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Journal articles on the topic 'Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs advertising'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Ranjeeta, Kumari, and Pawan Kumar Anil. "Questionnaire based survey on practicing OTC antimicrobials among 1st and 2nd year medical student of RIMS in Ranchi, India." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 7, no. 5 (2018): 854. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20181465.

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Background: OTC (over the counter) drugs are defined as “Drugs available freely on the counter without prescription of a registered medical practitioner The WHO has also pointed out that responsible self-medication can help prevent and treat ailments that do not require medical consultation and provides a cheaper alternative for treating common illnesses. Studies have also found that educated people have a greater tendency to practice self-medication than illiterates. several studies have been carried out in different populations to evaluate the practice of self-medication there is a paucity o

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V, Asha, and Karthik D. Yadav. "Knowledge, attitude and practice of using antibiotics as self-medication among non-medical graduates." International Journal of Dental Research 5, no. 2 (2017): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijdr.v5i2.7871.

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Background: Antibiotic abuse is a major concern in the modern era of internet. The ease of availability of drugs, lack of time to visit a doctor, poverty, the lack of knowledge about antibiotics, the influence of relatives, friends and advertising media seems to be the major contributing factors for self-medication. The objective of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of antibiotics as self-medication among non-medical graduates.Methodology: A validated, self-administered questionnaire on knowledge, attitude and practice was used to collect data from 400 non-medical gr

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DOĞAN, Seyhmus, and Duygu ÜNALAN. "OTC MEDICINE MARKETING IN SOCIAL MEDIA: INDICATIVE SCIENTIFIC ANALYSIS OF PHARMATON AND SUPRADYN ADVERTISEMENTS." TURKISH ONLINE JOURNAL OF DESIGN ART AND COMMUNICATION 11, no. 1 (2021): 247–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.7456/11001100/014.

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The feedback loop provided by Web 2.0 technology provides an important opportunity for companies to keep the pulse of the consumer. In addition, the low cost of advertising has made social media channels attractive as an advertising platform. In recent years, the increasing importance of new internet and social media technologies as a source of health information has led the pharmaceutical industry to digital channels. The number of drug promotion in the world and Turkey is subject to legal regulations. The products in the group in Turkey only over the counter medicine can be advertised. In th

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DOĞAN, Seyhmus, and Duygu ÜNALAN. "OTC MEDICINE MARKETING IN SOCIAL MEDIA: INDICATIVE SCIENTIFIC ANALYSIS OF PHARMATON AND SUPRADYN ADVERTISEMENTS." TURKISH ONLINE JOURNAL OF DESIGN ART AND COMMUNICATION 11, no. 1 (2021): 247–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.7456/11101100/014.

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The feedback loop provided by Web 2.0 technology provides an important opportunity for companies to keep the pulse of the consumer. In addition, the low cost of advertising has made social media channels attractive as an advertising platform. In recent years, the increasing importance of new internet and social media technologies as a source of health information has led the pharmaceutical industry to digital channels. The number of drug promotion in the world and Turkey is subject to legal regulations. The products in the group in Turkey only over the counter medicine can be advertised. In th

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DOĞAN, Seyhmus, and Duygu ÜNALAN. "OTC MEDICINE MARKETING IN SOCIAL MEDIA: INDICATIVE SCIENTIFIC ANALYSIS OF PHARMATON AND SUPRADYN ADVERTISEMENTS." TURKISH ONLINE JOURNAL OF DESIGN ART AND COMMUNICATION 11, no. 1 (2021): 247–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.7456/11101100/014.

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The feedback loop provided by Web 2.0 technology provides an important opportunity for companies to keep the pulse of the consumer. In addition, the low cost of advertising has made social media channels attractive as an advertising platform. In recent years, the increasing importance of new internet and social media technologies as a source of health information has led the pharmaceutical industry to digital channels. The number of drug promotion in the world and Turkey is subject to legal regulations. The products in the group in Turkey only over the counter medicine can be advertised. In th

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Tissoni, Francesco, Giulia Venditti, and Martina Canzano. "Pharma industry social communication in Italy: quantitative and qualitative analysis of data from a Social Observatory." AboutOpen 8, no. 1 (2021): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33393/ao.2021.2274.

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Introduction. We developed a Social Observatory in the HealthCare (HC) & Pharma sector to better understand how the focus by Pharma companies on social communication has been implemented, following the new legislation that allows social advertising for over the counter (OTC) drugs. Methods and results. Activity on social networks between 01/06/2018 and 31/05/2019 has been analysed. The social channels monitored were: Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn, Twitter and YouTube. Activity from 13 companies with HQ in Italy (Abiogen, Alfasigma, Angelini, Chiesi, Doc Generici, Dompé, Italfarmaco,

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Sánchez-Sánchez, Eduardo, Fátima Lucía Fernández-Cerezo, Jara Díaz-Jimenez, et al. "Consumption of over-the-Counter Drugs: Prevalence and Type of Drugs." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11 (2021): 5530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115530.

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Recently, there has been an increase in the use of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. The consumption of these medicines can be unsafe, as incorrect self-diagnosis or the ingestion of inappropriate doses can lead to side effects and the occurrence of adverse reactions and drug–drug interactions. A cross-sectional descriptive observational study was carried out, targeting the entire Spanish population by using an online questionnaire. The results showed that 78.9% of the subjects had previously taken or were currently taking OTC drugs. This consumption decreased as the age of the subjects increased,

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Shatakshi Lall and Nardev Singh. "Over the counter drug use: Assessing the perception of the community." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 3 (2020): 3580–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i3.2514.

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The drugs that can be easily purchased from any medical store without prescription are known as “Non Prescription” drugs. Such non prescription drugs are used for self medication. Non Prescription drugs are commonly termed as “Over the counter” drugs. There is always certain degree of danger in consuming OTC drugs even though some people consider their use as completely safe. The study is designed with an objective to understand the pattern of Over the Counter drugs use in a locality of Dehradun by using a structured questionnaire. An Observational, Descriptive study was conducted. The data wa

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Oborne, C. Alice, and Michal L. Luzac. "Over-the-Counter Medicine Use Prior to and During Hospitalization." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 39, no. 2 (2005): 268–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.1d160.

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BACKGROUND: In the UK, medicines are being reclassified from prescription-only drugs to allow supply without prescription. This allows faster and easier access to medicines to treat minor ailments and allows patients to take greater responsibility for their health. However, over-the-counter (OTC) drugs may pose risks to patients; thus, it is important to understand patients' OTC medicine use. OBJECTIVE: To assess use of OTC drugs prior to and during hospital stay of inpatients of all ages and specialties. METHODS: Data were collected for 186 randomly selected patients. Patients were interviewe

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Natasa, Mihailovic, Snezana Radovanovic, Dragan Vasiljevic, Sanja Kocic, and Mihajlo Jakovljevic. "Sociodemographic Characteristics Of The Over-The-Counter Drug Users In Serbia." Open Pharmacoeconomics & Health Economics Journal 6, no. 1 (2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1876824501806010001.

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Background:The analysis of socio-demographic factors on the use of over-the-counter drugs for self-medication and over the counter drugs such as vitamins and minerals for boosting the immune system.Objective:The objective is to look into socio-demographic factors of the interviewees who use Over-the-Counter drugs.Methods:Data obtained through the results of the National health survey of the Republic of Serbia 2013. Dependent variable was transformed such a way that vitamins and herbal medicaments for strengthening the body were merged into one group preparations for boosting the immune system

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Gardiner, Jason, and Aaron S. Kesselheim. "Over-the-Counter Monograph Safety, Innovation, and Reform Act." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 49, no. 2 (2021): 321–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jme.2021.46.

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AbstractOver-the-counter (OTC) drugs are ubiquitous in the US. Policymakers have long debated how to modernize the system for making determinations of safety and effectiveness and addressing safety issues with OTC drugs.

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Patel, Priyanka D., Kamlesh P. Patel, and Supriya D. Malhotra. "Survey of use of over the counter drug and other than over the counter drugs among medical students, nursing and technician staff of a tertiary care teaching hospital." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 6, no. 3 (2017): 592. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20170819.

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Background: To find out pattern and extent of use of OTC and other than OTC drugs among medical students, nursing and technician staff.Methods: Study began after taking permission and approval from Institutional Review Board (IRB). Medical student, nursing and technician staff of tertiary care teaching hospital was enrolled after written informed consent. Pre validated questionnaire regarding use of such use was administered to each participant.Results: A total of 200 participants responded to questionnaire, M:F ratio was 1:1.7. Majority of the participants had taken OTC drugs for cough/cold (

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Wieringa, Jaap Edo, Katrin Christiane Reber, and Peter Leeflang. "Improving pharmacy store performance: the merits of over-the-counter drugs." European Journal of Marketing 49, no. 7/8 (2015): 1276–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-06-2013-0331.

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Purpose – This study aims to increase understanding of the factors that affect retail pharmacy performance. This paper investigates how various product-, store-, customer- and competitor characteristics affect over-the-counter (OTC) drug sales and thus store performance. Design/methodology/approach – This paper specifies and estimates a hierarchical model comprising scanner-based information, as well as individual-level data from a customer survey. Findings – Results indicate that the drivers of retail pharmacy performance in OTC categories are different from those identified in traditional re

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Sobczak, Łukasz, and Krzysztof Goryński. "Pharmacological Aspects of Over-the-Counter Opioid Drugs Misuse." Molecules 25, no. 17 (2020): 3905. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25173905.

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Several over-the-counter (OTC) drugs are known to be misused. Among them are opioids such as codeine, dihydrocodeine, and loperamide. This work elucidates their pharmacology, interactions, safety profiles, and how pharmacology is being manipulated to misuse these common medications, with the aim to expand on the subject outlined by the authors focusing on abuse prevention and prevalence rates. The reviewed literature was identified in several online databases through searches conducted with phrases created by combining the international non-proprietary names of the drugs with terms related to

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Minami, Tsuyoshi, Nina A. Esipenko, Ali Akdeniz, Ben Zhang, Lyle Isaacs, and Pavel Anzenbacher. "Multianalyte Sensing of Addictive Over-the-Counter (OTC) Drugs." Journal of the American Chemical Society 135, no. 40 (2013): 15238–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja407722a.

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Patil, Sunita Sunil, and Saket Agarwal. "Awareness of over the counter antibiotics to combat antimicrobial resistance." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 8, no. 12 (2019): 2697. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20195281.

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Background: In India there is wide use of over the counter (OTC) antibiotics and unawareness of its harmful effects. In India dispensing antibiotics without prescription is a major contribution factor in development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The objectives of the present study were to evaluate awareness and proper use of OTC antibiotics in the community.Methods: Responses to a questionnaire covering various aspects on awareness and usage of OTC antibiotics were obtained from 100 families and 100 pharmacy shops in the community by second year MBBS students after permission from institu

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Grebenar, Darija, Eric Nham, and Robert Likic. "Factors influencing pharmacists’ over-the-counter drug recommendations." Postgraduate Medical Journal 96, no. 1133 (2019): 144–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/postgradmedj-2019-136969.

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BackgroundSelf-care is a growing trend all over the world, and pharmacists have a major role in it since they are the most easily accessible medical experts.ObjectivesOur aim was to investigate factors influencing pharmacists’ over-the-counter (OTC) drugs recommendations in Croatia.SettingA random sample of 565 (50%) of all pharmacies in Croatia.MethodsA cross-sectional study with a five-point Likert scale online questionnaire covering medical and non-medical factors influencing OTC drug recommendation was distributed in October 2017 to a random sample of pharmacies.Results206/565 (response ra

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Shiina, Akihiro, Tomihisa Niitsu, and Masaomi Iyo. "Need for self-medication using over-the-counter psychoactive agents: A national survey in Japan." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (2021): e0245866. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245866.

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Self-medication using over-the-counter (OTC) drugs is an option for the autonomous treatment of several health problems. However, the use of OTC drugs to treat psychiatric conditions remains controversial. To clarify opinions regarding the use of OTC drugs to treat psychiatric problems, we conducted an anonymous online survey of 3000 people in Japan. Participants were stratified into three groups according to their history of mental health problems. Few participants had engaged in self-medication using OTC drugs for psychiatric symptoms, with the exception of insomnia. Participants who had use

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Yang, Yongyu, Lu Zhang, Yamin Huang, Hangxing Huang, Shusen Sun, and Jian Xiao. "Based on the Beers Criteria 2019 Edition Over-the-Counter Drugs Risk Confirmation of Elderly Chinese." BioMed Research International 2021 (August 25, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5524551.

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Objective. To explore OTC (over-the-counter drugs) in Chinese community pharmacies often causes ADE (adverse drug event) in elderly patients. Methods. Use the drugs in the Beers Criteria 2019 potentially inappropriate medication use (PIM) list as search terms. Search for drugs registered on the National Medical Products Administration of China website before December 2019 to determine the drugs containing PIM active ingredients and, then, search the Chinese OTC selection and conversion catalog database to determine it as OTC. Two databases are considered to be the same drug if they have the sa

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Ganapa, Praveena, and Kishore Y. Jothula. "Study on usage of over the counter medication among college students in Telangana: a cross sectional study." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 9 (2019): 3939. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20193997.

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Background: The use of over the counter medications (OTC) has been reported to be on rise internationally. The OTC drug market in India currently ranks 11th in the global OTC market. Since Indian patients have a huge tendency of self-treatment, the Indian market is characterized by a huge demand for OTC drugs. Hence the current study is undertaken to know the practices of over the counter medication among college students.Methods: Institutional based cross sectional study carried out in Pharmacy College and all interested students were included with sample size of 141. Data was collected by in

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Sood, Megha, Jagminder Kaur Bajaj, and Nipunjot Grewal. "Evaluate use of over the counter drugs among medical students in a tertiary care teaching hospital." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 8, no. 5 (2019): 973. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20191586.

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Background: In our country there is easy availability of drugs over the counter leading to their unintentional misuse and abuse. Over the counter availability of drugs does offer the benefit of easy access to medicines and allows individuals to become in charge of their own health. It is important to understand that medical education can impact the OTC drug use amongst medical students. In order to observe the pattern of OTC drug use among the first and second professional MBBS students we planned this study. The aim of the study was to evaluate use of over the counter (OTC) drugs among medica

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Pisaniak, Paulina, Dorota Ozga, Aleksander Tarczoń, Patryk Stokłosa, Dominika Piękoś, and Magdalena Fuglewicz. "Restrictions on access to Over The Counter drugs – an obstacle or a chance for better treatment?" BÓL 20, no. 1 (2019): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.4578.

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The use of OTC drugs is very popular in Poland. However, not many people realise what dangers stem from the inappropriate use of those medications. One of the most prominent abuse of OTC drugs is improper dosage, which may cause negative side effects leading to the deterioration of the patient’s health. A potential solution to this problem is the imposition of restrictions on the availability of OTC drugs, which could raise the awareness of the buyers. The people surveyed have been grouped on the basis of gender, age, education and place of living. The results of the survey show which OTC drug

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S, Arunkumar, Kumar Chandar S, Vembu Nr, and Abirami G. "CONSUMPTION OF ANTIBIOTICS AS SELF-MEDICATION FROM OVER-THE-COUNTER PURCHASE: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ARUNKUMAR." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 7 (2017): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i7.18793.

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Objective: The primary objective of this study is to find the reasons behind the practice of self-medication (SM) by the people with over-the-counter (OTC) drugs which are usually available in all medical stores. Methods: This article presents an empirical view of SM practice with OTC drugs. The research design of the study is descriptive, and the population of the study is customers who buy OTC drugs. The target population of this research is the common public who are all having the possibility to consume OTC drugs ever. The sampling technique used for this study is a systematic random sampli

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Bernardes, Juliana Reis, Cecília Lima de Queirós Mattoso, Marco Aurelio Carino Bouzada, and Claudia Affonso Silva Araujo. "Vulnerability of poorly literate adult consumers regarding over-the-counter drugs." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing 15, no. 2 (2020): 212–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijphm-09-2019-0062.

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Purpose This study aims at verifying the impact of literacy on over-the-counter (OTC) drug consumer vulnerability as evaluated by health literacy and label comprehension. Design/methodology/approach The item response theory (IRT) was used to estimate the health literacy of two groups and the two-way analysis of variance tests was used to test the hypotheses for the existence of mean differences between the two populations. The convenience sample involved 188 OTC consumers: 94 (50%) poorly literate and 94 (50%) university students/graduates. Findings University consumers/graduates have a level

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Mlinar, Suzana, and Rosanda Raskovic-Malnarsic. "Analysis of over-the-counter medicines use among nursing students." Vojnosanitetski pregled 72, no. 9 (2015): 794–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp140606068m.

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Background/Aim. The use of over-the-counter (OTC) medication is widespread among the adult and student populations in Slovenia. The aim of the study was to analyse the prevalence of OTC medicines use among nursing students with respect to sociodemographic characteristics. Methods. A total of 241 nursing students in the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ljubljana, were included in the cross-sectional study. A questionnaire was created for the purposes of the study. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 20. Descriptive statistics, t-test and the contingency coefficient were calculated. Statisti

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Mikhail, Alexandre, Omaid Tanoli, Gilles Légaré, et al. "Over-the-Counter Drugs and Other Substances Used in Attempted Suicide Presented to Emergency Departments in Montreal, Canada." Crisis 40, no. 3 (2019): 166–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000545.

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Abstract. Background: Over-the-counter (OTC) analgesics are frequently used in suicide attempts. Accessibility, toxicity, and unsupervised acquisition of large amounts may be facilitators. Aims: To identify patient characteristics associated with OTC drug use as a suicide attempt method among adults. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted using chart review of all individuals who presented to the emergency department (ED) of two adult general hospitals following a suicide attempt during 2009–2010 in Montreal, Canada. Results: Among the 369 suicide attempters identified, 181 used overdos

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Abduelkarem, Abduelmula R., and Hafsa Mustafa. "Use of Over-the-Counter Medication among Pregnant Women in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates." Journal of Pregnancy 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4503793.

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Background. Over-the-counter medications are widely available in pharmacies Their safety profile, however, does not extend to pregnant women. Accordingly, there should be educational programs developed for pregnant women to protect them from the harms of the side effects. Aim. This study was planned and designed with the aim of exploring the awareness and assessing the usage of OTC medications among pregnant women in Sharjah, UAE. Method. A cross-sectional survey using a self-administered questionnaire. Results. More than three-quarters (75.7%) reported that they are familiar with the term “ov

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Yood, Marianne Ulcickas, Ulka B. Campbell, Kenneth J. Rothman, et al. "Using prescription claims data for drugs available over-the-counter (OTC)." Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety 16, no. 9 (2007): 961–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pds.1454.

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Coons, Stephen Joel, and William F. McGhan. "The Role of Drugs in Self-Care." Journal of Drug Issues 18, no. 2 (1988): 175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204268801800204.

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This article provides an overview of self-care and explores the role of self-medication within the self-care process. A model of illness behavior is described which includes the various courses of action that consumers may undertake when they experience a symptom or deviation from health. Reasons behind the trend toward self-care are presented along with information on the extent of this phenomenon. Self-medication is described as a response to symptoms which involves the use of nonprescription or over-the-counter (OTC) medications. It has been estimated that at least seventy-five percent of a

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Jha, Anuja, Usha Joshi, Rajesh Hishikar, Manju Agrawal, and Ajay Halwai. "Status of package insert guidelines for drugs accessible as over the counter drugs." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 7, no. 2 (2018): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20180102.

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Background: As per Indian pharmacopoeia, package inserts are part of a label that provides information on the article. It may be the sole source of information for drugs, which are available in the pharmacies without the prescription and it may include both prescription and over the counter (OTC) drugs. So, to aid in safety and efficacy of these drugs, package inserts must follow the standard guidelines (The Drugs and Cosmetics rule, 1945). The objective of this study was to observe the status of the standard guidelines for package insert in drugs accessible as OTC drugs.Methods: Based on the

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Reis, Adriano Max Moreira, and Albert Figueras. "Analysis of the evidence of efficacy and safety of over-the-counter cough medications registered in Brazil." Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 46, no. 1 (2010): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-82502010000100016.

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The objective of this study was to analyze the level of evidence regarding the efficacy, effectiveness and safety of over-the-counter (OTC) cough medications registered in Brazil. The National Health Surveillance Agency database was used to identify the drugs. Clinical trials, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and studies on safety were searched on the Medline baseline, the Cochrane Library and SIETES (System of Essential Information in Therapeutics and Health; database in Spanish). Most drugs (62.5%) were sold as a fixed-dose combination of two or more drugs. Randomized clinical trials were

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Cecyli C, Kavitha K, and Manjula A. "Assessment of Prevalence, Knowledge and Practice of Over-the-Counter Medications Use among General Population." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL4 (2020): 212–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl4.3771.

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The rate of use of over the counter (OTC) drugs is radically expanding step by step. Over the counter medications are drugs sold easily to consumer without a physician’s instruction. A cross sectional descriptive design was adopted for this study to assess the prevalence, knowledge and practice of over-the-counter medications use among general population. A sum of 440 people was selected utilizing probability cluster sampling by evaluating individuals who met the inclusion criteria. The participants were collected data on knowledge and practice of over-the-counter medications use with a self-s

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Abood, Ebtesam, Jenny Scott, and Mayyada Wazaify. "User Experiences of Prescription and Over-The-Counter Drug Abuse in Aden City, Yemen." Pharmacy 6, no. 3 (2018): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy6030099.

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Khat chewing is commonplace in Yemen, but little else is known about the misuse of other drugs, especially how such misuse may intersect with Khat use. The aim of this study was to investigate misuse of prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs in community pharmacies in Aden city, from the users’ perspective. A qualitative in-depth-interview study was undertaken with fifteen known or suspected drug misusers, recruited through community pharmacies. Thematic analysis was used to identify the main emergent themes around experience of prescription and OTC drug misuse. The majority of intervie

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Aditya R, Ankitha P B, Bemiya Benny, Krithika Joy, and Navyashree G A. "A Study on the Dispensing Pattern of OTC Medications in Community Pharmacies: Generic versus Non-Generic drugs." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL4 (2020): 1071–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl4.4246.

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Over the Counter (OTC) Drugs are legally allowed to be sold 'Over the Counter' without the prescription of a registered medical practitioner (RMP). The study aimed to assess the drug dispensing pattern of the commonly dispensed category of OTC drugs, understand the patient's knowledge using a self-designed questionnaire and to compare the cost-effectiveness based on the unit price of drugs between generic and non-generic drugs. A prospective observational study was conducted from November 2018 to April 2019 in randomly selected licensed community pharmacies in Banashankari, Bengaluru (3 privat

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Chatterjee, Sudipto, R. Vijendra, K. Girish, and Mahesh Kumar Manjeri Koroth. "Assessment of knowledge, attitudes and practice among interns about over the counter drugs in a tertiary care hospital in India." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 8, no. 11 (2019): 2485. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20194789.

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Background: Drugs that are dispensed against a valid prescription issued to a patient by a registered medical practitioner are known as “prescription-only drugs”. In India, they have been regulated under schedule H, H1, G, and X of the Drugs and Rules (1945). The drugs which are not included in the list of “prescription-only drugs” are considered to be over-the-counter drugs (OTC). There is no provision for an OTC drug schedule in the Drugs and Cosmetics Rules 1945, and these drugs have higher chances of misuse or abuse. This study was undertaken to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practice

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Ellen, Pam Scholder, Paula Fitzgerald Bone, and Elnora W. Stuart. "How Well Do Young People Follow the Label? An Investigation of Four Classes of Over-the-Counter Drugs." Journal of Public Policy & Marketing 17, no. 1 (1998): 70–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074391569801700108.

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Media reports, medical professionals, mental health counselors, and existing research suggest that some young people fail to follow the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) required labeling of over-the-counter (OTC) medications. Indeed, anecdotal evidence suggests young people are misusing some OTC products by taking more than the recommended dosage and/or taking them for purposes other than those intended by the FDA or the manufacturer. In a nonprobability sample, the authors find a significant incidence of OTC drug misuse. More than half of the past-30-day OTC drug uses were over the recomm

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Walsh, Stephen J. "IL-10 Gene Polymorphisms and Self-Medication With Over-the-Counter Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs." Biological Research For Nursing 19, no. 3 (2017): 329–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099800417690253.

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Background: Genetic influences on self-medication with over-the-counter (OTC) drugs merit investigation. For example, patients frequently use OTC nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to treat inflammation, but the inflammatory response is also affected by endogenous cytokines whose production varies across polymorphisms of their encoding genes. In the case of interleukin 10 (IL-10), literature suggests that a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the promoter region of the cytokine’s gene (-1082 A > G [rs1800896]) influences production with higher levels associated with G variant

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Zurek, Eduardo E., Daniel J. Romero, Hernán D. Blanco, and Carlos A. Gutiérrez. "Fuzzy inference system for the identification of over-the-counter (otc) drugs." Revista Ingenierías Universidad de Medellín 12, no. 22 (2013): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22395/rium.v12n22a9.

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Barrenberg, E., and E. Garbe. "Use of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs and perceptions of OTC drug safety among German adults." European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 71, no. 11 (2015): 1389–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00228-015-1929-5.

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Mitra, Satabdi. "Acute kidney injury and severe septicemia: toll of over-the-counter availability of drugs." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 4 (2021): 2038. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20211277.

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Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) act mainly on peripheral pain mechanisms and on the central nervous system to raise the pain threshold. Their usage is widespread and many of these drugs are available over-the-counter (OTC) and hence self-medicated and abused. Drugs and Cosmetics Act is quiescent on this issue. Literature review has shown that, nimesulide, a preferential COX-2 inhibitor group of NSAID is notorious to produce hepatic and renal damage besides gastric mucosal injury which surpass its benefits. Here a case has been reported on life-threatening condition faced on cumu

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Honig, Peter K., and Bradley K. Gillespie. "Clinical Significance of Pharmacokinetic Drug Interactions with Over-the-Counter (OTC) Drugs*." Clinical Pharmacokinetics 35, no. 3 (1998): 167–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00003088-199835030-00001.

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Petkova, Valentina, and Bozhidarka Radoslavova Hadzhieva. "Pilot study of over-the-counter drugs applied among the pediatric population in Bulgaria." Pharmacia 68, no. 1 (2021): 265–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.68.e63805.

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Herbal medicines have evolved through their traditional use in a specific or cultural context. The pharmacological effects of herbal medicines are not due to their “natural” origin, but to the complex character of biologically active substances. Pediatricians have begun to integrate the use of complementary / alternative medical therapies with conventional health care. The first aim of the study was to make an analysis of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs (OTCDs) with a plant component. The secondary aim was to investigate OTCDs in terms of composition and nosology for use by the pediatric populati

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Hoy, Mariea Grubbs. "Switch Drugs Vis-à-Vis Rx and OTC: Policy, Marketing, and Research Considerations." Journal of Public Policy & Marketing 13, no. 1 (1994): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074391569401300107.

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The over-the-counter drug market is expected to nearly double in sales from 1990 to 2000, attributed primarily to a growing product class: prescription drugs that are “switched” to over-the-counter status. The author presents a framework in which to compare and contrast switch drugs with prescription and over-the-counter drugs by evaluating them in light of health and safety, economic, consumer behavior, and marketing considerations. She also addresses the general policy implications and marketing communications considerations for switch drugs in light of their relationship to consumer choice

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Ratner, Kyle G., Amanda R. Kaczmarek, and Youngki Hong. "Can Over-the-Counter Pain Medications Influence Our Thoughts and Emotions?" Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5, no. 1 (2018): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2372732217748965.

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Recent research at the intersection of social psychology and psychopharmacology is raising new questions about some of our favorite over-the-counter (OTC) pain medications. This work suggests that drugs like acetaminophen and ibuprofen might influence how people experience emotional distress, process cognitive discrepancies, and evaluate stimuli in their environment. These studies have the potential to change our understanding of how popular pain medications influence the millions of people who take them. However, this research is still in its infancy. Further studies are necessary to address

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Vigilante, William J., and Michael S. Wogalter. "The Ordering of Over-the-Counter Pharmaceutical Label Components." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 40, no. 3 (1996): 141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129604000308.

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Recently there has been increasing interest in enabling consumers to more easily acquire information from over-the-counter (OTC) nonprescription pharmaceutical labels. Standardization of the format of labels is being considered by industry, government, and health-related professional organizations as a way to facilitate their usability. Potentially standardization could assist consumers in quickly locating information that they need to use the medication safely. The purpose of the present research is to determine whether consumers have a consistent preference for the ordering of information (c

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Kumari, Kusum, Mary Sunita Toppo, and Priyanki . "Self medication practices of over the counter analgesic drugs among medical students in a tertiary care hospital in Jharkhand, India." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 8, no. 5 (2019): 903. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20191573.

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Background: Self-medication is a very common practice which is gradually spreading all over the world. Analgesics are the most commonly available over the counter (OTC) drugs. They are used for pain relief in many diseases. Use of these analgesics has become a serious ailment because self- medication practices of analgesic drugs are increasing among general population as well as medical students. Being future medical practitioners, self-medication has a special impact in medical students. Various data are available regarding usage of OTC analgesic drugs but still data in Jharkhand are lacking.

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Shakya, Sangita, Susmita Sedai, and Ronas Shakya. "The Practice of OTC Dispensing by Community Pharmacist in Nepal." Journal of Advanced Academic Research 8, no. 1 (2021): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jaar.v8i1.38422.

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Over the counter (OTC) medications are the group of drugs that can be sold without the prescription of a registered medical practitioner to the consumers. Pharmacists are the most accessible health care professionals to the patient for the treatment of their minor illness. To provide appropriate advice to the patient at the time of dispensing and over-the-counter (OTC) medication counselling, community pharmacists need access to current and reliable information about medicines. A descriptive study was conducted on fifty pharmacists present in the community pharmacy of Kathmandu and Lalitpur di

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&NA;. "Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs were involved in 43.1% of overdose (OD) cases." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 974 (2003): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200309740-00012.

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Gao, Zongming, Lawrence Yu, Stephanie Clark, et al. "Dissolution Testing for Bioavailability of Over-the-Counter (OTC) Drugs—a Technical Note." AAPS PharmSciTech 16, no. 5 (2015): 1227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1208/s12249-015-0297-x.

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Chiappini, Stefania, and Fabrizio Schifano. "What about “Pharming”? Issues Regarding the Misuse of Prescription and Over-the-Counter Drugs." Brain Sciences 10, no. 10 (2020): 736. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10100736.

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Recently, a range of prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs have emerged as being used recreationally, either on their own or in combination with other substances, both licit and illicit, including new psychoactive substances (NPS). Among them, the misuse of prescription drugs involves not only traditionally recorded substances, such as benzodiazepines and opioid pain relievers, but also gabapentinoids (e.g., pregabalin and gabapentin); some antidepressants, e.g., bupropion and venlafaxine; some second-generation antipsychotics, e.g., quetiapine and olanzapine. Moreover, the use of some

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