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Academic literature on the topic 'Ovocytes – Aspect moléculaire – Modèles animaux'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ovocytes – Aspect moléculaire – Modèles animaux"
Vallée, Maud. "Identification de gènes spécifiques à l'ovocyte conservés au cours de l'évolution." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24138/24138.pdf.
Full textFatma, Mena. "Approches transcriptionelles dans des modèles animaux de stress et de dépression majeure." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68545.
Full textMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is the leading cause of disability for three decades with over 300 million affected worldwide. Indeed, it is a major contributor to the overall global economic burden of disease. Despite its significant societal impact, the biological mechanisms of depression remain poorly understood. Unfortunately, only around 30% of patients treated for depression show complete improvement in their symptoms. Given, the high failure rate of antidepressant clinical trials, there has been increased scrutiny recently regarding their use for deciphering the neurobiology of depression and to design potential treatment interventions. Given the fact that most of our knowledge of the field comes from animal models, indeed, these models reproduce some aspects of human MDD but to what degree remains unknown. This work elucidates the extent to which they recapitulate the molecular pathology of the human disorder. In this thesis, we leveraged differential expression and co-expression network analyses to catalogue the overlap between human MDD and 3 mouse model of stress, namely chronic variable stress, social isolation and chronic social defeat stress, and evaluated their capacity of reproducing the transcriptional profiles associated with human MDD in two brain regions, mPFC and NAc, widely implicated in depression. Our results show that each model efficiently reproduces common but also unique transcriptional features of the human syndrome.Overall, by identifying strongly co-expressed groups of genes shared between humans and mice, our results suggest that these transcriptional signatures are similarly involved in the control of functional pathways in both species and confer strong support for the use of these mouse models for the study of the molecular alterations seen in MDD while providing important implications for future research and clinical applications.
Bordeleau, Louis-Jean. "Caractérisation de la tyrosine kinase hck et de son isoforme tronqué, hck-tr, dans les gamètes mâles." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20445.
Full textCloutier, Marc. "Études des mécanismes biomoléculaires de la croissance pulmonaire induite par l'occlusion trachéale : importance du sentier Rho/ROCK." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27854/27854.pdf.
Full textBandaru, Sirisha. "Découverte des mécanismes moléculaires de régulation de la morphologie mitochondriale chez les mammifères : le rôle contrôleur de la protéase rhomboide PARL." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/25048/25048.pdf.
Full textEl-Mounajjed, Hoda. "Changements physiopathologiques et moléculaires suite au retrait du NTBC des souris du modèle murin de la tyrosinémie héréditaire de type 1." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29234/29234.pdf.
Full textTaulan-Cadars, Magali. "Analyse du transcriptome rénal murin dans des conditions d'exposition aigue͏̈ et chronique à l'uranium." Montpellier 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON1T006.
Full textPotvin, Eric. "Génomique fonctionnelle de Pseudomonas aeruginosa et analyse moléculaire fine d'un facteur sigma-anti-sigma." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19067.
Full textPseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause pulmonary infections in cystic fibrosis patients (CF). To overcome innate self defense, P. aeruginosa possesses a wide arsenal of virulence factors. These include degradation enzymes such as proteases, lipases and phospholipases and the production of three specific toxins: exotoxin A and exoenzymes S and T. Sequencing of the complete P. aeruginosa chromosome (strain PAO1) of 6.3 Mb revealed a highly regulated and complex genomic organization. In order to better understand host-pathogen molecular interactions, we developped a new signature-tagged mutagenesis (STM) approach based on PCR screening. The PCR-based STM technology lead to the identification of 214 mutants deficient in their ability to maintain a chronic pulmonary infection in the rat lung. In that pool of STM mutants, STM2895, which contains a transposon insertion in functional PA2895, was the most frequently drafted during the whole mutant library screening. Phenotypic analyses of the STM2895 strain allowed us to identify an exoprotease production defect as compared with wild type strain PAO1. The biochemical characterization of that proteolytic default using specific degradation assays combined with western blotting revealed that at least two (LasA and LasB) of the four major exoproteases from P. aeruginosa STM2895 strain are inactive. In fact, LasA and LasB elastases were shown to be present in the STM2895 culture supernatant, correctly processed but inactive due to a probable misfolding of proteins. The PA2895 gene (unknown function) encodes a protein with a predicted transmembrane domain. Basic genomic context analyses strongly suggest a cotranscription unit with the downstream gene PA2896, a putative sigma 70 factor from ECF (extracytoplasmic function) type. Microarray experiments on the STM2895 strain and an insertional mutant of the PA2896 gene were performed to establish a link between the putative PA2895-PA2896 operon and the metabolism of iron. Transcriptome analysis also demonstrated a repressive action of PA2895 on the transcription of PA2896 putative sigma factor. Finally, in vivo studies in the rat lung chronic infection model clearly showed a ten-fold decrease in survival capacity of the mutant strain when compared to the PAO1 wild-type strain.
Roy, Vincent. "Changements physiopathologiques et moléculaires lors de la dysfonction hépatique dans un modèle murin de la tyrosinémie héréditaire de type 1." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26284.
Full textHereditary tyrosinemia type 1 (HT1) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by deficiency of fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH), the last enzyme of the tyrosine catabolic pathway. This severe metabolic disease is mainly caracterized by liver and kidney dysfuntion, due to the accumulation of toxic metabolites. Moreover, injuries inflicted on the liver could lead to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Actually, the only treatment is a daily intake of NTBC combined with a restrictive diet low in tyrosine and phenylalanine. While this treatment increases the life expectancy of patients, the risk of developing HCC remains. The general objectives of this work are to determine the pathophysiological changes of the HT1 phenotype and the molecular mechanisms involved in cell transformation and progression of liver dysfunction in a mouse model. fah-/- mice were subjected to NTBC withdrawal to investigate the signaling pathways involved in various stages of the disease. The interruption of NTBC induced a degeneration of general physiological conditions. Histological analysis revealed a distortion of the liver’s morphology with hepatocellular lesions, inflammation and steatotic nodules. Western blotting results have shown a chronic and progressive modulation of signaling pathways related to cell survival and proliferation in response to stress. At this point, no cancer has been diagnosed, but a significant activation of the endoplasmic reticulum signaling pathways has been demonstrated during the progression of TH1. This modulation may play a central role in the degeneration of liver cells by creating a microenvironment suitable for future HCC growth and invasion.
Fontaine-Lavallée, Catherine. "Étude des mécanismes moléculaires précoces de la réponse neuro-immunitaire dans des modèles de la maladie de Parkinson." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26605.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the study of the mechanisms of action of the neurotoxin MPTP and the process leading to innate immune cells activation. In the first part, a study of the chronology of immune events taking place in this experimental context was performed using the transgenic mice cis-NF-ĸBeGFP, CX3CR1GFP and lysMeGFP showing very early inflammatory activities in the myenteric plexus. In a second phase, a mechanistic study on immune cells ability to carry the toxin was conducted using the fluorescent analog of MPP+, APP+. Immune cells can indeed carry this analog, and therefore may be modulated by the neurotoxin. Finally, in a third aspect, an in vitro conditioning assay with monocytes and dopaminergic neurons showed the importance of a combination of the effect of MPP+ on dopaminergic neurons and a pro-inflammatory environment to generate alterations in these neurons.