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Journal articles on the topic 'Overdose'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Hacker, Karen, Latika Davis Jones, LuAnn Brink, et al. "Linking Opioid-Overdose Data to Human Services and Criminal Justice Data: Opportunities for Intervention." Public Health Reports 133, no. 6 (2018): 658–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033354918803938.

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Objectives: In Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, the incidence of opioid-related overdose deaths increased from 17.4 per 100 000 population in 2008 to 23.9 per 100 000 population in 2014. Our objectives were to describe local demographic characteristics of this epidemic, identify public human services targets for intervention, determine temporal relationships between use of public human services and overdose mortality, and provide recommendations about potentially beneficial interventions. Methods: We used autopsy data from the Allegheny County Medical Examiner to link people who died of overdos

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2

Latkin, Carl A., Lauren Dayton, Melissa Davey-Rothwell, and Abenaa Jones. "The Relationship Between Methadone and Buprenorphine Enrollment and Overdose Prevention and Treatment Behaviors Among a Community Sample of People Who Use Opioids in Baltimore, Maryland." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 22, no. 2 (2025): 213. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22020213.

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Background: Methadone and buprenorphine can reduce overdose-related mortality. Behavioral approaches can also reduce fatal overdoses. The current study examined the relationship between methadone and buprenorphine and overdose history and overdose prevention and treatment behaviors. Methods: Between December 2022 and August 2024, 647 individuals who used opioids in the prior month enrolled in a community recruited study on overdose. Participants were administered a face-to-face survey. Key behaviors assessed included overdose recency, testing drugs for potency, ingesting drugs slowly, using fe

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3

Marziali, Megan E., Katherine W. Kooij, Wendy Zhang, et al. "Fatal overdoses among people with HIV experiencing nonfatal overdoses in British Columbia, Canada." AIDS 39, no. 3 (2025): 328–30. https://doi.org/10.1097/qad.0000000000004039.

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The breadth of the overdose crisis is underestimated because of a lack of quantifying nonfatal overdoses. We estimate the proportion of nonfatal overdoses among all people with HIV (PWH) in British Columbia, Canada, and the prevalence of fatal overdoses among people who had a nonfatal overdose, stratified by sex. A small proportion of PWH who experienced a nonfatal overdose subsequently died of a fatal overdose, signaling opportunities for crucial interventions and treatment to prevent overdose death.

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Baca-García, Enrique, Carmen Diaz-Sastre, Jeronimo Saiz-Ruiz, and Jose de Leon. "How safe are psychiatric medications after a voluntary overdose?" European Psychiatry 17, no. 8 (2002): 466–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(02)00706-x.

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SummaryPurpose.This study assessed psychiatric medications and their potential lethality in a representative sample of suicide attempts.Materials and methods.During 1996–98, 563 suicide attempts were studied in a general hospital in Madrid (Spain). Medication overdose was used in 456 suicide attempts (81%). The ratio between dose taken and maximum prescription dose recommended was used to evaluate the medication toxicity.Results.Benzodiazepines were the drugs most often used in self-poisoning (65% of overdoses), followed by new antidepressants (11%), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) (10%), and

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Griffith, Jennifer, Laura C. Chambers, Benjamin D. Hallowell, et al. "Examination of the Accuracy of Existing Overdose Surveillance Systems." JAMA Network Open 6, no. 6 (2023): e2320789. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.20789.

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ImportanceHealth departments have used a variety of methods for overdose surveillance, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is implementing a standardized case definition to improve overdose surveillance nationally. The comparative accuracy of the CDC opioid overdose case definition vs existing state opioid overdose surveillance systems is unknown.ObjectiveTo evaluate the accuracy of the CDC opioid overdose case definition and existing Rhode Island Department of Health (RIDOH) state opioid overdose surveillance system.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional st

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6

Espelt, Albert, Gregorio Barrio, Dolores Álamo-Junquera, et al. "Lethality of Opioid Overdose in a Community Cohort of Young Heroin Users." European Addiction Research 21, no. 6 (2015): 300–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000377626.

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Background: The aim of the study was to estimate the lethality of opioid overdose among young heroin users. Methods: A prospective community cohort study was conducted in Barcelona and Madrid, Spain. Participants included 791 heroin users aged 18-30 years who were followed up between 2001 and 2006. Fatal overdoses were identified by record linkage of the cohort with the general mortality register, while non-fatal overdoses were self-reported at baseline and follow-up interviews. The person-years (py) at risk were computed for each participant. Fatal and non-fatal overdose rates were estimated

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7

Samuels, Elizabeth A., William Goedel, Lauren Conkey, et al. "41538 Characterizing Opioid Overdose Hotspots for Targeted Overdose Prevention and Treatment." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 5, s1 (2021): 84–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2021.619.

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ABSTRACT IMPACT: Identifying factors associated with opioid overdoses will enable better resource allocation in communities most impacted by the overdose epidemic. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Opioid overdoses often occur in hotspots identified by geographic and temporal trends. This study uses principles of community engaged research to identify neighborhood and community-level factors associated with opioid overdose within overdose hotspots which can be targets for novel intervention design. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We conducted an environmental scan in three overdose hotspots’‘ two in an urban center

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von Borstel, R., J. O'Neil, and M. Bamat. "Vistonuridine: An orally administered, life-saving antidote for 5-fluorouracil (5FU) overdose." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (2009): 9616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.9616.

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9616 Background: 5FU is widely used to treat solid tumors and is often administered via infusion pump at or near its maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Toxicities and even death can occur in patients over-exposed to 5FU. Uridine is a direct biochemical antagonist of 5FU toxicity; uridine nucleotides dilute intracellular fluorouridine nucleotides derived from 5FU, reducing their lethal incorporation into RNA. However, uridine is poorly bioavailable (7%) and is therefore not a clinically viable antidote. Vistonuridine is an orally administered prodrug of uridine that delivers approximately 8-fold mor

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9

Falade-Nwulia, Oluwaseun, Kathleen Ward, Karla D. Wagner, et al. "Loneliness and fearfulness are associated with non-fatal drug overdose among people who inject drugs." PLOS ONE 19, no. 2 (2024): e0297209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0297209.

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Background People who inject drugs (PWID) experience high rates of drug overdose death with the risk of mortality increasing after each non-fatal event. Racial differences exist in drug overdose rates, with higher rates among Black people who use drugs. Psychological factors may predict drug overdose. Methods Cross-sectional data from a survey administered to PWID in Baltimore, MD enrolled in a social network-based intervention were analyzed. Linear regression methods with generalized estimating equations were used to analyze data from indexes and network members to assess for psychological fa

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Whipple, Julianne K., Edward J. Quebbeman, Kelly S. Lewis, Mark S. Gottlieb, and Robert K. Ausman. "Difficulties in Diagnosing Narcotic Overdoses in Hospitalized Paitents." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 28, no. 4 (1994): 446–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002809402800403.

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OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical presentation of narcotic overdose in hospitalized patients and to differentiate this circumstance from other conditions often misdiagnosed as overdose. DESIGN: Case series. SETTING: Two acute-care teaching hospitals. PATIENTS: Forty-three hospitalized patients who received naloxone for a clinically suspected narcotic overdose. INTERVENTIONS: Two investigators independently evaluated each incident to determine whether the patient had a narcotic overdose. The patients were judged to have had an overdose if caregivers documented an immediate improvementin menta

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Athavale, Vinit, Cameron Green, Kai Zheong Lim, Caroline Wong, and Ravindranath Tiruvoipati. "Characteristics and outcomes of patients with drug overdose requiring admission to Intensive Care Unit." Australasian Psychiatry 25, no. 5 (2017): 489–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1039856217706824.

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Objective: Approximately 20% of patients admitted to hospital with drug overdose will require intensive care unit (ICU) admission. An understanding of the characteristics of these patients may assist with their management and identify those patients at risk of multiple hospital presentations due to drug overdose. Our aim was to examine the characteristics of patients admitted to ICU following drug overdoses and identify the predictors of multiple hospital presentations due to drug overdose. Methods: Patients admitted to a metropolitan ICU over a three-year period following drug overdoses were

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Maurano, Megan, David Bukusi, Sarah Masyuko, et al. "“We only trust each other”: A qualitative study exploring the overdose risk environment among persons who inject drugs living with HIV in Nairobi, Kenya." PLOS Global Public Health 4, no. 7 (2024): e0003435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0003435.

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In Kenya, overdose remains a major public health concern with approximately 40% of persons who inject drugs (PWID) reporting personal overdoses. PWID living with HIV (PWID-LH) are particularly vulnerable to experiencing fatal and non-fatal overdoses because of the surrounding physical, social, economic, and political environments, which are not fully understood in Kenya. Through qualitative inquiry, this study characterizes Kenya’s overdose risk environment. Participants were purposively recruited from a larger cohort study from September to December 2018 using the following inclusion criteria

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13

Canning, Peter, Suzanne Doyon, Sarah Ali, et al. "Using Surveillance With Near–Real-Time Alerts During a Cluster of Overdoses From Fentanyl-Contaminated Crack Cocaine, Connecticut, June 2019." Public Health Reports 136, no. 1_suppl (2021): 18S—23S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00333549211015662.

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In 2019, Connecticut launched an opioid overdose–monitoring program to provide rapid intervention and limit opioid overdose–related harms. The Connecticut Statewide Opioid Response Directive (SWORD)—a collaboration among the Connecticut State Department of Public Health, Connecticut Poison Control Center (CPCC), emergency medical services (EMS), New England High Intensity Drug Trafficking Area (HIDTA), and local harm reduction groups—required EMS providers to call in all suspected opioid overdoses to the CPCC. A centralized data collection system and the HIDTA overdose mapping tool were used t

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14

Aljefri, Ahmed Amin, Saud Faisal Nahhs, Rawan Mattouk Kheimi, et al. "An Overview of Acute Drug Overdose and Poisoning in Emergency Medicine." Journal of Healthcare Sciences 04, no. 10 (2024): 455–62. https://doi.org/10.52533/johs.2024.41003.

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Acute drug overdose and poisoning are critical concerns in emergency medicine, often arising from both intentional and unintentional exposures to harmful substances. Poisoning occurs when a substance causes harm through its chemical effects, whereas an overdose usually involves taking an excessive amount of drugs, whether by accident or on purpose. The rising incidence of drug overdoses, particularly involving opioids, sedatives and stimulants, poses significant challenges to healthcare providers. Risk factors for overdose include individual characteristics such as male gender, chronic health

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15

Hallowell, Benjamin D., Laura C. Chambers, Jason Rhodes, Melissa Basta, Samara Viner-Brown, and Leanne Lasher. "Using Emergency Medical Services Data to Monitor Nonfatal Opioid Overdoses in Real Time." Public Health Reports 136, no. 1_suppl (2021): 40S—46S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00333549211018989.

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Objective No case definition exists that allows public health authorities to accurately identify opioid overdoses using emergency medical services (EMS) data. We developed and evaluated a case definition for suspected nonfatal opioid overdoses in EMS data. Methods To identify suspected opioid overdose–related EMS runs, in 2019 the Rhode Island Department of Health (RIDOH) developed a case definition using the primary impression, secondary impression, selection of naloxone in the dropdown field for medication given, indication of medication response in a dropdown field, and keyword search of th

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Bambi, Jonas, Kehinde Olobatuyi, Yudi Santoso, et al. "Use of Patterns of Service Utilization and Hierarchical Survival Analysis in Planning and Providing Care for Overdose Patients and Predicting the Time-to-Second Overdose." Knowledge 4, no. 3 (2024): 444–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/knowledge4030024.

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Individuals from a variety of backgrounds are affected by the opioid crisis. To provide optimal care for individuals at risk of opioid overdose and prevent subsequent overdoses, a more targeted response that goes beyond the traditional taxonomical diagnosis approach to care management needs to be adopted. In previous works, Graph Machine Learning and Natural Language Processing methods were used to model the products for planning and evaluating the treatment of patients with complex issues. This study proposes a methodology of partitioning patients in the opioid overdose cohort into various co

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Olding, Michelle, Andrew Ivsins, Samara Mayer, et al. "A Low-Barrier and Comprehensive Community-Based Harm-Reduction Site in Vancouver, Canada." American Journal of Public Health 110, no. 6 (2020): 833–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2020.305612.

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“The Molson” is a low-barrier, peer-staffed, supervised consumption site located in Vancouver, Canada. In addition to overdose response, this site offers drug checking and a colocated injectable hydromorphone treatment program, and it distributes tablet and liquid hydromorphone to service users at high risk of overdose. Our evaluation suggests benefits of this program in creating service continuums and preventing overdose deaths. From September 2017 to August 2019, the site had 128 944 visits, reversed 770 overdoses, and had no overdose deaths.

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Mark, Tami L., and Benjamin D. Huber. "Drug Overdose Deaths Among Medicaid Beneficiaries." JAMA Health Forum 5, no. 12 (2024): e244365. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamahealthforum.2024.4365.

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ImportanceMedicaid programs have expanded coverage of substance use disorder treatment and undertaken many other initiatives to reduce drug overdoses among beneficiaries. However, to date, no information has been published that tracks overdose deaths among the Medicaid population.ObjectiveTo determine the rate of drug overdose among Medicaid beneficiaries.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this cross-sectional study, US Centers for Medicare &amp;amp; Medicaid Services data from 2016 to 2020 that linked enrollment and demographic data from all Medicaid beneficiaries in the US with the US C

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Lombardi, Alexa Rose, Ritikraj Arya, Joseph G. Rosen, et al. "Overdose Detection Technologies to Reduce Solitary Overdose Deaths: A Literature Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 2 (2023): 1230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021230.

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Drug overdoses were a leading cause of injury and death in the United States in 2021. Solitary drug use and solitary overdose deaths have remained persistent challenges warranting additional attention throughout the overdose epidemic. The goal of this narrative review is to describe recent global innovations in overdose detection technologies (ODT) enabling rapid responses to overdose events, especially for people who use drugs alone. We found that only a small number of technologies designed to assist in overdose detection and response are currently commercially available, though several are

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Tiesman, Hope M., Srinivas Konda, Lauren Cimineri, and Dawn N. Castillo. "Drug overdose deaths at work, 2011–2016." Injury Prevention 25, no. 6 (2019): 577–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2018-043104.

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Drug overdose fatalities have risen sharply and the impact on US workplaces has not been described. This paper describes US workplace overdose deaths between 2011 and 2016. Drug overdose deaths were identified from the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries and fatality rates calculated using denominators from the Current Population Survey. Fatality rates were compared among demographic groups and industries. Negative binomial regression was used to analyse trends. Between 2011 and 2016, 760 workplace drug overdoses occurred for a fatality rate of 0.9 per 1 000 000 full-time equivalents (FTEs).

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Hartz, Sarah M., Robert C. Culverhouse, Carrie M. Mintz, et al. "Association between recent overdose and chronic pain among individuals in treatment for opioid use disorder." PLOS ONE 17, no. 11 (2022): e0271379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271379.

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Chronic pain increases risk for opioid overdose among individuals with opioid use disorder. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between recent overdose and whether or not chronic pain is active. 3,577 individuals in treatment for opioid use disorder in 2017 or 2018 were surveyed regarding recent overdoses and chronic pain. Demographics from the 2017 Treatment Episode Data Set, which includes all U.S. facilities licensed or certified to provide substance use care, were used to evaluate the generalizability of the sample. χ2 tests and logistic regression models were used to

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Whipple, Julianne K., Robert K. Ausman, and Edward J. Quebbeman. "Narcotic Use in the Hospital: Reasonably Safe?" Annals of Pharmacotherapy 26, no. 7-8 (1992): 897–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002809202600705.

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OBJECTIVE: To determine the causes and frequency of overdoses associated with the administration of opioid analgesics in hospitalized patients. DESIGN: Case series. SETTING: Two acute care teaching hospitals. PATIENTS: Eighty-one hospitalized patients who received naloxone for a clinically suspected narcotic overdose. INTERVENTIONS: Three investigators reviewed each patient who received naloxone during a 12-month period. The patients were judged to have a narcotic overdose if caregivers documented an immediate improvement in mental status, respiratory rate, or blood pressure after naloxone adm

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Fernando, Irosh. "Predicting serum drug level using the principles of pharmacokinetics after an overdose: a case of lithium overdose." Australasian Psychiatry 25, no. 4 (2017): 391–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1039856216689624.

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Objective: In cases of drug overdose, clinicians often find it challenging to predict serum drug level and decide the optimum time for recommencing the overdosed drug. Method: This paper describes how to predict serum drug level using the principles of pharmacokinetics. Results: The proposed method and recommencement of the overdosed drug is demonstrated using a clinical case of lithium overdose. Conclusion: The proposed method can assist clinicians in predicting serum drug levels and deciding the optimum time for recommencing the overdosed drug safely. Therefore, it may reduce unnecessary rep

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Jian, Low Qin. "A Fatal Case of Metformin and Gliclazide Poisoning and its Management." Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences (BJMS) 11, no. 3 (2017): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.51200/bjms.v11i3.978.

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Both metformin and gliclazide have been used extensively in the management of type II diabetes mellitus.Â Metformin and gliclazide overdoseÂ can lead to severe hypoglycaemia refractory to intravenous (IV) dextrose rescue therapy. A 21-year-old man complained of vomiting and felt dizzy after four hours of taking 70 tablets of Metformin 500 mg and 40 tablets of Gliclazide 80 mg. He had major depressive disorder and wanted to commit suicide. He was given IV Dextrose 50% 50 cc immediately. Octreotide had been used successfully to reverse the refractory hypoglycaemia caused by gliclazide overdose.

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Sivaraman, Josie J., Scott K. Proescholdbell, David Ezzell, and Meghan E. Shanahan. "Characterizing Opioid Overdoses Using Emergency Medical Services Data." Public Health Reports 136, no. 1_suppl (2021): 62S—71S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00333549211026802.

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Objectives Tracking nonfatal overdoses in the escalating opioid overdose epidemic is important but challenging. The objective of this study was to create an innovative case definition of opioid overdose in North Carolina emergency medical services (EMS) data, with flexible methodology for application to other states’ data. Methods This study used de-identified North Carolina EMS encounter data from 2010-2015 for patients aged >12 years to develop a case definition of opioid overdose using an expert knowledge, rule-based algorithm reflecting whether key variables identified drug use/poisonin

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Lasher, Leanne, Benjamin D. Hallowell, Laura C. Chambers, et al. "Using Timely Overdose Data to Address a Spike in Nonfatal Overdoses and Inform a Coordinated Community-Level Response in Rhode Island, 2019." Public Health Reports 136, no. 1_suppl (2021): 24S—30S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00333549211012407.

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The Rhode Island Department of Health (RIDOH) uses emergency department data to monitor nonfatal opioid overdoses in Rhode Island. In April 2019, RIDOH detected an increase in nonfatal opioid overdoses in Woonsocket, Rhode Island, and sent an alert to state and local partners (eg, fire departments, emergency departments, faith leaders) with guidance on how to respond. To guide community-level, strategic response efforts, RIDOH analyzed surveillance data to identify overdose patterns, populations, and geographic areas most affected. During April–June 2019, nonfatal opioid overdoses in Woonsocke

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Lax-Pericall, M. T., and A. Cox. "The consequences of maternal overdoses on children." Psychiatric Bulletin 20, no. 11 (1996): 648–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.20.11.648.

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The children of women who take overdoses may suffer due to the same factors that predispose to the overdose, to witnessing the event and the immediate and long-term consequences of it. We examined what arrangements had been made for the children of 21 women admitted to hospital after an overdose, and enquired into the explanation that the mother planned to give the children. Children of mothers with psychiatric disorder were more likely to have witnessed the overdose. Mothers preferred that the children did not know about the overdose. The importance of this for the psychological development o

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Borgemenke, Samuel. "Factors Related to Drug Overdose Deaths in Ohio." Ohio Journal of Public Health 5, no. 2 (2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.18061/ojph.v5i2.8885.

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Background: Drug overdoses have had a devastating impact on public health in Ohio. Improving our understand-ing of the relationships between factors that are associated with drug overdose deaths can enhance the quality of public policy and health care reach in Ohio. Methods: Utilizing data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute, this research seeks to quantify the associations between the drug overdose rate for counties in Ohio with various factors via statistical regressions. Results: The overwhelming majority of drug/

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King, Brian, Ruchi Patel, and Andrea Rishworth. "Assessing the Relationships Between COVID-19 Stay-at-Home Orders and Opioid Overdoses in the State of Pennsylvania." Journal of Drug Issues 51, no. 4 (2021): 648–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220426211006362.

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COVID-19 is compounding opioid use disorder throughout the United States. While recent commentaries provide useful policy recommendations, few studies examine the intersection of COVID-19 policy responses and patterns of opioid overdose. We examine opioid overdoses prior to and following the Pennsylvania stay-at-home order implemented on April 1, 2020. Using data from the Pennsylvania Overdose Information Network, we measure change in monthly incidents of opioid-related overdose pre- versus post-April 1, and the significance of change by gender, age, race, drug class, and naloxone doses admini

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Geier, Michelle, and James J. Gasper. "Naloxone prescribing by psychiatric clinical pharmacists for patients receiving opioid agonist treatment." Mental Health Clinician 5, no. 1 (2015): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.9740/mhc.2015.01.046.

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Take-home naloxone is an important intervention for addressing opioid overdoses. Patients with a history of a substance use disorder are at an elevated risk of experiencing an overdose, and even in substance-abuse treatment, they may continue to witness peer overdoses. The purpose of this innovative practice was for psychiatric clinical pharmacists to improve access to intranasal naloxone and provide opioid overdose prevention training for patients receiving opioid agonist treatment (OAT). This program took place at a San Francisco Department of Public Health pharmacy that provides OAT (bupren

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Hess, Gregory S., and Charlie H. Zhang. "Clustering Patterns and Hot Spots of Opioid Overdoses in Louisville, Kentucky." International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research 13, no. 1 (2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijagr.298303.

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Using data obtained from the Louisville Metro Emergency Medical Services, this article examined the spatial and temporal patterns of opioid overdoses in Louisville, Kentucky. We aggregated opioid overdoses to street segments and applied the optimized hot spot analysis to identify areas with significant high overdose rates. Multiple spatial regression models were used to explore the ecological risk factors potentially associated with the spatial variations of the epidemic. The results suggest an overall clustered pattern of opioid overdoses with all overdose incidents concentrated in less than

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Burgess-Hull, Albert J., Kirsten E. Smith, Leigh V. Panlilio, et al. "Nonfatal opioid overdoses before and after Covid-19: Regional variation in rates of change." PLOS ONE 17, no. 3 (2022): e0263893. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263893.

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Background The Covid-19 pandemic and its accompanying public-health orders (PHOs) have led to (potentially countervailing) changes in various risk factors for overdose. To assess whether the net effects of these factors varied geographically, we examined regional variation in the impact of the PHOs on counts of nonfatal overdoses, which have received less attention than fatal overdoses, despite their public health significance. Methods Data were collected from the Overdose Detection Mapping Application Program (ODMAP), which recorded suspected overdoses between July 1, 2018 and October 25, 202

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Savage, Mark, Ross Kung, Cameron Green, Brandon Thia, Dinushka Perera, and Ravindranath Tiruvoipati. "Predictors of ICU admission and long-term outcomes in overdose presentations to Emergency Department." Australasian Psychiatry 28, no. 1 (2020): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1039856219889317.

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Objective: To describe the characteristics of patients presenting to an Emergency Department (ED) following overdoses; to identify risk factors for intensive care unit (ICU) admission among these patients; and to identify the rate of mortality and repeat overdose presentations over four years. Methods: Adult patients presenting to ED following drug overdose during 2014 were included. Data were collected from medical notes and hospital databases. Results: During the study period, 654 patients presented to ED 800 times following overdose. Seventy-eight (9.8%) resulted in ICU admission, and 59 (7

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Vivolo-Kantor, Alana, Emilia Pasalic, Stephen Liu, Pedro D. Martinez, and Robert Matthew Gladden. "Defining indicators for drug overdose emergency department visits and hospitalisations in ICD-10-CM coded discharge data." Injury Prevention 27, Suppl 1 (2021): i56—i61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043521.

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IntroductionThe drug overdose epidemic has worsened over the past decade; however, efforts have been made to better understand and track nonfatal overdoses using various data sources including emergency department and hospital admission data from billing and discharge files.Methods and findingsThe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has developed surveillance case definition guidance using standardised discharge diagnosis codes for public health practitioners and epidemiologists using lessons learnt from CDC’s funded recipients and the Council for State and Territorial Epidemiolog

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Raheemullah, MD, Amer, and Neal Andruska, MD, PhD. "Fentanyl analogue overdose: Key lessons in management in the synthetic opioid age." Journal of Opioid Management 15, no. 5 (2019): 428–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jom.2019.0531.

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Fentanyl overdoses are growing at an alarming rate. Fentanyl is often mixed into heroin and counterfeit prescription opioid pills without the customer’s knowledge and only detected upon laboratory analysis. This is problematic because fentanyl analogues like carfentanil are 10,000 times more potent than morphine and pose new challenges to opioid overdose management. A 62-year-old male with an overdose from a rare fentanyl analogue, acrylfentanyl, was given two doses of intranasal 2 mg naloxone with improvements in respiratory rate. In lieu of more naloxone, his trachea was intubated and he was

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Ungureanu, Raluca, Ana-Maria Dumitriu, Cristian Cobilinschi, et al. "An Atypical Case of Rhabdomyolysis Following an Atypical Antidepressant Overdose." Journal of Clinical Medicine 14, no. 1 (2025): 276. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14010276.

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Background: Bupropion, an atypical antidepressant and smoking cessation aid, is known for its potential to cause seizures, cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity in overdose scenarios. However, overdoses may present variably, and muscular and renal complications, such as rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury (AKI), can emerge in unexpected ways. Previous reports have shown that severe overdoses can lead to a spectrum of complications, but the precise mechanisms linking bupropion overdose with rhabdomyolysis remain poorly understood. Clinical presentation: This paper presents the management of a sev

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Palis, Heather, Wenqi Gan, Chloe Xavier, et al. "Association of Opioid and Stimulant Use Disorder Diagnoses With Fatal and Nonfatal Overdose Among People With a History of Incarceration." JAMA Network Open 5, no. 11 (2022): e2243653. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.43653.

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ImportanceStudies have suggested a rise in opioid- and stimulant-involved overdoses in recent years in North America. This risk may be acute for individuals who have had contact with the criminal justice system, who are particularly vulnerable to overdose risk.ObjectiveTo examine the association of opioid and/or stimulant use disorder diagnoses with overdose (fatal and nonfatal) among people with histories of incarceration.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this cohort study, population-based health and corrections data were retrieved from the British Columbia Provincial Overdose Cohort, whic

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Pouget, Enrique R., Alex S. Bennett, Luther Elliott, Andrew Rosenblum, and Peter C. Britton. "Recent Overdose Experiences in a Community Sample of Military Veterans Who Use Opioids." Journal of Drug Issues 47, no. 3 (2017): 479–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022042617701255.

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Rising rates of overdose mortality underscore the importance of understanding and preventing overdose. We developed a seven-item scale for the assessment of nonfatal opioid-related overdose experiences, adding items on others’ perceptions of whether the participant had overdosed and whether an intervention was attempted to frequently used criteria. We administered the scale to 240 primarily male and minority veterans, recruited using venue-based and chain-referral sampling, who separated from the military post-9/11 and reported current opioid use. The items were internally consistent, and corr

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Otero-Leon, Daniel, Hannah Lee, Huiru Dong, Erin Stringfellow, and Mohammad S. Jalali. "Drug involvement variations in overdose death spikes: county-level analysis in Massachusetts." BMJ Public Health 3, no. 2 (2025): e002293. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjph-2024-002293.

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Background Communities often experience relatively quiet periods disrupted by sudden surges of drug overdoses, suggesting that the risk of death can change substantially in a short period. Multiple substances are often involved in overdoses, and it is crucial to understand which are more frequently observed in spikes. This study aimed to investigate the involvement of specific substances in overdose spikes at the state and county levels in Massachusetts. Methods We applied a spike detection method to identify daily spikes among 9915 overdose fatalities in Massachusetts from 2020 to 2023. A day

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Brinkley-Rubinstein, Lauren, David H. Cloud, Chelsea Davis, et al. "Addressing excess risk of overdose among recently incarcerated people in the USA: harm reduction interventions in correctional settings." International Journal of Prisoner Health 13, no. 1 (2017): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijph-08-2016-0039.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss overdose among those with criminal justice experience and recommend harm reduction strategies to lessen overdose risk among this vulnerable population. Design/methodology/approach Strategies are needed to reduce overdose deaths among those with recent incarceration. Jails and prisons are at the epicenter of the opioid epidemic but are a largely untapped setting for implementing overdose education, risk assessment, medication assisted treatment, and naloxone distribution programs. Federal, state, and local plans commonly lack corrections as an ing

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Ray, Bradley, Steven J. Korzeniewski, George Mohler, et al. "Spatiotemporal Analysis Exploring the Effect of Law Enforcement Drug Market Disruptions on Overdose, Indianapolis, Indiana, 2020–2021." American Journal of Public Health 113, no. 7 (2023): 750–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2023.307291.

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Objectives. To test the hypothesis that law enforcement efforts to disrupt local drug markets by seizing opioids or stimulants are associated with increased spatiotemporal clustering of overdose events in the surrounding geographic area. Methods. We performed a retrospective (January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2021), population-based cohort study using administrative data from Marion County, Indiana. We compared frequency and characteristics of drug (i.e., opioids and stimulants) seizures with changes in fatal overdose, emergency medical services nonfatal overdose calls for service, and naloxone

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Macmadu, Alexandria, Annajane Yolken, Lisa Frueh, et al. "Characteristics of events in which police responded to overdoses: an examination of incident reports in Rhode Island." Harm Reduction Journal 19, no. 1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12954-022-00698-2.

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Abstract Background Narrow or non-existent Good Samaritan Law protections and harsh drug selling statutes in the USA have been shown to deter bystanders from seeking medical assistance for overdoses. Additionally, little is known about the actions that police take when responding to overdose events. The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence and correlates of naloxone administration by police, as well as to examine overdose events where arrests were made and those in which the person who overdosed was described as combative. Methods We analyzed incident reports of police respon

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Ahmad, Zara, Jiin Kim, Aleksandra Udovica, and Renna Lee. "Comparison of Fatal Recreational Drug Overdoses between Celebrities and Non-Celebrities." STEM Fellowship Journal, June 25, 2020, 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17975/sfj-2020-003.

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Previous studies have examined drug overdoses among celebrities, but not in comparison to the general population. This study’s goal was to analyze whether celebrities have higher fatal overdose rates from recreational drug use than the non-celebrity population. It is often presumed that celebrities engage in more drug use to cope with their stressful and taxing lifestyles. To test this claim, we gathered a list of American celebrities that fatally overdosed on drugs from 1999 to 2017 (inclusive), as well as the number of overdoses in the general American population during this time frame. Cert

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Guarino, Honoria, David Frank, Kelly Quinn, et al. "Syndemic factors associated with non-fatal overdose among young opioid users in New York City." Frontiers in Public Health 11 (June 26, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1195657.

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IntroductionRates of illicit opioid use are particularly high among young adults, yet research on overdose experience and factors associated with overdose in this population remains limited. This study examines the experiences and correlates of non-fatal overdose among young adults using illicit opioids in New York City (NYC).Methods539 participants were recruited via Respondent-Driven Sampling in 2014-2016. Eligibility criteria included: aged 18–29 years old; current residence in NYC; and nonmedical prescription opioid (PO) use and/or heroin use in the past 30 days. Participants completed str

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Alice, June Dunham Daniel M. Bennet. "Accidental vs. deliberate overdose admissions to the emergency department in Bali's largest hospital - a look into the effects of mental health on Indonesia's substance abuse problem." August 8, 2019. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3375096.

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Background Mental health care in Indonesia is under-resourced, drugs are easily available, and alcohol use is rising, increasing the risk of accidental and deliberate overdose.  Aims Identify the demographics of overdose patients presenting to the emergency department. Determine the substances commonly used in overdose; the percentage of accidental vs. deliberate overdoses; the psychiatric history of overdose patients; the reasons behind the overdoses occurring. Methods 22 overdose patients over the age of 18 that had presented to the emergency department at the RSUP Sanglah Hospital in a

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Demeter, Natalie, Jaynia Angela Anderson, Mar-y.-sol Pasquires, and Stephen Wirtz. "Enhanced Surveillance of Nonfatal Emergency Department Opioid Overdoses in California." Online Journal of Public Health Informatics 11, no. 1 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.5210/ojphi.v11i1.9918.

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ObjectiveTo track and monitor nonfatal emergency department opioid overdoses in California for use in the statewide response in the opioid epidemic.IntroductionThe opioid epidemic is a multifaceted public health issue that requires a coordinated and dynamic response to address the ongoing changes in the trends of opioid overdoses. Access to timely and accurate data allows more targeted and effective programs and policies to prevent and reduce fatal and nonfatal drug overdoses in California. As a part of a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Enhanced State Opioid Overdose Surveillance gr

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Ochani, Sidhant, Fatima Binte Athar, Muhammad Wajeeh Nazar, et al. "Drug overdose in Pakistan, a growing concern; A Review." International Journal of Surgery: Global Health 6, no. 5 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/gh9.0000000000000356.

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The primary cause of overdose in Pakistan is a lack of implementation of pharmaceutical drug sales regulations. The use of a drug or medicine over the recommended safe dose, whether accidentally or purposely, constitutes a drug overdose. The type of drug, amount consumed, and medical history of the person who overdosed determine its severity. It can be accidental or intentional and can result in serious medical issues or even death. In Pakistan, there is growing concern about two major categories of overdoses: opioid overdose and recreational drug overdose. About 700 people die of drug-related

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Anderson, Jennifer, Om Kurmi, Richard Lowrie, Adnan Araf, and Vibhu Paudyal. "Patterns, circumstances and risk factors associated with non-fatal substance overdose in a cohort of homeless population: an observational study." International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, November 19, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-024-01812-z.

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Abstract Background Non-fatal overdoses frequently precede fatal overdoses, thus identifying risk factors for non-fatal overdoses could help develop strategies to prevent substance related deaths. Aim This study aimed to identify patterns, circumstances and risk factors leading to non-fatal substance overdose in people experiencing homelessness. Method All recorded cases of non-fatal substance overdose from a population of people experiencing homelessness registered at a specialist homelessness primary care centre in England were identified using electronic medical records. Overdose details an

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Johnson, Christian E., David R. Holtgrave, Megan Catlin, and Rahul Gupta. "Effects of States’ Methods for Estimating Nonfatal Overdose, United States, 2021." Public Health Reports®, July 27, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00333549241263526.

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Objective: Previous nonfatal overdose is a key risk factor for drug overdose death; however, current nonfatal overdose surveillance is limited to people who receive medical attention. We identified states that tracked nonfatal overdoses treated in prehospital and hospital care settings, assessed the effects of different surveillance methods on the magnitude of nonfatal overdose estimates, and estimated states’ nonfatal-to-fatal overdose ratio. Methods: Two analysts independently reviewed state websites to characterize states’ methods of capturing nonfatal overdose events from December 2022 thr

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Smiley-McDonald, Hope M., Peyton R. Attaway, Nicholas J. Richardson, Peter J. Davidson, and Alex H. Kral. "Perspectives from law enforcement officers who respond to overdose calls for service and administer naloxone." Health & Justice 10, no. 1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40352-022-00172-y.

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Abstract Background Many law enforcement agencies across the United States equip their officers with the life-saving drug naloxone to reverse the effects of an opioid overdose. Although officers can be effectively trained to administer naloxone, and hundreds of law enforcement agencies carry naloxone to reverse overdoses, little is known about what happens on scene during an overdose call for service from an officer’s perspective, including what officers perceive their duties and responsibilities to be as the incident evolves. Methods The qualitative study examined officers’ experiences with o

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