dos diferentes tipos de consumidor. A afectação de cada factor nos dois tipos de consumidor foi avaliada através da elaboração de testes estatísticos. Os resultados indicaram que o factor produto e o factor psicológico influenciam mais o consumidor de medicamentos de marca do que o consumidor de medicamentos genéricos. Com um resultado inverso, o factor preço influencia mais o consumidor de medicamentos genéricos. Desta forma, este estudo traz importantes conclusões para as empresas da indústria farmacêutica, nomeadamente ao nível do comportamento de compra dos consumidores e das características diferenciadas nas suas preferências, contribuindo assim para uma definição mais eficaz dos seus planos de marketing.
This study analyses the consumer buying behaviour of over-the-counter medicines in Portugal. The aim of this paper is to explain the influence of each factor of the Stimulus-Response Model developed by Kotler in the consumer buying behaviour of the consumers of branded medicines and generics medicines. This subject has already been analysed in literature from different perspectives. However this study confronts the influence of each factor in the both types of consumers (branded and generics). The consumer buying behaviour was studied quantitatively by constructing a survey as a way of collecting data and demographic breakdown of the over-the-counter consumers. The allocation of each factor in both types of consumers was evaluated by several statistical testes. The results showed that the product and physichological factor influence more the consumers of branded medicines rather than the consumers of generic medicines. The opposite result is showed when we analyse the price factor which we conclude that influences more the consumers of generics. Therefore, this study brings relevant inputs for pharmaceutical companies, helping them to understand their consumer’s buying behaviour and some particular characteristics in their preferences, contributing to the development of more effective marketing plans.

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Momodu, Rametu Omamegbe. "Knowledge and practices of patent medicine vendors in the use of artemisinin based combination therapy in the treatment of malaria in an urban community in Lagos." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_2704_1271017667.

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Malaria is a health, social and economic burden in Nigeria and consistently ranks amongst the four most common causes of childhood deaths. Treatment of malaria is usually started at home
care is only sought from the health facility when the treatment is ineffective (McCombie, 1996). Patent medicine vendors (PMVs) have been identified as a widely patronized source for drugs used in the home treatment of malaria (Breiger et al, 2001
Goodman, et al, 2007
Salako et al, 2001). Inadequate or poor knowledge and practices in the use of anti-malaria drugs (AMDs) increases morbidity and mortality, undermines therapeutic efficacy, and promotes the emergence and spread of drugresistant malaria. Aim: The aim of the study was to describe and quantify the knowledge and self-reported practices of PMVs in the use of antimalarials, particularly artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs), in a poor urban community in Lagos state, Nigeria.

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Kang, Li. "Marketing strategy of establishing a brand of cold & flu medicine in China OTC market." Thesis, University of Macau, 2001. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1636651.

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Books on the topic "Over the counter Medicines"

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Mosby's over-the-counter medicine cabinet medicines. St. Louis: Mosby - Year Book, 1997.

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Cooper, Barrington. A consumer's guide to over the counter medicines. London: BCA, 1992.

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Maynard, Alan. Over-the-counter medicines: Do they enhance efficiency or cost control? London: Social Market Foundation, 1996.

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Ody, Penelope. Handbook of over-the-counter herbal medicines: Including licensed remedies, simples and supplements. London: Kyle Cathie, 1996.

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White, Linda B. The herbal drugstore: The best natural alternatives to over-the-counter and prescription medicines! [U.S.]: Rodale, 2003.

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1957-, Foster Steven, ed. The herbal drugstore: The best natural alternatives to over-the-counter and prescription medicines! [U.S.]: Signet, 2003.

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Winter, Ruth. A consumer's dictionary of medicines: Prescription, over-the-counter, and herbal : plus medical definitions. New York: Crown Trade Paperback, 1993.

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1957-, Foster Steven, ed. The herbal drugstore: The best natural alternatives to over-the-counter and prescription medicines! [U.S.]: Rodale, 2003.

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1957-, Foster Steven, ed. The herbal drugstore: The best natural alternatives to over-the-counter and prescription medicines! [U.S.]: Rodale Inc., 2000.

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Winter, Ruth. A consumer's dictionary of medicines: Prescription, over-the-counter, homeopathic, and herbal, plus medical definitions. New York: Crown Trade Paperbacks, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Over the counter Medicines"

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Eccles, Ronald. "Over the counter medicines for colds." In Commond Cold, 249–73. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7643-9912-2_12.

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Nahler, Gerhard. "over-the-counter (OTC)." In Dictionary of Pharmaceutical Medicine, 129. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-89836-9_987.

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Flowers, Thomas C., and Edward McCoul. "Over-the-Counter Sinonasal Medicines and Potential for Misuse." In Handbook of Substance Misuse and Addictions, 1–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67928-6_100-1.

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Chatziathanasiou, Dimitra, Miltiadis Chalikias, and Michalis Skordoulis. "Elderly Consumers’ Perceptions on Self-medication Using Over the Counter Medicines." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 795–804. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65551-2_57.

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Starkey, Paul W. "The Unique Role of Over-the-Counter Medicine." In Principles and Practice of Pharmaceutical Medicine, 182–93. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444325263.ch15.

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Nagappa, A. N., and Jovita Kanoujia. "Over-the-Counter Medicine: Community Pharmacy and Informed Self-Medication." In Perspectives in Pharmacy Practice, 235–45. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9213-0_13.

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Snoeck Henkemans, A. Francisca. "Chapter 6. The role of pragmatic argumentation in over-the-counter medicine advertisements." In Argumentation in Context, 93–108. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aic.11.06sno.

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Snoeck Henkemans, A. Francisca. "Chapter 9. Argumentative patterns with symptomatic argumentation in over-the-counter medicine advertisements." In Argumentation in Context, 139–56. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aic.11.09sno.

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Karlowicz-Bodalska, K., K. Miśkiewicz, D. Kurpas, S. Han, A. Kowalczyk, D. Marciniak, A. Dryś, et al. "Usage of Over-the-Counter and Herbal Products in Common Cold in Poland: Findings from Consumer Survey." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 21–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/5584_2015_155.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Over-the-Counter." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 510. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_8303.

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Conference papers on the topic "Over the counter Medicines"

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Lalovski, Ivan, Ivan Svinyarov, and Anely Nedelcheva. "Number Significance of over-the-counter (OTC) herbal medicinal products (HMP): ATC code R." In GA – 69th Annual Meeting 2021, Virtual conference. Georg Thieme Verlag, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1736899.

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Choi, Jiho, Jae Wook Kim, and Donghyun Lee. "DETERMINANTS FOR PURCHASING THE OTC(OVER THE COUNTER) DRUGS: DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THERAPY AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE." In Bridging Asia and the World: Globalization of Marketing & Management Theory and Practice. Global Alliance of Marketing & Management Associations, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.15444/gmc2014.04.01.01.

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Cho, Jay, Scarlett R. Miller, Timothy W. Simpson, and Steven B. Shooter. "Effects of Over-the-Counter Medication Product Family Packaging Design on Knowledge Acquisition and Consumer Preferences." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-35328.

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Adverse drug events result in hospitalization of more than 1.5 million Americans each year leading to large increases in health care costs. Although researchers have shown that a large portion of these adverse drug events are preventable, most Americans admit to only reading portions of over-the-counter (OTC) labeling, and only half say they seek out information on the label for usage information when they take an OTC medication for the first time. It is important then that we carefully consider what packaging features can motivate consumers to more thoughtfully consider the use of the OTC medicine and how packaging commonality within a product family influences the correct selection of these medications. In order to understand these questions, a controlled study was conducted with sixty-four participants who were asked to complete a Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (s-TOFHLA), a medication selection questionnaire that required participants to select the appropriate medication based on a given set of symptoms, and a packaging label ratings questionnaire. Two medication brands with five different types of package designs were studied. Product family commonality metrics were used to analyze the similarity among these simulated products, and statistical analyses were performed on the selection time and accuracy data obtained. The results illustrated that variations in labeling and product family packaging design significantly impact the accuracy and efficiency of medication decision-making and thus has the potential to reduce adverse drug events made during the OTC medication selection process.

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Mohara, Mizuki, Kei Shimura, Kenji Aiko, and Kodo Kawase. "Terahertz spectroscopy using an injection-seeded terahertz parametric generator for quantitative analysis and inspection of over-the-counter medicine tablets." In Terahertz, RF, Millimeter, and Submillimeter-Wave Technology and Applications XI, edited by Laurence P. Sadwick and Tianxin Yang. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2288029.

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"PHARMING EN ADOLESCENTES. CASO CLÍNICO." In 23° Congreso de la Sociedad Española de Patología Dual (SEPD) 2021. SEPD, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17579/sepd2021p128s.

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Objetivos. Presentación del concepto de pharming. Revisión de la bibliografía actual, epidemiología e implicaciones en el tratamiento. Discusión sobre el impacto en nuestra población de referencia y las posibles implicaciones en el diagnóstico y tratamiento. Material y métodos. Exposición de un caso de Pharming en adolescente. Revisión bibliográfica mediante búsqueda en PUBMED y EMBASE con las palabras clave: adolescents, drug abuse, over-the-counter medicines, prescription medication. Búsqueda en bases de datos epidemiológicas de nuestra región y de nuestro país. Resultados y conclusiones. El concepto de Pharming se refiere al uso de medicación con o sin receta, con una posología diferente a la recomendada y con un objetivo distinto al terapéutico, generalmente recreativo. El consumo suele realizarse acompañando a otros tóxicos. Se presenta el caso de un adolescente de 17 años con uso de levomepromazina y alcohol en contexto recreativo. Fue atendido en Urgencias hospitalarias en dos ocasiones por este motivo. Las primeras descripciones hablan del uso de fármacos sin receta, antitusígenos generalmente, pero en los últimos años se ha registrado el abuso de casi cualquier tipo de medicación, desde benzodiacepinas a estimulantes y medicación para el trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad. Este efecto parece estar relacionado con un aumento de este tipo de prescripciones en la población y una mayor facilidad para el acceso a esta medicación. La importancia de este fenómeno radica en que puede suponer la puerta de entrada a otro tipo de consumos y también en la dificultad para su detección y tratamiento, por la facilidad de acceso a la sustancia. El conocimiento de este fenómeno por parte de los médicos que tratan a adolescentes, tanto en consultas como en Urgencias, y de los padres es necesario para prevenir la morbilidad y mortalidad asociadas al consumo de sustancias.

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Evdokimov, I. M., Dmitry N. Vasiliev, Andrew V. Savin, and S. L. Druzhinin. "Gas flow in counter-flow jet SOG." In Prague -- 2004 DL over. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.610963.

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Steens, J., S. Lorent, M. Demoulin, and L. Benammar. "2SPD-037 Over 5 years of medicines shortages in a university hospital." In 24th EAHP Congress, 27th–29th March 2019, Barcelona, Spain. British Medical Journal Publishing Group, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2019-eahpconf.77.

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Luu, Loi, Shweta Shinde, Prateek Saxena, and Brian Demsky. "A model counter for constraints over unbounded strings." In PLDI '14: ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2594291.2594331.

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Khangura, Jasan, Melanie Flores, and Jane Ishmael. "Product text labels indicate the presence of other pharmacologically active ingredients in many OTC hemp- and CBD-containing preparations." In 2021 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.32.

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Introduction: The 2018 Farm Bill changed the legal status of cannabis plants that meet the definition of industrial hemp and allowed for the rapid expansion of hemp-based products into commercial spaces. With an emphasis on industrial hemp as the source of naturally-occurring cannabinoid compounds, a niche market for cannabidiol (CBD)-containing products was quickly established in pharmacies and grocery stores. Although the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has retained oversight of all cannabis-based products, labelling of hemp-derived products for retail markets remains largely unregulated. Under federal law, CBD cannot be added to foods, beverages, sold as a dietary supplement or marketed for a therapeutic benefit, however the perceived health benefits of CBD as an acceptable and safe ingredient contribute to the growing market for these health products. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the range of over-the-counter (OTC) hemp- and CBD-based products available to consumers and determine the prevalence of other pharmacologically active agents identified as ingredients in these products. Labels were scored for the presence of: active and inactive ingredients, percent CBD, full-spectrum hemp, full-spectrum CBD or CBD isolate. Methods: Two large pharmacy chains and one medium-sized grocery store located in the Pacific Northwest were surveyed between May 2020 and February 2021 and OTC hemp-derived products on display were recorded. Identification of pharmacologically active ingredients on the product label was validated using the National Medicines Comprehensive Database. Products that were noted to have CBD or hemp ingredients were included in the study, while any products that did not accurately report the amount of CBD in the product were excluded. Products that did not list the total weight of the product were excluded from the analysis. Results: Thirty-three unique products were recorded from 19 different manufacturers. 39% of product labels indicated the presence of Full-Spectrum Hemp as part of the base product, while 66% of products listed Hemp Extract as the base product. Text labels on CBD-containing products, on average, indicated more than 3 additional pharmacologically active ingredients were contained in each product. Topical CBD products were more likely to have other ingredients such as arnica montana, menthol and camphor, whereas products for oral ingestion were more likely to have only CBD as the primary active ingredient. Text labels on 52% of topical CBD products listed the presence of 10% menthol. Average concentrations of CBD in OTC products was found to be 1.12% ± 1.48 %, based on dry weight. Conclusion: Product text labels on OTC hemp-and CBD-containing preparations is varied and presented in a non-standardized format. Topical CBD products were more likely to contain other pharmacologically active natural products that can be used for the treatment of pain symptoms. Concentrations of arnica montana, menthol and camphor were as much as 10-fold higher than the proportion of CBD contained in these products. The absence of a standard format for labelling of OTC hemp- and CBD-derived products and the frequent presence of other active ingredients has the potential to create confusion and risk for the consumer.

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Charbonneau, F., Y. Brasleret, MA Zilavec, C. Naine, J. Grimaux, and G. Svrcek. "2SPD-007 Out of supply of chemotherapy injectable medicines over 9 months: patient impact." In 25th EAHP Congress, 25th–27th March 2020, Gothenburg, Sweden. British Medical Journal Publishing Group, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2020-eahpconf.26.

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Reports on the topic "Over the counter Medicines"

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Sopein-Mann, Oluwafunmike, Zita Ekeocha, Stephen Robert Byrn, and Kari L. Clase. Medicines Regulation in West Africa: Current State and Opportu-nities. Purdue University, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317443.

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Ndomondo-Sigonda et al. (2017) observed that there is scarcity of information on human resources (person-nel devoted to regulation of medicines) in the domain of medicines regulation in the sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The published information on medicines regulation by the National Medicines Regulatory Authorities (NMRAs) in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) region are no longer current and consistent with the current realities in the NMRAs. In order to reveal this occurrence, show the trends that exist over the years and make appropriate recommendations, data were collected and compared from 2005, 2010 and 2017 research reports on seven regulatory features of the fifteen Members States of ECOWAS. The re-sults show that there was missing information per regulatory feature and country. There was also an overall increasing trend in the number of NMRAs in the region that showed progress with respect to the measured regulatory features - Autonomy (Authority and Legal form), Marketing Authorization), GMP inspection, Quality Control, Quality Management System, Information Management System and Harmonization and International cooperation. People of Africa have a valuable story to tell as it relates to medicines regulation. This report is written by a West African from the perspective of a West African involved in the study and practice of medi-cines regulation by the NMRAs in the ECOWAS.

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Duffie, Darrell, Nicolae Garleanu, and Lasse Heje Pedersen. Over-the-Counter Markets. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w10816.

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Duffie, Darrell, Nicolae Garleanu, and Lasse Heje Pedersen. Valuation in Over-the-Counter Markets. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w12020.

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Hugonnier, Julien, Benjamin Lester, and Pierre-Olivier Weill. Frictional Intermediation in Over-the-counter Markets. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w24956.

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Lagos, Ricardo, Guillaume Rocheteau, and Pierre-Olivier Weill. Crises and Liquidity in Over-the-Counter Markets. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w15414.

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Acharya, Viral, and Alberto Bisin. Counterparty Risk Externality: Centralized Versus Over-the-counter Markets. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, April 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w17000.

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Lagos, Ricardo, and Shengxing Zhang. A Monetary Model of Bilateral Over-the-Counter Markets. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w25239.

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Darby, Michael. Over-the-Counter Derivatives and Systemic Risk to the Global Financial System. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4801.

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Prazinko, B. F., J. A. Sam, J. L. Caldwell, and A. T. Townsend. Dose Uniformity of Over-the-Counter Melatonin as Determined by High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada383246.

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Lehtovirta, V., M. Naslund, and K. Norrman. Integrity Transform Carrying Roll-Over Counter for the Secure Real-time Transport Protocol (SRTP). RFC Editor, January 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc4771.

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