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Park, Young Hyun. "Overwash induced by storm conditions." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1171.
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Alarcon, Joshua H. "Overwash Controls on Barrier Island Morphodynamics during Storms." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2017. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2289.
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Overwash, shoreface retreat, and barrier migration are common processes occurring in transgressive barrier island systems, the scale of which is exacerbated by sea level rise, subsidence and the frequency and magnitude of tropical and extratropical storms. Barrier morphology also clearly plays a key role in determining a morphological response to these processes. Using a hydrodynamic and sediment transport model (MIKE21) and selected barrier island and shoreface templates, informed by deltaic and coastal plain systems in the northern Gulf of Mexico, I performed simulations to determine barrier morphology in response to storms. A low dune with a gentle shoreface slope, characteristic of Louisiana deltaic barriers, demonstrates the greatest amount of shoreline erosion, dune overwash and barrier migration in response to a storm. Profile evolutions over time demonstrate the wider dune templates respond mostly via dune aggradation and barrier rollover whereas the narrow or low templates respond via dune overwash and barrier translation. Determining which barrier templates retain the most sediment over time becomes extremely important when planning coastal restoration projects here in Louisiana.
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Foxgrover, Amy C. "Quantifying the Overwash Component of Barrier Island Morphodynamics: Onslow Beach, NC." W&M ScholarWorks, 2009. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617888.
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A quantification of the role that barrier island overwash plays in the evolution of Onslow Beach, a barrier island located on Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, North Carolina, is presented. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and sediment vibracores provide an estimate of the relevant-sand prism above a silty/peat contact underlying the island. The average thickness from the surface, as determined from lidar, to this geologically-defined base, is less than 1 m and equates a total volume of approximately 1.8 ± 1.1 × 106 m3 over the 4.8 km stretch of Onslow Beach from 1 km north of the New River Inlet to Riseley Pier (~ 2 km2). Approximately 39% of the relevant-sand prism (680 ± 215 x 103 m3) is contained within the area of the island currently exhibiting signs of overwash events (i.e., the active overwash complex). Based upon the average cumulative thickness of distinct washover facies within 12 sediment cores (52 cm) and the surface area of the active overwash region, it is estimated that the volume sedimentologically distinct washover deposits equals 199 ± 88 × 103 m3 (approximately 29% of the active overwash complex or 11% of the entire relevant-sand prism).
A time series of aerial imagery from 1938 to 2008 details the spatial and temporal trends in migration of both the wet/dry line (a shoreline proxy) and the vegetation line (indicating the landward extent of overwash). Long-term shoreline erosion rates in excess of 3 m/yr occurred over the southern portion of Onslow Beach while the northern portion experienced up to 1.7 m/yr of accretion within the same 80-year time span. Between 1938 and 2008, the vegetation line moved an average of 85 m landward over the length of the entire island and over 450 m in overwash sites at the southern end of the island where shoreline erosion rates are highest. A comparison with long-term shoreline change rates suggests that a simple linear relationship between spatial and temporal variability in shoreline behavior and volume of the relevant-sand prism does not exist.
Trends based upon the past 80 years suggest that a positive correlation exists between storm frequency and overwash extent. Furthermore, the region experiencing the highest rates of shoreline erosion and the highest occurrence of overwash does not coincide with the area regularly subject to military training activities. These data suggest that natural forcings (sea level, wind and wave energy, geology, etc.) exert first-order control on the evolution of this barrier island. The ability to quantify and evaluate the relative importance of such forces is paramount to understanding how, and over what timescales, the nearshore environment responds to changes in external forcings (e.g., sea-level rise, storms, etc.) and, in turn, is fundamental to the development of reliable forecasts of shoreline trends and storm susceptibility models.
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Carruthers, Emily A. "Quantifying overwash flux in barrier systems : an example from Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, USA." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69471.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2011.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 68-74).<br>Coastal barriers are particularly susceptible to the predicted effects of accelerated of sea-level rise and the potential for increased impacts of intense storms. Over centennial scales, barriers are maintained via overtopping during storms, causing deposition of washover fans on their landward sides. This study examines three washover fans on the south shore of Martha's Vineyard using a suite of data including vibracores, ground penetrating radar, high resolution dGPS, and LiDAR data. From these data, the volumes of the deposits were determined and range from 2.1-2.4 x 10⁴ m³. Two overwashes occurred during Hurricane Bob in 1991. The water levels produced by this storm have a return interval of ~28 years, resulting in an onshore sediment flux of 2.4-3.4 m³/m/yr. The third washover was deposited by a nor'easter in January 1997, which has a water level return interval of ~6 years, resulting in a flux of 8.5 m³/m/yr. These fluxes are smaller than the flux of sediment needed to maintain a geometrically stable barrier estimated from shoreline retreat rates, suggesting that the barrier is not in long-term equilibrium, a result supported by the thinning of the barrier over this time interval.<br>by Emily A. Carruthers.<br>S.M.
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Woodruff, Jonathan Dalrymple. "Tropical cyclones within the sedimentary record : analyzing overwash deposition from event to millennial timescales." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/55332.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2009.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>Tropical cyclone activity over the last 5000 years is investigated using overwash sediments from coastal lagoons on the islands of Vieques, Puerto Rico and Koshikijima, Japan. A simple sediment transport model can reproduce the landward fining deposits observed at Vieques, and reveals that although the record exhibits centennial-tomillennial changes in hurricane overwash frequency, the magnitude of these flooding events has remained relatively constant. Stochastic simulations of hurricane overwash show that breaks in activity at Vieques are extremely long and unlikely to occur under the current hurricane climatology and the present barrier morphology. Periods of less frequent hurricane deposition at Vieques are contemporaneous with intervals of increased El Nifio occurrences and reduced precipitation in West Africa, suggesting a dominant influence by these two climatic phenomena. Hiatuses in overwash activity between 3600-to-2500 and 1000-500 years ago are longer than what is generated by overwash simulations under a constant El Niflo-like state, indicating that mechanisms in addition to variability in the El Nifio/Southern Oscillation are required to completely produce the overwash variability at Vieques. Periods of low overwash activity at Vieques are concurrent with increased overwash activity at Kamikoshiki and may indicate a correspondence between tropical cyclone activity in the western Northern Atlantic and the western North Pacific.<br>by Jonathan D. Woodruff.<br>Ph.D.
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Smallegan, Stephanie Marie. "Morphological Change of a Developed Barrier Island due to Hurricane Forcing." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/79694.
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An estimated 10% of the world's population lives in low-lying coastal regions, which are vulnerable to storm surge and waves capable of causing loss of lives and billions of dollars in damage to coastal infrastructure. Among the most vulnerable coastlines are barrier islands, which often act as the first line of defense against storms for the mainland coast. In this dissertation, the physical damage to a developed barrier island (Bay Head, NJ, USA) caused by erosion during Hurricane Sandy (2012) is evaluated using the numerical model, XBeach. Three main objectives of this work are to evaluate the wave-force reducing capabilities of a buried seawall, the effects of bay surge on morphological change and the effectiveness of adaptation strategies to rising sea levels. According to simulation results, a buried seawall located beneath the nourished dunes in Bay Head reduced wave attack by a factor of 1.7 compared to locations without a seawall. The structure also prevented major erosion by blocking bay surge from inundating dunes from the backside, as observed in locations not fronted with a seawall. Altering the timing and magnitude of bay storm surge, the buried seawall continued to protect the island from catastrophic erosion under all conditions except for a substantial increase in bay surge. However, in the absence of a seawall, the morpho- logical response was highly dependent on bay surge levels with respect to ocean side surge. Compared to the damage sustained by the island during Hurricane Sandy, greater erosion was observed on the island for an increase in bay surge magnitude or when peak bay surge occurred after peak ocean surge. Considering sea level rise, which affects bay and ocean surge levels, adaptation strategies were evaluated on the protection afforded to the dune system and backbarrier. Of the sea level rise scenarios and adaptation strategies considered, raising the dune and beach protected the island under moderate rises in sea level, but exacerbated backbarrier erosion for the most extreme scenario. Although an extreme strategy, raising the island is the only option considered that protected the island from catastrophic erosion under low, moderate and extreme sea level rise.<br>Ph. D.
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Switzer, Adam D. "Depositional characteristics of recent and late Holocene overwash sandsheets in coastal embayments from southeast Australia." Access electronically, 2005. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20051202.112948/index.html.
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McCall, Robert Timothy. "Process-based modelling of storm impacts on gravel coasts." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/3929.
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Gravel beaches and barriers occur on many high-latitude, wave-dominated coasts across the world. Due to their natural ability to dissipate large amounts of wave energy, gravel coasts are widely regarded as an effective and sustainable form of coastal defence. However, during extreme events waves may overtop, overwash, and even lower, the crest of the gravel beach, flooding the hinterland. In the evaluation of the safety of gravel coasts against flooding, coastal managers currently rely on models that have been shown in previous studies to be inaccurate. The research in this thesis attempts to improve the current predictive capacity of gravel beach storm response by developing a new process-based model to simulate storm impacts on gravel coasts. The numerical model developed in this thesis, called XBeach-G, is a morphodynamic, depth-averaged, cross-shore profile model, based on the XBeach model for sandy coasts (Roelvink et al., 2009). The model simulates the morphological response of gravel beaches and barriers to storms by solving: (1) intra-wave flow and surface elevation variations using a non-hydrostatic extension of the non-linear shallow water equations; (2) groundwater processes, including infiltration and exfiltration, using a Darcy-Forchheimer-type model; and (3) bed load transport of gravel using a modification of the Van Rijn (2007a) bed load transport equation to include flow acceleration effects, which are shown to be significant on coarse-grained beaches. The model is extensively validated for hydrodynamics, groundwater dynamics and morphodynamics using detailed data collected in physical model experiments, as well as data collected in the field on four natural gravel beaches in the UK and one in France. Validation results show that the model has high quantitative skill in simulating observed hydrodynamics on gravel beaches across a wide range of forcing conditions, in particular with regard to wave transformation, wave run-up and wave overtopping. Spatial and temporal variations in groundwater head are shown to be well represented in the model through comparison to data recorded in a physical model experiment. Validation of the morphodynamic component of XBeach-G shows that the model has high model skill (median BSS 0.75) in simulating storm impacts on five gravel beaches during ten storm events, with observed morphodynamic response ranging from berm-building to barrier rollover. The model is used to investigate hydrodynamic processes on gravel beaches during storms, where it is found that incident-band variance is elemental in the generation of wave run-up on gravel beaches. Furthermore, simulations of wave run-up during high-energy wave events show a distinct disparity between run-up predicted by empirical relations based on the Iribarren parameter and wave steepness, and run-up predicted by XBeach-G, where predictions by the empirical relations substantially underestimate observed wave run-up. Groundwater processes are shown, by means of sensitivity simulations, to strongly affect the morphodynamic response of gravel beaches and barriers to storms. The research in this thesis supports the hypothesis that infiltration in the swash is a key driver for the berm-building response of gravel beaches and helps to reduce erosion of the upper beach during storms. Through model simulations on a schematic gravel barrier it is shown that groundwater processes effectively increases the capacity of gravel barriers to withstand storms with 1-3 m higher surge levels than if groundwater processes did not occur. Reducing the width of a barrier leads to a lowering of this capacity, thereby reducing the resilience of the barrier to extreme storm events. Despite its strong influence on gravel beach morphodynamics, it is found that infiltration plays a relatively small role on wave run-up levels on most natural gravel beaches (median R 2% run-up level reduction of 8%). Application of the model in validation simulations and sensitivity simulations in this thesis, as well as in storm hindcast simulations discussed by McCall et al. (2013) shows the value of using the process-based XBeach-G model in coastal flooding analysis over the use of empirical tools. While no model can be considered entirely accurate, application of XBeach-G in all hindcast overwash simulations has lead to reasonable estimates of overtopping discharge and of morphological change, which is a significant improvement over the frequently substantial errors of the empirical tool designed for this purpose.
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Griffis, Anne. "Identifying Overwash Deposits in Arid Environments| Towards a Millennial-Scale Record of Cyclones and Makran Trench Tsunamis from Sur Lagoon, Oman." Thesis, The University of Southern Mississippi, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10751544.
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<p> Coastlines along the Arabian Sea are susceptible to marine inundation from Makran Subduction Zone (MSZ) earthquakes and tropical cyclones. Sediments deposited by these forms of inundation can expand the decadal instrumental record of events to include millennial timescales in regions without rich historical records (i.e., Oman). On November 28, 1945 a 8.1 M<sub>w</sub> MSZ earthquake generated a tsunami that inundated coastlines of the Arabian sea with wave heights as high as 13m. The stratigraphic, sedimentological, foraminiferal, and geochemical signatures of deposit were examined from a small (12 km²), microtidal lagoon in Sur, Oman. The 1945 tsunami deposit contained distinctive taphonomic assemblages of foraminifera and bivalves. Below the 41cm thick 1945 shell-rich deposit at Sur Lagoon, seven additional anomalous sand (mean grain size of 3.73&phis; ± 1.66; very fine sand) layers, ranging in thickness from 7 to 32cm, were found preserved within fine-grained lagoonal sediment (mean grain size of 4.44&phis; ± 1.66; very coarse silt). The seven inferred overwash layers have features consistent with the 1945 tsunami deposit such as fining upward trends, marine foraminifera (e.g., <i> Amphistegina</i> spp., planktics) and increased concentrations of calcium and strontium. By contrast, the surrounding lagoon deposits contain finer grain sizes, intertidal and nearshore foraminifera (e.g., <i>Ammonia tepida</i>, miliolids), and increased concentrations of titanium and magnesium. Based on these data, the seven overwash layers found below the 1945 tsunami deposit have been attributed to marine inundation. Radiocarbon dating indicated an age of 3127 to 2515 cal yr BP for the deepest stratigraphic unit.</p><p>
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Dalman, Mark R. "Paleotempestology and Depositional History of Clear Pond, San Salvador Island, Bahamas." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1259729072.
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Tweddle, Gavin Paul. "The influence of overwash and breaching events on the spatial and temporal patterns in ichthyofauna community composition in a temporarily open/closed southern African estuary." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002957.
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This study assessed the importance of overwash and breaching events on the ichthyofaunal community structure in the medium-sized temporarily open/closed Mpekweni Estuary located on the southeast coastline of southern Africa. The fish in the littoral zone of the estuary were sampled using a 5m seine net while the channel region was sampled using two nets, a smaller meshed 30m seine net to target the estuarine spawning species and the juvenile estuarine-dependant marine spawners, and a larger meshed 50m seine net to target the larger marine and freshwater spawning species. Intensive monthly sampling over two years provided data on selected physico-chemical and biological parameters. During the two year sampling period from November 2005 to October 2007 the estuary breached in late July 2006 and remained open till the sandbar re-formed across the mouth in late December 2006. Thus, sampling encompassed three open/closed phases 1) initial closed period, 2) open period and 3) re-closed period after the berm was re-formed. The open period was divided into two phases 1) the out-flow phase and 2) the tidal phase. A total of 36 fish species representing 19 families were sampled using the various seine nets employed during the investigation. In the littoral zone, the estuarine spawners (Estuarine Utilisation Category, [EUC] I), mainly the Gobiidae, Glossogobius callidus, dominated the samples numerically and by biomass. The smaller estuarine spawning species sampled in the channel were numerically dominated by Gilchristella aestuaria in conjunction with two other EUC I species, Atherina breviceps and G. callidus. The estuarine-dependant marine spawners (EUC II), however, dominated the ichthyofaunal biomass of the channel. The abundance and biomass of the larger species targeted were dominated by estuarine-dependant marine spawning species (EUC II), principally Rhabdosargus holubi. During the closed periods of the estuary, total fish abundance and biomass displayed weak seasonal patterns. The breaching event and subsequent open period was associated with a decrease in the total abundances of fish in the littoral zone and channel of the estuary, reflecting the out-flow of estuarine biomass-rich water into the marine environment. The breaching event coincided with a shift in the community composition of the ichthyofauna, reflecting the recruitment of marine spawning species into the estuary. Numerical analysis identified two distinct spatial fish communities within the estuary, a community associated with the mouth region and one comprising the rest of the estuary. The absence of any further spatial patterns in the ichthyofaunal community structure within the Mpekweni Estuary appear to be ascribed to the virtual absence of horizontal patterns in physico-chemical and biological parameters recorded in the system. Cohort analyses were employed to determine possible recruitment events for selected estuarine and marine spawning species. The estuarine spawning species displayed continuous recruitment patterns throughout the study, which appeared to be unaffected by the breaching event. Conversely, the larger marine spawning species displayed multiple cohorts, indicating non-continuous recruitment. Subsequent retrospective analysis of cohorts for the different species identified summer recruitment peaks that coincided with the breaching event and open period. Minor recruitment of marine spawning species also occurred during overwash events. The recruitment of ichthyofauna into the estuary was quantified during three distinct hydrological events: overwash, out-flow phase immediately after breaching and tidal phase during the period when the mouth was open. Estimates of fish recruitment were highest during the outflow phase immediately after the estuary breached and declined as the estuary became tidally inundated with marine water. Although not as high as the outflow and tidal phases, recruitment was evident during overwash events. Results of the current study highlight the importance of both breaching and overwashing events in structuring the ichthyofaunal community composition in a medium-sized southern African temporarily open/closed estuary. These results are broadly in agreement with similar studies conducted both locally and in other regions of the world.
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Stein, Luiza Paschoal. "Morfodinâmica e eventos de sobrelavagem: praias da baía de Santos, SP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21136/tde-15012019-145511/.
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As praias urbanizadas são ambientes complexos devido à interação da ocupação antropogênica e dos processos costeiros. A ocupação costeira vem se caracterizando por alteração e deterioração da paisagem, processo mais intenso em grandes cidades litorâneas, onde casas e edifícios são construídos nas proximidades imediatas da orla. O presente trabalho analisa a morfodinâmica e processo de sobrelavagem das praias de Santos e Itararé, duas praias urbanizadas com a presença de obras na orla. Foram realizados levantamentos topográficos nas praias e modelagem de ondas (Delft 3D - Wave) para toda a baía durante os anos de 2015 e 2016. Cenários de sobrelevaçãoonda e nível do mar foram estipulando para o cálculo da sobrelevaçãototal e assim conhecer as condições que levam a sobrelavagem. A baía de Santos encontra-se aberta para sul, expondo a linha de costa para a ação de frentes frias. A variabilidade do clima de ondas, derivada das mudanças das suas condições meteorológicas formadoras, pode alterar a morfologia da praia. Em Santos e São Vicente as ondas de sul e sudeste apresentam maiores alturas de onda e são mais frequentes no outono e inverno quando temos mais frentes frias na região. Os resultados indicam relação entre a incidência de ondas com maior força de onda (W/m), associadas a frentes frias, em trechos mais inclinados das praias com perda de volume. A variedade de incidência das ondas ao longo da praia estudada mostra um decréscimo na força de onda, sendo maior em Itararé e caindo em direção a Ponta da Praia, com a presença de picos altos na Ponta da Praia. Justificando porque este trecho sofre mais variação de volume e perda de sedimento fato que pode estar associado a dragagem do canal do porto de Santos. Em ambos os trechos com maior declividade e menor faixa de areia apresentaram maior sensibilidade à ação das ondas e também maior chance de sofrer sobrelavagem, de todo o arco praial da baía de Santos a porção leste de Santos se mostrou a mais propícia a sofrer inundação.<br>Urbanized beaches are more complex environments due to the interaction of anthropogenic occupation and coastal processes. Coastal occupation has been characterized by alteration and deterioration of the landscape, being more intense in large coastal cities, where houses and buildings are built in the immediate vicinity of the beach border being subject to potentially high risk of erosion. The present work analyzed the morphodynamics and overwashing of the beaches of Santos and Itararé, two urbanized beaches with the presence of anthropogenic constructions in the beach border. Topographic surveys on both beaches and wave modeling (Delft 3D - Wave) were carried out for the entire basin during the years of 2015 and 2016. Wave run-up and sea level scenarios were stipulated for the calculation of the total water level and so determined conditions that lead to overwashing. The bay of Santos is open to the South, exposing the coast line for the action of cold fronts. The variability of the wave climate, derived from the changes of its formative meteorological conditions, can alter the morphology of the beach. In Santos and São Vicente, South and Southeast waves have higher wave height and are more frequent in autumn and winter when we have more cold fronts in the region. The results indicate the direct relationship between the incidence of waves with higher wave force (W/m), associated with cold fronts, with loss of volume along the beaches. The variety of wave incidence along the studied beach shows a decrease in wave force, being higher in Itararé and falling towards Ponta da Praia, in the area protected by the rocky promontory. However in Ponta da Praia we see high values of wave force, justifying why this stretch suffers more volume variation and loss of sediment, that we belive happends because of Port Channel. In both stretches with greater slope and lower sand range showed greater sensitivity to the action of the waves and also greater chance of overwash, of all the praial arc of the Santos bay, the Eastern portion of Santos was the most propitious to suffer flooding.
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Bancroft, Stuart W. "Optimizing the Imaging of Multiple Frequency GPR Datasets Using Composite Radargrams: An Example From Santa Rosa Island, Florida." Scholar Commons, 2010. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1566.
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Acquiring GPR data at multiple frequencies is useful because higher-frequency profiles have better spatial resolution, although they suffer from reduced depth penetration. Lower-frequencies can generally resolve to greater depths, but at the cost of spatial resolution. For concise presentation of GPR data, it would be useful to combine the best features of each profile into a composite radargram. This study explores effective ways to present GPR data acquired at multiple frequencies. An example is shown from a survey of hurricane overwash deposits from Santa Rosa Island, Florida.
The methodology used to create a composite radargram is dependent on which of two goals the composite radargram is designed to achieve. These goals are broadening the spectral bandwidth of GPR data to increase the effectiveness of deconvolution and enhancing the resolution and depth of GPR data by plotting high-frequency data at early two-way travel times, low-frequency data at late two-way travel times, and using filters to smoothly transition from high-frequency to lower-frequency data. The steps towards creating a composite radargram include: 1) applying standard processing to nominal frequency data sets, 2) creating spatially coincident data sets, 3) equalizing the amplitude spectra among each nominal frequency data set, and 4) summing nominal frequency data sets together.
Spectral bandwidth broadening is achieved by applying optical spectral whitening and summing nominal frequency data sets using a single ramped. Deconvolving this composite radargram did not show the same success observed by Booth et al. (2009). Enhancing the resolution and depth of GPR data can be achieved by applying amplitude envelope equalization (AEE) and summation using double ramped filters. AEE calculates the coefficients required to make equivalent average amplitude envelopes for GPR data that has been gained with automatic gain control . Double ramped filters suppress low-frequency energy for two-way travel times when a higher-frequency data set has adequate signal strength and higher frequency energy for two-way travel times when higher- frequency energy exhibits significant attenuation. A composite radargram built with AEE and double ramped filters achieves the goal enhancing resolution and depth of GPR data. Shallow reflections are interpreted as dune and hurricane overwash stratigraphy.
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Horwitz, Mark H. "Sedimentological characteristics and 3-D internal architecture of washover deposits from Hurricanes Frances, Ivan, and Jeanne." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002713.
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Bettinelli, Maiara. "Assembleias de moluscos pleistocênicos no sul da planície costeira do Rio Grande do Sul: implicações na evolução do sistema Laguna-Barreira III." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/184511.
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O Sistema Laguna-Barreira III é o sistema deposicional pleistocênico mais preservado do sul da Planície Costeira do Rio Grande do Sul. A origem dessa unidade está correlacionada ao alto nível do mar do último estágio interglacial, mas até agora pouco se conhece sobre sua evolução e estratigrafia devido à escassez de afloramentos. Uma assembleia de fósseis constituída por milhares de bivalves e gastrópodes foi recuperada de perfurações e sondagens SPT (Standard Penetration Test), em profundidades de até 17 metros, realizadas sobre essa unidade. A caracterização desses fósseis e a análise dos sedimentos e dos dados dos SPTs permitiu identificar depósitos de retrobarreira representando uma sequência retrogradacional caracterizada por fácies de fundo e margem lagunar sobrepostas por fácies eólicas arenosas, recobertas por depósitos de loess. A assembleia de fósseis, encontrada em depósitos de fundo e margem lagunar, é dominada por moluscos bivalves e gastrópodes, em sua maioria característicos de ambiente marinho franco raso (≤ 30 metros), mas também inclui alguns bivalves típicos de ambiente lagunar, como Erodona mactroides e Anomalocardia brasiliana A presença de espécies que não vivem atualmente nessa região sugere a influência de águas costeiras mais quentes durante o último estágio interglacial. O bom estado de preservação da maior parte da assembleia de moluscos, sem sinais de abrasão, bioerosão ou incrustação, indica curto tempo de residência na interface sedimento-água após a morte, seguido por rápido soterramento abaixo da Zona Tafonomicamente Ativa (TAZ). A presença de espécies marinhas juntamente com espécies de ambientes mixohalinos de baixa energia indica o transporte de sedimentos e fauna marinhos para a retrobarreira, o que teria ocorrido durante a fase transgressiva da evolução do Sistema III. Esse processo poderia estar relacionado ao aumento de tempestades durante o último interglacial, promovendo o transporte de grandes quantidades de sedimentos e conchas da face praial para a retrobarreira através de sobrelavagem da barreira (overwash) e abertura de inlets efêmeros.<br>The Barrier-Lagoon System III is the most preserved Pleistocene depositional system in the southern Coastal Plain of Rio Grande do Sul. The origin of this unit is correlated to the sea-level highstand of the last interglacial stage, but so far very little is known about the evolution and stratigraphy of this unit due to the scarcity of outcrops. A fossil assemblage consisting of thousands of bivalve and gastropod shells were recovered from drilling holes and SPT (Standard Penetration Test) surveys performed at depths up to 17 meters on that unit. The characterization of these fossils in addition to the analysis of the sediments and SPT data allowed to identify backbarrier deposits representing a retrogradational sequence characterized by lagoon bottom and margin facies superposed by sandy aeolian facies, covered by loess deposits. The fossil assemblage found in the lagoon bottom and margin deposits is dominated by bivalve and gastropod molluscs, mostly characteristic of open marine, shallow (≤ 30 meters) environment, but including some Erodona mactroides and Anomalocardia brasiliana, bivalves typical of lagoon environments The presence of species that do not currently live in the region suggests the influence of warmer coastal waters during the last interglacial stage. The good state of preservation of a large part of the molluscan assemblage, with no signs of abrasion, bioerosion or incrustation, indicates short residence time at the sediment-water interface after death, followed by rapid burial below the Taphonomically Active Zone (TAZ). The presence of marine species together with species from low energy mixohaline environments indicates the transport of sediments and marine fauna to the backbarrier, which would have occurred during the transgressive phase of the System III evolution. This process could have been related to increased storminess during the last interglacial, which promoted the transportation of large amounts of sediments and shells from the shoreface to the backbarrier through overwash and opening of ephemeral inlet channels.
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Wetzell, Lauren McKinnon. "Simple Models For Predicting Dune Erosion Hazards Along The Outer Banks Of North Carolina." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000191.
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Ericsson, Niklas, and Hampus Bergström. "How toxicity differ between male and female players in competitive Overwatch." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för speldesign, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-413495.
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This thesis aims to research whether or not Overwatch players believe toxicity is an issue in today's gaming and how the toxicity differs itself between men and women. The purpose was to find out different kinds of toxicity and how these affected players in Overwatch, as well as to investigate if toxicity differed between men and women at all. The method of this thesis relied on answers from a survey, posted on Reddit’s sub forums r/Overwatch and r/Competitiveoverwatch. The data used in the thesis is answers from 328 participants in the survey. The results of this thesis found that Overwatch players see toxicity as an issue today and that most of them have experienced toxicity and are affected negatively by it. The thesis found that there is a major difference in toxicity between men and women, as women are affected by toxicity more than men. Many female players feel the need to hide their gender in order to not receive toxicity which will lead to many women not utilizing important tools such as the voice chat to communicate important information to their team, which could put women at a disadvantage when trying to achieve higher ranks within the game, compared to men.
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Shur, Etelle. "Remixing Overwatch: A Case Study in Fan Interactions with Video Game Sound." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1076.
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In the past, video game communities have been studied after they have already been well-established. Studying the Overwatch fandom now, less than a year after the game’s release, while its community is still growing, allows me to observe the way gamers bring prior fandom experiences to a new game and the way a new fan community establishes its own practices. Moreover, the Overwatch fandom is growing at a time when technology is rapidly changing the way fans share transformative works and the way media companies interact with fans. Studying Overwatch fan communities now can give a sense of what is and is not changing and how it might affect fandom.
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Skönergård, Johan. "Representationer av kvinnor i tv-spel : En semiotisk bildanalys om hur genus konstrueras i spelet Overwatch." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, JMK, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-138531.
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Tv-spel har sedan dess begynnelse kontinuerligt växt storartat och är numera en stor ekonomisk nöjesindustri med flera miljoner användare varje dag. Tv- och film har under flera år granskats och undersökts gällande exempelvis vilka meddelanden dessa sänder ut och reproducerar till dess konsumenter genom bland annat könsroller, våld, etnicitet och klass. Även om tv-spel som medieplattform även blivit granskad gällande liknande fenomen som tv- och film så är forskningsområdet fortfarande relativt smalt. De flesta undersökningar om genusrepresentationer i tv-spel brukar handla om exempelvis Lara Croft i Tomb Raider-serien som anses vara arketypen för just detta eller andra typiska fall. Jag ville istället utföra en undersökning på ett tv-spel som är populärt i skrivande stund och valet föll sig slutligen på actionspelet Overwatch av spelutvecklaren Blizzard Entertainment. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka de kvinnliga och manliga karaktärerna i spelet och se om det råder någon skillnad kring hur dessa har representerats och gestaltats genom bland annat kroppstyper och sedan försöka svara på frågan varför resultatet kan tänkas se ut som det gör. För att utföra analysen har metoden bestått av en semiotisk bildanalys av karaktärernas officiella översiktsbilder, detta för att kunna få ett så detaljerat resultat som möjligt. Studien utgår från en teoretisk ram som behandlar bland annat femininitet och maskulinitet i populärkultur, teorier om hur tv-spelbranschen är mansdominerad, vilket i sådant fall avspeglar hur kvinnor gestaltas, samt verktyg från feministisk filmteori som Laura Mulveys ”the male gaze”, vilket baseras på idén att kamerans perspektiv i film ofta är utifrån en mans ögon. Resultatet i denna studie visade att de analyserade kvinnorna i spelet följde en tydlig mall gällande kroppstyper och flera av karaktärerna är gestaltade med översexualiserande klädsel. De manliga karaktärerna har ett betydligt bredare spektrum vad gäller gestaltningen av kroppstyper. Spelet Overwatch och dess karaktärer följer samma mönster som tidigare uppmärksammats i genusforskning inom tv-spel och ett flertal uppmärksammade företeelser som exempelvis Anita Sarkeesians teori ”kvinnan som pris” i tv-spel finns även att utläsa i detta exempel. Det kan argumenteras för att kvinnorna i spelet är gestaltade på detta vis för att tillfredsställa en antagen heterosexuell manlig publik eller för att manliga tv-spelutvecklare projicerar sina egna sexuella preferenser vid gestaltningen av spelets kvinnliga karaktärer.
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Eliasson, David. "What Level Design Elements Determine Flow? : How Light and Objects Guide the Player in Overwatch and Doom." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för speldesign, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-330519.
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This thesis presents a comparative study between Overwatch (2016) and Doom (2016) to determine how these fast-paced games facilitate flow in their gameplay. The second chapter looks at formal definitions of flow and level design to establish a vocabulary for following chapters. Through formal analysis the level designs of both games are then examined to establish what elements in them guide players and keep the flow in gameplay. The thesis also examines how the initial gameplay design principles, which are rooted in the older shooter genre, have impacted the level design. The author uses screenshots from both games, interviews with the design teams and published literature on game design for the study.It was found that the architectural design of a level in hero-based gameplay (Overwatch (2016)) could control the pacing by changing the elements that enable certain types of movement such as climbing or creating setups that favor one team over the other. On an individual player level, flow is kept with intentional placement of light and bright colors to guide the player. While Doom (2016) uses different abilities and movement sets for its hero, the tools of guiding the player proved to be very similar but with heavier focus on environmental markings and lights. In both cases the look of these guiding tools was adapted to fit into the game world without breaking the player’s immersion.<br>I uppsatsen görs en jämförelse mellan Overwatch (2016) och Doom (2016) för att komma fram till hur dessa snabba spel underlättar flödet i spelandet. I kapitel två av uppsatsen ges formella definitioner av flöde och level design för att skapa förutsättningar för förståelsen av följande kapitel. Genom en formell analys undersöks level design i bägge spel för att fastställa vilka element som styr spelarna och håller flödet uppe. Uppsatsen undersöker också hur de ursprungliga designprinciperna, som har sitt ursprung i den äldre shooter genren, har påverkat spelens level design. Författaren använder skärmdumpar från båda spelen, intervjuer med designteam och litteratur om speldesign för studien.Det visade sig att den arkitektoniska utformningen av en level i ett hjältebaserat spel (Overwatch (2016)) skulle kunna styra takten genom att ändra element som möjliggör vissa typer av rörelser, t.ex. klättring eller skapandet av uppsättningar som gynnar ett lag framför det andra. På en individuell spelarnivå hålls flödet uppe med avsiktliga placeringar av ljus och ljusa färger för att styra spelaren. Medan Doom använder olika förmågor och rörelser för sin hjälte, visade sig verktygen för att styra spelaren vara mycket lika men med tyngre fokus på miljömärkningar och ljus. I båda fallen var dessa verktygs utseende utformat för att passa in i spelvärlden utan att bryta spelarens inlevelse.
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Svensson, Tova. "Cultural Appropriation in Games : A Comparative Study Between Far Cry 3 (2012), Overwatch (2016) and Horizon Zero Dawn (2017)." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för speldesign, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-323878.
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This thesis is a comparative study between Far Cry 3 (2012), Overwatch (2016) and Horizon Zero Dawn (2017) to determine how game developers appropriate minority cultures in character design. The character designs are compared to the cultures of origin to determine whether they have been appropriated and to what extent. Far Cry 3 appropriates Maori and Samoan cultures, Horizon Zero Dawn appropriates native American cultures, and Overwatch appropriates both Maori and native American cultures. Appropriation leads to stereotypes which may influence the way the audience regard and understand the real world.<br>Denna rapport är en komparativ studie mellan Far Cry 3 (2012), Overwatch (2016) och Horizon Zero Dawn (2017) för att avgöra hur spelutvecklare approprierar minoritetskulturer i karaktärsdesign. Karaktärsdesignerna jämförs med ursprungskulturerna för att avgöra om de har blivit approprierade och hur mycket. Far Cry 3 approprierar Maori- och Samoakulturer, Horizon Zero Dawn approprierar ursprungsamerikanska kulturer, och Overwatch approprierar både Maori- och ursprungsamerikanska kulturer. Appropriering leder till stereotyper som kan påverka hur publiken uppfattar och förstår den verkliga världen.
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Shiflet, Matthew. "Viral Marketing: Concept Explication and Case Studies in the Video Game and Esports Industries." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1555957153106043.
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Rodrigues, Bruna Alves. "The Ancão peninsula vulnerability to overwash events." Master's thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/851.
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Dissertação mest., Gestão da Água e da Costa, Universidade do Algarve, 2009<br>Galgamentos oceânicos são processos naturais sobretudo relacionados às tempestades.
Sua prinicpal causa é a elevação do espraio acima do nível dunar. Como resultado são
gerados fluxos de sedimento e água através da crista da duna e isto pode acarretar
efeitos ao ambiente costeiro, comunidades e estruturas de engenharia. Atualmente
regiões costeiras são amplamente ocupadas e, por isso, dentro do contexto de manejo
costeiro, faz-se necessário a identificação de áreas susceptíveis ao galgamento. O
presente estudo propõe-se a identificar áreas vulneráveis ao longo da Península do
Ancão, Portugal, através do desenvolvimento de um mapa de vulnerabilidade. Para tal,
foram realizados levantamentos topográficos da base (DLOW) e crista (DHIGH) dunar e os
dados foram representados sobre um ortofotomapa em SIG. Foram estabelecidas três
tempestades com 5, 10 e 25 anos de período de retorno e estimadas as características das
ondas e níveis do mar (maré e sobreelevação meteorológica) associados. Estes dados
possibilitaram o cálculo da elevação máxima do espraio (RHIGH) através de uma
parametrização direcionada às praias intermédias-reflectivas. A representação de RHIGH
sobre DLOW e DHIGH com uso de SIG resultou no mapa de vulnerabilidade. A base dunar
da península é completamente vulnerável ao regime de colisão, isto é, as dunas estão em
risco de erosão e recuo para qualquer dos períodos de retorno testados. O processo de
galgamento está previsto principalmente na região próxima da barra de maré e na
porção central onde a ocupação humana é intensa, neste caso podendo ocorrer com
período de retorno de 5 anos. O método utilizado considera as principais forças
causadoras dos galgamentos e é capaz de mostrar áreas em risco. Logo, é
potencialmente importante para o manejo costeiro pois permite ações mitigadoras das
conseqüências negativas em zonas costeiras ocupadas.
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Matias, Ana. "Overwash sedimentary dynamics in the Ria Formosa barrier islands." Doctoral thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/373.
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Garcia, Tiago. "Overwash vulnerability assessment based in long-term washover evolution. Application to the Ria Formosa barrier islands system (Southern Portugal)." Master's thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/703.
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Tese mest. , Estudos Marinhos e Costeiros, 2009, Universidade do Algarve<br>An integrated methodology for evaluation of overwash vulnerability is developed with respect to the historical washover evolution of a barrier island system. Three different aspects of overwash are addressed in the vulnerability indices developed: Overwashed Shoreline Ratio, Maximum Overwash Intrusion Recurrence, and Complete Barrier Overwash. The indices were applied to the barriers in the Ria Formosa system (Southern Portugal) using an aerial photography catalogue covering the period 1947-2001. Historical trends of washover evolution were observed to be different between the barriers analysed, but generally there was a decrease in washover number and dimensions throughout the analysed period. The final overwash diagnostic obtained allowed an integrated overwash vulnerability rating to be defined for each barrier, with vulnerabilities ranging from low to extreme. The methodology has produced results that are able to assist coastal managers with information concerning barrier island system overwash hazard, through defining the temporal and geographical distributions of overwash, and providing reliable indications as to where overwash is most likely to occur in the future. The comparison between the result here presented and the scientific background supporting the most relevant land-use management plans valid for the Ria Formosa barriers showed that the later gives little relevance to historical overwash occurrence and washover evolution. The entire set of plans analysed presents nevertheless a satisfactory overwash diagnostic which in general terms is in agreement with the present study.
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Almeida, Sílvia Maria Ferreira de. "A influência da batimetria no regime de impacte de tempestades. Estudo de um caso prático com recurso a SIG." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/8198.
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Dissertação de Mestrado, Geomática – Ramo de Ciências da Informação Geográfica, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Universidade do Algarve, 2015<br>O galgamento representa um fenómeno natural modelador da geomorfologia das zonas costeiras e áreas adjacentes. Os sistemas de ilhas-barreira são os mais expostos e vulneráveis aos efeitos da atuação do galgamento. Desta forma, é fundamental a realização de estudos que permitam conhecer e prever a vulnerabilidade das ilhas-barreira ao galgamento. A possibilidade de traçar mapas de vulnerabilidade representa um instrumento que contribui para o planeamento e ordenamento do território através do conhecimento das principais zonas suscetíveis à ocorrência do galgamento.
Este relatório de projeto descreve o desenvolvimento de uma caixa de ferramentas de geoprocessamento para obtenção de mapas do potencial de vulnerabilidade ao galgamento denominada por Geoprocessamento do Potencial de Vulnerabilidade ao Galgamento (GeoGal). Esta tem como objetivo principal o estudo do Potencial de Galgamento (Overwash Potential - OP), tendo como informação de base a influência das morfologias submersas sobre a propagação e incidência da agitação marítima sobre as ilhas-barreira, através do cálculo de onze fórmulas de runup (R).
A ferramenta GeoGal foi testada e validada para uma área de estudo na Ilha Barreta pertencente ao sistema de ilhas-barreira da Ria Formosa, a sul de Portugal. Os dados cedidos e processados são oriundos do Projeto de Investigação RUSH (From runup to overwash. PTDC/CTE-GIX/116814/2010. CIMA/FCT/UAlg), onde se enquadra o tema de trabalho do presente relatório. O dia 29 de Setembro de 2012 foi selecionado como teste.
Para a criação da informação de entrada a fornecer à ferramenta GeoGal, foi desenvolvida uma metodologia de pré-processamento de dados em ambiente ArcMap (software ArcGIS v.10 - ESRI) que potencia a qualidade dos resultados obtidos em GeoGal. O Pré-processamento é principalmente focalizado na seleção do método de interpolação que melhor descreve a superfície em estudo e as condições de propagação da agitação marítima do largo até à costa (modelo numérico SWAN – Simulating WAves Nearshore). A qualidade dos Modelos Digitais de Elevação (MDE) é de extrema importância uma vez que são a base sobre a qual se gera a informação do modelo numérico SWAN e da ferramenta. Para o caso de estudo, Ordinary Kriging demonstrou ser o melhor método de interpolação.
GeoGal foi desenvolvida segundo uma metodologia em ambiente de Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG) com recurso ao ModelBuilder (ArcMap – software ArcGIS v.10 – ESRI) auxiliado com a linguagem de programação Python. É composta por dois módulos, o Módulo 1 – Runup_GIS e o Módulo 2 – OP_GIS.
GeoGal permite, de modo eficaz, a identificação da fórmula empírica de runup que melhor descreve a suscetibilidade de um dado ponto da costa à ocorrência do galgamento, tendo em conta a geomorfologia e a agitação marítima junto à costa.
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Newberry, Kimberly Marie. "The influence of expertise on segmentation and memory for basketball and Overwatch videos." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/39424.
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Master of Science<br>Department of Psychological Sciences<br>Heather R. Bailey<br>Much research has shown that experts possess superior memory in their field of expertise. This memory benefit has been proposed to be the result of various encoding mechanisms, such as chunking and differentiation. Another potential encoding mechanism that is associated with memory is event segmentation, which is the process by which individuals parse continuous information into meaningful, discrete units. Event Segmentation Theory proposes that segmentation is influenced by perceptual (e.g., motion) and conceptual (e.g. semantic knowledge) cues. Previous research has found evidence supporting the influence of knowledge on segmentation, specifically through the manipulation of goals and familiarity for everyday activities. To date, few studies have investigated the influence of expertise on segmentation, and questions about expertise, segmentation ability, and their impact on memory still remain. The goal of the current study was to investigate the influence of expertise on segmentation and memory ability for two different domains: basketball and Overwatch. Participants with high and low knowledge for basketball viewed and segmented basketball and Overwatch videos at coarse and fine grains, then completed memory tests. Differences in segmentation ability and memory were present between experts and novices, specifically for the basketball videos; however, segmentation only predicted memory for activities for which knowledge was lacking, for experts. Overall, this research suggests that experts’ superior memory is not due to their segmentation ability and contributes to a growing body of literature showing evidence supporting conceptual effects on segmentation.
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Kerr, Stella. "Representing the hero: a comparative study between the animated and gameplay cinematic trailers for Overwatch." Thesis, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/24473.
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A research report submitted to the Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master Arts in Digital Animation, March 2017<br>XL2018
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(8085977), Qingheng Zhou. "Exploring Social Roles in Twitch Chatrooms." Thesis, 2019.
Find full textAbstract:
<p>With the popularity
of the gaming industry, game streaming appeared and became a global phenomenon
with high participation in recent years. Game streaming platforms such as
Twitch had millions of active users participated in the community by watching
and chatting. Yet there was lack of investigation about how chat behaviors connected
with the overall participation in game streaming community. This study aims to describe
and analyze the roles taken on by viewers as they engaged in chat while
watching game streaming and identify how these roles influenced participation. I
designed a qualitative study with online observations on several Twitch
channels streaming Overwatch. By analyzing the chatlogs collected, I identified
four social roles among chatters: Lurker, Troll, Collaborator, and Moderator. A
discourse analysis was applied to further investigate the interactions among
these roles and how they shape the conversation in chatrooms. With these
findings, I generated a four-role model that specific for chatters in Twitch
personal channels. Limitations of this study and suggestions for future
research were also provided.</p>
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Ribeiro, Bernardo Maria Teixeira Esteves Campelo. "Activision Blizzard, Inc : equity valuation." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/25486.
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This dissertation presents the valuation of Activision Blizzard, Inc, which was based on an in-depth analysis of the company and the video game industry. Activision was fairly valued at $71.16 per share, which represents an upside of 12% compared with the trading price of $63.32 as of December 31st, 2017. Thereby, it is recommended a BUY rating to investors.
The valuation was based on three valuation methods: DCF WACC, EVA and Multiples. As a result, the DCF WACC approach reached a $77.24 share price, meaning an upside of 22%. The EVA model resulted in a $64.91 share price of with an upside of 3%. Lastly, the Relative valuation based on 2017 23.2x EV&EBITDA and 2017 6.0 P/BV resulted in a share price of $71.51, representing an upside of 13%. The Peer Group used to the Multiples valuation was Electronic Arts, Take-Two and Ubisoft.
To conclude, the results achieved were compared with Credit Suisse Equity Research, which final recommendation is a BUY, solidly supporting the findings developed in this Dissertation.<br>A presente dissertação expõe a avaliação da Activision Blizzard, Inc, baseando-se numa análise extensiva da empresa e da indústria de vídeo-jogos. A Activision foi imparcialmente avaliada em $71.16 por ação, representando um retorno esperado de 12% quando comparado com o preço de mercado a 31 de Dezembro de 2017 por ação de $63.32. Em resultado da análise efetuada, é recomendado uma classficiação de compra aos investidores.
A avaliação teve como suporte dois diferentes métodos de avaliação: DCF WACC, EVA e Múltiplos. Através do DCF WACC foi obtido um preço por ação de $77.24, representando um retorno esperado de 22%. O modelo de avaliação EVA resultou num preço por ação de $64.91, com um retorno esperado de 3%. Por fim, o modelo de avaliação por múltiplos com base nos 2017 23.2x EV&EBITDA and 2017 6.0 P/BV resultou num preço de $71.51 por ação, representando um retorno esperado de 13%. As empresas comparáveis utilizadas neste modelo foram Electronic Arts, Take-Two e Ubisoft.
Para concluir, os resultados obtidos foram comparados com a Equity Research do Credit Suisse, no qual a recomendação final é de Compra, corroborando firmemente as conclusões desenvolvidas ao longo da dissertação.
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Henriques, Renato F. "Monitorização da zona costeira tendo em vista a sua vulnerabilidade – aplicação à zona costeira noroeste de Portugal." Doctoral thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/42711.
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Tese de doutoramento em Geologia<br>A elevada dinâmica que caracteriza a zona costeira portuguesa
tem implicações directas para as comunidades humanas aí
instaladas. Nos últimos anos agudizou-se, nalguns locais, a
migração para o interior do sistema praia/duna, pondo em perigo
algumas localidades e levando ao aumento da construção de
obras de defesa costeira, por vezes feitas com carácter de
emergência.
O aumento do conhecimento sobre o comportamento dinâmico
das zonas costeiras é um contributo fundamental para a
elaboração de planos de gestão integrada destas zonas. A
monitorização contínua é a melhor forma de obter dados que
permitam conhecer a sua tendência evolutiva, possibilitando a
previsão de cenários futuros. Este trabalho deve ser estendido a
toda a costa portuguesa, ser baseado em meios técnicos
diversificados e realizado com a maior frequência possível. Se a
monitorização for realizada com técnicas demasiado caras, a
eficácia desejada deste importante trabalho pode ser
comprometida.
A presente dissertação centrou-se no desenvolvimento de
técnicas de monitorização de baixo custo, baseadas em fotografia aérea. Foram desenvolvidos protótipos de obtenção de fotografia
aérea utilizando poucos recursos económicos, mas com qualidade
suficiente para ser utilizada na monitorização das mudanças nas
zonas costeiras. Foram escolhidos três segmentos da costa
noroeste de Portugal, situados entre a Praia de Cortegaça e a
Praia de Mira, para os quais foi feita a comparação entre a
fotografia obtida com os protótipos desenvolvidos e a fotografia
histórica existente. A partir deste trabalho, foi possível calcular
taxas médias de migração, ao longo de diversos períodos
temporais, a partir da medição da mobilidade de indicadores de
migração costeira.
Foi, também, possível, conjugando a fotografia aérea com
técnicas de SIG, estudar a ocorrência de galgamentos marinhos
na região entre o Furadouro e a praia do Torrão do Lameiro.
Tendo em conta que o conhecimento da dinâmica costeira não
pode ser dissociado do conhecimento dos sedimentos em
movimento, foi realizada uma colheita de sedimentos na praia e
na plataforma continental adjacente, na região do Furadouro.
Embora tenham sido colhidas poucas amostras, foi já possível
detectar alguns padrões na distribuição de sedimentos; foram
identificadas diferenças entre a dimensão dos sedimentos
colhidos a mais de 1000 metros da costa e a dos colhidos na praia
e na pré-praia.<br>The high dynamical behaviour that characterizes the Portuguese
coastal zone has direct implications for the human communities
installed there. During the last years, inland migration of the
dune/beach system has increased, putting some localities in
danger and leading to the increased building of hard engineering
coastal defences, sometimes with emergency character. The
increased knowledge about the dynamic behaviour of the coastal
zones is an important contribution to integrated coastal zone
management (ICZM). Continuous monitoring is the best form of
gathering important information that allows a better knowledge
of the past evolution trend, making the forecast of future
scenarios possible. This work should be extended to the total
extend of the Portuguese coast, based on diversified techniques
and carried out at the highest frequency. If based on expensive
techniques, the desired effectiveness of this important work can
be compromised. The present work was focused on the
development of low-cost monitoring techniques, based on aerial
photography. Prototypes for air photograph achievement has
been developed, using low-cost resources, but with enough
quality to be used for the surveying of coastal zone changes. Three segments of the Northwest coastal zone of Portugal,
located between Cortegaça Beach and Mira Beach, were chosen.
The comparison between photographs got with the developed
prototypes and the existing historical photographs was done in
those segments. With this work, it was possible to calculate
average migration rates over different time periods, from the
measurement of the mobility of coastal migration indicators.
Through the combination of aerial photography with GIS
techniques, it was also possible to study the occurrence of marine
overwashes in the area between Furadouro and the beach of
Torrão do Lameiro. Taking into account that the knowledge of
coastal dynamics cannot be dissociated from the knowledge of
the sediments in movement, a sampling of sediments from the
beach and the adjacent continental shelf was carried out in the
area of Furadouro. Although few samples were collected, some
patterns in the distribution of sediments were recognized and size
differences identified between sediments sampled at about 1000
meters from the coast and those sampled on the beach and in the
nearshore.<br>Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT)