Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ovocytes – Aspect moléculaire – Modèles animaux'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 34 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Ovocytes – Aspect moléculaire – Modèles animaux.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Vallée, Maud. "Identification de gènes spécifiques à l'ovocyte conservés au cours de l'évolution." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24138/24138.pdf.
Full textFatma, Mena. "Approches transcriptionelles dans des modèles animaux de stress et de dépression majeure." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68545.
Full textMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is the leading cause of disability for three decades with over 300 million affected worldwide. Indeed, it is a major contributor to the overall global economic burden of disease. Despite its significant societal impact, the biological mechanisms of depression remain poorly understood. Unfortunately, only around 30% of patients treated for depression show complete improvement in their symptoms. Given, the high failure rate of antidepressant clinical trials, there has been increased scrutiny recently regarding their use for deciphering the neurobiology of depression and to design potential treatment interventions. Given the fact that most of our knowledge of the field comes from animal models, indeed, these models reproduce some aspects of human MDD but to what degree remains unknown. This work elucidates the extent to which they recapitulate the molecular pathology of the human disorder. In this thesis, we leveraged differential expression and co-expression network analyses to catalogue the overlap between human MDD and 3 mouse model of stress, namely chronic variable stress, social isolation and chronic social defeat stress, and evaluated their capacity of reproducing the transcriptional profiles associated with human MDD in two brain regions, mPFC and NAc, widely implicated in depression. Our results show that each model efficiently reproduces common but also unique transcriptional features of the human syndrome.Overall, by identifying strongly co-expressed groups of genes shared between humans and mice, our results suggest that these transcriptional signatures are similarly involved in the control of functional pathways in both species and confer strong support for the use of these mouse models for the study of the molecular alterations seen in MDD while providing important implications for future research and clinical applications.
Bordeleau, Louis-Jean. "Caractérisation de la tyrosine kinase hck et de son isoforme tronqué, hck-tr, dans les gamètes mâles." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20445.
Full textCloutier, Marc. "Études des mécanismes biomoléculaires de la croissance pulmonaire induite par l'occlusion trachéale : importance du sentier Rho/ROCK." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27854/27854.pdf.
Full textBandaru, Sirisha. "Découverte des mécanismes moléculaires de régulation de la morphologie mitochondriale chez les mammifères : le rôle contrôleur de la protéase rhomboide PARL." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/25048/25048.pdf.
Full textEl-Mounajjed, Hoda. "Changements physiopathologiques et moléculaires suite au retrait du NTBC des souris du modèle murin de la tyrosinémie héréditaire de type 1." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29234/29234.pdf.
Full textTaulan-Cadars, Magali. "Analyse du transcriptome rénal murin dans des conditions d'exposition aigue͏̈ et chronique à l'uranium." Montpellier 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON1T006.
Full textPotvin, Eric. "Génomique fonctionnelle de Pseudomonas aeruginosa et analyse moléculaire fine d'un facteur sigma-anti-sigma." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19067.
Full textPseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause pulmonary infections in cystic fibrosis patients (CF). To overcome innate self defense, P. aeruginosa possesses a wide arsenal of virulence factors. These include degradation enzymes such as proteases, lipases and phospholipases and the production of three specific toxins: exotoxin A and exoenzymes S and T. Sequencing of the complete P. aeruginosa chromosome (strain PAO1) of 6.3 Mb revealed a highly regulated and complex genomic organization. In order to better understand host-pathogen molecular interactions, we developped a new signature-tagged mutagenesis (STM) approach based on PCR screening. The PCR-based STM technology lead to the identification of 214 mutants deficient in their ability to maintain a chronic pulmonary infection in the rat lung. In that pool of STM mutants, STM2895, which contains a transposon insertion in functional PA2895, was the most frequently drafted during the whole mutant library screening. Phenotypic analyses of the STM2895 strain allowed us to identify an exoprotease production defect as compared with wild type strain PAO1. The biochemical characterization of that proteolytic default using specific degradation assays combined with western blotting revealed that at least two (LasA and LasB) of the four major exoproteases from P. aeruginosa STM2895 strain are inactive. In fact, LasA and LasB elastases were shown to be present in the STM2895 culture supernatant, correctly processed but inactive due to a probable misfolding of proteins. The PA2895 gene (unknown function) encodes a protein with a predicted transmembrane domain. Basic genomic context analyses strongly suggest a cotranscription unit with the downstream gene PA2896, a putative sigma 70 factor from ECF (extracytoplasmic function) type. Microarray experiments on the STM2895 strain and an insertional mutant of the PA2896 gene were performed to establish a link between the putative PA2895-PA2896 operon and the metabolism of iron. Transcriptome analysis also demonstrated a repressive action of PA2895 on the transcription of PA2896 putative sigma factor. Finally, in vivo studies in the rat lung chronic infection model clearly showed a ten-fold decrease in survival capacity of the mutant strain when compared to the PAO1 wild-type strain.
Roy, Vincent. "Changements physiopathologiques et moléculaires lors de la dysfonction hépatique dans un modèle murin de la tyrosinémie héréditaire de type 1." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26284.
Full textHereditary tyrosinemia type 1 (HT1) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by deficiency of fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH), the last enzyme of the tyrosine catabolic pathway. This severe metabolic disease is mainly caracterized by liver and kidney dysfuntion, due to the accumulation of toxic metabolites. Moreover, injuries inflicted on the liver could lead to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Actually, the only treatment is a daily intake of NTBC combined with a restrictive diet low in tyrosine and phenylalanine. While this treatment increases the life expectancy of patients, the risk of developing HCC remains. The general objectives of this work are to determine the pathophysiological changes of the HT1 phenotype and the molecular mechanisms involved in cell transformation and progression of liver dysfunction in a mouse model. fah-/- mice were subjected to NTBC withdrawal to investigate the signaling pathways involved in various stages of the disease. The interruption of NTBC induced a degeneration of general physiological conditions. Histological analysis revealed a distortion of the liver’s morphology with hepatocellular lesions, inflammation and steatotic nodules. Western blotting results have shown a chronic and progressive modulation of signaling pathways related to cell survival and proliferation in response to stress. At this point, no cancer has been diagnosed, but a significant activation of the endoplasmic reticulum signaling pathways has been demonstrated during the progression of TH1. This modulation may play a central role in the degeneration of liver cells by creating a microenvironment suitable for future HCC growth and invasion.
Fontaine-Lavallée, Catherine. "Étude des mécanismes moléculaires précoces de la réponse neuro-immunitaire dans des modèles de la maladie de Parkinson." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26605.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the study of the mechanisms of action of the neurotoxin MPTP and the process leading to innate immune cells activation. In the first part, a study of the chronology of immune events taking place in this experimental context was performed using the transgenic mice cis-NF-ĸBeGFP, CX3CR1GFP and lysMeGFP showing very early inflammatory activities in the myenteric plexus. In a second phase, a mechanistic study on immune cells ability to carry the toxin was conducted using the fluorescent analog of MPP+, APP+. Immune cells can indeed carry this analog, and therefore may be modulated by the neurotoxin. Finally, in a third aspect, an in vitro conditioning assay with monocytes and dopaminergic neurons showed the importance of a combination of the effect of MPP+ on dopaminergic neurons and a pro-inflammatory environment to generate alterations in these neurons.
Selvamohan, Rossette. "Le rôle de Ctso et d'Acta2, deux gènes candidats suppresseurs de métastase, dans la cascade métastatique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29785/29785.pdf.
Full textTyre, Madeline. "Répression de l'expression du gène Insl3 par les estrogènes dans les cellules de Leydig." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29813/29813.pdf.
Full textGuillemette, Stéphanie. "La contribution de Mek2 dans le développement du placenta murin." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24208/24208.pdf.
Full textQuillet, Renaud. "Définition moléculaire de l'origine des alteractions morphologiques liées à la dysfonction de Twist." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13182.
Full textBinette, Kéven. "L'impact de la stimulation magnétique transcrânienne répétée à haute fréquence sur le substrat moléculaire et le comportement de souris déficitaires en sérotonine." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31589.
Full textRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that is being extensively used in clinical research. For instance, the use of high-frequency (HF) rTMS to treat treatment-resistant major depression (TRD) is approved by Health Canada and the Food and Drug Administration, but its neurobiological mechanisms remains unclear. The laboratories of Jean-Martin Beaulieu and Shirley Fecteau reported in the past that a 5-day HF rTMS regimen applied over the frontal cortex of mice induced epigenetic modulations of specific protein levels in a manner similar to those of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. In that sense, a protocol using a mice model that suits the TRD condition was created. Tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (Tph2) is an enzyme which synthesize serotonin (5-HT) in the adult brain. Mice expressing a mutant form of that enzyme results in ~80 % less 5-HT and leads to anxiety, depressive and compulsive behaviors. This mutation has been found in an elder and teenager group, the former showing TRD and the latter showing obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms. The main goal of this project was to assess the epigenetic impact of a 5-day HF rTMS regimen on gene expression and behaviors in Tph2 mutant mice as compared to a sham-rTMS regimen. In the end, no significant differences occurred between the rTMS and sham Tph2 mice in both anxiety and compulsivity behaviors following a 5-day HF rTMS regimen. Unfortunately, the second part of this project, the gene expression assessment, was postponed halfway because of the extensive data analysis not inserting itself within the timescale of this master’s project and other reasons out of our control. Nevertheless, the future analysis of gene expression might, as observed in the past, show significant differences on the molecular level even if no significant behavior modifications were observed.
Bissonauth, Vickram. "Rôle essentiel de Mek1 dans le développement des tissus extra embryonnaires de la souris." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23624/23624.pdf.
Full textOntchangalt, Henriette Pascale. "Rôle du gène Hoxa5 dans le stroma de la glande mammaire chez la souris." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30246/30246.pdf.
Full textHox genes encode transcriptional factors essential for embryogenesis. Previous studies on Hoxa5 mutant female mice have demonstrated a disorganization of the mammary gland morphology causing incapacity to feed the pups. This study consists to determine the implication of Hoxa5 gene in mammary stroma composition by using four and ten month old female mice as well as 12.5 days pregnant mice. Our investigation consists in analyzing the expression of five proteins: collagen, fibronectin, decorin, lumican, and UCP-1 (Uncoupling protein-1). Both transcript and protein genes’ levels were modulated in mammary gland of Hoxa5-/- mice. I have shown that Hoxa5 gene expression in mammary gland is necessary to establish and maintain stroma integrity during oestrus cycle in four and ten month old mice and for the terminal differentiation of mammary gland epithelial structures at 12.5 days of gestation.
Sood, Aditi. "Wiring the adaptive response of mitochondria to metabolic transitions : a Mitofusin-2- dependent proteolytic elimination of OPA1 accompanies cristae and mitochondria-ER contacts remodelling in the postprandial mouse liver." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25772.
Full textIt is well established in cultured models that mitochondrial dynamics and cristae remodeling regulate mitochondrial function under different stress conditions, such as starvation and apoptosis. Despite the tremendous amount of research in this field, relatively little is known about the significance of mitochondrial dynamics and ultrastructure remodeling under normal physiological conditions in vivo. In the 1960’s, Hackenbrock demonstrated that isolated mitochondria adopt distinct internal conformations under different metabolic states. Based on these observations, he predicted that mitochondrial ultrastructural changes regulate the organelles functional output. However, whether these ultrastructural changes also accompany metabolic transitions in vivo, under physiological conditions, is not known. Further, hepatic metabolism requires mitochondria to adapt their bioenergetic and biosynthetic output to the ever-changing anabolic/catabolic state of the liver cell, but the wiring of this process is still largely elusive. In this study, we provide the first in vivo quantitative description of the adaptive response of the mitochondrial reticulum to hepatic metabolic transitions. Using a postprandial mouse liver model and quantitative cryo-EM analysis we show that at 5 hours after feeding the mTORC1 signaling is blocked, the mitochondria network fragments, the cristae density decreases and the mitochondrial respiratory capacity drops. These changes are accompanied with a parallel increase in the mitochondria-ER contact (MERCs) lengths, which control calcium and phospholipids fluxes between the two organelles. Further, these events are associated with the transient expression of two previously unidentified C-terminal fragments (CTFs) of Optic atrophy-1 (OPA1), a mitochondrial GTPase that regulates cristae and mitochondrial dynamics. Using an in vitro assay, we show that these CTFs originate from a novel OPA1 processing, termed C-cleavage that eliminates OPA1 activity by breaking off the GTPase. Importantly, we show that C-cleavage requires the presence of Mitofusin-2 (MFN2), a key regulator of mitochondria fusion and MERCs biogenesis, but not that of its homolog Mitofusin-1 (MFN1), thereby linking cristae remodeling to MERCs assembly.
Mucunguzi, Octave. "Les mécanismes moléculaires du Facteur Trefoil 2 dans le métabolisme énergétique et le développement de l'obésité." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/40220.
Full textObesity is a multifactorial disease. Food intake, lifestyle and genetics are the three factors that contribute to its development. Tff2 is a small gut peptide playing protective and maintenance functions. Trefoil factor 2 knockout mice (Tff2KO) are viable, fertile and protected from high fat induced obesity (HIO) and their feeding behaviors are different from those of wild type (WT) ones. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which Tff2 contributes to the development of obesity. To do this, the principal transcriptional regulators for high fat and low fat responsive genes were identified in the small intestine; then Tff2 KO and WT mice were fed ad libitum with high-fat diet (HF) and low-fat diet (LF), their development has been supervised. Thereafter, energy metabolizing organs such as liver, adipose tissue and skeletal muscle have been harvested in order to measure the expression of genes and proteins involved in energy metabolism. Proteins and genes such as CD36/Cd36, NUR77/Nur77, and GLUT4/Glut4 were more expressed in Tff2KO mice than in WT mice, whereas no significant differences were observed in mitochondrial proteins. Our results showed a part of molecular and metabolic pathways that connect Tff2 and energy metabolizing proteins, we hope that Tff2 will be studied in human tissues to emphasize its role in the development of obesity and use it as a new therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity.
Szilágyi, Szabolcs. "Molecular determinants of myofibrillar contractile function in the heart." Montpellier 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON1T030.
Full textLabbé, Adam. "Profil d'expression des fibroblastes de souris embryonnaires avec une suppression dans le domaine hélicase de l'homologue du gène Werner traité avec du peroxyde d'hydrogène." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28800/28800.pdf.
Full textMoulin, Julie-Alexandra. "Développement d'outils permettant l'évaluation quantitative de la maturité pulmonaire foetale à un temps gestationnel précis chez la souris." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24783/24783.pdf.
Full textBergeron, Francis. "Caractérisation du promoteur du gène platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) de rat dans les cellules de leydig." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27165/27165.pdf.
Full textZiyyat, Ahmed. "Séparation de spermatides rondes par cytométrie en flux et expression génique durant le développement préimplantatoire après microinjection de la spermatide dans l'ovocyte de souris." Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA11T062.
Full textNattarayan, Vasugi. "The functional and therapeutic role of BIN1 and PI3K-C2β in skeletal muscle physiology and pathophysiology." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAJ083.
Full textCentronuclear myopathies (CNM) are a group of severe congential disorders that affect the skeletal muscles and are mainly characterized by muscle weakness, hypotonia and respiratory distress. One of the hallmark features of CNM is the presence of central nuclei in the muscle fibers, opposing to its normal peripheral localization. The most severe form of the disease is due to mutations in MTM1 gene, whereas some of the other commonly mutated genes are BIN1 and DNM2. To date, there is no cure available for CNM. To better understand the role of BIN1 in disease pathomechanisms, we have created and characterized a novel Bin1 mouse model (Bin1 cKO) for CNM and have shown various structural and functional defects associated with the BIN1 loss in skeletal muscles. We have provided a therapeutic proof of concept for BIN1 related CNM, where the downregulation of Dnm2 in Bin1 cKO mice rescued its CNM phenotypes. Separately, we have shown that inhibiting the kinase activity of PI3K-C2β results in the rescue of CNM phenotypes of Mtm1 KO mice. Similarly, we have shown a probable partial rescue of CNM phenotypes of Bin1 cKO mice by inhibiting the kinase activity of PI3K-C2β. Apart from Bin1 cKO mice, we have also created and characterized a Bin1 KI mice model, mimicking the BIN1 K35N patient mutation of CNM
Jaeg, Tiphaine. "Exploring the mitochondrial function in muscle and molecular dysregulation in cerebellum in a mouse model for ARCA2, a recessive ataxia with coenzyme Q10 deficiency." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAJ082/document.
Full textARCA2, a rare form of recessive ataxia, is characterized by early onset progressive ataxia, cerebellar atrophy and a mild Coenzyme Q10 deficiency. Most of the patients show additional neurological signs such as epilepsy and exercise intolerance. Mutations in the COQ8A gene lead to ARCA2. COQ8A is suggested as being an unorthodox protein kinase like, with a regulatory role in CoQ biosynthesis, in mammals. To better understand ARCA2, a constitutive Coq8a knock-out (KO) mouse model was generated, which recapitulates most of the patient’s symptoms. Here we report the use of cellular models and the affected tissues to uncover the molecular signature of COQ8A loss and CoQ deficit. Despite CoQ deficit in the muscle, no mitochondrial bioenergetics defect was uncovered. In parallel, we have identified, by RT-qPCR, a key set of genes that are dysregulated in cerebellum, very early on in the pathology. We are currently investigating these pathways to uncover the link with COQ8A function. Altogether, our experiments will shed light on the early molecular events that lead to ARCA2 and may help draw a link between COQ8A function, CoQ pools and the symptoms observed in patients
Abu-Helo, Alaa. "Implication de GASP-1 dans la modulation de l’activité des agonistes du récepteur bêta-2 adrénergique dans la fonction respiratoire." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ024/document.
Full textGASP1 have been shown to modulate the postendocytic sorting of different GPCRs.In order to better understand the role of GASP1 in regulating the activity and intracellular traffic king of GPCRs, we have focused our project on the functional consequences of the interaction between GASP1 and beta2-adrenergic receptor (B2AR). B2AR agonists are potent bronchodilators used in the treatment of asthma. With Dr. N. Frossard, we have shown that achronic treatment with a B2AR agonist induces the development of bronchial hyperresponsiveness in wild-type but not in KO GASP1 mice. Furthermore, we have shown that this phenotype is not related to a difference of B2AR receptor degradation between wild type and KO animals but correlates with an increase in collagen levels in the lungs of wild type mice that is not observed in GASP1KO animals. Altogether, our data suggest thatGASP1 is critically involved in these adaptations, which could be related to a GASP1-dependent modification of lung tissues
Simoni, Léa. "Etude par génomique fonctionnelle des conséquences de la surexpression de TRIB1 et FKBP11 dans les lymphocytes B au cours du lupus érythémateux systémique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAJ063/document.
Full textSystemic Lupus Erythematosous (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by an inflammation of various tissues and a high production of autoantibodies (autoAb) (for example: anti-double-stranded(ds)DNA) by B cells, central actors in the physiopathology of lupus. The etiology of SLE includes both genetics and environmental factors. Looking for B cell genetic abnormalities during lupus, our B cell microarray analysis in quiescent SLE patients pointed to the overexpression of TRIB1 and FKBP11 compared to B cells from healthy controls.In order to study the consequences of these expression deregulations on B cell function and autoimmunity development, we generated a B-cell specific Trib1-KI mouse line, overexpressing Trib1 in B cells, starting from a very immature stage (pro-pre B) and a transgenic mouse overexpressing Fkbp11 ubiquitously. Trib1 overexpression induces a normal B cell homeostasis but a decrease in the production of some immunoglobulins (Ig): 1) IgG1 subclass in the serum, at a basal level and after an in vitro stimulation of splenic B cells; 2) Anti-OVA (Ovalbumine) IgM after immunization in vivo with OVA; 3) Anti-dsDNA IgM after immunization with LPS. This abnormal production of Ig seems to be linked to a defect in Ig secretion process. In addition, we developed a murine B cell line overexpressing Trib1 that let us to confirm the Ig production deficiency and to identify potential Trib1’s partners in B cells. In contrast, Fkbp11 overexpression, leads to some features of lupus disease in 8-month-aged-mice, including a tolerance breakdown (characterized by autoantibody production) and the initiation of plasma cell differentiation. In conclusion, Trib1 could exert an immunosuppressive role and its overexpression in SLE could constitute a new mechanism of B cell regulation during remission phases, whereas Fkbp11 seems rather to contribute to lupus physiopathology. Thus, the description of these two biological pathways could bring new insights into the comprehension of lupus disease and could also potentially lead to the development of new therapeutic applications
Wu, Tao. "Evaluation préclinique de thérapies innovantes pour le carcinome hépatocellulaire et l'infection chronique par le virus de l'hépatite C." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ123/document.
Full textThe hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major problem of public health, due to its high prevalence and to the severity of its complications, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aims of the thesis project are (i) to set up and characterize orthotopic HCC models in the small animal (orthotopic transplantation in immunodeficient mice of the human HCC cell line Huh-7, expressing the luciferase reporter gene) and in the large animal (autologous transplantation of porcine hepatocytes previously ex vivo-transformed by lentiviral-meidated transfer of a combination of six oncogenes) and (ii) to provide the proof-of-concept of an innovative adoptive allogeneic immunotherapy approach for the treatment of HCC and prevention of liver graft reinfection by HCV, through the administration of allogeneic suicide gene-modified lymphocytes (GML). Such a suicide gene allows for the control of GML, leading to their conditional elimination in case of undesirable side effects. Thus, we have demonstrated that, at high dose, these GML present an in vitro cytotoxic activity toward HCC cell lines and an in vivo antitumoral effect against orthotopic Huh-7 tumors. At low level, the GML have an antiviral activity against HCV, without toxicity against target cells. These results open the perspective for an original approach of immunotherapy for the treatment of HCC in association with current treatments and for the prevention of liver graft reinfection by HCV at time of liver transplantation
Kremer, Laurent. "Caractérisation d'un nouveau modèle animal de polyradiculonévrite chronique et développement de stratégies thérapeutiques." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAJ058/document.
Full textChronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is an autoimmune pathology of the peripheral nervous system whose pathophysiology is currently poorly understood, for which there are few therapeutic options and no reliable animal model. The first aim of this work was to validate and characterize an animal model of CIDP by immunization of rat Lewis with the palmitoylated peptide P0(180-199). The animals developed a chronic or relapsing pathology that could be characterized clinically, histologically, electrophysiologically and immunologically. The results are in favor of a reliable and reproducible model that mimics the human CIDP. The second aim of this work was to test, on our model, the fingolimod, sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator, as potential treatment of the pathology. In our model, fingolimod has reduced the severity and the chronicity of the disease, improved electrophysiological parameters, reduced infiltration by inflammatory cells and recue immunological abnormalities
Jaeger, Catherine. "Organisation tissulaire de l'horloge circadienne dans la rétine de rongeur." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ066/document.
Full textThe retina exhibits physiological rhythms that are under the control of a circadian clock whose location and organization are poorly understood in mammals. We studied the retina clock in rat and mouse through in vitro bioluminescence monitoring of the rhythmic expression of molecular elements of the clockwork: the Period1 gene and the PERIOD2 protein respectively. We showed that each of the three retinal layers harbors a functional circadian oscillator, which period is strikingly longer than in the whole retina and depends on asymmetric coupling between layers. We pharmacologically investigated the nature of the coupling signals and showed that glutamate, GABA, glycine and dopamine are dispensable. We nevertheless highlighted that casein kinases 1δ and 1ε strongly modulate the period of the retina clock. Finally, we observed that the retina clock also entails cell-to-cell coupling that involves at least partially gap-junctions
Semenchenko, Kostyantyn. "Development of tumour therapies : from target validation of TTLL12 to tests of a small molecule XRP44X in pre-clinical models of cancer." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ107.
Full textTubulin posttranslational modifications are an attractive target for cancer therapy. TTLL12 isinvolved in tubulin detyrosination, histone H4K20 trimethylation and prostate cancer. The thesis addresses the effects of TTLL12 overexpression on these tubulin and histone modifications at different stages of the cell cycle and on sensitivity to microtubule-targeting agents. The results show that TTLL12 over expression affects tubulin detyrosination and H4K20 trimethylation independently of cell cycle phase and reduces cell sensitivity totaxanes.XRP44X is a novel inhibitor of Ras-ERK1/2-Elk3 signalling and tubulin-binding agent. Itsantitumorigenic properties had been shown in vitro and in initial in vivo studies. The thesis project was a continuation of pre-clinical studies on XRP44X in mouse prostate cancer models. The results show that XRP44X is an effective inhibitor of tumorigenesis and metastasis in prostate cancer, which may be due to its effect on Elk3
Faure, Jean-Baptiste. "Effets métaboliques et comportementaux à long terme de l'administration précoce de carisbamate dans le modèle d'épilepsie "lithium-pilocarpine" chez le rat." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ004/document.
Full textTemporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a severe neurological disease with a high refractory rate, which requires new treatments. The lithium-pilocarpine model allows reproducing human TLE features and development. Carisbamate administration at epileptogenesis onset prevents TLE incidence in a rats’ subpopulation, which is substituted by absence-like epilepsy (ALE). Behavioral and cognitive assessment performed during chronic period allowed differentiating the two subpopulations: ALE group did not develop the severe cognitive impairment shown in the lithium-pilocarpine model. 13C spectroscopy did not show major metabolism difference between the two treated subpopulations, whatever they develop TLE or ALE. This work demonstrates that early carisbamate administration can induce a shift from TLE in a less severe epilepsy form, and can strikingly improve TLE-related cognitive comorbidities
Hamm, Haouari Valentine. "Implication des métabolites de l'APP dans les troubles mnésiques précoces chez la souris TgCRND8, un modèle de la maladie d'Alzheimer." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAJ116/document.
Full textAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative pathology commonly characterized by a progressive memory loss. To these days, AD’s etiology has remained unclear which complicates the development of therapeutic strategies enabling to eradicate the pathology. The accumulation of therapeutic failures could partly be explained by the fact that the amyloid hypothesis, which highlights the leading involvement of the amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) in the physiopathology of AD, could be incomplete. Using a transgenic mouse model of AD, the TgCRND8 mice strain, I expanded the amyloid hypothesis, suggesting the involvement of the beta carboxy-terminal fragment (β-CTF), in addition to Aβ. These two amyloidogenic metabolites could be responsible for the alteration of different forms of memory. The dosage of these metabolites, after mice chronic treatment with either a β- or a γ-secretase inhibitor, highlighted the fact that β-CTF could be responsible for the deterioration of the memory involved in the detection of the replacement of an object. As for Aβ, it could disrupt the memory allowing the detection of the displacement of an object. This work suggests that it would be judicious to develop therapeutic strategies reducing brain levels of both amyloid fragments, β-CTF and Aβ