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Journal articles on the topic 'Ovine progressive pneumonia'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

de la Concha-Bermejillo, Andrés. "Maedi-Visna and Ovine Progressive Pneumonia." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 13, no. 1 (March 1997): 13–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0749-0720(15)30362-5.

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2

Cutlip, Randall C., Howard D. Lehmkuhl, Mary Jo F. Schmerr, and Kim A. Brogden. "Ovine progressive pneumonia (maedi-visna) in sheep." Veterinary Microbiology 17, no. 3 (July 1988): 237–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1135(88)90068-5.

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3

Deng, P., R. C. Cutlip, H. D. Lehmkuhl, and K. A. Brogden. "Ultrastructure and Frequency of Mastitis Caused by Ovine Progressive Pneumonia Virus Infection in Sheep." Veterinary Pathology 23, no. 2 (March 1986): 184–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030098588602300212.

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Twenty-five sheep, experimentally ( n = 15) or naturally ( n = 6) infected with ovine progressive pneumonia virus and noninfected controls ( n = 4), were evaluated for histological and ultrastructural lesions of mastitis. Histologically, nine of 15 experimentally infected sheep and all six naturally infected sheep had lympho-plasmacytic mastitis. Severity of the lesion increased with length of time after infection. Periductal lymphatic nodules were seen in five sheep experimentally infected for 2.8 years or longer and in five naturally infected sheep that wore 3.7 years old or older. Ultrastructurally, responses to ovine progressive pneumonia virus were diffuse lympho-plasmacytic infiltrates in glandular interstitium, lymphocytic and occasional plasmacytic infiltrates in ductal walls and lumens, lymphoblasts surrounded by small lymphocytes in glandular interstitium, and degeneration of epithelium releasing cells and cellular debris into the lumen. Based on the prevalence of lesions, the mammary tissue was more susceptible to ovine progressive pneumonia virus than other target organs: lung, brain, and synovium. Lesions did not differ between breeds of sheep. Ovine progressive pneumonia virus was not seen in the mammary tissue but was isolated from 15 of 17 mammary glands.

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4

Mekibib, Berhanu, Tadesse Mikir, Amene Fekadu, and Rahmeto Abebe. "Prevalence of Pneumonia in Sheep and Goats Slaughtered at Elfora Bishoftu Export Abattoir, Ethiopia: A Pathological Investigation." Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2019 (July 18, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5169040.

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Accurate clinical diagnosis of pneumonia, the leading cause of mortality in small ruminants, is difficult and usually requires postmortem examination of the lungs. An active abattoir survey was conducted between November 2017 and April 2018 to estimate the prevalence and characterize the gross and histopathological lesions of pneumonic lungs in 864 clinically healthy young small ruminants (490 sheep and 374 goats aged 1.5 to 3 years) raised for meat in different parts of the country and slaughtered at Elfora Bishoftu export abattoir, Ethiopia. Out of the total lungs examined grossly, pneumonic lesions were found in 158 (18.29%) lungs. On histopathological examination of the lungs with gross pneumonic lesion, however, typical pneumonic lesions were diagnosed in 148 (17.13%) lungs only. No significant (p>0.05) difference was noted in the prevalence of pneumonia between sheep (17.14%) and goats (17.11%) in histopathological examination. Based on the predominant histopathological findings, the pneumonic lesions were characterized as interstitial pneumonia (41.9%), acute suppurative bronchopneumonia (25.7%), acute fibrinous bronchopneumonia (24.3%), chronic bronchopneumonia (6.1%), aspiration pneumonia (4.7%), bronchointerstitial pneumonia (3.4%), and ovine pulmonary adenomatosis (3.4%). The study further showed the spread of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis and ovine progressive pneumonia (Maedi) from the central highlands to areas that were previously free from these diseases. Due to its better diagnostic capacity, histopathology should be employed routinely as an ancillary test in the major abattoirs and regional veterinary laboratories to generate additional epidemiological data for a better disease control and prevention measures. Further studies are also recommended to identify the etiological agents of pneumonia in sheep and goats and thereby to formulate feasible and cost-effective interventions.

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5

Cutlip, Randall C., Howard D. Lehmkuhl, Kim A. Brogden, and Jerome M. Sacks. "Breed susceptibility to ovine progressive pneumonia (maedi/visna) virus." Veterinary Microbiology 12, no. 3 (September 1986): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1135(86)90057-x.

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6

Herrmann-Hoesing, Lynn M., Howard D. Lehmkuhl, and Randall C. Cutlip. "Minimum intravenous infectious dose of ovine progressive pneumonia virus (OPPV)." Research in Veterinary Science 87, no. 2 (October 2009): 329–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2009.01.006.

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7

Borquez Cuevas, Mercedes Yannin, Juan Francisco Hernández Chávez, Betsy Armenta Leyva, Jesús Raymundo Cedillo Cobián, and Ramón Miguel Molina Barrios. "Ovine Progressive Pneumonia: Diagnosis and Seroprevalence in the South of Sonora, Mexico." Case Reports in Veterinary Medicine 2021 (February 4, 2021): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6623888.

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Ovine progressive pneumonia (OPP) is the most severe presentation of small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) infection known as Maedi-Visna. Serological evidence in Mexico of the presence of this lentivirus was published in 1986. After that, studies revealed that SRLVs have a broad distribution in Mexico by detecting antibodies or/and molecular tests; however, a descriptive case of the disease has not been published. This work’s objective was to describe the diagnosis of a case of OPP through lesion description, serology, and molecular test. The histopathological study showed that lymph follicular hyperplasia, interstitial pneumonia, and smooth muscle hyperplasia were presented. The serological test demonstrated specific antibodies against the Maedi-Visna virus, and PCR analysis demonstrated a positive outcome. These results include the criteria for the diagnosis of OPP. The serological prevalence of this disease is presented, contributing to the knowledge of the ecology of this disease in the world. This work is the first case report of ovine progressive pneumonia in Mexico and evidence of seroprevalence in sheep herds from Sonora, Mexico.

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8

Herrmann-Hoesing, Lynn M., Stephen N. White, Gregory S. Lewis, Michelle R. Mousel, and Donald P. Knowles. "Development and Validation of an Ovine Progressive Pneumonia Virus Quantitative PCR." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 14, no. 10 (August 15, 2007): 1274–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00095-07.

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ABSTRACT Ovine progressive pneumonia virus (OPPV) infects at least one sheep in 81% of U.S. sheep flocks, as determined by serology, and can cause viral mastitis, arthritis, dyspnea, and cachexia. Diagnostic tests that quantify OPPV proviral load in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) provide an additional method for identification of infected sheep and may help to further understanding of the pathogenesis of OPPV-induced disease. In this study, we compared a new OPPV real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay specific for the transmembrane region of the envelope gene (tm) with a competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) using 396 PBL samples and sera from Idaho sheep. The OPPV qPCR had a positive concordance of 96.2% ± 2.3% and a negative concordance of 97.7% ± 2.5% compared to the cELISA, with a kappa value of 0.93, indicating excellent agreement between the two tests. In addition, the presence of tm in the three OPPV qPCR-positive and cELISA-negative sheep and in 15 sheep with different OPPV proviral loads was confirmed by cloning and sequencing. These data indicate that the OPPV qPCR may be used as a supplemental diagnostic tool for OPPV infection and for measurement of viral load in PBLs of infected sheep.

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9

Herrmann-Hoesing, Lynn M., Stephen N. White, Michelle R. Mousel, Gregory S. Lewis, and Donald P. Knowles. "Ovine progressive pneumonia provirus levels associate with breed and Ovar-DRB1." Immunogenetics 60, no. 12 (September 17, 2008): 749–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00251-008-0328-9.

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10

Maslak, Donna M., and Mary Jo Schmerr. "Antigenic relatedness between ovine progressive pneumonia virus (OPPV) and HIV-1." Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 16, no. 2 (April 1993): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0147-9571(93)90002-m.

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11

Ellis, J. A., and J. C. Demartini. "Ovine interleukin-2: Partial purification and assay in normal sheep and sheep with ovine progressive pneumonia." Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 8, no. 1-2 (January 1985): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-2427(85)90106-0.

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12

Rosadio, R. H., J. M. Sharp, M. D. Lairmore, J. E. Dahlberg, and J. C. De Martini. "Lesions and Retroviruses Associated with Naturally Occurring Ovine Pulmonary Carcinoma (Sheep Pulmonary Adenomatosis)." Veterinary Pathology 25, no. 1 (January 1988): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030098588802500108.

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Five sheep with ovine pulmonary carcinoma were markedly dyspneic and had sporadic coughing; two had copious watery nasal exudate. In four, lesions consisted of multifocal nodules of neoplastic cuboidal epithelial cells in acinar or papillary patterns. Electron microscopically, cells had microvilli, tight junctions, and cytoplasmic lamellar bodies typical of alveolar type II cells. One sheep had a single lung tumor of nonciliated bronchiolar epithelial cells. Vacuolated alveolar macrophages surrounded adenomatous foci. One sheep had a metastatic lesion in the caudal mediastinal lymph node. All sheep had histologic lesions of lymphoid interstitial pneumonia (LIP, ovine progressive pneumonia) consisting of peribronchiolar and interstitial lymphoid hyperplasia, and fibromuscular proliferation; all had serum precipitating antibodies to ovine lentivirus. Lung fluids or tumor homogenates contained a 26-kd peptide that crossreacted with a primate-derived type D retrovirus as detected by immunoblotting or interspecies competition radioimmunoassay. Ovine lentivirus was isolated from concentrated lung fluids or tumor tissues of four sheep tested and from tumor cell DNA of one animal transfected into ovine muscle cells. These studies document the presence of type D-related retrovirus antigen in ovine pulmonary carcinoma (OPC) in the United States and indicate that lentivirus-induced LIP is a lesion frequently associated with this disease.

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13

Thompson, Jesse, Fangrui Ma, Meghan Quinn, and Shi-Hua Xiang. "Genome-Wide Search for Host Association Factors during Ovine Progressive Pneumonia Virus Infection." PLOS ONE 11, no. 3 (March 7, 2016): e0150344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0150344.

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14

Kwang, Jimmy, Jim Keen, Randall C. Cutlip, and E. Travis Littledike. "Evaluation of an ELISA for Detection of Ovine Progressive Pneumonia Antibodies using a Recombinant Transmembrane Envelope Protein." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 5, no. 2 (April 1993): 189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063879300500208.

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An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed using a recombinant protein corresponding to the N'-terminal hydrophilic region of transmembrane glycoprotein (TM) of ovine lentivirus. This assay reproducibly detected antibodies in sera from 207 of 212 ovine progressive pneumonia (OPP) virus-infected sheep, and the recombinant TM ELISA accurately identified 26% (35 vs. 9) more seropositive samples than did the agar gel immunodiffusion test when applied to 100 sera from an infected flock. This assay also yielded no false-positive results in 14 true negative sera. Results of these experiments were further confirmed by the recombinant TM and recombinant p25 Western blot assay. A single recombinant TM antigen, as the coating antigen in ELISA, can be used successfully for the detection of OPP virus-infected animals and can improve the sensitivity and specificity for OPP diagnosis.

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15

M. Herrmann-Hoesing, Lynn, Stephen N. White, Liam E. Broughton-Neiswanger, Wendell C. Johnson, Susan M. Noh, David A. Schneider, Hong Li, et al. "Ovine Progressive Pneumonia Virus Is Transmitted More Effectively via Aerosol Nebulization than Oral Administration." Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 02, no. 03 (2012): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojvm.2012.23019.

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16

Gerstner, Shelley, Jeffrey J. Adamovicz, John V. Duncan, William W. Laegreid, Katherine L. Marshall, James R. Logan, and Brant A. Schumaker. "Prevalence of and risk factors associated with ovine progressive pneumonia in Wyoming sheep flocks." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 247, no. 8 (October 15, 2015): 932–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.247.8.932.

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17

Varea, R., E. Monleón, C. Pacheco, L. Luján, R. Bolea, M. A. Vargas, G. van Eynde, et al. "Early Detection of Maedi-Visna (Ovine Progressive Pneumonia) Virus Seroconversion in Field Sheep Samples." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 13, no. 4 (July 2001): 301–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063870101300404.

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The aim of this work was to investigate whether an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was useful for early detection of maedi-visna virus (MVV) infection in sheep under field conditions. An ELISA based on p25 recombinant protein and a gp46 synthetic peptide was used. Sequentially obtained serum samples ( n = 1,941) were studied for 4 years. ELISA results were compared with those of the agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test, and results of both tests were compared with a reference result established using consensus scores for at least 2 of 3 serologic techniques (AGID, ELISA, and western blotting, which was used to resolve result discrepancies between the other 2 techniques). A total of 247 discrepancies were observed between ELISA and AGID. Of these, 131 were due to an earlier detection of 120 sera by the ELISA and 11 sera by AGID. The remaining discrepancies (116) were due to the presence of false reactions in both tests. Fewer false-negative results were found by ELISA than with AGID (6 vs. 69 sera, respectively), whereas the number of false-positive results was virtually the same for ELISA and AGID (21 vs. 20, respectively). In relation to the reference result, ELISA sensitivity and specificity were 97.8% and 98.2%, respectively, whereas values for AGID were 76.3% and 98.3%, respectively. The agreement between ELISA and the reference result was higher than that between AGID and the reference result (κ value: 0.96 and 0.77, respectively). A variation in the ELISA signal (based on optical density) was observed during the study period, suggesting different antibody levels throughout the animal's life. The ELISA was useful for detecting MVV-infected sheep in field conditions and has potential for use in control and eradication programs.

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18

Bulgin, Marie S. "Ovine Progressive Pneumonia, Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis, and Related Lentiviral Diseases of Sheep and Goats." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 6, no. 3 (November 1990): 691–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0749-0720(15)30841-0.

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19

Madewell, Bruce R., David B. Gill, and James F. Evermann. "Seroprevalence of ovine progressive pneumonia virus and other selected pathogens in California cull sheep." Preventive Veterinary Medicine 10, no. 1-2 (December 1990): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-5877(90)90048-m.

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20

Cutlip, Randall C., Howard D. Lehmkuhl, Kim A. Brogden, and Mary Jo F. Schmerr. "Failure of experimental vaccines to protect against infection with ovine progressive pneumonia (maedi-visna) virus." Veterinary Microbiology 13, no. 3 (March 1987): 201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1135(87)90082-4.

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21

Herrmann, Lynn M., Travis C. McGuire, Isidro Hötzel, Gregory S. Lewis, and Donald P. Knowles. "Surface Envelope Glycoprotein Is B-Lymphocyte Immunodominant in Sheep Naturally Infected with Ovine Progressive Pneumonia Virus." Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 12, no. 6 (June 2005): 797–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.12.6.797-800.2005.

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ABSTRACT The B-lymphocyte-immunodominant antigen involved in naturally ovine progressive pneumonia virus (OPPV)-infected mature sheep remains unknown. Therefore, the amount of antibody in sera from 10 naturally OPPV-infected sheep was evaluated by immunoprecipitation (IP) of the major viral proteins in [35S]methionine/cysteine-labeled OPPV (whole virus) lysate. Using an excess of OPPV proteins in whole-virus lysate, 8 out of 10 sheep had the highest serum antibody IP endpoint titers to the gp135 surface envelope glycoprotein (SU). Also, 2 out of 10 sheep had equivalent serum antibody IP endpoint titers to the transmembrane glycoprotein oligomer (TM90) and SU. Since these data indicate that SU is the immunodominant protein in most mature sheep persistently infected with OPPV, SU-specific diagnostic serological assays can be utilized for OPPV diagnosis.

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22

Herrmann-Hoesing, Lynn M., Susan M. Noh, Stephen N. White, Kevin R. Snekvik, Thomas Truscott, and Donald P. Knowles. "Peripheral Ovine Progressive Pneumonia Provirus Levels Correlate with and Predict Histological Tissue Lesion Severity in Naturally Infected Sheep." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 16, no. 4 (March 4, 2009): 551–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00459-08.

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ABSTRACT Studies were undertaken to determine whether anti-ovine progressive pneumonia virus (OPPV) antibody responses in serum or OPP provirus levels in peripheral blood associate with the degree of histologically measured tissue lesions in naturally OPPV-infected sheep. Sections of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, and hematoxylin- and eosin-stained lung, mammary gland, carpal synovial membrane, and brain tissues from 11 OPPV-infected ewes (mean age of 8.6 years) and 5 OPPV-uninfected ewes (mean age of 6 years) were evaluated for lesion severity. Ovine progressive pneumonia (OPP) provirus levels and anti-OPPV antibody titers in peripheral blood and serum samples, respectively, were measured upon euthanasia and 3 years prior to euthanasia. Both mean peripheral OPP provirus levels and mean serum anti-surface envelope glycoprotein (anti-SU) antibody titers at the time of euthanasia were significantly higher in ewes with moderate to severe histological lesions than in ewes with no to mild histological lesions. However, although mean peripheral blood OPP provirus levels at euthanasia and 3 years prior to euthanasia significantly correlated with the highest histological lesion score for any affected tissue (two-tailed P values, 0.03 and 0.02), mean serum anti-SU antibody titers, anti-capsid antibody titers, and anti-transmembrane 90 antibody titers at euthanasia did not show a significant correlation with the highest histological lesion score for any tissue (two-tailed P values, 0.32, 0.97, and 0.18, respectively). These data are the first to show that OPP provirus levels predict and correlate with the extent of OPPV-related histological lesions in various OPPV-affected tissues. These findings suggest that peripheral OPP provirus levels quantitatively contribute more to the development of histological lesions than the systemic anti-SU antibody host immune response.

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23

Singh, Rahul, Pawan Kumar, Rajendra Singh, Kuldeep Dhama, Swati Kumari, Jay Prakash Yadav, Gayatri Kashyap, Karam Pal Singh, Vidya Singh, and Monalisa Sahoo. "Pathology and polymerase chain reaction detection of ovine progressive pneumonia (maedi) cases in slaughtered sheep in India." Veterinary World 10, no. 11 (November 2017): 1401–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2017.1401-1406.

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24

Brodie, Scott J., Andres de la Concha-Bermejillo, Gary D. Snowder, and James C. DeMartini. "Current concepts in the epizootiology, diagnosis, and economic importance of ovine progressive pneumonia in North America: A review." Small Ruminant Research 27, no. 1 (January 1998): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4488(97)00019-9.

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25

Leymaster, K. A., C. G. Chitko-McKown, M. L. Clawson, G. P. Harhay, and M. P. Heaton. "Effects of TMEM154 haplotypes 1 and 3 on susceptibility to ovine progressive pneumonia virus following natural exposure in sheep1,2,3." Journal of Animal Science 91, no. 11 (November 1, 2013): 5114–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2013-6663.

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26

Herrmann-Hoesing, L. M., S. M. Noh, K. R. Snekvik, S. N. White, D. A. Schneider, T. Truscott, and D. P. Knowles. "Ovine Progressive Pneumonia Virus Capsid Antigen as Found in CD163- and CD172a-Positive Alveolar Macrophages of Persistently Infected Sheep." Veterinary Pathology 47, no. 3 (December 31, 2009): 518–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300985809359605.

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27

White, S. N., M. R. Mousel, J. O. Reynolds, G. S. Lewis, and L. M. Herrmann-Hoesing. "Common promoter deletion is associated with 3.9-fold differential transcription of ovineCCR5and reduced proviral level of ovine progressive pneumonia virus." Animal Genetics 40, no. 5 (October 2009): 583–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2052.2009.01882.x.

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28

Massa, Alisha T., Michelle R. Mousel, Codie J. Durfee, Maria K. Herndon, Kaneesha M. Hemmerling, J. Bret Taylor, Holly L. Neibergs, and Stephen N. White. "A DNA Regulatory Element Haplotype at Zinc Finger Genes Is Associated with Host Resilience to Small Ruminant Lentivirus in Two Sheep Populations." Animals 11, no. 7 (June 26, 2021): 1907. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11071907.

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Small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) causes Maedi-Visna or Ovine Progressive Pneumonia in sheep and creates insidious livestock production losses. This retrovirus is closely related to human immunodeficiency virus and currently has no vaccines or cure. Genetic marker assisted selection for sheep disease resiliency presents an attractive management solution. Previously, we identified a region containing a cluster of zinc finger genes that had association with ovine SRLV proviral concentration. Trait-association analysis validated a small insertion/deletion variant near ZNF389 (rs397514112) in multiple sheep breeds. In the current study, 543 sheep from two distinct populations were genotyped at 34 additional variants for fine mapping of the regulatory elements within this locus. Variants were selected based on ChIP-seq annotation data from sheep alveolar macrophages that defined active cis-regulatory elements predicted to influence zinc finger gene expression. We present a haplotype block of variants within regulatory elements that have improved associations and larger effect sizes (up to 4.7-fold genotypic difference in proviral concentration) than the previously validated ZNF389 deletion marker. Hypotheses for the underlying causal mutation or mutations are presented based on changes to in silico transcription factor binding sites. These variants offer alternative markers for selective breeding and are targets for future functional mutation assays.

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29

Chakraborty, Sandip, Amit Kumar, Ruchi Tiwari, Anu Rahal, Yash Malik, Kuldeep Dhama, Amar Pal, and Minakshi Prasad. "Advances in Diagnosis of Respiratory Diseases of Small Ruminants." Veterinary Medicine International 2014 (2014): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/508304.

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Irrespective of aetiology, infectious respiratory diseases of sheep and goats contribute to 5.6 percent of the total diseases of small ruminants. These infectious respiratory disorders are divided into two groups: the diseases of upper respiratory tract, namely, nasal myiasis and enzootic nasal tumors, and diseases of lower respiratory tract, namely, peste des petits ruminants (PPR), parainfluenza, Pasteurellosis, Ovine progressive pneumonia, mycoplasmosis, caprine arthritis encephalitis virus, caseous lymphadenitis, verminous pneumonia, and many others. Depending upon aetiology, many of them are acute and fatal in nature. Early, rapid, and specific diagnosis of such diseases holds great importance to reduce the losses. The advanced enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for the detection of antigen as well as antibodies directly from the samples and molecular diagnostic assays along with microsatellites comprehensively assist in diagnosis as well as treatment and epidemiological studies. The present review discusses the advancements made in the diagnosis of common infectious respiratory diseases of sheep and goats. It would update the knowledge and help in adapting and implementing appropriate, timely, and confirmatory diagnostic procedures. Moreover, it would assist in designing appropriate prevention protocols and devising suitable control strategies to overcome respiratory diseases and alleviate the economic losses.

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Myers-Evert, Dawn K., and Lynn M. Herrmann-Hoesing. "Ovine progressive pneumonia virus capsid is B-cell immunodominant using Western blot analysis: A comparison of sensitivity between Western blot analysis and immunoprecipitation." Journal of Virological Methods 137, no. 2 (November 2006): 339–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2006.06.025.

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31

Wildeus, S., and G. Tessema. "135 Incidence of Ovine Progressive Pneumonia (OPP) in a Flock of Landrace Hair Sheep: Impact on Performance and Implications for Mode of Transmission." Journal of Animal Science 96, suppl_1 (March 1, 2018): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/sky027.135.

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32

Ellis, J. A., and J. C. Demartini. "Evidence of decreased concanavalin A induced suppressor cell activity in the peripheral blood and pulmonary lymph nodes of sheep with ovine progressive pneumonia." Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 8, no. 1-2 (January 1985): 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-2427(85)90113-8.

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33

Herrmann, Lynn M., William P. Cheevers, Katherine L. Marshall, Travis C. McGuire, Melinda M. Hutton, Gregory S. Lewis, and Donald P. Knowles. "Detection of Serum Antibodies to Ovine Progressive Pneumonia Virus in Sheep by Using a Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus Competitive-Inhibition Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay." Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 10, no. 5 (September 2003): 862–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.10.5.862-865.2003.

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ABSTRACT A competitive-inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) for detection of antibodies to the surface envelope (SU) of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) was recently reported (L. M. Herrmann, W. P. Cheevers, T. C. McGuire, D. Scott Adams, M. M. Hutton, W. G. Gavin, and D. P. Knowles, Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 10:267-271, 2003). The cELISA utilizes CAEV-63 SU captured on microtiter plates using the monoclonal antibody (MAb) F7-299 and measures competitive displacement of binding of the anti-CAEV MAb GPB 74A by goat serum. The present study evaluated the CAEV cELISA for detection of antibodies to ovine progressive pneumonia virus (OPPV) in sheep. Three hundred thirty-two sera were randomly selected from 21,373 sheep sera collected throughout the United States to determine the sensitivity and specificity of cELISA and agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) based on immunoprecipitation (IP) of [35S]methionine-labeled OPPV antigens as a standard of comparison. A positive cELISA test was defined as >20.9 percent inhibition (% I) of MAb 74A binding based on two standard deviations above the mean % I of 191 IP-negative sheep sera. At this cutoff, there were 2 of 141 false-negative sera (98.6% sensitivity) and 6 of 191 false-positive sera (96.9% specificity). Sensitivity and specificity values for IP-monitored AGID were comparable to those for cELISA for 314 of 332 sera with unambiguous AGID results. Concordant results by cELISA and IP resolved 16 of the 18 sera that were indeterminate by AGID. Additional studies evaluated cELISA by using 539 sera from a single OPPV-positive flock. Based on IP of 36 of these sera, there was one false-negative by cELISA among 21 IP-positive sera (95.5% sensitivity) and 0 of 15 false-positives (100% specificity). We conclude that the CAEV cELISA can be applied to detection of OPPV antibodies in sheep with high sensitivity and specificity.

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Leymaster, K. A., C. G. Chitko-McKown, and M. P. Heaton. "Incidence of infection in 39-month-old ewes with TMEM154 diplotypes “1 1,” “1 3,” and “3 3” after natural exposure to ovine progressive pneumonia virus1,2." Journal of Animal Science 93, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2014-8553.

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Herrmann, Lynn M., Isidro Hötzel, William P. Cheevers, Kathy Pretty On Top, Gregory S. Lewis, and Donald P. Knowles. "Seven new ovine progressive pneumonia virus (OPPV) field isolates from Dubois Idaho sheep comprise part of OPPV clade II based on surface envelope glycoprotein (SU) sequences." Virus Research 102, no. 2 (June 2004): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2004.02.001.

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Herrmann-Hoesing, Lynn M., Liam E. Broughton-Neiswanger, Kimberly C. Gouine, Stephen N. White, Michele R. Mousel, Gregory S. Lewis, Katherine L. Marshall, and Donald P. Knowles. "Evaluation of a Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus/Maedi-Visna Virus Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay in the Serological Diagnosis of Ovine Progressive Pneumonia Virus in U.S. Sheep." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 17, no. 2 (December 16, 2009): 307–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00349-09.

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ABSTRACT A caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV)/maedi-visna virus (MVV) indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) was validated with samples from U.S. sheep and by the use of radioimmunoprecipitation as the standard for comparison. The sensitivity and the specificity were 86.0% (±5.8%) and 95.9% (±2.9%), respectively. The iELISA format and phylogenetic differences based on the MVV gag sequence contribute to the reduced sensitivity.

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Hötzel, Isidro, and William P. Cheevers. "Host Range of Small-Ruminant Lentivirus Cytopathic Variants Determined with a Selectable Caprine Arthritis- Encephalitis Virus Pseudotype System." Journal of Virology 75, no. 16 (August 15, 2001): 7384–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.75.16.7384-7391.2001.

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ABSTRACT The small-ruminant lentiviruses ovine maedi-visna virus (MVV) and caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) cause encephalitis, progressive pneumonia, arthritis, and mastitis in sheep and goats. Icelandic MVV strains, which are lytic in tissue culture, have a wide species distribution of functional receptors, which includes human cells. In contrast, functional receptors for the nonlytic CAEV CO are absent from human cells. To determine if the wide species distribution of functional receptors is a common property of MVV strains or related to cytopathic phenotype, we tested the infectivity of viruses pseudotyped with the envelope glycoproteins of MVV K1514, CAEV CO, and lytic and nonlytic North American MVV strains to cells of different species. Replication-defective CAEV proviral constructs lacking the env, tat, andvif genes and carrying the neomycin phosphotransferase gene in the vif-tat region were developed for the infectivity assays. Cotransfection of human 293T cells with these proviral constructs and plasmids expressing CAEV, MVV, or vesicular stomatitis virus envelope glycoproteins produced infectious pseudotyped virus which induced resistance of infected cells to G418. Using these pseudotypes, we confirmed the wide species distribution of Icelandic MVV receptors and the narrow host range of CAEV. However, functional receptors for the two North American MVV strains tested, unlike the Icelandic MVV and similar to CAEV, were limited to cells of ruminant species, regardless of cytopathic phenotype. The results indicate a differential receptor recognition by MVV strains which is unrelated to cytopathic phenotype.

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Juste, Ramón A., Troy L. Ott, Jimmy Kwang, Fuller W. Bazer, and Andrés de la Concha-Bermejillo. "Effects of recombinant ovine interferon-τ on ovine lentivirus replication and progression of disease." Microbiology 81, no. 2 (February 1, 2000): 525–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-81-2-525.

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The antiviral effects of recombinant ovine interferon-τ (roIFN-τ) were studied in 26 lambs inoculated with ovine lentivirus (OvLV) or mock-infected. Six of the OvLV-infected lambs and three of the mock-infected lambs were treated with 106 antiviral units (AVU) per kg roIFN-τ daily for 30 days starting at day 0 post-inoculation (p.i.) and twice a week thereafter (early treatment). Six of the OvLV-infected lambs and three of the mock-infected lambs were treated with 106 AVU/kg roIFN-τ daily for 30 days starting at day 150 p.i. and twice a week thereafter (late treatment). Six OvLV-infected and two mock-infected lambs were treated either early or late with placebo. Cell-associated viraemia was quantified by an end-point dilution method. The weekly antibody response against OvLV proteins was studied by ELISA. All experimental animals were killed at 27 weeks p.i. and histological sections of lung were scored for the degree of lymphoid interstitial pneumonia (LIP). A 90% reduction in OvLV titres was detected at 4 weeks post-treatment in lambs that received early roIFN-τ treatment (P<0·01). Differences in virus titres were also found at weeks 2 and 6 (P<0·05). Scores for LIP degree were higher in infected lambs treated with placebo or late roIFN-τ than in the mock-infected lambs or in the infected lambs that received early roIFN-τ (P<0·05). LIP scores were not different between mock-infected lambs and infected lambs that received early roIFN-τ. These results indicate that roIFN-τ curtails OvLV replication in vivo and reduces the likelihood of development of lentivirus-induced LIP when infected lambs are treated during the initial phases of OvLV infection.

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Yaghouby, Farid, Chathuri Daluwatte, Satoshi Fukuda, Christina Nelson, John Salsbury, Michael Kinsky, George C. Kramer, David G. Strauss, Perenlei Enkhbaatar, and Christopher G. Scully. "Progression and variability of physiologic deterioration in an ovine model of lung infection sepsis." Journal of Applied Physiology 123, no. 1 (July 1, 2017): 172–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00122.2017.

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In this study, a lung infection model of pneumonia in sheep ( n = 12) that included smoke inhalation injury followed by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus placement into the lungs was used to investigate hemodynamic and pulmonary dysfunctions during the course of sepsis progression. To assess the variability in disease progression, animals were retrospectively divided into survivor ( n = 6) and nonsurvivor ( n = 6) groups, and a range of physiological indexes reflecting hemodynamic and pulmonary function were estimated and compared to evaluate variability in dynamics underlying sepsis development. Blood pressure and heart rate variability analyses were performed to assess whether they discriminated between the survivor and nonsurvivor groups early on and after intervention. Results showed hemodynamic deterioration in both survivor and nonsurvivor animals during sepsis along with a severe oxygenation disruption (decreased peripheral oxygen saturation) in nonsurvivors separating them from survivor animals of this model. Variability analysis of beat-to-beat heart rate and blood pressure reflected physiologic deterioration during infection for all animals, but these analyses did not discriminate the nonsurvivor animals from survivor animals. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Variable pulmonary response to injury results in varying outcomes in a previously reported animal model of lung injury and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-induced sepsis. Heart rate and blood pressure variability analyses were investigated to track the varying levels of physiologic deterioration but did not discriminate early nonsurvivors from survivors.

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Harrington, Robert D., Lynn M. Herrmann-Hoesing, Stephen N. White, Katherine I. O'Rourke, and Donald P. Knowles. "Ovine progressive pneumonia provirus levels are unaffected by the prion 171R allele in an Idaho sheep flock." Genetics Selection Evolution 41, no. 1 (January 22, 2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1297-9686-41-17.

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