Academic literature on the topic 'Overdraft limit'
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Journal articles on the topic "Overdraft limit"
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Oba, Kenneth Miebaka. "Cash Flow Analysis and Management of Project Portfolio Using Percentile Points." International Journal of Innovative Research in Engineering and Management 10, no. 4 (2023): 194–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.55524/ijirem.2023.10.4.27.
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Effective financial and cash flow management are essential elements of an effective project execution plan. For this study, five projects were being executed simultaneously by SOFTSTRUCT CONSULTANTS, a construction company based in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The company has an overdraft limit of $1,200,000. They are to commence on different dates starting from September 2022 and ending at February 2026. The percentile point (PP) method was used to generate the cash flow analysis and management. It was found that the company arrived at a maximum overdraft of $1,200,000, which was less than the limit. This means the company is on the safe side to succeed with her project portfolio, and likely remain afloat to execute more projects in the future, using this kind of cash flow management technique for all her projects.
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Tzouganatos, Dimitris, Annick de Wilde, and Eva Maria Belser. "BGH, Urteil vom 18.5.1995, - Zur Wirksamkeit einer formularmäßig vereinbarten Globalbürg-schaft nach dem AGBG - Zur teilweisen Aufrechterhaltung einer Klausel im Gegensatz zur unzulassigen." European Review of Private Law 7, Issue 1 (1999): 121–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/233271.
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In this decision the 9th Civil Chamber of the German Federal Supreme Court changed its case law on the validity of a standard form contract providing a universal guarantee, and followed the 'causation' line of case law of the 5th and 11th Civil Chambers. The judgment was based on the following set of facts: The plaintiff savings bank provided a property company, a Kommanditgesellschaft, with an overdraft. In 1984 the defendant, a shareholder in the company, agreed to become personal guarantor of the credit advanced to the property company under a standard form of agreement with no restrictions on the time period or amount of the guarantee. Under Condition 1(1) of the Conditions of Guarantee, the guarantee was 'to provide security for all existing and future claims of the savings bank against the principal debtor, including conditional and time limited claims, … which arise out of their business relationship (in particular out of overdraft, credit and loan facilities of all kinds and bills of exchange) as well as out of bills of exchange which are submitted by third parties, guarantees, assignments or by way of subrogation.' In October 1985, the defendant parted from the company and in January 1986 the plaintiff raised the company's overdraft facility to 2.5 million DM and in addition granted it loans of 2 million and 1.5 million DM. The defendant gave notice of the termination of the guarantee in 1990, and shortly thereafter the company became bankrupt. The plaintiff claimed a sum of more than 10 million DM from the defendant as guarantor, and asserted an initial part claim in court for 1 million DM. At first instance and on appeal the claim was allowed. An appeal in cassation in the Supreme Court led to the quashing of the decision of the appeal court and the reference of the case back for a rehearing. In a departure from its earlier jurisprudence, the 9th Civil Chamber of the Supreme Court held that the clause in question was invalid, for breach of § 9 of the Law on General Conditions of Contract, and possibly of § 3 of the same Law. § 767 (1) of the German Civil Code required the guarantee to be limited. In a case where an overdraft facility was guaranteed, the extent of the overdraft allowed at the time the guarantee was given provided the limit within the meaning of this provision. The broad declaration of scope contained in the Conditions of Guarantee was by contrast inconsistent with this interpretation of § 767 (1) of the Civil Code and the purpose of the contract, because under it the guarantor was obliged to stand security for new extensions of credit, provided by the lender without any action on the part of the guarantor and exceeding the level of credit authorised by the lender at the time the guarantee was given. In addition, the standard form extension of liability to all existing and future commitments of the principal debtor was entirely surprising if the guarantee was given in order to encourage the grant or maintenance of a specific overdraft of a given amount, or the raising of the overdraft limit to a certain amount (causation principle). The standard form extension of the liability of the guarantor to all existing and future commitments of the principal debtor arising out of its relationship with the bank had not become a part of the contract of guarantee, therefore, but the declaration of scope remained valid in so far as it concerned the overdraft up to the limit agreed at the time the guarantee was given. The clause could therefore be partly maintained: it was not an impermissible reduction of the contract in an attempt to preserve it. The following comments analyse the decision from the point of view of Belgian (De Wilde), Swiss (Belser) and Greek (Tzouganatos) law.
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Irpiena, Resela, Ratna Setyawardani Alifen, and Herry Pintardi Chandra. "Model Proyeksi Dan Optimalisasi Cash Flow Multi Proyek." Dimensi Utama Teknik Sipil 3, no. 2 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.9744/duts.3.2.1-8.
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This study aims to create an integrated system that has the ability to project the schedule and cash flow of a multi project situation for construction companies, while optimizing them so that a more efficient schedule and financial planning is achieved. In this study, an efficient construction planning refers to a schedule combination that generates a cash flow with minimum overdraft for the company.This study focuses on utilizing floats from non-critical activities in initial or as-planned schedule. Iteration on the floats is done with evolutionary algorithm optimization method using projects’ durations and credit limit as constraints. The result is a combination of multi project schedules which generates the least amount of overdraft throughout the fiscal year to achieve minimum loans of thecompany.
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Shatalova, Elena P. "Corporate Lending in Overdraft Mode: Determination of Limit and Criteria for Economic Justification." Journal of Reviews on Global Economics 7 (November 12, 2018): 538–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1929-7092.2018.07.50.
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Dary, Stanley Kojo, and Harvey S. James Jr. "Trade credit supply in African agro-food manufacturing industry: determinants and motives." Agricultural Finance Review 78, no. 3 (2018): 312–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/afr-03-2017-0017.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the determinants and motives for supply of trade credit among agro-food manufacturing firms in African countries. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses a subsample of food manufacturing firms from World Bank Enterprise Survey in eight African countries in 2014. Two-limit Tobit models are specified for the determinants of trade credit supply (TCS) and the motives for TCS are inferred from the determinants. An instrumental variable two-limit Tobit model is estimated to check the endogeneity of trade credit received (TCR) in relation to trade credit supplied. Findings The level of TCS is significantly related with degree of product diversification, manager experience, level of TCR and overdraft availability. From the results, financing motives (particularly liquidity and redistribution) and commercial motives (particularly marketing and quality guarantee motives) for TCS are implied. Research limitations/implications The parameter estimates may contain both demand and supply effects as the two effects cannot be separated due to absence of information on firms’ customers in the data set. The results should be interpreted in this context. Originality/value The motives for TCS by agro-food firms is less understood in the agricultural finance literature and this paper makes an important contribution in this regard. In particular, the paper shows the degree of product diversification is directly associated with TCS, a relationship which has not been explored in the trade credit literature.
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Vasilyeva, Alfiya F. "Approaches to Modelling Exposure at Default for the Entire Life of the Asset." Financial Journal 13, no. 4 (2021): 91–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.31107/2075-1990-2021-4-91-109.
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This paper is devoted to developing an optimal model for assessing the default requirement (EAD) of assets over the entire life of a financial instrument in accordance with the requirements of IFRS 9 “Financial instruments”. The EAD for the whole life of a financial instrument is a set of estimates of EAD values from the first to the last year during the life of the asset. Two models are used for evaluating EAD under agreements with a set limit (for example, a credit line, overdraft) and under guarantees and letters of credit: the EAD model for balance sheet financial instruments (applied to the balance sheet part) and the credit conversion factor (CCF) model (applied to the off-balance sheet part). The approach to CCF modeling is described in the second part of the study. This model was developed based on a real bank portfolio of assets, using data which were collected at the beginning of the 2017. These days the topic of the paper is highly acute for both commercial banks that has experienced the problem of improving credit risk assessment models due to the requirements that have appeared to them owing to the introduction of IFRS 9 since January 1, 2018, and regulatory authorities as well, etc.
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Movilla-Quesada, Diana, Aitor C. Raposeiras, Manuel Lagos-Varas, Osvaldo Muñoz-Cáceres, Valerio-Carlos Andrés-Valeri, and Loreto Troncoso. "Study of the Optimal Dosage of Celullose Ash as a Contribution Filler in Asphalt Mixtures Based on Its Adhesiveness under Moisture Conditions." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (2021): 854. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020854.
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Chile is the first Latin American country to begin an “ecological overdraft”, as established by the Global Footprint Network (GFN). This implies that the country’s ecological footprint has exceeded the global average bio-capacity. The consumption of natural aggregates for construction in Chile has grown by around 6.6% in the last year, with around 120 million tons being extracted. Given the above, it is important to seek alternatives that help to minimize the problem of resource scarcity, as well as the recovery of industrial by-products and/or waste. The Chilean forestry sector has also grown in recent years, generating approximately 4000 metric tons of waste in 2018, which was deposited in landfills or disposed of on forest roads. The present research is focused on the reuse and possible recovery of ash from the incineration of cellulose as a filler in bituminous mixtures. We analyze the adhesiveness of the filler/bitumen system in dry and wet states, based on the Cantabro wear loss test. The results obtained show that the limit of the relation between the volumetric concentration and critical concentration (Cv/Cs) is 1 for the addition of ash and that concentrations lower than or equal to this value present controlled losses, with 1.00 being the optimal (Cv/Cs) ratio that allows better behavior against the effect of water.
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Maples, Stephen R., Graham E. Fogg, and Reed M. Maxwell. "Modeling managed aquifer recharge processes in a highly heterogeneous, semi-confined aquifer system." Hydrogeology Journal 27, no. 8 (2019): 2869–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-019-02033-9.
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Abstract Widespread groundwater overdraft in alluvial aquifer systems like the Central Valley (CV) in California, USA, has increased interest in managed aquifer recharge (MAR). Like most clastic sedimentary basins, recharge to the productive semi-confined CV aquifer system remains a challenge due to the presence of nearly ubiquitous, multiple confining units (silt and clay) that limit recharge pathways. Previous studies suggest the presence of interconnected networks of coarse-texture sand and gravel deposits that bypass regional confining units over a small fraction of the CV near the American and Cosumnes rivers. Here, variably saturated infiltration and recharge processes were simulated across a domain that includes high-resolution representation of the heterogeneous alluvial geologic architecture in this area. Results show that recharge potential is highly dependent on subsurface geologic architecture, with a nearly 2 order-of-magnitude range of recharge across the domain. Where interconnected coarse-texture recharge pathways occur, results show that these features can (1) accommodate rapid, high-volume MAR and (2) propagate widespread and rapid pressure responses over multi-kilometer distances in the semi-confined aquifer system. For all MAR simulations, results show that the majority of MAR is accommodated by filling unsaturated-zone (UZ) pore volume. Results also show that coarse-texture UZ facies (where present) accommodate the majority of MAR volume during early time, but fine-texture facies ultimately accommodate the majority of the total MAR volume, even for coarse-dominated sites. These findings highlight the large variability of MAR potential across the landscape and demonstrate the importance of fine-texture facies for accommodating MAR in alluvial aquifer systems.
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Van Roeyen, Gino, Mariangela Ferrari, Bruno Inzitari, and Nicolas Geelhand. "Barclays Bank plc v O'Brien and another [1993] 4 All ER 417, BVerfG, 19.10.1993." European Review of Private Law 4, Issue 3 (1996): 263–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/141124.
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Barclays Bank plc v O'Brien (Case 1) provided an opportunity for the House of Lords to settle an issue which had arisen on a number of previous occasions in the Court of Appeal. The question was whether a bank is entitled to enforce against a wife an obligation to secure a debt owed by her husband to the bank where the wife has been induced to stand as a surety for her husband's debt by the undue influence or misrepresentation of the husband. The House of Lords concluded that a creditor would be fixed with constructive notice of the undue influence or misrepresentation of a cohabitee (and therefore could not enforce their security as against the other cohabitee) unless it had taken reasonable steps to satisfy itself that the surety entered into the obligation freely and in the knowledge of the true facts. Such steps would include warning the surety at a meeting not attended by the principal debtor of the potential liability and of the risks involved and advising the surety to take independent legal advice. Cases 2 and 3 both arose in the German courts and led to a consolidated hearing before the German Federal Constitutional Court. Case 2: An estate agent sought to double his overdraft limit to 100,000 DM. To assist him his daughter, who had temporary employment as a factory worker, signed a contract of guarantee. The significance of this document was played down by the bank. The father entered into new business deals and suffered heavy losses. The bank then tried to assert the guarantee against the daughter. The daughter resisted the claim. Case 3: A wife signed a contract of guarantee (of 30,000 DM) to assist her husband in obtaining a loan. When there was a delay in payments on the loan, the bank called on the guarantee. In response to these two cases the Federal Constitutional Court handed down a potentially far reaching decision on the role of fundamental rights in the interpretation of general clauses in the law. In particular the right to the protection of a person's private sphere must be taken into account in interpreting the obligation of good faith in contractual relations where there is disparity of bargaining power between the parties (i.e. the guarantor and the bank), and in particular where there is no shared economic interest between guarantor and guarantee. The four case notes on this theme are preceded by a more detailed consideration of the reasoning in Barclays Bank v O'Brien. The first two case notes (Van Roeyen and Ferrari) consider the way that this case might have been approached by the Dutch and Italian courts respectively. The third case note (Inzitari) discusses the German cases and the issues that they would raise for the Italian courts, while the fourth note (Geelhand) examines the general problem of guarantees given by family members and friends under Belgian law.
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Bremard, Thanawat. "Monitoring Land Subsidence: The Challenges of Producing Knowledge and Groundwater Management Indicators in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region, Thailand." Sustainability 14, no. 17 (2022): 10593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141710593.
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Multiple major coastal cities face the threat of sea level rise with global climate change. This vulnerability can be further exacerbated by local contexts of urbanization and flood management. Land subsidence caused by groundwater over-extraction has long been identified as a factor that exposes cities to the threat of submergence through its interaction with the sea’s tidal regime or a river basin’s precipitation pattern and flood regime. Decision-making in regards to environmental issues such as land subsidence ultimately relies on monitoring data to frame the problem and formulate policies accordingly. Thus, in examining how subsidence has been shaped into a scientific reality in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region, this article reviews the limits and uncertainties of subsidence monitoring tools and their associated indicators for risk management (safe yield, piezometric level, and subsidence rate). Our analysis of existing technical reports, supported by interviews conducted with key actors involved in the processes of knowledge production and policy-making, has pointed out how such uncertainties give way to varied interpretations of these indicators, which continue to fuel the debate concerning the establishment of a safe yield for groundwater management. Furthermore, our research has also revealed that the monitoring of land subsidence has been receiving less priority due to institutional challenges within concerned governmental agencies. Ultimately, we argue that in order to use the resource sustainably, it is crucial to keep monitoring groundwater overdraft in the neighboring provinces of Bangkok to diligently anticipate long-term flooding risks associated with the changing hydrogeological regime of the delta.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Overdraft limit"
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Мовчан, О. В. "Теоретичні підходи до визначення ліміту овердрафту в управлінні кредитним ризиком". Thesis, Українська академія банківської справи Національного банку України, 2010. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/61521.
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Обгрунтована необхідність подальших наукових
досліджень у напрямку розробок обґрунтованих методик визначення ліміту овердрафту<br>The necessity of further scientific research is substantiated
researches in the direction of development of the justified methods of determining the limit of overdraft
Book chapters on the topic "Overdraft limit"
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Neville, Stephen. "The Formalities for Entry into a Regulated Agreement." In The Law of Consumer Credit and Hire. Oxford University PressOxford, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199230365.003.0006.
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Abstract This information must be provided by the time of the agreement and it must be confirmed in writing. If the bank’s agreement is tacit, and the account remains overdrawn for more than three months, the bank must inform the customer in writing no later than seven days after the end of that three-month period of the annual rate of interest and the charges applicable.13 Accordingly, customers are not required to sign regulated agreements when banks grant overdrafts on current accounts. The CCA 1974 does not define ‘current account’, but it is likely to be restricted to running-accounts from which withdrawals can be made by cheque or debit card.14 In Coutts v Sebestyen,15 the court considered a defence raised by Gabriel Oscar Sebestyen that his overdraft fell outside this exemption and was therefore wholly unenforceable against him. He had opened a current account at Coutts with an agreed overdraft limit of £2,000, but in six months had built up an unauthorized overdraft of over £18,000. Two days after the overdraft exceeded the agreed limit, the bank wrote to inform him that a 26 per cent interest rate applied to drawings that exceeded the limit.
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Sami, Ben Jabeur. "Financial Distress and Bankruptcy Costs." In Global Strategies in Banking and Finance. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4635-3.ch024.
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Since the crisis of the 1930s and the early work of writers such as Fitzpatrick (1932), the problem of failure has become a field of investigation and research in its own right. According to Franks and Sussman (2005), a firm is defined as being in distress once the local branch or regional credit manager decides to transfer a status report to the monitoring unit of economic enterprises or responsible financial diagnosis. Such decisions may occur, especially for SMEs, in the case of violations of certain terms (non-payment of interest exceeding the overdraft limit ...) or following a poor assessment of the future of the firm by directors of credit (by reference to indicators such as high debt and low profitability). The objective of this chapter suggests analyzing the processes of the financial distress of companies and their impact.
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"TFEU." In The EU Treaties and Charter of Fundamental Rights: A Commentary, 2nd ed., edited by Manuel Kellerbauer, Marcus Klamert, and Jonathan Tomkin. Oxford University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198913689.003.0284.
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Abstract This chapter emphasizes how Article 126 TFEU is referenced to explain the coordination of economic policy and states that the Member State (MS) avoids excessive government deficits. It discusses the outer limits set in Article 126 TFEU for the freedom of MS in their economic policies, including matters that remain national competences such as public spending and taxation. It also reviews the provision of Article 126 TFEU for a monitoring system and possible sanctions for those MS that run excessive deficits. The chapter demonstrates how Article 126 TFEU is read together with Articles 123 and 124 TFEU, which respectively prohibit overdraft and related facilities for MS’ public sectors with national central banks (NCBs) and preferential financing with other financial institutions. It looks at the constitution of Article 126 TFEU of the base for Union legislation on fiscal oversight of the MS.
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"were overdrawn but not by an amount which exceeded agreed overdraft limits. The defendant was charged (under Hong Kong legislation identical to the Theft Act 1968) with theft of choses in action, namely debts owed by the bank to the companies." In Sourcebook Criminal Law. Routledge-Cavendish, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781843143093-185.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Overdraft limit"
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Wu, Jiahui, Shaofu Lin, Hao Kong, and Hui Shi. "The Combination Forecasting Model of Telecommunication User Tricking Account Overdraft Limit Based on Logistic Regression and SVM." In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Computer Applications (ICAICA). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icaica.2019.8873457.
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Kong, Hao, Shaofu Lin, Jiahui Wu, and Hui Shi. "The Risk Prediction of Mobile User Tricking Account Overdraft Limit based on Fusion Model of Logistic and GBDT." In 2019 IEEE 3rd Information Technology, Networking, Electronic and Automation Control Conference (ITNEC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itnec.2019.8729173.
Full textReports on the topic "Overdraft limit"
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Donnelly, Alan. Evaluating the impact of higher education funding aimed to address student hardship: Survey findings. Sheffield Hallam University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7190/steer/student_hardship.
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This report explores the findings of an evaluation conducted at Sheffield Hallam University to understand the impact of institutional financial support provided to students who are under-represented in higher education or who are facing hardship. This evaluation implemented the validated financial support evaluation toolkit, which is recommended by the Office for Students, as the framework for this data collection and analysis (McCaig et al., 2016). The survey tool, which was used in this current phase of the evaluation, contains closed and open-ended questions that explore what the funding has enabled its recipients to do and what might have not been possible otherwise. A total of 5,302 students received financial support from the University in 2020/21 and 347 of these responded to the survey, which is a response rate of 7%. The survey findings highlighted how respondents used other financial sources, aside from the hardship funding, to pay for their higher education, such as loans, overdrafts, earnings from work and money from friends or family. Without the financial support, its recipients reported that they would not only find it difficult to access the essential provisions of teaching and learning but also to be able to pay for basic living costs. Other key benefits reported by respondents were that the financial support enabled them to: concentrate on their university work, with the money helping many to pay for devices and IT equipment: continue with their studies; ease their anxieties and support their mental health. However, it is important to note that the low response rate limits the generalisations that can be made from the survey respondents to the wider population.