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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Overlayer

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Academic literature on the topic 'Overlayer'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2023

Last updated: 19 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Overlayer"

1

SINGH, RANBER. "MAGNETIC COUPLING IN PSEUDOMORPHIC 2ML OVERLAYERS AND SANDWICH SUPERLATTICE STRUCTURES OF Cr, Mn, Fe, Co AND Ni ON FCC Cu(001)." International Journal of Modern Physics B 24, no. 04 (2010): 405–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979210055007.

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The magnetic coupling in pseudomorphic overlayer and sandwich structures of 2ML magnetic ultrathin films on Cu (001) substrate is investigated by using spin-polarized density functional theory. The 2ML magnetic overlayers have significant magnetic moment except CrNi overlayer for which magnetic moment is very small (0.004 μB/ atom ). The overlayers having one layer of Cr turn out to be antiferromagnetically coupled except CrNi/Cu overlayer which has ferromagnetic coupling. All other overlayers have ferromagnetic coupling. In contrast to ferromagnetic MnMn/Cu overlayer, the Cu/MnMn/Cu sandwich has antiferromagnetic coupling. Similar to CrFe/Cu overlayer, the Cu/CrFe/Cu sandwich has antiferromagnetic coupling, while all other sandwiches have ferromagnetic coupling. The sandwiched structures have reduced magnetic moment as compared to their overlayer counterparts. The MnMn , MnFe , and MnCo sandwiches have highly reduced magnetic moment as compared to their overlayer counterparts.

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Pick, Štěpán. "Tailoring the Surface Reactivity: Comparison of Pd/Nb(110) and Rh/Nb(110)." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 73, no. 6-7 (2008): 745–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20080745.

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Ni, Pd and Pt overlayers deposited on many metallic surfaces show properties resembling those of noble metals. We pose the question whether a similar trend might occur also for other transition-metal overlayers. To this goal, we perform first-principles density-functional theory calculations for Pd(111), Rh(111) surfaces, Pd and Rh epitaxial monolayers deposited on Nb(110), and for CO chemisorption on these systems. Density functional calculations indicate that the behavior of the two overlayers is quite different. Whereas the Rh overlayer on Nb(110) resembles the Rh(111) surface, for the Pd overlayer the electronic structure around the Fermi level is strongly affected by hybridization with Nb electrons, which accounts for unique properties of the overlayer. We expect that the latter mechanism may be of importance just for Pd, Pt, Ni and not for other transition metals with lower d-electron occupation.

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WANG, Y. R., J. A. KUBBY, and W. J. GREENE. "THIN FILM ELECTRON INTERFEROMETRY." Modern Physics Letters B 05, no. 21 (1991): 1387–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984991001696.

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Electron transport through thin overlayers of tin grown on a silicon substrate, and stacking-fault contrast in topographic and conductivity images of Si (111) – 7 × 7 are investigated. Resonances that depend on structural integrity of the overlayer are observed in the conductivity images, and are interpreted as consequences of electron standing-wave formation within the overlayer. The experimental spectra are analyzed using a one-dimensional model which has scattering potentials located at the sample surface and at the overlayer-substrate interface. The agreement between experiment and theory demonstrates that electron-standing wave spectra, in conjunction with bias-dependent topographic and conductivity images, are useful for probing details of buried interfaces formed by surface reconstruction and in heteroepitaxial growth.

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Jeong, Davin, Gieun Jang, and Soonwook Hong. "Thermally Stable Silver Cathode Covered by Samaria-Doped Ceria for Low-Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells." Nanomaterials 14, no. 7 (2024): 561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano14070561.

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Samaria-doped ceria (SDC) overlayers were deposited on Ag cathodes by sputtering. The SDC sputtering time was varied to investigate the properties of the Ag–SDC overlayer cathode-coated fuel cells depending on the thickness of the SDC overlayers. Among the fabricated fuel cells, Ag with a 10-nm-thick SDC overlayer (Ag-SDC10) cathode-coated fuel cell exhibited the highest peak power density of 6.587 mW/cm2 at 450 °C, showing higher performance than a pristine Pt-coated fuel cell. Moreover, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed that the Ag-SDC10 cathode-coated fuel cell significantly mitigated polarization loss originating from enhanced oxygen reduction reaction kinetics compared to the pristine Ag-coated fuel cell.

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Cordill, M. J., N. R. Moody, and D. F. Bahr. "Quantifying improvements in adhesion of platinum films on brittle substrates." Journal of Materials Research 19, no. 6 (2004): 1818–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2004.0232.

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This study used nanoindentation coupled with stressed overlayers to evaluate the effect of titanium interlayers on the interfacial fracture energy of platinum films on SiO2 substrates. Interfacial fracture energy was calculated three ways: from platinum buckles that formed spontaneously upon deposition of the film, from buckles that formed upon deposition of a stressed tungsten overlayer, and from blisters triggered by indentation of a platinum film with a tungsten stressed overlayer. The calculated values for the interfacial fracture energy of the Pt-SiO2 interface were 0.2 and 0.5 J/m2 for indentation blisters and spontaneous buckles, respectively. The effect of a titanium interlayer on adhesion was examined using a tungsten stressed overlayer coupled with nanoindentation. The addition of a titanium layer improved the adhesion of the platinum film on SiO2 from 0.2 to 1.0 J/m2.

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Song, Jaewon, Hye Ryeong Kim, Jaehoo Park, Seehwa Jeong, and Cheol Seong Hwang. "Oxidation Behavior of TiAlN Barrier Layers with and without Thin Metal Overlayers for Memory Capacitor Applications." Journal of Materials Research 17, no. 7 (2002): 1789–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2002.0265.

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The oxidation behavior of sputtered TiAlN thin-film barrier layers was studied by cross-section transmission electron microscopy. Bare 100-nm-thick TiAlN films on SiO2/Si began to oxidize from the surface after annealing in air for 10 min from about 550 °C. Annealing at 700 °C oxidized half of the layer thickness. A 100-nm-thick Pt overlayer on the barrier layer retarded macroscopic oxidation at 650 °C. However, a 10-nm-thick Pt overlayer accelerated oxidation as a result of the catalytic dissociation of O2 molecules to form O atoms, which oxidized the barrier layer at 550 °C to the same extent as without the thin Pt overlayer at 650 °C. The effects of other thin metal overlayers, such as Ru and Ir, were also investigated. Ru and Ir did not accelerate TiAlN oxidation due to the absence of catalytic activity.

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Lindgren, S. Å., and L. Walldén. "Overlayer states." Surface Science 211-212 (April 1989): 394–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(89)90795-4.

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Lindgren, S. Å., and L. Walldén. "Overlayer states." Surface Science Letters 211-212 (April 1989): A124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-2584(89)90343-5.

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Kerdja, T., F. Dahmani, and D. Ghobrini. "Simple evidence of radiation transport in coated plastic targets." Laser and Particle Beams 9, no. 2 (1991): 563–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600003578.

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Planar coated targets of Aluminum and Gold overlayers were irradiated with 1.06-μm laser light at intensities 1011–5 × 1013 W/cm2. The energy penetration depth, the ablated plasma, and the X-ray emission were characterized. Results show significant energy transport through the overlayer.

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DE COSS, R. "ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF STRAINED VANADIUM OVERLAYERS ON W(100) AND Ta(100)." Surface Review and Letters 03, no. 04 (1996): 1505–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x96002503.

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We study the role of hybridization and overlayer–substrate lattice mismatch in determining the surface electronic structure of strained V monolayers and bilayers on W(100) and Ta(100). The local density of states is calculated in the tight-binding approximation within the surface-Green-function-matching formalism. For one monolayer of V on W(100) and Ta(100), the strong monolayer–substrate 3d–5d hybridization determines the features of the surface local density of states, with essentially no differences between 1V/W(100) and 1V/Ta(100). For the bilayer we find that the electronic structure of the topmost layer depends strongly on the lattice mismatch between overlayer and substrate. In particular, we find that the surface local density of states at the Fermi level in 2V/Ta(100) is 69% higher than in 1V/Ta(100); the lattice mismatch between bulk constants of V and Ta is 9.0%. These results indicate that strain induces strong band narrowing in vanadium overlayers on transition metals, despite the large overlayer–substrate hybridization, but depends critically on the film thickness.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Overlayer"

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Roudgar, Ataollah. "Local reactivity of bimetallic overlayer and cluster systems." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=971640084.

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Barnes, Robert David Frazer. "Diffraction gratings as a platform for overlayer detection and representation." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319553.

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Clarke, A. "A wavevector imaging photoelectron spectrometer, with application to a magnetic overlayer system." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233729.

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The work presented in this thesis may be considered in two main parts; firstly a description of the design and operation of a display type photoelectron spectrometer. Secondly a series of experiments investigating the electronic properties of thin epitaxial films (1-5 atomic layers) of cobalt grown on a clean single crystal copper (001) substrate. Conventional angle resolved photoelectron spectrometers of the deflection type are only capable of observing one point in the (E,θ,φ) space at a time. This is often perfectly acceptable if one is concerned with optimal resolution in order to perform accurate band mapping experiments. However certain experiments are essentially impossible, for instance the observation of the emitted photocurrent over all θ,φ at the fermi energy. This is partly because of the time limitations imposed by the necessity to keep the sample atomically clean in the U.H.V. environment. Several previous workers have tackled this problem by designing spectrometers that observe large sections of θ,φ space simultaneously, for a given energy. The first part of this work concerns the design and implementation of a display type spectrometer which embodies some new and quite novel features. Thin epitaxial films of ferromagnetic materials grown on non-magnetic substrates have long been of interest. Partly as a prototypical surface for the investigation of surface magnetism, and partly for the investigation of the changes induced in the magnetic properties as the dimensionality is reduced or as the lattice size is changed. The second part of this thesis concerns experiments using three different spectroscopies on a system of this type, specifically Co on Cu(001). Firstly, a photoemission study using the display spectrometer is presented, observations of the spin-split bands as a function of wavevector parallel to the surface are shown. Secondly an Auger electron study of the growth mode of the epitaxial film, together with a LEED I/V study of the changing lattice strain as a function of film thickness are presented. Although none of these measurements directly probe the magnetism of the films, they provide very necessary information in order to understand their behaviour.

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Anton, Alan Brad Weinberg Henry. "Studies of overlayer vibrational structure and identification of adsorbed reaction intermediates via electron energy loss spectroscopy /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 1986. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-04032008-110807.

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MORANDI, SARA. "NEW APPROACHES FOR THE DESIGN, SCREENING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF INNOVATIVE SEMICONDUCTOR/OVERLAYER ARCHITECTURES FOR PHOTO-DRIVEN WATER ELECTROLYSIS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/484308.

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New approaches for the design, screening and characterization of innovative semiconductor/overlayer architectures for photo-driven water electrolysis The optimization of environmental protection and remediation and the better exploitation of renewable power sources undoubtedly represent the key issues to lead to the sustainable development of civil and industrial activities. In this context, hydrogen and electricity can be considered as the most promising and as the most adopted energy vector, respectively. The possibility of adopting the former depends on the availability of suitable devices to convert renewable energy into chemical energy. Here, the production of H2 from sunlight, by photoelectrochemical water splitting (PEC-WS), represents one of the most attractive processes giving the possibility of a direct use of sunlight to drive water splitting into molecular hydrogen and oxygen. Notwithstanding the strong interest for PEC‐WS, its development on an industrial scale is hindered by the high costs of core materials and their inadequate efficiency and/or stability. In the last years, a lot of effort has been devoted to the study of different semiconductor/electrocatalyst combinations. In particular, recent studies highlighted the ability of electrocatalyst overlayers of inducing modifications in the semiconductor electron density [1] or of storing the photogenerated holes, thus decreasing the probability of charge recombination [2,3]. This greatly extends the possible candidates for photoelectrocatalysts and requires new efficient screening methods. In this context, scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) is an optimal tool for the rapid screening of big libraries of materials [4-8]. In this Ph.D. thesis, innovative approaches for the study of different photoanode architectures are discussed. In the first part, preliminary results of promising OER electrocatalysts deposited onto Ti sheets are shown. The electrocatalytic activity of the different spots has been studied by SECM using a substrate generation/tip collection (SG-TC) approach, according to which the substrate spots generate molecular oxygen that is reduced at the tip. Since the spots generate O2 all together, the attention was also focused on the application of the double pulse method [9] that allows to address and compare each spot’s activity. The most performing electrocatalysts were then deposited onto a photoconverter (n-doped semiconductor), to study the photo-electrochemical behaviour of the so-obtained semiconductor/overlayer architecture. The semiconductor chosen for its low-cost, stability and favourable band position was hematite (α-Fe2O3), in the form of nanowires [10]. Various low-cost metal oxides were then deposited onto the same photoconverter layer and screened via SECM, by the double pulse method and under white light irradiation (by means of an optical fibre probe, able to move over the sample under investigation). Considering that the average spot size is of 500 µm, the spot-spot distance (centre-to-centre) is set at 800 µm and the fibre diameter is 200 µm, we can assume that the local illumination addresses only one spot at time during the screening. The SECM rapid evaluation was aimed to select the best semiconductor/overlayer combinations that were then synthesized on lab-scale photoelectrodes and tested with conventional photoelectrochemical characterization methods (CV, EIS, etc.). As already mentioned, screening of catalysts mostly involve the adoption of generation/collection modes of SECM that use the tip to locally produce one of the reactants or to locally sense the reaction products. Unfortunately, the materials available in the form of microwires useful to produce tips are limited to a short list of metals. For this reason, another part of this thesis was focused on the preparation, characterization and use of cavity-microelectrodes (C-ME) as tips for the SECM [11]. These C-ME tips [12-14] can be filled with a desired finely dispersed material and used as conventional microdisk tip in several SECM configurations. A third part of the thesis is devoted to the study of stability and performances of different semiconductors, appositely synthesised in the form of amorphous nanoparticles through a different and innovative method. This work was performed during a stay at Professor Joaquin Rodriguez-Lopez laboratories, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC). The semiconductors under investigation were TiO2, WO3 and BiVO4. These materials were tested at the SECM under white light irradiation, and different conditions were applied to enhance the material photoactivity (Nafion® addition, etc.). The last part of this thesis discusses the role of different materials for the water oxidation, both deposited onto inert electrodes or semiconductors, using innovative in-situ and operando X-ray absorption (XAS) techniques. These techniques are particularly interesting when combined with electrochemistry, being able to provide information about the oxidation state and surrounding atoms. The techniques were initially applied to conventional, “model” catalysts, like amorphous iridium oxides [15,16] or Pt nanoparticles, and can be in principle extended towards any desired electrochemical or photoelectrochemical system. [1] M. Barroso, C.A. Mesa, S.R. Pendlebury, A.J. Cowana, T. Hisatomi, K. Sivula, M. Grätzel, D.R. Klug, J.R. Durrant, PNAS, 109, (2012), 15640-15645. [2] L. Badia-Bou, E. Mas-Marza, P. Rodenas, E.M. Barea, F. Fabregat-Santiago, S. Gimenez, E. Peris, J. Bisquert, J. Phys. Chem. C, 117, (2013), 3826-3833. [3] F. Lin, S.W. Boettcher, Nature Materials, 13, (2014), 81-86. [4] J.L. Fernández, D.A. Walsh, A.J. Bard, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 127, (2005), 357-365. [5] A. Minguzzi, M.A. Alpuche-Aviles, J. Rodríguez-López, S. Rondinini, A.J. Bard, Anal. Chem., 80, (2008), ,4055-4064. [6] J. Lee, H. Ye, S. Pan, A.J. Bard, Anal. Chem., 80, (2008), 7445-7450. [7] H. Ye, H. S. Park, A. J. Bard, J. Phys. Chem. C., 115, (2011), 12464-12470 [8] D. Yuan, L. Xiao, J. Jia, J. Zhang, L. Han, P. Li, B. Mao, D. Zhan, Anal. Chem., 86, (2014), 11972-11976 [9] A. Minguzzi, D. Battistel, J. RodrÍguez-López, A. Vertova, S. Rondinini, A. J. Bard, S. Daniele, J. Phys. Chem. C, 119, (2015), 2941-2947 [10] F. Malara, A. Minguzzi, M. Marelli, S. Morandi, R. Psaro, V. Dal Santo, A. Naldoni, ACS Catalysis, 5, (2015), 5292-5300. [11] S. Morandi, A. Minguzzi, Electrochemistry Commumications, 59, (2015), 100-103. [12] C. Locatelli, A. Miguzzi, A. Vertova, P. Cava, S. Rondinini, Anal. Chem., 83, (2011), 2819-2823 [13] A. Minguzzi, C. Locatelli, G. Cappelletti, C. L. Bianchi, A. Vertova, S. Ardizzone, S. Rondinini, J. Mater. Chem., 22, (2012), 8896-8902 [14] A. Minguzzi, C. Locatelli, O. Lugaresi, A. Vertova, S. Rondinini, Electrochim. Acta, 114, (2013), 637-642 [15] T. Baran, M. Fracchia, A. Vertova, E. Achilli, A. Naldoni, F. Malara, G. Rossi, S. Rondinini, P. Ghigna, A. Minguzzi, F. D’Acapito, Electrochimica Acta, 207, (2016), 16–21 [16] S. Rondinini, A. Minguzzi, E. Achilli, C. Locatelli, G. Agostini, S. Pascarelli, G. Spinolo, A. Vertova, P. Ghigna, Electrochimica Acta, 212, (2016), 247–253

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Andreussi, Oliviero. "Water at Interfaces." Doctoral thesis, Scuola Normale Superiore, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11384/85793.

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Law, Yeuk Ting. "Investigation of reaction networks and active sites in ethanol steam reforming reaction over Ni and Co-based catalysts." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00869963.

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Bimetallic catalysts have been widely exploited to improve the performance of various catalytic reactions. Understanding the surface properties and in particular, bimetallic interaction and support effect of the catalytic components is an important step towards rational catalyst design. In this thesis, Ni-Co thin film on polar ZnO single crystal was studied as a model catalyst for ethanol steam reforming reaction. The aim is to provide fundamental understanding of how the surface characteristics of the catalyst influence the mechanism and the efficiency of the reaction. This study focused firstly on the study of the interaction between Ni and Co in oxidative environment using Xray photoelectron spectroscopy (PES). Oxidation of Co is favoured over nickel and the surface is enriched with cobalt oxide. Secondly, Ni-Co thin film supported on polar Zn and O terminated ZnOwas studied by synchrotron based PES. The as deposited layer interacts readily with ZnO and Co is partially oxidized upon deposition, even at room temperature. The interaction of ethanol with Ni- Co/ZnO-Zn was studied by thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS). Ethanol decomposes in different pathways on Ni and Co, in which C-C bond scission and methane production are favoured on Ni/ZnO-Zn while dehydrogenation is favoured on Co/ZnO-Zn. Finally, Ni-Co powder was studied byin-situ ambient pressure PES under reaction conditions in order to clarify the correspondence between the active state of the catalyst and the reaction activity. The product selectivity on Co catalyst is distinctly different from Ni and Ni-Co. Also, the decomposition of methyl group and the high amount of CO produced over Co is likely to be the cause for its high level of carbon deposition.

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ACHILLI, SIMONA. "Spectral properties of adsorbates on metal surfaces via the embedding method." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/10827.

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Adsorbates on metal surfaces have attracted recently the scientific interest both from a fundamental point of view (quantum confinement) and in perspective of application in technology. In particular the electronic properties of such reduced symmetry systems are strictly related to their low dimensionality. An accurate theoretical description of their spectral properties has necessarily to deal with the absence of periodicity that characterizes these systems in one (thin films) or more (adatoms) directions. The embedding method allows to overcome this drawback considering a really infinite system both on vacuum and bulk side. In this thesis the ab initio spectral properties of single adatoms (alkali-metal atom and Ba) on Cu(111) and thin overlayers (K/Cu(111), Bi/Cu(100), O/Fe(100)) are analyzed, also in comparison with experimental results. The capabilities of the theoretical method adopted allow to evidence the role of the substrate band structure on the adsorbates induced electronic states. In particular the aspects related to the resonant charge transfer from the adsorbate's states to the bulk continuum are analyzed. This process represents an elastic decay channel for the surface electronic states and contributes to the elastic lifetime, that we can estimate according to the description of a continuous substrate band structure. The results presented for single adatoms evidence the blockade effect that a surface projected energy gap of the substrate produces on the resonant charge transfer. On the other hand the results relative to the overlayer allows to analyze the complex hybridization mechanism between surface features and substrate states in different points of the surface Brillouin zone. In addition the theoretical description of the electronic properties of overlayers on metal surfaces is devoted in this thesis also to the simulation of experimental findings, namely STM and STS images and photoemission spectra, showing the predictive character of the theoretical approach used.

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Gerth, Christopher Marc. "Infrared absorption studies of two different types of self-assembled monolayers : alkanethiols deposited from aqueous solution and surface confined polymerization of polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) using metal overlayer attenuated total reflectance (ATR) and single bounce germanium attenuated total reflectance (GATR) spectroscopies /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2005. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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Amft, Tobias Verfasser], Kálmán [Gutachter] Graffi, and Martin [Gutachter] [Mauve. "The Impact of Resource Sharing on Coexisting P2P Overlays and Stacked Overlay Modules / Tobias Amft ; Gutachter: Kalman Graffi, Martin Mauve." Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1148066845/34.

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Books on the topic "Overlayer"

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Faulkner, I. Surface science of metal/overlayer systems for biosensors and self-assembled layers. UMIST, 1994.

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Collins, Suzanne. Gregor the Overlander. Scholastic Press, 2003.

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Collins, Suzanne. Gregor the Overlander. Thorndike Press, 2005.

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Collins, Suzanne. Gregor the Overlander. Scholastic Press, 2003.

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Norton, Floyd L. Overlay test. Boston College Press, 2000.

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Maas, Tim. Overlay Handicapping. Overlay Publications, 1997.

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Ceelan, Will. Structure and morphology of thin metallic overlayers. Eindhoven University, 1997.

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Basker, R. M. Overdentures in general dental practice. 2nd ed. British Dental Association, 1988.

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Basker, R. M. Overdentures in general dental practice. 2nd ed. British Dental Association, 1988.

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Watson, Donald E., and Michael Heitzman. Thin Asphalt Concrete Overlays. Transportation Research Board, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.17226/22337.

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Book chapters on the topic "Overlayer"

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Wang, G. C., J. K. Zuo, and T. M. Lu. "Kinetics of Overlayer Growth." In NATO ASI Series. Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5970-8_24.

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Weaver, J. H. "Overlayer Formation on High-Temperature Superconductors." In Interfaces in High-Tc Superconducting Systems. Springer New York, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2584-3_7.

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Laubschat, C., M. Prietsch, M. Domke, et al. "Influence of Overlayer Metallization on Schottky-Barrier Formation." In NATO ASI Series. Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0795-2_27.

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Tsukada, M., N. Shima, Z. Zhu, H. Ishida, and K. Terakura. "Electronic Structure and Excitations of Metal Overlayer on Semiconductor Surfaces." In NATO ASI Series. Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0795-2_23.

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Draper, Charles F., David M. Schaefer, Richard J. Colton, and Steven M. Hues. "Effect of Overlayer Thickness on the Nanoindentation of SiO2 /Si." In Forces in Scanning Probe Methods. Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0049-6_7.

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Rubin, James B., Craig M. V. Taylor, Patricia Paviet-Hartmann, and Thomas Hartmann. "Ash Cements Stabilized by Supercritical Co2 Carbonation for Tailings Pond Overlayer." In Turning a Problem into a Resource: Remediation and Waste Management at the Sillamäe Site, Estonia. Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4092-8_31.

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Whitman, L. J., Joseph A. Stroscio, R. A. Dragoset, and R. J. Celotta. "Alkali Metals on III-V (110) Semiconductor Surfaces: Overlayer Properties and Manipulation Via STM." In Atomic and Nanometer-Scale Modification of Materials: Fundamentals and Applications. Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2024-1_3.

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Eguiluz, A. G., and J. A. Gaspar. "Dynamical Response of an Overlayer of Alkali-Metal Atoms Adsorbed on a Free-Electron Metal Surface." In Springer Proceedings in Physics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76376-2_4.

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Johnson, A. D. "The Initial Stages of Overlayer Growth Studied Using High Energy Electron Forward Scattering: Cr/Ag(100)." In Physics, Fabrication, and Applications of Multilayered Structures. Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0091-6_19.

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Furukawa, S. "Overlayers." In Springer Proceedings in Physics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71446-7_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Overlayer"

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Konnur, Tanmay S., Krutikesh Sahoo, Randall Irwin, Vineeth Harish, Jui-Han Liu, and Subramanian S. Iyer. "A High Throughput Low-Temperature Coppercopper Thermal Compression Bonding Scheme Using Tin Overlayer." In 2025 IEEE 75th Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/ectc51687.2025.00322.

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Mebrahtu, Thomas, and Kenneth J. Del Rossi. "SEM and XPS Characterization of the Carbon Steel Surface Passivation Film in Anhydrous HF Media." In CORROSION 1995. NACE International, 1995. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1995-95341.

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Abstract We have performed a surface characterization study in attempts to identify the chemical species that constitute the iron fluoride-based passivation film in the anhydrous HF/carbon steel system. Relative to untreated carbon steel, anhydrous HF-exposed samples have a homogeneous surface with an unaltered overall morphology. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) data have provided detailed fundamental insight into the chemical nature of the surface passivation film. We have discovered that, upon exposure to anhydrous HF media, carbon steel passivates by forming an FeF2-based film (&gt; 1000 Å), with a terminating Fe(III) fluoride overlayer (&lt; 50 Å). The proposed fluoride film structure is discussed in context of published surface science literature and known metal oxide passivation chemistry.

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Nabi, Tarik M., Hideo Sambé, and David E. Ramaker. "A Novel Anodic Dissolution Treatment on Pure Aluminum Dramatically Improves Its Passivation." In CORROSION 1999. NACE International, 1999. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1999-99325.

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Abstract A study of the anodic dissolution of polycrystalline aluminum utilizing in-situ Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is reported. Using a novel snodic dissolution treatment, square terraced pyramids (or “ziggurats”) of constant width are formed on the surface. AFM contour and profile plots reveal the extremely square and flat surfaces of the plateaus on top of the ziggurats, all of them having nearly the same size. This treatment on an Al sample is also shown to yield a substantial improvement in its passivation and corrosion properties. The improved passivation obtained through this method is comparable to that obtained by ion-implantation of passivating metals studied by other authors. This improvement is believed to result from a change in the oxide/metal charge distribution, as a consequence of the band bending in the oxide overlayer.

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Lai, George, and Philip Hulsizer. "Corrosion & Erosion/Corrosion Protection by Modern Weld Overlays in Low NOX, Coal-Fired Boilers." In CORROSION 2000. NACE International, 2000. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2000-00258.

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Abstract This paper describes modern automatic overlay technology for applying weld overlay for surface protection of the waterwall and superheater/reheater tubes against corrosion or erosion/corrosion in utility coal-fired boilers. The discussion also includes the general characteristics and properties of modern weld overlays and the successful applications of the overlays to protect the lower furnace against sulfidation in boilers equipped with low NOx burners as well as boiler tubes against soot blower erosion/corrosion. Applications of weld overlay composite tubes for solving coal ash corrosion problems and erosion/corrosion problems associated with superheaters and for solving carburization problems encountered in reheaters are also discussed.

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Brennan, Michael S., and Roland C. Gassmann. "Laser Cladding of Nickel and Iron Base Alloys on Boiler Waterwall Panels and Tubes." In CORROSION 2000. NACE International, 2000. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2000-00235.

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Abstract Three industries (power generation, paper and steel) have been faced with finding means to protect and extend the operating cycles of their boilers due either to the fuel they burn, method of combustion, and/or the impact of environmental regulations. A common method to protect these tube surfaces is to use weld overlays. In coal-fired boilers with tangential or wall mounted Low NOx burners, corrosion resistant overlays are being used to lower wastage rates caused by the reduced environment above the burners. Also, in some cases high ash levels have resulted in the need for erosion resistant overlays around soot blower openings and sloped walls. Cyclone, fluidized-bed, and basic oxygen furnace (BOF) boilers use overlays to resist particle erosion. Black liquor recovery boilers and waste-to-energy boilers use overlays to resist corrosion damage from the fuels being burned. As an improved overlay alternative, the laser cladding process: (1) produces a very low dilution overlay (typically 5%) to obtain the optimum benefits of the alloy being deposited even at a low thickness of 0.020” (0.5mm) and (2) increases the selection range of materials since the process can utilize powders [1].

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Lu, Q., Mf Gittos, K. Govender, and V. Kumar. "Effect of Iron Content on Corrosion Resistance of Ni-Cr-Mo Alloy Weld Overlays in H2S-containing Environments." In CORROSION 2016. NACE International, 2016. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2016-07629.

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Abstract Corrosion tests were carried out to determine the effect of iron content on localised corrosion and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) resistance of Ni-Cr-Mo alloy weld overlays (i.e. Alloy 625) in H2S environments. In addition, the influence of iron content on the fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) of the weld overlay in both air and a sour environment was investigated. Weld overlays with a range of iron contents (5–36%), were examined. These weld overlays were manufactured using gas metal arc/metal inert gas (GMA/MIG) welding and gas tungsten arc/tungsten inert gas (GTA/TIG) welding techniques and the required iron level in the weld overlay was achieved by changing the welding parameters. SCC tests were conducted in 25%w/v sodium chloride (NaCl) solution containing H2S and CO2 (pH2S=14 bara, pCO2=28 bara) at 177°C. FCGR tests were conducted in air and in 25%w/v NaCl solution saturated with an H2S/CO2 gas mixture (pH2S=0.4 bara) at ambient temperature and pressure.

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Kompally, Satya, and Jeff Liu. "Importance of Quality Control of Wear Resistant Overlays in Oil Sands Production Operations." In CONFERENCE 2022. AMPP, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2022-17838.

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Abstract Equipment and piping in Oil Sands operations are subject to erosion, abrasion and impact wear while handling dry ore and wet slurry. Wear resistant overlays play a very important role in extending the service life of various equipment and piping in Oil Sands production operations. Tungsten carbide overlays and chromium carbide overlays are widely used to increase the wear resistance of equipment and piping. Bonding with the base material, overlay chemistry, carbide distribution, carbide volume fraction, dilution, and through thickness hardness are all important factors in determining the wear resistance and service life of overlays. Qualification and production testing are necessary to ensure the quality of the overlays. Service life of overlays depend on the quality control process adopted during the fabrication process. Wear resistant overlays have been in use for a very long time. Lots of work has been done in the last 10 years to increase the service life of overlays and minimize unexpected premature failures. A significant part of this work was focused on quality control and testing requirements of the overlays. This resulted in new testing methodologies and improved inspection requirements.

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Eckhardt, M., A. Ossenberg-Engels, L. Zell, and L. Paul. "Filler Metal 50 as a Weld Overlay in Waste Incineration Applications." In CORROSION 2005. NACE International, 2005. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2005-05311.

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Abstract The lifetime of boiler tubes and waterwall panels in waste incineration plants can be increased significantly by weld cladding. For this purpose FM 625 is widely used. In lab trials in artificial waste incinceration gas and in field trials in waste incineration plants also overlay weldments of FM 50 on carbon steel showed excellent corrosion resistance. Due to its demonstrated corrosion resistance and because of its good weldability FM 50 was recently selected as a weld overlay material for super heater tubes of a waste incineration plant in Italy.; This paper introduces FM 50 and presents its application for use as weld overlays on water-wall and super heater tubes. The behavior of weld overlays of FM 50 in artificial waste incineration gas atmospheres are compared to those of FM 625. Results of field trials show the applicability of FM 50 under real waste incineration conditions.

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Li, Bingtao, Vinay Deodeshmukh, Clara Schlereth, Anke S. Ulrich, and Mathias C. Galetz. "Metal Dusting Resistance of N06235 Alloy and Its Weld Overlay under High Pressure Condition." In CONFERENCE 2022. AMPP, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2022-17570.

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Abstract A relatively new N06235 alloy has been developed to offer excellent metal dusting resistance by utilizing the effect of copper on inhibiting carbon deposition and graphite formation, and its weld overlay could provide a cost-efficient alternative for metal dusting and other high temperature corrosion protection. The current paper studied metal dusting resistance of the N06235 alloy and its weld overlays, which were applied by Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) or Hot-Wire Laser process on N06230 alloy plate, along with a wrought N06025 alloy for comparison. The metal dusting test was conducted in a 47CO-47H2-2H2O-4CO2 gas with high carbon activity under 18bar pressure at 620°C. The test coupons were periodically removed from the furnace to measure weight change and check on metal dusting attack. After 790h exposure, the N06235 alloy and its weld overlays showed excellent metal dusting resistance, while metal dusting attack was observed on the wrought alloys, N06025 and N06230, after the first 50h exposure. Metallurgical examination after the metal dusting test was performed to characterize the metal dusting attack on the N06235 weld overlay and the wrought alloys N06025 and N06230. Detailed investigation and discussion on the N06235 weld overlays, including oxide scale, surface pit, and subsurface chemistry change, were presented.

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Jones, M., and R. J. Llewellyn. "Erosion-Corrosion Assessment of WC-Based PTAW Overlays." In CORROSION 2010. NACE International, 2010. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2010-10138.

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Abstract Two commercially available tungsten carbide-based, Ni alloy binder PTAW overlays which had both previously exhibited excellent resistance to slurry erosion (in substantially non-corrosive conditions) and abrasion were assessed in a more corrosive wear slurry environment. One overlay consisted of a 50 vol.% mixture of crushed eutectic (WC/W2C), spherical eutectic and macrocrystalline WC particles in a NiBFeSi matrix, whilst the other contained 50 vol.% macrocrystalline WC in a NiCrBSi matrix. Initial microstructural examination of the mixed carbide/NiBSi overlay, confirmed that substantial dissolution/degradation of the spherical eutectic and crushed eutectic carbides had occurred as a consequence of interaction with its matrix alloy constituent at the high temperatures encountered during arc deposition. Conversely, the macrocrystalline WC-based overlay exhibited very limited carbide dissolution or degradation. The total erosion-corrosion (E-C) rate, as well as the separate components of erosion, corrosion and synergy, was established using a novel Slurry Pot Erosion Corrosion (SPEC) tester. The E-C rate for the macro WC/NiCrBSi overlay was approximately four times less than the E-C rate for the mixed carbide/NiBSi overlay, which performed comparatively poorly. The mixed carbide/NiBSi overlay displayed a very large synergistic value, which accounted for 90% of the total erosion-corrosion (E-C) rate, with the macro WC/NiCrBSi showing a synergy level accounting for 50% of the total E-C rate. To establish and compare the damage mechanisms affecting both overlays, a novel technique was implemented where specific regions were examined using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) before and after SPEC testing. This procedure was applied to determine any preferential attack that was occurring and to elucidate the reasons for the significantly different E-C performance of the two products. The main reasons for the inferior performance of the mixed carbide/NiBSi overlay were found to be due to attack of the non-Cr bearing matrix and preferential removal of the W/Ni-rich boundary layer and eta- carbides, formed around the eutectic carbides during deposition.

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Reports on the topic "Overlayer"

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Unertl, W. N., M. Grunze, and D. Frankel. Overlayer Adhesion and Passivation of Electronic Materials. Defense Technical Information Center, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada254783.

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Wu, R., and A. J. Freeman. Metal-ceramic interfaces: Overlayer-induced reconstruction and magnetism of 4d transition-metal monolayers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/69417.

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Yala, S., and P. A. Montano. HRLEED and STM study of misoriented Si(100) with and without a Te overlayer. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/432991.

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Al-Qadi, Imad, Aravind Ramakrishnan, Zehui Zhu, et al. Optimized Hot-Mix Asphalt Lift Configuration for Performance. Illinois Center for Transportation, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/23-006.

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Researchers conducted eight large-scale laboratory tests to assess the combined impact of hot-mix asphalt (HMA) overlay mix and thickness on its performance to control reflective cracking. Bonding efficiency, flexibility, and stiffness of the HMA mix as well as overlay thickness significantly affect an overlay’s performance against reflective cracking. Researchers developed a generalized 3D finite-element model to predict an overlay’s reflective cracking potential and generated a database of 128 cases. They also developed a data-driven surrogate model to predict reflective cracking potential that engineers can easily use. Life-cycle cost analysis of overlay alternatives was performed using Illinois Department of Transportation’s unit prices from contracts between 2018 and 2019. The researchers identified optimal overlay configurations to control reflective cracking. An overlay composed of a 1.5 in (38.1 mm) SMA-9.5 or 1.25 in (31.8 mm) IL-9.5FG surface course and a 0.75 in (19.1 mm) IL-4.75 binder course had the lowest annual cost per mile among non-interstate projects. For interstate projects, an overlay composed of a 2 in (50.8 mm) SMA-12.5 surface course and a 2.25 in (57.2 mm) IL-19.0 binder course was the most cost-effective. The study concluded that to control reflective cracking and to reduce life-cycle cost, an overlay composed of an SMA-9.5 surface course and an IL-4.75 binder course is recommended for non-interstate projects. An IL-9.5FG surface course and an IL-4.75 binder course are suggested for low-volume and low-speed roads. For interstate projects, an overlay comprised of an SMA-12.5 surface course and an IL-19.0 binder course is recommended. A data-driven surrogate model may be used to design overlay thicknesses.

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Nageswaran, Channa. PR-164-114512-R01 CRA Weld Overlay Pipes for Subsea Application. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010813.

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A literature search was executed to find recorded applications of welding process weld overlay manufacture. Based on the literature review TIG welding was selected for the fabrication of weld overlay in this project. TIG welding with both hotwire and cold wire addition was investigated and a procedure has be developed for producing 4mm thick cladding with �Fe� content less than 5% on the surface. Capability of currently available NDT techniques for the inspection of flaws in TIG welded overlays has been investigated. Plate samples were manufactured and inspected with the developed procedures. Small scale and full scale fatigue testing was carried out to understand the effect of weld over cladding on fatigue performance. This document reports details and results.

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Lane, Lerose, R. Gary Hicks, DingXin Cheng, and Erik Updyke. Manual for Thin Asphalt Overlays. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2020.1906.

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This manual presents best practices on project selection, mix design, and construction to ensure a superior product when constructing thin asphalt overlays. Experience shows these treatments provide excellent performance when placed on pavements in fair to good condition using proper construction techniques. Though sometime referred to by other names, thin asphalt overlays have been widely used for pavement preservation throughout the world for over 50 years. Limited infrastructure funding at the local, state, and federal levels has resulted in greater emphasis on the use of pavement preservation techniques to extend pavement life and reduce maintenance costs. Thin asphalt overlays are one of many preventative maintenance treatments. Thin asphalt overlays are placed directly on existing pavement and can range from 1/2 inch to 1 1/2 inches in thickness. Thin asphalt overlays have proven to be an economical means for maintaining and improving the functional condition of an existing pavement since the 1960s. Specifically, this manual provides guidance for engineers regarding where and when to use thin asphalt overlays including: (1) Types and variations of thin overlays; (2) Materials and the design process; (3) Construction; (4) Quality Assurance; and (5) Troubleshooting. This chapter by chapter guidance enables an Agency’s engineers to design and construct a successful thin asphalt overlay project to completion. This manual is one of four new manuals prepared by the California Pavement Preservation Center (CP2Center) using funding from California Senate Bill 1 (SB-1), passed in April 2017. The other three manuals provide detailed design and construction information for (1) chip seals, (2) slurry surfacing, and (3) Cape seals. The creation of these manuals was a task funded entirely from SB-1 monies for the purpose of disseminating training and technical information on highway pavement preservation to local agencies throughout California.

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DeSantis, John, and Jeffery Roesler. Performance Evaluation of Stabilized Support Layers for Concrete Pavements. Illinois Center for Transportation, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/22-003.

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A research investigation was conducted on the erosion potential of stabilized subbases under concrete pavements and asphalt layers supporting concrete overlays. Through field surveys and testing in Illinois, this project evaluated if existing concrete pavements with stabilized subbases and concrete overlays were exhibiting potential erosion of the underlying support layer. The field evaluation testing included falling weight deflectometer testing, distress surveys, coring, and ultrasonic tomography scanning. A laboratory performance test was also established using the Hamburg wheel-tracking device to assess the erodibility of the various stabilized subbase layers for new construction and existing asphalt layers available for a concrete overlay. The analyzed field test results were coupled together with the laboratory performance testing to provide recommendations for updating the Illinois Department of Transportation’s “Bureau of Design and Environment Manual” guidance. No changes were recommended for hot-mix asphalt stabilized subbases, but testing using the Hamburg wheel-tracking device should be considered for Portland cement concrete stabilized support layers (e.g., CAM II) under concrete pavements. For testing of asphalt support layers for concrete pavement overlays, the Hamburg wheel-tracking device is recommended with performance criteria similar to flexible pavements for appropriate functional classes.

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Sakulneya, Apidej, Connor Anderson, Jesus Castro-Perez, and Jeffery Roesler. Performance and Design of Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavements. Illinois Center for Transportation, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/24-011.

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This report focuses on the calibration of a design framework for continuously reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP) developed in 2009 by using the most recent performance data acquired from existing CRCP sections in Illinois. Field performance data were used to update the fatigue damage to punchout model coefficients in the design framework. A sensitivity analysis was performed on the updated CRCP design program to determine its sensitivity to traffic levels, shoulder type, and support conditions as well as its magnitude relative to jointed plain concrete pavement design curves. Additionally, the new CRCP design charts were compared to AASHTOWare Pavement ME Design predicted CRCP slab thicknesses for the same inputs. Lastly, AASHTOWare Pavement ME Design was run to predict the performance of CRCP overlays in Illinois and compare the performance data of seven unbonded concrete overlays constructed in Illinois. AASHTOWare Pavement ME Design was then used to generate CRCP overlay thickness design tables for different traffic levels, shoulder types, and support conditions.

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Baah, Prince. Implementing Epoxy Injection in Concrete Overlaid Bridge Decks. Purdue University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317588.

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Concrete overlays have proven to be an effective maintenance treatment as they slow de-icing chemical and water penetration into the original deck surface. Typically, due to vibration, structural flexibility, and weak bond between the concrete overlay and deck concrete potentially due to poor construction, de-bonding develops at the boundary between the original deck and overlay. This de-bonding creates voids, providing reservoir for chloride laden water to fill after it penetrates cracks in the surface. Displacing this liquid solution and filling these cracks with epoxy helps reduce freeze/thaw cycling and reduces spalling. The epoxy material protects the bridge deck from moisture and helps support the overlay and prevent it from failing under traffic loads. This leads to an extension of the asset life span and life cycle cost benefit increase. Overall, the bridge infrastructure performance improves significantly with greater mobility and less traffic interruptions due to repairs to bridges on our roadway infrastructures. Epoxy injection helps extends the service life of bridge decks and reduces the need for emergency bridge deck patching and as a result improves safety of road users. Epoxy injection has been added to INDOT’s Maintenance Work Performance Standards during the course of this study.

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León, Carlos, and Kimmo Soramäki. The Next Generation RTGS: Liquidity Saving Mechanisms as an Overlay Service. FNA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69701/cfcz133.

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Between 1985 and 2006, a total of 96 central banks implemented Real-time Gross Settlement (RTGS) systems. The adoption of this technology was driven to reduce risks inherent in the then-predominant Deferred Net Settlement (DNS) systems. However, because RTGS systems consume large amounts of liquidity when each payment is settled individually, many RTGS systems (e.g., CHAPS and Target2) implemented Liquidity-Saving Mechanisms (LSMs) of varying complexity, with most deploying variations of the algorithm presented by Morten Bech and Kimmo Soramäki (the co-author) in 2001. Many of these systems are now at the end of their investment cycle, and a conversation has begun on what technology the next generation of RTGS systems should employ. In this paper, we argue that the concept of an LSM Overlay Service that separates the functioning of the core central bank ledger, the RTGS system, and the LSMs has several benefits over existing system architectures. An LSM Overlay Service will rearrange how interbank payments are processed. This service overlays the RTGS system with LSMs that resequence (and in case of PvP or DvP synchronise) payment orders before they reach a "thin" RTGS system with very basic operational processing functionality. Introducing the LSM Overlay Service unlocks many benefits for financial institutions while preserving the central bank's mandate to guarantee the safe and efficient functioning of the payment system with a more resilient service at a lower cost.

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