Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Overactive Bladder Nocturia Incontinence'

Background: Storage lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) including overactive bladder (OAB) and urinary incontinence (UI) affect millions of people worldwide, significantly impacting quality of life. Plant based medicines have been documented both empirically and in emerging scientific research to have varying benefits in reducing bladder symptoms. We assessed the efficacy of Urox (R), a proprietary combination of phytomedicine extracts including, Cratevox (TM) (Crataeva nurvala) stem bark, Equisetem arvense stem and Lindera aggregata root, in reducing symptoms of OAB and UI. Methods: Efficacy of the herbal combination on a variety of bladder symptoms compared to an identical placebo, were documented in a randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled trial conducted at two primary care centres. Data were collected at baseline, 2, 4 and 8 weeks, with the primary outcome being self-reported urinary frequency. Statistical analysis included mixed effects ordered logistic regression with post hoc Holm's test to account for repeated measures, and included an intention-to-treat analysis. Results: One hundred and fifty participants (59% female, aged; mean +/- SD; 63.5 +/- 13.1 years) took part in the study. At week 8, urinary day frequency was significantly lower (OR 0.01; 95%CI 0.01 to 0.02; p < 0.001) in response to treatment (mean +/- SD; 7.69 +/- 2.15/day) compared to placebo (10.95 +/- 2.47/day). Similarly, episodes of nocturia were significantly fewer (OR 0.03; 95%CI 0.02 to 0.05) after 8 weeks of treatment (2.16 +/- 1.49/night) versus placebo (3.14 +/- 1.36/night). Symptoms of urgency (OR 0.02; 95%CI 0.01 to 0.03), and total incontinence (OR 0.03; 95%CI 0.01 to 0.06) were also lower (all p < 0.01) in the treatment group. Significant improvements in quality of life were reported after treatment in comparison to placebo. No significant side effects were observed resulting in withdrawal from treatment. Conclusions: The outcome of this study demonstrated both statistical significance and clinical relevance in reducing symptoms of OAB, urinary frequency and/or urgency and incontinence. The demonstrated viability of the herbal combination to serve as an effective treatment, with minimal side-effects, warrants further longer term research and consideration by clinicians.

Base teórica: Disfunções do trato urinário inferior são sintomas não motores comuns na Doença de Parkinson (DP) e incluem a Síndrome da Bexiga Hiperativa Neurogênica (SBHN), caracterizada pela urgência miccional, com ou sem urgeincontinência, acompanhada de aumento da frequência urinária e noctúria. A estimulação do nervo tibial posterior (ENTP) é uma das modalidades de tratamento disponíveis para o tratamento da SBHN. Objetivo: Determinar e comparar os efeitos do tratamento com ENTP em pacientes com DP e sintomas de SBHN e a manutenção dos resultados em 1 e 3 meses após o término do tratamento. Métodos: Ensaio-clínico, duplo-cego, randomizado, controlado e comparado com placebo. A pesquisa foi realizada com mulheres com DP e sintomas de SBHN no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Para o tratamento com ENTP domiciliar por 12 semanas as pacientes foram divididas em dois grupos: grupo ENTP e grupo ENTP sham/placebo. A avaliação da resposta pré e pós-tratamento foi realizada através de formulário específico, questionários de avaliação da incontinência urinária e qualidade de vida (OAB-V8 e KHQ) e de um diário miccional (DM) de 24 horas. Após, o fim do tratamento foi feito seguimento dos resultados para avaliação da melhora subjetiva em 30 e 90 dias. Resultados: O grupo ENTP apresentou uma diminuição da noctúria, número de episódios de urgência micciional e urge-incontinência, número de uso de proteções para incontinência, pontuação OAB-V8 e em sete domínios do KHQ (p <0,001). Embora, o grupo controle também tenha apresentado melhora dos sintomas, o grupo ENTP apresentou uma melhora superior no final do tratamento nas medidas do DM, OAB-V8 e na maioria dos domínios do KHQ. A ETNTP foi considerada um tratamento efetivo para SBHN em 93,3%, enquanto 33,3% dos tratados com placebo também melhoraram (p = 0,002). No seguimento de 30 e 90 dias, 53,3% e 33,31%, respectivamente, do grupo ENTP relataram que mantinham- se melhores dos sintomas da SBHN. Conclusão: a ENTP foi um tratamento efetivo para as pacientes com DP e SBHN. Nossa hipótese de superioridade clínica do grupo ENTP foi confirmada e a melhora subjetiva foi considerada positiva, mesmo que parcialmente em 30 e 90 dias após fim do tratamento.<br>Blackround: Lower urinary tract dysfunctions are common non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) and include Neurogenic Overactive Bladder Syndrome (NOBS), characterized by urinary urgency, with or without urge incontinence, accompanied by increased urinary frequency and nocturia . Posterior Tibial Nerve Stimulation (PTNS) is one of the treatment modalities available for the treatment of NOBS. Objective: To determine and compare the effects of PTNS treatment in patients with PD and NOBS symptoms and to maintain long-term results (1 and 3 months). Methods: Controlled, randomized, double-blind and compared with placebo clinical trial. The research was carried out with women with PD and symptoms of NOBS at the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. For treatment with PTNS at 12 weeks, patients were divided into two groups: PTNS group and PTNS sham/placebo group. The evaluation of the pre- and post-treatment response was through a specific form, questionnaires to evaluate incontinence and quality of life (OVA-V8 and KHQ), and a voiding diary. After the end of the treatment, the results were followed up to evaluate the subjective improvement in 30 and 90 days. Results: The PTNS group presented a decreased nighttime urinary frequency, number of urgency and urinary incontinence episodes, number of incontinence protection, OAB-V8 and 7 domains of KHQ (p<0.001). Although the control group also showed improvement of the symptoms, the ENTP group presented a superior improvement at the end of the treatment in DM, OAB-V8 and most KHQ domains. PTNS was considered an effective treatment for OAB in 93.3%, while 33.3% of those treated with placebo was considered a responder (p=0.002). After 30 and 90 days, 53.3% and 33.31%, respectively, of the ENTP group reported that they maintained better SBHN symptoms. Conclusion: PTNS was an effective treatment for patients with PD and NOBS. Our hypothesis of clinical superiority of the ENTP group was confirmed and the subjective improvement was considered positive, even if partially at 30 and 90 days after the end of the treatment.!

Electrical Engineering;<br>M.S.E.E.;<br>Overactive bladder (OAB) is considered to be a disorder of the urinary bladder and is defined by the International Continence Society Terminology Committee as "urgency, with or without urge incontinence, usually with frequency and nocturia". There is some preliminary evidence using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) that the brain response to bladder filling in OAB patients is abnormal. The purpose of this research is to determine whether there are Central Nervous System (CNS) differences in modulating bladder function that contribute to, or are themselves the cause of the symptoms in OAB patients. We further investigated the pharmacological fMRI changes<br>Temple University--Theses

Introduction: The purpose of this research was to assess the relationship between the degree of incontinence severity and treatment seeking behavior, healthcare utilization, and work productivity; and to compare overactive bladder (OAB) related disease burden from a global perspective. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was administered to eligible participants with idiopathic OAB residing in Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, United Kingdom, and the United States. Participants were categorized into subgroups with dry, mild (1 leak/per day), moderate (2 leaks/day), and severe (3 leaks/day) urinary incontinence (UI) severity groups. Results: A total of 1,334 participants completed the survey. Persons with more severe urinary incontinence symptoms related to OAB consumed more healthcare resources, had a higher occurrence of OAB related clinical consequences, and higher work productivity loss compared to individuals with less severe symptoms. Even though OAB is associated with significant disease burden, many patients do not seek treatment.

Introdução: A investigação dos sintomas do trato urinário inferior se inicia, geralmente, pela história, exame físico e testes clínicos simples. Entretanto, esta investigação, muitas vezes, se mostra insuficiente para o diagnóstico correto da incontinência urinária. Nestes casos, a avaliação, ou estudo, urodinâmica (o) é realizada para confirmação do diagnóstico. No entanto, o melhor método para avaliação urodinâmica ainda não foi bem estabelecido. Apesar de a cistometria convencional ser considerada padrão ouro, e ser o método mais aceito para investigação de hiperatividade detrusora, o método de enchimento (retrógrado) da urodinâmica convencional permanece controverso. Por ser um enchimento não fisiológico, vários estudos têm demonstrado altos índices de falsos negativos em relação ao diagnóstico de hiperatividade detrusora. Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência de hiperatividade detrusora durante avaliação urodinâmica ambulatorial de pacientes encaminhadas ao ambulatório de uroginecologia do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre com sintoma de urgência e avaliação urodinâmica convencional normal. Métodos: Estudo transversal, no qual foram incluídas mulheres com idade superior a 19 anos, apresentando queixa de urgência, urge-incontinência ou incontinência mista, atendidas no ambulatório de uroginecologia do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre e que já realizaram avaliação urodinâmica convencional, cuja cistometria não tenha detectado hiperatividade detrusora. O cálculo do tamanho da amostra foi realizado no programa WinPEPI (Programs for Epidemiologists for Windows) versão 11.43 , baseado nos achados de um estudo piloto com 6 pacientes. Para um nível de confiança de 95%, uma prevalência de hiperatividade em avaliação urodinâmica ambulatorial estimada em 83% e uma margem de erro de 17%, obtevese um total mínimo de 19 pacientes. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5% (p≤0,05) e as análises foram realizadas no programa SPSS versão 21.0. Resultados: Vinte pacientes com sintomas de urgência e cistometria convencional normal foram submetidas à avaliação urodinâmica ambulatorial. A média de idade foi de 56 anos. Os sintomas mistos de urgência e incontinência por esforço foram mais prevalentes do que sintomas puros de urgência (18/20). A prevalência de hiperatividade detrusora em avaliação urodinâmica ambulatorial de pacientes com sintoma de urgência e com avaliação urodinâmica convencional normal foi de 70% (14/20). O intervalo de 95% de confiança para a verdadeira prevalência na população é de 48% a 87% Conclusão: A avaliação urodinâmica ambulatorial parece ter um papel importante na avaliação adicional de casos mais complexos de pacientes com disfunções do trato urinário, quando há falha diagnóstica e terapêutica – em especial na avaliação de hiperatividade detrusora. Foi encontrado um falso negativo de 70% na avaliação urodinâmica convencional. No entanto, tendo em vista o maior custo do equipamento e das sondas em relação ao convencional, mais estudos são necessários para a incorporação deste exame na prática clínica brasileira.<br>Introduction: The investigation of lower urinary tract symptoms usually starts with the history, physical exam and simple clinical tests. However, quite often this investigation is not sufficient for the correct diagnosis of urinary incontinence. In these cases, the urodynamic test is accomplished to confirm it. The best method to evaluate the urodynamic has not been established. In spite of the conventional cystometry being considered as the gold standard and being the most accepted investigative method for detrusor overactivity, the conventional retrograde filling urodynamic method of remains controversial. Since it is a non-physiologic filling, several studies have shown high rates of false negatives concerning the diagnosis of detrusor overactivity. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of detrusor overactivity during ambulatory urodynamic tests in symptomatic patients whose results of conventional urodynamic evaluation were normal. Methodology: The research subjects were women referred to the urogynecology service of Hospital de Clínicas, Porto Alegre, Brazil for further investigation due to urinary incontinence symptoms (overactive bladder syndrome, urge incontinence or mixed incontinence), whose conventional urodynamics results did not show any detrusor overactivity. The sample size was calculated using the WinPEPI program (Programs for Epidemiologists for Windows) 11.43 version and was based on the findings of a pilot study with 6 patients. Using a 95% confidence interval and an estimated urodynamic detrusor overactivity prevalence of 83% with a standard error of 17%, a sample size of 19 patients was obtained. A level of significance of 5% (p≤0.05) was considered. SPSS 21.0 version program was used to accomplish the statistical analysis. Results: A total of 20 women were included in this study. The mean age was 56.1 years, the mean body mass index was 29.7 and the mean time of the symptoms was 5 years. We found mixed urinary incontinence in 18 (90%) and urge incontinence in 2 (10%) patients. All conventional cystometry tests were normal; however, in 14 (70%) patients the ambulatory urodynamics was able to diagnose detrusor overactivity. Conclusion: The ambulatory urodynamics evaluation seems to have a major role in the additional evaluation of more complex cases of urinary tract dysfunctions, when there is a diagnostic and therapeutic flaw – especially in the evaluation of detrusor overactivity. We found 70 % of false negative in the conventional cystometry. However, having in mind the higher cost of the equipment and catheters in relation to the conventional one, more studies are necessary for the incorporation of this test in the Brazilian clinical practice.

Background: Urinary incontinence (UI) and urgency are common conditions and can have a profound influence on many aspects of life. Approximately one in four women has UI and one in ten has daily symptoms. Knowledge is lacking, however, on the impact of UI and urgency on the lives of affected women and their partners and on the situation of women with urinary leakage one year postoperatively. Aims: To study the consequences of female UI and urgency for patients and their partners on quality of life (QoL), the partner relationship, and their sexual lives. Also to evaluate the success rates of three operation methods: tension-free vaginal tape (TVT), tension-free vaginal tape-obturator (TVT-O), and transobturator tape (TOT) for stress urinary incontinence (SUI), with a particular focus on women who still have urinary leakage one year after surgery. Methods: Women seeking healthcare for UI and/or urgency and their partners were invited to answer questionnaires. The women completed disease-specific questionnaires and both the women (n = 206) and their partners (n = 109) answered questions about their psychosocial situation, partner relationship, and sexual life. Patient-reported outcomes one year after surgery with TVT, TVT-O, or TOT (n = 3334) were derived from the Swedish National Quality Register for Gynaecological Surgery. Results: Most of the women reported that their urinary problems negatively affected their physical activities, and almost half reported negative consequences for their social life. Women aged 25–49 years were less satisfied with their psychological health, sexual life, and leisure than women aged 50–74 years. One third of both the women and their partners (all the partners were men) experienced a negative impact on their relationship, and sexual life was negatively affected in almost half of the women and one in five of their men. Coital incontinence was reported in one third of the women. Most of their men did not consider this a problem, but the majority of the affected women did. Satisfaction with outcome of the operation did not differ between TVT, TVT-O, and TOT, but TVT showed a higher success rate for SUI than TOT did. Higher age, higher body mass index, a diagnosis of mixed urinary incontinence, and a history of urinary leakage in combination with urgency each constitute a risk for a lower operation success rate. After one year, 29% of the women still had some form of UI, but half of these were satisfied with the outcome and most reported fewer negative impacts on family, social, working, and sexual life than before the operation. Conclusions: Female UI and/or urgency impaired QoL, particularly in young women, and had negative effects on partner relationships and on some partners’ lives. Sexual life was also affected, more often in women with UI and/or urgency than in their partners. At one-year follow-up after surgery, about one third of the women still had some form of UI, but the negative impact on their lives was reduced. A challenge for health care professionals is to initiate a dialogue with women with urinary symptoms about sexual function and what surgery can realistically be expected to accomplish.

Orientador: Eliana Martorano Amaral<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T16:08:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Frederice_ClaudiaPignatti_M.pdf: 1640495 bytes, checksum: 0fb6fab5315024ff3608aa1c7eb6ac16 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010<br>Resumo: Objetivo: Avaliar a associação da função muscular do assoalho pélvico (AP) com a presença de sintomas urinários no terceiro trimestre gestacional de nulíparas e em primíparas 60 dias pós-parto. Sujeitos e método: Este é um estudo de coorte prospectivo, com análises tipo corte transversal para a gestação e para o puerpério, apresentadas nesta dissertação. Gestantes entre 30-34 semanas gestacionais de feto único, entre 18-35 anos, que faziam prénatal no CAISM-UNICAMP ou em Unidades Básicas de Saúde de Campinas, foram selecionadas. Gestantes que evoluíram para parto vaginal com episiotomia e cesariana após trabalho de parto foram avaliadas dois meses após o parto. Nos dois momentos estudados, foi registrada a medida da contração do AP por meio de eletromiografia de superfície - EMGs (tônus de base - TB, contração voluntária máxima - CVM e contração sustentada média - CSM), e por graduação de força muscular (graus 0-5). Avaliou-se a presença de sintomas urinários de noctúria, urgência e aumento de frequência urinária diurna (sintomas de Bexiga Hiperativa - BH), enurese, e incontinências de esforço e de urgência por meio de entrevista, na gestação e no pós-parto. Excluíram-se as mulheres com: dificuldade de compreensão, déficit motor/neurológico de membros inferiores, cirurgia pélvica prévia, diabetes, contraindicação para palpação vaginal e que praticavam exercícios para a musculatura do AP. Foram utilizados os testes qui-quadrado e Exato de Fisher para análise de proporções e o teste de Mann-Whitney para analisar diferenças de médias. Foram calculadas as razões de prevalência (RP) com intervalos de confiança (IC) de 95%. Resultados: Foram avaliadas 91 gestantes, em média com 32 semanas gestacionais e 24,3 anos. Os valores médios encontrados de TB, CVM e CSM foram 4,8µV, 19,2µV e 12,9µV, respectivamente e a maior parte das gestantes (48,4%) apresentou grau três de força muscular. O sintoma urinário mais prevalente foi a noctúria (80,2%), seguido do aumento de frequência urinária diurna (59,3%) e da incontinência urinária de esforço (50,5%). Observou-se associação entre a presença de sintomas de BH com menor TB. Não foi observada associação entre a presença de sintomas urinários com a graduação de força, com CVM e CSM. Gestantes da cor branca apresentaram prevalência 1,79 maior de incontinência urinária de esforço (RP bruta=1.79 [IC95% 1,12-2,87]). Entre as 46 puérperas avaliadas (43% submetidas ao parto vaginal e 57% à cesariana), em média 63,7 dias pós-parto, os valores médios encontrados de TB, CVM e CSM foram 3µV, 14,6µV e 10,3µV, respectivamente. A maior parte (56,5%) apresentou grau três de força muscular. Os sintomas mais prevalentes foram a noctúria (19,6%), urgência (13%) e o aumento de frequência urinária diurna (8,7%). Puérperas obesas e com sobrepeso tiveram 4,62 vezes mais sintomas de BH (RP bruta=4,62 [IC95% 1,15-18,5]). A perda urinária aos esforços foi a mais prevalente entre as incontinências, acometendo 6,5% das puérperas. Nenhuma outra característica, incluindo via de parto, associou-se aos sintomas de incontinência ou BH. Não foi observada associação entre a presença de sintomas urinários com os valores de EMGs ou graduação de força. Conclusão: Foi observado menor TB entre gestantes que apresentavam sintomas de BH. Não se observou associação entre as outras medidas de avaliação do AP com os sintomas urinários. Após o parto não se observou associação entre a graduação de força e EMGs do AP com os sintomas urinários<br>Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate the association between pelvic floor (PF) muscle function and urinary symptoms in the third trimester of pregnancy in nulliparous and primiparous 60 days postpartum. Subjects and method: A prospective cohort was conducted with cross-sectional analysis for pregnancy and the postpartum period presented in this dissertation. Pregnant women between 30-34 weeks of pregnancy of a single fetus, between 18-35 years, from antenatal clinics of UNICAMP-CAISM or from Primary Health Units of Campinas, were selected. Pregnant women who had a vaginal delivery with episiotomy and cesarean section after labor were assessed two months after birth. In both periods studied, PF muscle function was accessed by surface electromyography - sEMG (basic tonus-BT, maximum voluntary contraction-MVC average of sustained contraction- ASC), and by muscle strength grading (grades 0 -5). Were evaluated the presence of urinary symptoms of nocturia, urgency and increased daytime frequency (overactive bladder symptoms - OAB), enuresis, urge and stress urinary incontinence were identified through interview, during pregnancy and postpartum. Women excluded were those with: disability to understand, motor or neurological impairment of lower limb, pelvic surgery, diabetes, contraindication for vaginal palpation and practitioners of exercises for PF muscles. Chi-square and Fisher Exact test were used for analysis of proportions and the Mann-Whitney test to analyze differences in means. Prevalence ratios (PR) were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Ninety-one pregnant women were evaluated with an average of 32 weeks' pregnancy and 24.3 years. The average values of BT, MVC and ASC were: 4.8µV, 19.2µV and 12.9µV respectively, and most of the women (48.4%) presented muscle strength grade three. The most prevalent urinary symptom was nocturia (80.2%), followed by increased daytime frequency (59.3%) and stress urinary incontinence (50.5%). There was an association between symptoms of OAB with lower BT. There was no association between urinary symptoms and the degree of strength, with MVC e ASC. White pregnant women had a prevalence 1.79 higher of stress urinary incontinence (PR crude = 1.79 [95% CI 1.12 to 2.87]). Among the 46 mothers tested (43% with vaginal deliveries and cesarean sections 57%) on average 63.7 days postpartum, the mean values for BT, MVC and ASC were 3?V, 14.6µV and 10.3µV, respectively. Most women (56.5%) had grade three of muscle strength. The most prevalent symptoms were nocturia (19.6%), urgency (13%) and increased daytime urinary frequency (8.7%). Puerperal obese and overweight had 4.62 times more OAB symptoms (PR crude = 4.62 [95% CI 1.15 to 18.5]). The stress urinary incontinence was the most prevalent incontinence, affecting 6.5% of postpartum women. No other feature, including mode of delivery, was associated with symptoms of incontinence or OAB. There was no association between urinary symptoms and the degree of strength or PF sEMG values. Conclusion: A lower TB was observed among pregnant women with OAB symptoms. No association was observed between other measurement of PF muscle function and urinary symptoms. After delivery there was no association between the grading of muscle strength and PF sEMG with urinary symptoms<br>Mestrado<br>Ciencias Biomedicas<br>Mestre em Tocoginecologia

Trata-se de estudo quantitativo, do tipo descritivo e exploratório, de corte transversal, em que se utilizou inquérito populacional domiciliar, que teve por objetivo analisar a qualidade de vida de mulheres com bexiga hiperativa no município de Sorocaba/SP, verificar as correlações existentes entre os escores de QV e algumas variáveis sócio-demográficas e clínicas da amostra, além de verificar as correlações existentes entre os escores de QV e a Escala de Sintomas do KHQ. Foi utilizado um questionário sócio-demográfico e clínico e o questionário específico de QV King\'s Health Questionnaire (KHQ), sendo que o estudo foi aprovado previamente pelo Comitê de Ética da PUC/SP. A população do estudo foi constituída por 334 mulheres das quais foram selecionadas para a amostra as 33 que apresentaram os sintomas caracterizadores de bexiga hiperativa (BH) e que possibilitaram uma estimação da prevalência da mesma para o município. As entrevistas foram realizadas nos domicílios das mulheres e o banco de dados implantado com o uso do software SPSS versão 13.0 foi submetido às análises estatísticas através da análise de regressão linear categórica pelo método CATREG (Categorical Regression with Optimal Scaling), tendo sido realizadas por meio dos programas estatísticos GENSTAT for Windows versão 8, Sudaan 7.5 e NCSS 2007. Foram avaliadas as correlações não paramétricas entre os dados sócio-demográficos e clínicos e os domínios do KHQ pelo Coeficiente de postos de Spearman e foram avaliadas as significâncias do qui-quadrado do Teste de Hosmer-Lemeshow que variaram de 0,384 a 0,85; indicando bom ajuste dos modelos, que foi a forma escolhida para a organização das variáveis para a análise. O teste da razão de verossimilhança mostrou que a contribuição de cada variável nos modelos ajustados foi significante (p< 0,05). A presença ou não de multicolinearidade (alta correlação entre as variáveis independentes) foi testada em cada modelo. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5% e as estatísticas com p descritivo <= 0,05 foram consideradas significantes. As propriedades psicométricas do KHQ foram dadas pelo Alpha de Cronbach (LAVD=0,76; LF=0,42; LS=0,82; RP=0,98; AE=0,90; SD=0,83 e MG=0,80). Os sintomas considerados, em ordem de importância foram freqüência diurna, freqüência noturna, urge-incontinência e urgência, sendo que o teste de NagelKerke mostrou que essas características explicam 72% da variação da ocorrência de BH. Os domínios do KHQ com maiores escores médios foram II (49,49); SD (45,95); LAVD (40,40) e PGS (40,15). As variáveis referentes aos sintomas específicos de BH, \"freqüência diurna aumentada\", \"urgência\" e \"urge-incontinência\", tiveram uma associação positiva e significante com todos os domínios do KHQ, com destaque para II (R2 = 0,631), sendo que a UI foi a mais importante. A presença de diabetes mellitus, hipertensão, neuropatias, infecções do trato urinário, dores, climatério, idade mais avançada, constipação intestinal, cirurgias pélvicas prévias, paridade aumentada, pouca atividade sexual e pouca libido e o uso de bebidas alcoólicas, pimenta e cafeína estão estatisticamente relacionadas com a BH. O estudo concluiu que a BH contribui para uma piora significativa na qualidade de vida específica das mulheres de Sorocaba por ela acometidas<br>This study aims to analyze the quality of life (QoL) of the women with Overactive Bladder (OAB) according the ICS definition, verify the correlations between the Qol scores and the social, demographics and clinical characteristics of the sample, and verify the correlations between the KHQ scores and the symptoms scale. It was approved by the Ethical Committee and investigated 334 women in the female population that filled out a social, demographic and clinical questionnaire and the King´s Health Questionnaire (KHQ), a specific health related questionnaire to evaluate QOL and symptoms of women with urinary incontinence and OAB. Women with evaluable data were included (33) in this study and it were possible to assess the prevalence of OAB in the city. The interview were made at the women\'s home and the data was organized with the software SPSS version 13.0 and analysed with the Categorical Regression with Optimal Scaling (CATREG) by the stathistical programs GENSTAT for Windows versão 8, Sudaan 7.5 e NCSS 2007. It was evaluated the non parametric correlations between the KHQ domains and the social, demographic and clinical data by the Spearman Rank Correlation, the significances of the Qui-square of the Hosmer-Lemeshow Test ranging from 0,384-0,85 with a good adjustment of the models. The test shows that the contribution of any variables was significant (p<0,05). The psychometric properties were tested using the Cronbach\'s Alpha Coefficient (RL=0,76; PL=0,42; SL=0,82; PR=0,98; E=0,90; SE=0,83 e SM=0,80). The symptoms considered was diurnal urinary frequency, nocturnal frequency, urinary urge incontinence and urgency in this important sequence and the NagelKerk test shows that this characteristics explains 72% of the occurrence ranging of OAB. The KHQ domains with the high scores were UII (49,49), SE (45,95); RL (40,40) and GHP (40,15). The symptoms diurnal frequency, urgency, and urinary urge incontinence had a positive and significant association with the KHQ domains and the urinary urge incontinence was the best one (R2 = 0,631). Diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure, neurological problems, urinary tract infections, pain, perimenopausal symptoms, high age, constipation, pelvic surgery, many deliveries, few sexual relationships, few libido, alcoholic beverages, pepper and caffeine were statistical related with the OAB. The authors concluded that the OAB improves a significant worst in the women\'s HRQoL

INTRODUÇÃO: A Bexiga Hiperativa é uma síndrome de alta prevalência que acomete negativamente a qualidade de vida das mulheres. Os sintomas clínicos se manifestam por urgência miccional, com ou sem incontinência de urgência, frequência e nocturia. O diagnóstico é definido a partir dos sintomas clínicos, sendo o diário miccional um bom instrumento de avaliação. O tratamento fisioterapêutico da bexiga hiperativa tem como opções a eletroestimulação transcutânea do nervo tibial ou eletroestimulação vaginal. OBJETIVO: verificar se a adição da eletroestimulação vaginal à eletroestimulação transcutânea do nervo tibial é mais eficaz do que somente a eletroestimulação no nervo tibial para o tratamento de mulheres com bexiga hiperativa. MÉTODO: Estudo controlado aleatorizado com 106 mulheres, maiores de 18 anos, com diagnóstico de bexiga hiperativa ou incontinência urinária mista com predomínio dos sintomas de bexiga hiperativa. As pacientes foram distribuídas em dois grupos: Grupo 1: eletroestimulação transcutânea do nervo tibial (n=52) e Grupo 2: eletroestimulação vaginal mais eletroestimulação transcutânea do nervo tibial (n=54). Ambos os grupos foram orientados quanto à terapia comportamental. Os instrumentos de avaliação utilizados foram: Diário Miccional de três dias, avaliação funcional do assoalho pélvico, King´s Health Questionnaire e Overactive Bladder Questionnaire, todos aplicados por um avaliador cego, antes e após o tratamento que teve duração de 12 semanas, 1x/semana. O desfecho primário foi a frequência urinária em 24 horas. Os desfechos secundários foram os outros sintomas da bexiga hiperativa, o impacto na qualidade de vida e a funcionalidade do assoalho pélvico. RESULTADO: a frequência urinária no grupo 2 diminuiu em 1,5 vezes em relação ao grupo 1. Contudo este resultado não foi clinicamente relevante pois foi inferior a 3 micções. As outras variáveis do diário miccional bem como como o impacto na qualidade de vida, não apresentaram diferenças entre os grupos. CONCLUSÃO: a adição da eletroestimulação vaginal à eletroestimulação transcutânea do nervo tibial não apresentou resultados mais efetivos na melhora dos sintomas ou na qualidade de vida das pacientes com BH<br>INTRODUCTION: Overactive Bladder is a syndrome with a high prevalence that negatively affects women\'s quality of life. The clinical symptoms are manifested as urinary urgency, with or without urgency incontinence, frequency and nocturia. The diagnosis is defined based on the clinical symptoms, and the voiding diary is a good assessment. The physiotherapeutic treatment of OAB has as treatment\'s options the transcutaneous tibial nerve electrical stimulation or vaginal electrical stimulation. OBJECTIVE: to verify if the addition of vaginal electrical stimulation to transcutaneous tibial nerve electrical stimulation is more effective than only the electrical stimulation in the tibial nerve for the treatment of women with OAB. METHOD: Randomized controlled trial with 106 women over 18 years old with a diagnosis of overactive bladder or mixed urinary incontinence with predominance of overactive bladder symptoms. The patients were distributed into two groups: Group 1: transcutaneous tibial nerve electrical stimulation (n = 52) and Group 2: vaginal electrical stimulation plus transcutaneous tibial nerve electrical stimulation (n = 54). Both groups received instructions about behavioral therapy. The assessments used were: Three-day voiding diary, functional evaluation of pelvic floor, King\'s Health Questionnaire and Overactive Bladder Questionnaire, all of them applied by a blind evaluator, before and after 12-week treatment, once a week. The primary outcome was urinary frequency in 24 hours. Secondaries outcomes were other overactive bladder symptoms, impact in quality of life, and pelvic floor functionality. RESULTS: urinary frequency in group 2 decreased 1.5 times in relation to group 1. However, this result was not clinically relevant since it was less than 3 mictions. The other variables of voiding diary and impact on quality of life did not present differences between groups. CONCLUSION: The addition of vaginal electrical stimulation to transcutaneous tibial nerve electrical stimulation did not present more effective results in the improvement of symptoms or quality of life in patients with overactive bladder

Même s'il correspond à l'alternance entre une phase de remplissage et une phase de vidange de la vessie, le cycle mictionnel ne peut se résumer à une opération binaire mais implique bien la prise en compte constante de multiples facteurs : le niveau de remplissage du réservoir vésical, la sécurité de l'environnement dans lequel nous vivons, le contexte émotionnel dans lequel nous évoluons et les contraintes sociales auxquelles nous sommes soumis.On sait aujourd'hui qu'il existe des altérations et/ou des modifications de l'activité et de la connectivité cérébrales, ainsi que des changements dans la régulation du système nerveux autonome (SNA), dans certains types de troubles vésico-sphinctériens- notamment dans l'hyperactivité vésicale ou l'incontinence urinaire par urgenturie et dans certains types de troubles de la vidange vésicale.Parmi les thérapies disponibles aujourd'hui, les thérapies de modulation/stimulation électrique (neurostimulation tibiale et neuromodulation sacrée) semblent capables de normaliser et/ou de modifier l'activité et la connectivité cérébrales,ainsi que l'équilibre du SNA. Elles pourraient donc apporter, au moins, une réponse partielle à certaines des étiopathogénies sous-jacentes à ces troubles vésico-sphinctériens.Cependant, le déploiement et le positionnement de ces thérapies de modulation/stimulation électrique sont encore limités par une compréhension incomplète de leurs mécanismes d'action, une identification imparfaite des indications et des populations les plus susceptibles de bénéficier de ces thérapies, un manque de consensus sur le réglage du courant électrique délivré, et un manque d'évaluation à moyen et long terme.Dans la première partie, nous nous sommes interrogés sur les indications de ces thérapies, et notamment sur leur place dans l'approche préventive des dysfonctionnements vésico-sphinctériens secondaires à une lésion médullaire. Nous nous sommes également interrogés sur la relation, en termes d'efficacité, entre la neurostimulation tibiale transcutanée et la neuromodulation sacrée, afin de mieux soutenir les patients dans le processus de décision médicale partagée. Enfin, nousavons mis au point le premier outil permettant de prédire le succès de la neuromodulation sacrée en tant que traitement du trouble de la vidange vésicale.Dans la deuxième partie, nous nous sommes interrogés sur les mécanismes d'action, et plus particulièrement sur les changements dans l'équilibre du SNA en réponse à une stimulation aiguë de la racine sacrée.Dans la troisième partie, nous nous sommes interrogés sur le suivi à moyen terme (5 ans) après l'implantation définitive de la neuromodulation sacrée dans un bassin de population géographique, en recherchant les facteurs de risque d'abandon du suivi. Ces données, bien que devant encore être complétées par de futurs projets de recherche, nous permettront d'optimiser davantage les thérapies de modulation/stimulation électrique dans la prise en charge des troubles vésico-sphinctériens neurogènes et non neurogènes<br>Even if it involves alternating between a filling phase and an emptying phase, the normal micturition cycle cannot be summed up as a binary operation but involves the constant consideration of multiple factors: the filling level of the bladder reservoir, the safety of the environment in which we live, the emotional context in which we evolve and the social constraints to which we are subjected.We now know that there are alterations and/or modifications in brain activity and connectivity, as well as changes in the regulation of the autonomic nervous system, in certain types of lower urinary tract dysfunction - notably in overactive bladder or urge urinary incontinence and in certain types of voiding dysfunctions. Among the therapies available today, electrical modulation/stimulation therapies (tibial neurostimulation and sacral neuromodulation) appear able to normalize and/or modify brain activity and connectivity, as well as ANS balance. They could thus provide at least a partial response to some of the etiopathogenies underlying these lower urinary tract dysfunctions. However, the deployment and positioning of these electrical modulation/stimulation therapies are still limited by an incomplete understanding of their mechanisms of action, imperfect identification of the indications and populations most likely to benefit from these therapies, a lack of consensus on the setting of the electrical current delivered, and a lack of medium and long-term evaluation. In the first part, we questioned the indications for these therapies, and particularly their place as a preventive approach for lower urinary tract dysfunctions due to spinal cord injury. We also questioned the relation, in terms of efficacy, between transcutaneous tibial neurostimulation and sacral neuromodulation, to better support patients in shared medical decision-making processe. Finally, we developed the first tool to predict the success of sacral neuromodulation as a treatment for voiding dysfunction. In the second part, we questioned the mechanisms of action, and more specifically the changes in the balance of the autonomic nervous system in response to an acute S3 sacral root stimulation.In the third part, we questioned the mid-term follow-up (5 years) after definitive implantation of sacral neuromodulation in a geographic population pool, looking for risk factors for discontinuation of follow-up. These data, although still to be supplemented by future research projects, will enable us to further optimize electrical modulation/stimulation therapies in the management of neurogenic and non-neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunctions

Trabalho Final do Mestrado Integrado em Medicina apresentado à Faculdade de Medicina<br>O caso clínico descrito é o de uma doente de 41 anos, com esclerose múltipla, que descreve, desde há três anos, episódios frequentes de incontinênca urinária de urgência, noctúria, frequência urinária e incontinência para gases e fezes. A história clínica e os exames complementares sugerem um diagnóstico de bexiga hiperactiva neurogénica associada a incontinência fecal e para gases. Numa primeira abordagem foram instituídas medidas comportamentais e terapêutica médica com anticolinérgicos. Após falência da terapêutica inicial foi proposta para neuromodulação sagrada. Foi submetida a uma fase de teste de cerca de quatro semanas, com melhoria significativa das queixas, tendo assim indicação formal para a implantação definitva. Encontra-se actualmente com o dispositivo definitivo há sete meses, apresentando uma melhoria de todos os sintomas iniciais: diminuição da frequência urinária para metade, sem episódios de incontinência urinária, de noctúria nem de incontinência para fezes ou gases. A doente refere dor no local onde se encontra implantado o dispositivo, que é uma das complicações descritas associadas a este procedimento.<br>This is a case of a 41 years old patient, with multiple sclerosis, presenting a three years old history of episodes of urinary urgency incontinence, nocturia, frequency and fecal and gas incontinence. Both the history and the results of the complementary diagnostics tests suggested the diagnosis of neurogenic overactive bladder with fecal and gas incontinence. The first aproach consisted of behavioral therapy and pharmacotherapy with anticholinergics. Due to the failure of the initial therapy she was proposed for sacral neuromodulation. After a four weeks phase test, she presented a significant improvement, having indication to implant the definitive device. At the moment, she has the device for seven months, and presents an improvement of all the initial symptoms: the frequency was reduced to half, with no episodes of urinary incontinence, nocturia, or fecal and gas incontinence. The patient mentioned pain at the site of the device implantation, wich is one of the complications of the procedure.

Trabalho Final do Mestrado Integrado em Medicina apresentado à Faculdade de Medicina<br>O caso clínico relatado é de uma doente de 38 anos, a quem foi diagnosticada Esclerose Múltipla em 2002. Começou a ser seguida em consulta de Urologia em 2011 por quadro de incontinência urinária de urgência, frequência urinária aumentada e noctúria. Apresentava também incontinência para gases e fezes. O estudo efetuado permitiu estabelecer o diagnóstico de bexiga hiperativa neurogénica e incontinência fecal secundária à Esclerose Múltipla. A abordagem inicial passou pela introdução de medidas comportamentais, treino vesical e exercícios de treino muscular do pavimento pélvico; realizou ainda terapêutica farmacológica com anticolinérgicos, sem melhorias. Em 2011 iniciou terapêutica intravesical com toxina botulínica tipo A, com melhoria clínica. Porém, a necessidade de injeções repetidas não era sustentável como terapêutica de longo prazo. Foi proposta a neuromodulação sagrada, sendo colocado neuromodulador provisório em 2013, com sucesso na fase de teste, o que culmina no implante do neuromodulador definitivo cerca de quatro semanas depois, em 2014. Por término de longevidade do dispositivo definitivo inicial, foi implantado um segundo neuromodulador em 2019. É seguida anualmente em consulta, afirmando uma melhoria da qualidade de vida e de todos os sintomas iniciais: diminuição para mais de metade dos episódios de frequência e urge-incontinência. Refere episódios raros de noctúria e nega incontinência fecal. Refere ainda não ter qualquer desconforto ou dor na região de implante do neuromodulador, dos efeitos secundários descritos, o mais frequente.<br>This is the case of a 38-year-old patient with the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis in may of 2002. Begins the follow-up with Urology in march of 2011, presenting urinary urgency incontinence, urinary frequency and nocturia, associated with fecal and gas incontinence. The studies established the diagnostic of neurogenic overactive bladder and fecal incontinence secondary to multiple sclerosis.The initial approach included the introduction of behavioral measures, bladder control and pelvic floor exercises; pharmacotherapy with anticholinergics was also associated, with no success. In 2011, starts intradetrusor injections of Botulinum toxin A, despite improving symptoms, it was not a long-term therapy option, considering the necessity of repeating the procedure. After failure of previous therapies, the patient was proposed for sacral neuromodulation – the first stage was done in december of 2013; after 4 weeks, success in the phase test meant the patient could proceed to permanent neuromodulator implantation, in january of 2014. Due to end of longevity of the first neuromodulator, it was implanted a second one, that the patient has since 2019. In the time between device replacement, all the symptons got worse. During annual follow-up consultations, affirms improvement of all symptoms and of quality of life: frequency and urge incontinence episodes reduced to more than half and no episodes of fecal or gas incontinence. Maintains rare episodes of nocturia. Does not present with implant site pains, the most frequent related adverse events.