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1

Wely, Madelon van. "Treatment regimens in ovulation induction and ovarian hyperstimulation." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2004. http://dare.uva.nl/document/77513.

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2

Moore, Kelly Renee. "Estrus induction and maintenance of cycles in gilts with PG-600 and boar exposure." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4937.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on October 31, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
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3

LONGELIN, CHRISTINE. "Induction de l'ovulation par administration pulsatile de gnrh : six ans d'experience lilloise." Lille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL2M292.

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4

WINTZ, SOPHIE. "L'induction de l'ovulation par la gonadoliberine et ses analogues." Strasbourg 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR10727.

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5

Ghobadi, Cyrus. "Individualizing clomiphene citrate for induction of ovulation : searching for covariates." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.500091.

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Clomiphene citrate (CC) has been the first line of treatment for induction of ovulation in patients with anovulatory infertility since 1962. It is administered as a mixture of two geometric isomers, Enclomiphene (En) and Zu-clomiphene (Zu) citrate in the ratio 62%:38%. The En isomer is perceived to be more active. A prediction model of response to CC was developed utilizing physical and biochemical characteristics of patients but this model has not been vahdated in a set of patients independent of those used to develop the model. It examines an existent nomogram for the identification of patient resistant to CC therapy and indicates that the nomogram is not sufficiently sensitive and specific to be useful in clinical practice. It shows that obesity could change the pharmacokinetics of Zu but not En. It provides early indications for a hypothesis that therapeutic outcome may be linked to interindividual variation in the exposure to the metabolite formed by CYP2D6. This may explain the lack of any direct relationship between the concentrations of the parent compound and response.
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6

Chan, Po-heung, and 陳寶香. "Use of letrozole versus clomiphene citrate for superovulation in patients undergoing intrauterine insemination : a systematic review." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206904.

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Background: Intrauterine Insemination (IUI)is one of the common first-line assisted reproductive technologies (ART) for couples suffering infertility. Controlled ovarian stimulation (COH) with clomiphene citrate (CC) or aromatase inhibitor (like Letrozole) is often used in adjunct to IUI to increase the pregnancy outcome. Both CC and letrozole can be given alone as a single ovulation induction agent or they can be combined with injectable gonadotropin for purpose of superovulation. Study objectives: To systematically review the efficacy and adverse outcomes of letrozole and CC for supervulation in infertility patients undergoing IUI. Method: Systematic review of pertinent randomised controlled trials (RCT) using the bibliographic databases EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane, Medline (OVID), Academic Search Premier and CINAHL. References of selected articles identified were hand-searched for additional relevant citations. RCTs that have compared the pharmacological performance of CC and letrozole as a single agent or combination with equal dose of gonadotropins were included. Results: Ten published randomized controlled trials were included in this review. The mean age, infertility diagnosis and duration of infertility of the recruited participants were comparable. Pregnancy rate was found to be comparable in clomiphene citrate (CC) group and letrozole (L) group. Higher peak estrogen concentration and greater number of dominant follicles were reported in CC group. Endometrial thickness was found significantly greater in L group. Adverse outcomes of rate of miscarriage, multiple pregnancies, ectopic pregnancies, OHSS and fetal anomalies were not significantly different between the two intervention groups. Conclusion: Letrozole and CC, considered equally patient-friendly agent due to oral route administration. Both agents achieved similar pregnancy rates without any increased risk of adverse events in either group. Letrozole can be used as alternative first-line OI agent to CC in reproductive treatments. Drug selection for patients should be done according to the cost effectiveness, duration of therapy, characteristics and compliance of patients.
published_or_final_version
Public Health
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Master of Public Health
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7

PRADAT, ERIC. "Fentes faciales et grossesses induites : registres de malformations, outil de recherche epidemiologique." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO1M346.

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8

DELETTRE, PATRICE. "Les grossesses et accouchements plurigemellaires : a propos de 14 cas a la maternite du c.h.u. de reims (service du professeur p. wahl)." Reims, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988REIMM007.

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9

DELAOUSTRE, BERTRAND, and TREFFEL LAURENCE DELAOUSTRE. "Complications des inductions de l'ovulation, hors fiv : a propos de 5 cas, revue de la litterature." Lille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL2M338.

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10

ALBERSAMMER, JOEL. "Nanisme hypophysaire et grossesse : induction de l'ovulation et grossesse chez une femme presentant une insuffisance somatotrope et gonadotrope : a propos d'une observation." Saint-Etienne, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STET6068.

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11

DEVAUX, HERVE. "Les inducteurs d'ovulation : le citrate de clomifene ; pharmacocinetique des isomeres cis et trans." Strasbourg 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993STR15090.

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12

Perry, George A. "Induction of cycling status and effect of follicle size on fertility in postpartum beef cows /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3091956.

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13

Dean, Matthew. "Characteristics of subordinate follicles following removal of the dominant follicle induction of selection /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/10696.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2009.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 56 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 45-56).
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14

MAKHMAKHI, SALIMA. "Thromboses veineuses profondes compliquant les grossesses induites : a propos de 7 observations." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO1M414.

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15

GOULON, WANNER VERONIQUE. "Profil hormonal et induction d'ovulation lors des fecondations in vitro : etude prospective realisee sur 172 stimulations, a l'hopital la grave." Toulouse 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU31218.

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16

Ingwerson, Jennifer Ann. "Induction of ovulation and LH response in cyclic mares treated with gonadorelin diacetate tetrahydrate." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2007.

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17

Jackson, Leslie M. "Pheromonal induction of estrus and ovulation in the gray short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica) /." The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488204276533023.

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18

LOMBART, VALERIE. "Bilan et therapeutiques actuelles en fecondation in vitro." Lille 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL2P041.

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19

BLANCHARD, CHAMARD BENEDICTE. "Le syndrome de de morsier - kallmann : possibilite de stimulation de l'ovulation par la fsh pure : a propos d'un cas." Nantes, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NANT084M.

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20

McFaul, Peter Bertram. "Ovulation induction in patients with clomiphene resistant polycystic ovary syndrome using pure follicle stimulating hormone." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335940.

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21

Bauer, Rosemary Aileen. "Priming with oral progestin before ovulation induction facilitates ovarian function in the cat (Felis catus)." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/7667.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2007.
Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Animal and Avian Sciences. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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22

GILLIOT, CHARLES. "Induction de l'ovulation par h. M. G. -h. C. G. : etude retrospective a partir de 42 cas." Angers, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ANGE1006.

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23

Cavagna, Felipe Andreotta. "Estimulação ovariana controlada para criopreservação de oócitos em pacientes com câncer de mama." Botucatu, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151029.

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Orientador: Anaglória Pontes
Resumo: O câncer de mama é uma doença maligna relativamente comum em mulheres adultas jovens, justificando a preocupação com a potencial toxicidade gonadal relacionada à quimioterapia. É importante considerar o encaminhamento precoce de pacientes jovens com câncer de mama que tenham desejos reprodutivos para especialistas, a fim de discutir sobre a preservação da fertilidade. A criopreservação de embriões ou de oócitos estão entre os principais métodos à disposição, e para conseguir isso, estimulação ovariana controlada (EOC) é o primeiro passo a ser considerado. O presente estudo tem como objetivo apresentar protocolo de estimulação ovariana em para preservação da fertilidade em pacientes com câncer de mama. De novembro de 2014 a dezembro de 2016, 109 pacientes com câncer de mama com menos de 40 anos de idade foram selecionadas para preservar seu potencial reprodutivo. Elas foram divididas de acordo com a fase do ciclo menstrual em que o estímulo ovariano foi iniciado: fase folicular inicial, fase folicular tardia e fase lútea. Para reduzir o tempo necessário da obtenção dos oócitos, este estudo utilizou o princípio do início aleatório, no qual a EOC pode ser iniciada durante qualquer período do ciclo menstrual sem consequências negativas. O letrozol foi utilizado durante toda a estimulação para diminuir as concentrações de estradiol, independentemente da imunohistoquímica tumoral. Na presença de tumores positivos ao estradiol, e indicação de quimioterapia neoadjuvante, o tamoxi... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Breast cancer is a relatively common malignancy in young adult women, justifying the concern about the potential gonadal toxicity related to chemotherapy. It is important to consider early referral of young breast cancer patients with reproductive desires to fertility specialists, in order to discuss the fertility preservation. Embryos or oocytes cryopreservation are among the main methods available, and to achieve that, controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) is the first step to be considered. From November 2014 to December 2016, 109 breast cancers patients under 40 years were enrolled to preserve their reproductive potential. They were divided according to the menstrual cycle status in: initial follicular phase, late follicular phase and luteal phase. In order to reduce the time necessary to obtain the oocytes, this study used the principle of random start, in which the COS can be initiated during any period of the menstrual cycle without negative consequences. Letrozole was used during all stimulation to reduce estradiol concentrations, regardless of tumor immunohistochemistry. In the presence of estradiol positive tumors, and indication of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, tamoxifen was administerd as an additional protective measure. A GnRH agonist was used to trigger ovulation, in order to mitigate the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. The following parameters were analyzed: age, day of COS start, number of days required to COS, total FSH dosage, estradiol levels at fi... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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24

Fourie, Christle. "Effects of clomiphene citrate on the expression of kisspeptin dynorphin A and neurokinin B in female Sprague-Dawley rats." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/61684.

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Clomiphene citrate (CC) is the leading treatment for women with anovulatory infertility. The precise mechanism of action of the drug on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis has yet to be determined. Neurons expressing kisspeptin, neurokinin B (NKB) and dynorphin A (Dyn), collectively called KNDy neurons, in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus have been shown to play an integral role in the estradiol (E2) feedback pathways of the reproductive system in mammals. KNDy neurons are found in the ARC and the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) in humans but have been predominantly reported to not express NKB and Dyn in rodents. The axons of these neurons project to the medial eminence (ME) in the region where the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) terminals and fibres are located. It was hypothesised that CC upregulates the gene expression of kisspeptin and neurokinin B while down-regulating the gene expression of dynorphin A which results in a leutenizing hormone surge and an increase in oestradiol which causes ovulation. This was a randomized experiment which included 18 female Sprague-Dawley rats in which the aim was to analyse the expression of kisspeptin, NKB and Dyn in the ARC and the AVPV as well as blood plasma levels of oestradiol and leutinizing hormone (LH) in female rats after CC administration. Six of the rats constituted the control group that received a vehicle solution. The second group of 6 rats received the intervention in the form of CC and the third group of six rats received CC as well as p234-penetratin, a kisspeptin antagonist (KpA). The mRNA expression of the KNDy genes were analysed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and the plasma levels of E2 and LH were analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assays (ELISA). ELISA results show that the E2 concentration in the group that received CC plus KpA was found to be marginally lower than that of the control group but there was no significant difference between the E2 concentrations of the control group and the group that received only CC. The LH concentration in the group that received CC plus KpA was significantly higher than both other groups but again, there was no significant difference between the LH concentration control group and the group that only received CC. The qPCR showed that in the AVPV, the kisspeptin expression of the CC group and the CC plus KpA groups are marginally higher than that of the control group. Conversely, the Dyn expression of the CC group and the CC plus KpA groups are marginally lower than that of the control group in the AVPV. There were no significant differences in NKB expression across the three groups. In the ARC, there were no significant differences in kisspeptin or Dyn expression across the groups. The NKB expression of the CC group was marginally lower than that of the control and there was no significant difference between the CC plus KpA group and the control group. In summary, CC appears to have a marginal effect on the kisspeptin and Dyn mRNA via the positive feedback systems in the rat AVPV as well as a significant decrease of NKB mRNA via the negative feedback systems in the ARC. To increase the validity of similar future studies, higher sample sizes, different drug administration doses, possibly more precise surgical techniques and more accurate age determination methods or ovariectomised rats could be used.
Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2016.
Physiology
MSc
Unrestricted
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25

Cote, Fabienne. "Induction of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2 in the follicles of equine chorionic gonadotropinhuman chorionic gonadotropin treated prepubertal gilts." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33741.

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Prostaglandin G/H synthase-2 (PGHS-2) is a key rate limiting enzyme in the prostaglandin (PG) biosynthetic pathway, and PG synthesis is required for ovulation in pigs. The objective of this study was to characterize the expression and regulation of PGHS-2 in porcine follicles prior to ovulation. The combination of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG; 750 IU) followed by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG; 500 IU) 72 h later was used to induce ovulation in prepubertal gilts. Previous studies have shown that ovulation is generally induced between 40 and 44 h post-hCG in this model. Ovariectomies were performed at 0, 24, 30, 34 and 38 h post-hCG (n = 4 or 5 animals per time-point), and all follicles larger than 4 mm in diameter were isolated. The regulation of PGHS-1 and PGHS-2 proteins was studied by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analyses, whereas the regulation of PGHS-2 mRNA was studied by Northern blot. PG production was assessed by radioimmunoassay (RIA). (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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26

Chasles, Manon. "Induction d'une maturation sexuelle précoce chez la chevrette par une exposition prépubertaire au mâle." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR4044/document.

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Chez les rongeurs, les facteurs sociaux sont connus pour pouvoir moduler la transition pubertaire. Ainsi une jeune souris femelle mise en contact avec un mâle adulte présentera une ouverture vaginale plus précoce qu’une femelle isolée du mâle. L’objectif de ma thèse a été de caractériser les conséquences d’une exposition précoce au mâle dans l’espèce caprine. Les caprins sont une espèce dont la reproduction est saisonnée et permettant, de par sa taille, une étude plus fine des sécrétions endocrines que les rongeurs. Nos résultats ont permis de mettre en évidence que la présence de boucs sexuellement actifs induit une puberté précoce chez les chevrettes, l’ovulation pouvant être induite dès l’âge de 3 mois et demi. Les femelles présentent suite à cette première ovulation une cyclicité régulière ainsi qu’une maturation précoce du tractus génital. Le niveau d’activité sexuelle du bouc est un facteur crucial à l’induction d’une puberté précoce chez la chèvre puisque la présence de mâles castrés n’a aucun effet et que les femelles sont toutes pubères dans le mois suivant l’entrée en saison sexuelle des mâles. Ce travail démontre, dans l’espèce caprine, un rôle crucial de l’environnement social dans la régulation de la maturation sexuelle. Plus particulièrement, cela met en évidence que la présence de boucs peut réactiver efficacement et de manière très précoce l’axe gonadotrope de jeunes chèvres immatures
In rodents, social factors are known to modulate the pubertal transition. Hence, young female mice exposed to adult male exhibit an earlier vaginal opening than young females isolated from male. The aim of my thesis was to characterize the consequences of a precocious exposure to male in another specie, goats. Goats are seasonal breeders and due to their size the fine study of endocrine secretions is easier than in rodents. Our results highlighted that an early exposure to sexually active bucks induces a precocious puberty in young female goats. The first ovulation can be induced as early as 3.5 months old, following this induced first ovulation, goats remain cycling regularly. Females precociously exposed to bucks also exhibit an acceleration of the genital tract maturation. The level of sexual activity of the male is a crucial criteria to induce a precocious puberty in goats as exposure to castrated bucks had no effect on the age at puberty. Moreover, all females exposed to intact bucks ovulated for the first time within a month after buck started to exhibit sexual behaviors. This work revealed, in goats, a crucial role of the social environment on the regulation of sexual maturation. More precisely, it highlights that exposure to bucks is highly efficient to reactivate precociously the gonadotrope axis of youg immature goats
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27

Cavagna, Felipe Andreotta [UNESP]. "Estimulação ovariana controlada para criopreservação de oócitos em pacientes com câncer de mama." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151029.

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O câncer de mama é uma doença maligna relativamente comum em mulheres adultas jovens, justificando a preocupação com a potencial toxicidade gonadal relacionada à quimioterapia. É importante considerar o encaminhamento precoce de pacientes jovens com câncer de mama que tenham desejos reprodutivos para especialistas, a fim de discutir sobre a preservação da fertilidade. A criopreservação de embriões ou de oócitos estão entre os principais métodos à disposição, e para conseguir isso, estimulação ovariana controlada (EOC) é o primeiro passo a ser considerado. O presente estudo tem como objetivo apresentar protocolo de estimulação ovariana em para preservação da fertilidade em pacientes com câncer de mama. De novembro de 2014 a dezembro de 2016, 109 pacientes com câncer de mama com menos de 40 anos de idade foram selecionadas para preservar seu potencial reprodutivo. Elas foram divididas de acordo com a fase do ciclo menstrual em que o estímulo ovariano foi iniciado: fase folicular inicial, fase folicular tardia e fase lútea. Para reduzir o tempo necessário da obtenção dos oócitos, este estudo utilizou o princípio do início aleatório, no qual a EOC pode ser iniciada durante qualquer período do ciclo menstrual sem consequências negativas. O letrozol foi utilizado durante toda a estimulação para diminuir as concentrações de estradiol, independentemente da imunohistoquímica tumoral. Na presença de tumores positivos ao estradiol, e indicação de quimioterapia neoadjuvante, o tamoxifeno foi utilizado como uma medida de proteção adicional. Um agonista do GnRH foi utilizado para desencadear a maturação folicular final, diminuindo o risco de síndrome de hiperestimulação ovariana. Foram analisados os seguintes parâmetros: idade das pacientes, dia de início da EOC, número de dias de EOC, dose total de FSH, níveis de estradiol no dia de maturação folicular final, número de oócitos coletados e número de oócitos vitrificados. A idade média dos pacientes foi de 31,27 ± 4,22 anos. A duração média da EOC foi de 10,0 ± 1,39 dias. O número médio de oócitos coletados foi de 11,62 ± 7,96 e o número médio de oócitos vitrificados foi de 9,60 ± 6,87. A concentração média de estradiol no dia do desencadeamento da ovulação foi de 706,30 ± 450,48 pg / mL, e a dose média de FSH administrada foi 2610,00 ± 716,51 UI. Ao comparar os resultados de acordo com a fase do ciclo no qual a EOC foi iniciada, não houve diferenças significativas no número de oócitos colhidos e vitrificados, duração da estimulação ovariana e dos níveis de estradiol no dia do desencadeamento da ovulação. Observou-se uma diminuição estatisticamente significativa da dose total de FSH administrada nos grupos que iniciaram a EOC na fase folicular tardia e na fase lútea, quando comparada com a fase folicular inicial. Esses resultados sugerem que a criopreservação de oócitos ou embriões com um protocolo específico para pacientes com câncer de mama, é eficaz e pode ser oferecida a mulheres jovens submetidas a tratamento citotóxico que têm preocupações relacionadas ao seu futuro reprodutivo.
Breast cancer is a relatively common malignancy in young adult women, justifying the concern about the potential gonadal toxicity related to chemotherapy. It is important to consider early referral of young breast cancer patients with reproductive desires to fertility specialists, in order to discuss the fertility preservation. Embryos or oocytes cryopreservation are among the main methods available, and to achieve that, controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) is the first step to be considered. From November 2014 to December 2016, 109 breast cancers patients under 40 years were enrolled to preserve their reproductive potential. They were divided according to the menstrual cycle status in: initial follicular phase, late follicular phase and luteal phase. In order to reduce the time necessary to obtain the oocytes, this study used the principle of random start, in which the COS can be initiated during any period of the menstrual cycle without negative consequences. Letrozole was used during all stimulation to reduce estradiol concentrations, regardless of tumor immunohistochemistry. In the presence of estradiol positive tumors, and indication of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, tamoxifen was administerd as an additional protective measure. A GnRH agonist was used to trigger ovulation, in order to mitigate the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. The following parameters were analyzed: age, day of COS start, number of days required to COS, total FSH dosage, estradiol levels at final follicular maturation day, number of collected oocytes and number of vitrified oocytes. The mean age of patients was 31.27±4.22 years. The average duration of COS was 10.0±1.39 days. The mean number of collected oocytes was 11.62±7.96 and the mean number of vitrified oocytes was 9.60±6.87. The mean estradiol concentration on the day of the trigger was 706.30±450.48 pg/mL, and the mean dose of FSH administered was 2610.00±716.51 IU. When comparing the outcomes according to the phase of the cycle in which COS was commenced, there were no significant differences in the number of oocytes collected and vitrified, ovarian stimulation length and estradiol levels on the day of the trigger. It was observed a statistically decrease of the total FSH dose administered in the groups starting COS in the late follicular phase and in the luteal phase, when compared to the initial follicular phase These results suggest that oocyte or embryos cryopreservation with a specific protocol for breast cancer patients, is effective, safe, and may be offered to young women undergoing cytotoxic treatment who have concerns related to their reproductive future.
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28

Ulguim, Rafael da Rosa. "Inseminação artificial em tempo fixo em leitoas e porcas desmamadas com o uso de hormonio luteinizante suíno através de diferentes vias de aplicação." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/108163.

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A redução do número de doses inseminantes por fêmea coberta utilizando protocolos de uma única inseminação em tempo fixo (IATF) permitem reduzir o número de células espermáticas por fêmea coberta e otimizar os programas de inseminação artificial (IA). Considerando a grande variabilidade no intervalo entre o início do estro e a ovulação, os protocolos de IATF exigem hormonios para a sincronização da ovulação. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a utilização de diferentes dosagens de hormônio luteinizante suíno (pLH) aplicado no início do estro em leitoas e porcas, através de diferentes vias de aplicação, para sincronização da ovulação e definição de um protocolo de IATF. O primeiro estudo avaliou o efeito de diferentes dosagens de pLH aplicado em leitoas no início do estro por via intramuscular (i.m.), sobre o intervalo início estro e a ovulação. Desta forma foram realizados três tratamentos: controle - sem aplicação de pLH no início do estro; pLH2,5 - uso de 2,5 mg de pLH no início do estro via i.m.; pLH5 - uso de 5 mg de pLH no início do estro via i.m. Não foram observadas diferenças no intervalo início do estro e a ovulação (IOEO) entre os diferentes tratamentos (P>0,05). De forma semelhante a distribuição de frequência do IOEO não diferiu entre os tratamentos (P>0,05). Em um segundo estudo, foi avaliado uma rota alternativa de aplicação de pLH e a performance reprodutiva de leitoas submetidas a uma única IATF. Assim, os seguintes tratamentos foram realizados: Controle - sem aplicação de hormônio no inicio do estro e realização de protocolos de múltiplas IAs; VS2.5FTAI - uso de 2,5 mg de pLH aplicado no início do estro via submucosa vulvar (v.s.) e realização de uma única IATF 16 h após; IM5FTAI - uso de 5 mg de pLH aplicado no inicio do estro via i.m. e realização de uma única IATF 16 h após. Em média foram observadas diferenças no IOEO entre os tratamentos (P<0,05) e maior frequência de leitoas ovuladas até 24 h após o inicio do estro no grupo VS2.5FTAI em relação ao grupo controle (P<0,05). A taxa de parto ajustada (AFR) não diferiu entre tratamentos (P>0,05), porém o total de leitões nascidos (TPB) foi menor no grupo VS2.5FTAI em relação ao grupo controle (P<0,05). Com objetivo de ajustar o protocolo de IATF em leitoas para uma melhor aplicabilidade prática na rotina das granjas e avaliar o uso do pLH via v.s. em porcas desmamadas, o terceiro estudo foi conduzido através de dois experimentos. Nas leitoas foram realizados dois tratamentos: controle-G - sem uso de pLH no início do estro e realização de múltiplas inseminações ao longo do estro; FTAI-G - aplicação de 2,5 mg de pLH via v.s. no início do estro e realização de uma única IATF 12 h após. O IOEO foi menor nas leitoas do grupo FTAI-G comparado ao controle-G (P<0,05), no entanto a distribuição de frequência do IOEO não foi diferente entre os tratamentos (P>0,05). A AFR foi menor para o grupo FTAI-G quando comprado ao controle-G (P<0,05). Diferenças no TPB não foram observadas entre tratamentos (P>0,05). Nas porcas desmamadas, foram realizados três tratamentos: Controle-S - sem aplicação de pLH no início do estro e realização de múltiplas inseminações; FTAI-NH - sem aplicação de pLH no início do estro e realização de uma única inseminação 24 h após; FTAI-pLH - uso de 2,5 mg de pLH no início do estro via v.s. e realização de uma única inseminação 24 h após. Os resultados deste estudo não asseguraram diferença quanto a AFR e TPB entre os distintos tratamentos (P>0,05).
The reduction in the number of semen doses used per sow served through of a single fixed-time insemination (FTAI) allows sperm cell reduction per sow served, optimising the artificial insemination (AI) programs. Considering the large variability in the interval between oestrus onset and ovulation the ovulation time, the FTAI protocols require hormones to synchronise ovulation. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the use of different dosages of porcine luteinising hormone (pLH) given at oestrous onset in gilts and sows through different routes of application to synchronise the ovulation and to define a protocol of FTAI. The first study evaluated the effect of different dosages of pLH applied at oestrous onset by intramuscular route (i.m.) in gilts on interval between oestrus onset to ovulation. In this way three treatments were performed: control - without pLH application at oestrous onset; pLH2.5 - use of 2.5 mg of pLH given at oestrous onset by i.m. route; pLH5 - use of 5 mg of pLH given at oestrus onset by i.m. route. Differences in the interval onset of oestrus to ovulation (IOEO) among treatments (P>0.05) were not observed. Similarly the frequency distribution of IOEO did not differ among treatments (P>0.05). In a second study, was evaluated an alternative route of pLH application and the reproductive performance of gilts submitted to a single FTAI. Thus, the following treatments were performed: control – without pLH application at oestrous onset and use of multiple AI; VS2.5FTAI – use of 2.5 mg of pLH injected at oestrus onset by vulvar submucosal route (v.s) and use of a single FTAI 16 h later; IM5FTAI – use of 5 mg of pLH injected at oestrous onset by i.m. and use of a single FTAI 16 h later. On average differences in the IOEO among treatments (P<0.05) were observed and more VS2.5FTAI gilts ovulated up to 24 h after oestrous onset in relation to control (P<0.05). Adjusted farrowing rate (AFR) did not differ among treatments (P>0.05), however the total piglets born (TPB) was lower in the group VS2.5FTAI compared to control (P<0.05). In order to adjust the FTAI protocol in gilts for a practical use in the routine of the farm and to evaluate the use of pLH by v.s. route in weaned sows, the third study was conducted through two experiments. In gilts two treatments were performed: control-G - without pLH injection at oestrous onset and use of multiple AI during the oestrous; FTAI-G – 2.5 mg pLH applied by v.s. route at oestrous onset and use of a single FTAI 12 h later. The IOEO was shorter in the FTAI-G gilts compared to control-G (P<0.05), but the frequency distribution of IOEO did not differ between treatment (P>0.05). The AFR was lower to FTAI-G group compared to control-G (P<0.05). Differences on TPB between treatments were not observed (P>0.05). In the weaned sows three treatments were performed: control-S - without pLH application at oestrous onset and use of multiple inseminations; FTAI-NH - no hormone application and a single FTAI 24h after the onset of oestrus detection; FTAI-pLH - use of 2.5 mg pLH at oestrous onset by v.s. route and use of a single FTAI 24 h later. The results of this study did not insure difference on the AFR and TPB among treatments (P>0.05).
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29

Siebert, T. I. "A study of different clinical and biochemical parameters in polycystic ovary syndrome affecting ovulation induction outcome and fertility potential." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4076.

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Thesis (DMed (Obstetrics and Gynaecology))--Stellenbosch University, 2008.
Chapter 1 presents a literature study on the diagnostic debate of PCOS. The literature study includes a discussion of the recent Rotterdam consensus statement regarding the diagnosis of PCOS. This is followed by a discussion on the essential work-up of the patient presenting with PCOS. Finally, chapter 1 presents a discussion on the complexity of the different variations in women presenting with PCOS. Chapter 2 is a literature review on ovulation induction methods in patients who present with PCOS. This literature study puts special emphasis on the different available methods used for ovulation induction in women with PCOS and the profounding effect weight loss will have in managing these patients. This chapter also addresses the use of newer agents, like aromatase inhibitors (Letrozole), and the current role of each of these agents in ovulation induction protocols. Chapter 3 is a literature overview on the effect of Metformin in Clomiphene-resistant PCOS women. The inclusion criteria of this review was all prospective randomized trials where Metformin was added for ovulation in the Clomiphene-resistant PCOS patient. The data is presented as a metaanalysis. Chapter 4 is a prospective randomise control trial to evaluate the benefit of metformin if added to Clomiphene in a primary ovulation induction protocol in comparison to Clomiphene alone. This chapter also evaluates all factors influencing ovulation outcome. Finally in the discussion section all the recent studies published addressing this topic were reviewed. Chapter 5 is a literature review to evaluate the classification systems for semen parameters and the in vivo fertility potential. This data is also used to establish fertility/subfertility thresholds for semen parameters. This chapter also presents the results of a prospective and retrospective study of the semen analysis of the partners of women with PCOS. We believe that this population presents the best reference group to study the semen profile of the general male population. Chapter 6 is a summary of the results of these studies and serves as an evidence based approach for ovulation induction in women with PCOS.
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30

Makkar, Guneet. "Role of cytokines in reduced implantation following excessive ovarian stimulation." Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36368313.

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31

Arroja, Maria Raquel Lameira Serralha de Matos. "Estudo comparativo da eficácia da administração da hormona gonadotrofina coriónica humana (hCG) e da triptorrelina como agentes indutores da ovulação em éguas em Portugal." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/31367.

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A indução da ovulação é um procedimento útil no controlo reprodutivo da égua e em programas de inseminação artificial. Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar a eficácia de dois protocolos de indução da ovulação (administração intramuscular ou subcutânea de 0,1 mg de acetato de triptorrelina e administração intravenosa de 1500 UI de hCG) e determinar a sua influência na fertilidade após a inseminação artificial com sémen congelado. A taxa de resposta ovulatória e o momento da ovulação após o tratamento não variaram significativamente entre éguas tratadas com diferentes protocolos (p>0,05). No entanto, em éguas da raça puro sangue lusitano foi encontrada uma percentagem de ovulações significativamente menor (p<0,05). A fertilidade após a inseminação artificial também não variou significativamente em função do protocolo de indução utilizado (p>0,05). Assim, os dois protocolos de indução em estudo possuíram eficácia equivalente e nenhum deles influenciou a fertilidade após a inseminação artificial com sémen congelado; ABSTRACT: Comparative study of the effectiveness of the administration of human chorionic gonadotropin hormone (hCG) and triptorelin as ovulation inducing agents in mares in Portugal Ovulation induction is a useful method in the reproductive control of the mare and in artificial insemination programs. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of two induction protocols (intramuscular or subcutaneous administration of 0.1 mg of triptorelin acetate and intravenous administration of 1500 IU of hCG) and determine their influence on fertility after artificial insemination with frozen semen. The ovulatory response rate and the moment of ovulation after treatment did not vary significantly between the mares treated with different protocols (p>0,05). However, in thoroughbred lusitano mares significantly lower percentage of ovulations was found (p<0,05). Fertility after artificial insemination with frozen semen also did not vary significantly depending on the induction protocol used (p>0,05). Thus, the two induction protocols under study have equivalent efficacy and none of them influenced fertility after artificial insemination.
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32

Bastide, Laurence. "Valeur de la courbe de température basale dans l'appréciation du moment de l'ovulation lors de l'induction par la séquence HMG/HCG en dehors de la FIV : à propos de 11 cas suivis de grossesse par IAD." Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR25038.

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33

Liu, Yunao, and 劉蘊奡. "Human endometrial gene expression profiling and receptivity in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43085404.

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34

Oliveira, Maria Emília Franco [UNESP]. "Efeito da adaministração do LH ao final do tratamento superovulatório na taxa de ovulação e produção de embriões em ovelhas da raça Santa Inês." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98187.

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Foram realizados 20 programas de superovulação e colheita de embriões em ovelhas Santa Inês, com objetivo de testar a hipótese que a adição de LH ao final do protocolo de superovulação causa incremento nas taxas de ovulação e de produção de embriões. Para tanto, o experimento foi delineado em cross-over, sendo o estro sincronizado com CIDR™ por 14 dias. No D7, substituiu-se o implante por um novo, e administrou-se 37,5 μg de d-cloprostenol, IM. Para superestimulação, 256 mg de FSHp foram administradas em 8 doses decrescentes, iniciando no D12. No D14, as fêmeas receberam 200 UI de eCG e 37,5 μg de d-cloprostenol. No grupo controle (G-C) a taxa FSH/LH foi constante, enquanto no G-LH o protocolo preconizava o acrescido de 7,5 mg de LH, administrado 24 h após a retirada do implante (D15). As fêmeas foram inseminadas com sêmen congelado, por laparoscopia, as 42 e 48 h após a retirada do implante, concomitantemente, as estruturas ovarianas foram avaliadas. No D21, os embriões foram cirurgicamente colhidos e avaliados. Os resultados demonstraram que o LH administrado ao final do tratamento superovulatório não incrementou de maneira significativa a taxa de ovulação e o número de embriões viáveis (78,7% ± 22,72 e 3,77 ± 4,29, respectivamente, G-C; 84,75 ± 10,13 e 4,22 ± 5,19, G-LH). Quanto ao período das ovulações, observou-se grande distribuição nos grupos, sendo possivelmente correlacionado ao grande número de estruturas não fecundadas e embriões degenerados encontrados. A ausência de diferença estatística no número de corpos lúteos, de embriões recuperados e viáveis pode ser associada à grande variabilidade individual.
Twenty superovulation programs and embryos recovery were accomplished in Santa Inês sheep, with objective to test the hypothesis that addition of LH at the end of the superovulatory regimen causes an increase in the ovulation rate and of embryos production. For so much, the experiment was delineated in cross-over, being the estrus synchronized with CIDR, for 14 days. On D7, the implant was substituted by a new one, and 37.5 μg of d-cloprostenol were administered. Then, 256 mg of FSHp were administered in 8 decreasing doses, starting on D12. On D14, all females received 200 IU of eCG and 37.5 μg of d-cloprostenol. In control group (G-C), the FSH/LH ratio was constant, while in G-LH 7.5 mg of LH, administered 24 h after implant withdrawal (D15). The laparoscopic inseminations occurred 42 and 48 h after implant withdrawal, concomitantly, the evaluated ovarian structures. On D21, the embryos were surgically collected and evaluated. Overall, the results showed that LH administration at the end of the FSH treatment did not significant increase the ovulation rate and number of viable embryos (78.7% ± 22.72 and 3.77 ± 4.29, respectively, G-C; 84.76 ± 10.14 and 4.22 ± 5.22, G-LH). For the period of the ovulations, a great distribution was observed inside of the groups, being correlated possibly to the great number of unfertilized oocytes and degenerated embryos. The no statistical difference in the number of corpus luteum, embryos recovery and viability can be associated the great individual variability.
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35

Oliveira, Maria Emília Franco. "Efeito da adaministração do LH ao final do tratamento superovulatório na taxa de ovulação e produção de embriões em ovelhas da raça Santa Inês /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98187.

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Orientador: Wilter Ricardo Russiano Vicente
Banca: Luiz Fernando de Souza Rodrigues
Banca: Paulo Henrique Franceschini
Resumo: Foram realizados 20 programas de superovulação e colheita de embriões em ovelhas Santa Inês, com objetivo de testar a hipótese que a adição de LH ao final do protocolo de superovulação causa incremento nas taxas de ovulação e de produção de embriões. Para tanto, o experimento foi delineado em cross-over, sendo o estro sincronizado com CIDR™ por 14 dias. No D7, substituiu-se o implante por um novo, e administrou-se 37,5 μg de d-cloprostenol, IM. Para superestimulação, 256 mg de FSHp foram administradas em 8 doses decrescentes, iniciando no D12. No D14, as fêmeas receberam 200 UI de eCG e 37,5 μg de d-cloprostenol. No grupo controle (G-C) a taxa FSH/LH foi constante, enquanto no G-LH o protocolo preconizava o acrescido de 7,5 mg de LH, administrado 24 h após a retirada do implante (D15). As fêmeas foram inseminadas com sêmen congelado, por laparoscopia, as 42 e 48 h após a retirada do implante, concomitantemente, as estruturas ovarianas foram avaliadas. No D21, os embriões foram cirurgicamente colhidos e avaliados. Os resultados demonstraram que o LH administrado ao final do tratamento superovulatório não incrementou de maneira significativa a taxa de ovulação e o número de embriões viáveis (78,7% ± 22,72 e 3,77 ± 4,29, respectivamente, G-C; 84,75 ± 10,13 e 4,22 ± 5,19, G-LH). Quanto ao período das ovulações, observou-se grande distribuição nos grupos, sendo possivelmente correlacionado ao grande número de estruturas não fecundadas e embriões degenerados encontrados. A ausência de diferença estatística no número de corpos lúteos, de embriões recuperados e viáveis pode ser associada à grande variabilidade individual.
Abstract: Twenty superovulation programs and embryos recovery were accomplished in Santa Inês sheep, with objective to test the hypothesis that addition of LH at the end of the superovulatory regimen causes an increase in the ovulation rate and of embryos production. For so much, the experiment was delineated in cross-over, being the estrus synchronized with CIDR, for 14 days. On D7, the implant was substituted by a new one, and 37.5 μg of d-cloprostenol were administered. Then, 256 mg of FSHp were administered in 8 decreasing doses, starting on D12. On D14, all females received 200 IU of eCG and 37.5 μg of d-cloprostenol. In control group (G-C), the FSH/LH ratio was constant, while in G-LH 7.5 mg of LH, administered 24 h after implant withdrawal (D15). The laparoscopic inseminations occurred 42 and 48 h after implant withdrawal, concomitantly, the evaluated ovarian structures. On D21, the embryos were surgically collected and evaluated. Overall, the results showed that LH administration at the end of the FSH treatment did not significant increase the ovulation rate and number of viable embryos (78.7% ± 22.72 and 3.77 ± 4.29, respectively, G-C; 84.76 ± 10.14 and 4.22 ± 5.22, G-LH). For the period of the ovulations, a great distribution was observed inside of the groups, being correlated possibly to the great number of unfertilized oocytes and degenerated embryos. The no statistical difference in the number of corpus luteum, embryos recovery and viability can be associated the great individual variability.
Mestre
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36

Latimer, John Alexander. "Gonadotrophins and cytokines in ovarian epithelial cancer /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09MD/09mdl357.pdf.

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37

Naturil, Alfonso Carmen. "EFFECT OF FEED RESTRICTION IN A RABBIT LINE SELECTED FOR GROWTH RATE ON REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE: OVULATION INDUCTION, OOCYTE QUALITY, EMBRYONARY AND FETAL LOSSES." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/73065.

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[EN] The general aim of this thesis was to reproductively characterize females from a rabbit line selected for growth rate and to evaluate the effect of different nutritional strategies (ad libitum and restricted), in order to improve the reproductive performance. In chapter 1, the influence of maternal and embryonic genotype on prenatal survival and fetal growth was evaluated and contrasted with a maternal line. Prenatal survival, fetal weight and fetal placenta weight were affected by both embryonic and maternal genotype. Nevertheless, no differences were detected either at transcriptomic level in fetal placenta or in progesterone and IGF-I plasma levels in these females. It may be concluded that in rabbit females from paternal lines both embryonic and maternal genotypes are key factors in the reproductive performance of these females. The aim of chapter 2 was to explore the causes of ovulation failures in these rabbit females. Results showed that non-ovulated females presented lower LH plasma concentration as well as higher body weight and leptin and BOHB plasma levels than ovulated females. Thus, ovulation failures in females from line R could be attributed to decreased LH plasma concentrations in these females which may be related with their higher body weight and leptin levels. The following three chapters were focused on improvement of the reproductive performance of these females through a different nutritional strategy: a feed-to-appetite diet of these females after the rearing period and prior to insemination. The initial hypothesis was that the females are submitted to a restricted nutritional regimen which is not enough to cope with their needs during reproduction, causing long-term disturbances of energy balance which leads to the subsequent reproductive problems. Chapter 3 aimed to determine if a feed-to-appetite nutritional strategy would affect the hypothalamus-hypophysis axis and the quality of the produced oocytes, by transcriptomic analysis. While no differences were found in the microarray analysis of the hypothalamus-hypophysis, small differences were detected in the transcript expression analysis in oocytes of a group of genes selected. MSY2 was found to be downregulated in oocytes from restricted females. As a key regulator of maternal RNA transcription and translation, changes in this essential gene could explain some of the reproductive problems of these females. Whether the differences found at oocyte level were inherent at embryonic level and so involved in the drop of fertility was studied in Chapter 4. Although no significant differences were revealed in ovulation, embryo recovery, and implantation rate, higher fetal and gestational losses were found in restricted females, as well as lower fetal growth. Thus, we concluded that the nutritional strategy employed may have an impact on the oocyte (Chapter 3), but we also demonstrated that these changes were inherited by the embryo, and result in disturbances in gestational losses and fetal growth. The final chapter of this thesis was conducted to determine whether these effects on reproductive and metabolic elements were also evident in females following the common semi-intensive farm production system. Although the results obtained showed small variances in NEFAs and BOHB plasma levels, and also in body weight, no differences were detected in global reproductive performance in terms of fertility, prolificacy and productivity. The results obtained established that although differences are found at oocyte level and inherited by embryo and fetus, no improvements are reached with the proposed nutritional strategy in terms of reproductive performance when females selected for growth rate lead a normal semi-intensive production system.
[ES] El objetivo general fue la caracterización reproductiva de las hembras de una línea de conejo seleccionada por velocidad de crecimiento y el efecto de distintas estrategias nutricionales (ad libitum y restringidas), con la finalidad de mejorar el rendimiento reproductivo. En el capítulo 1 se evaluó la influencia de los genotipos materno y embrionario en la supervivencia prenatal y crecimiento fetal, entre las hembras de esta línea y una línea maternal. La supervivencia prenatal, peso fetal y el peso de la placenta resultaron afectados por los genotipos tanto embrionario como materno, pero no se detectaron diferencias sobre la placenta fetal a nivel del transcriptoma ni en los niveles de progesterona e IGF-I. Por lo tanto, se puede concluir que en éstas tanto el genotipo embrionario como el materno son factores clave en su rendimiento reproductivo. El objetivo del capítulo 2 fue explorar las causas de los fallos reproductivos en estas hembras. Los resultados mostraron que las hembras que no ovularon presentaban menores niveles de LH, un mayor peso corporal y mayor concentración en sangre de leptinas y BOHB, que aquellas que había ovulado. Por ello, los fallos en ovulación detectados en estas hembras podrían estar relacionados con una reducción en los niveles de LH, consecuencia del mayor peso de estas hembras y de los incrementados niveles de leptinas. Los siguientes capítulos se enfocaron a la mejora del rendimiento reproductivo de estas hembras empleando una estrategia nutricional distinta: la ingesta ad libitum de alimento tras el periodo de crianza hasta el momento del comienzo de su vida reproductiva. La hipótesis de partida fue que estas hembras son sometidas a un régimen nutricional restringido que no es suficiente para satisfacer sus necesidades energéticas durante la reproducción, lo que causa alteraciones en su balance energético que se manifestarían en los problemas reproductivos observados. El capítulo 3 trató de determinar a través de un análisis trasncriptómico si la estrategia nutricional planteada afectaría el eje hipotalámico-hipofisario y la calidad de los ovocitos. Aunque no se encontraron diferencias en el análisis de un micrarray realizado sobre el hipotálamo-hipófisis, sí que se detectaron en la expresión génica de los ovocitos. El transcrito MSY2 mostró una menor expresión en los ovocitos de las hembras restringidas. Este gen es un regulador clave en la maduración ovocitaria, por lo tanto, cambios en la expresión de este gen podrían explicar algunos de los problemas reproductivos de estas hembras. En el capítulo 4 se estudió si las diferencias a nivel ovocitario eran heredadas por el embrión pudiendo causar la baja fertilidad de estas hembras. Aunque no se encontraron diferencias en las tasas de ovulación, recuperación embrionaria e implantación, sí que aparecieron diferencias en las pérdidas fetales y gestacionales, así como un menor crecimiento fetal en los embriones procedentes de hembras con restricción alimentaria. Por ello, concluimos que la estrategia nutricional empleada tiene unas consecuencias en el ovocito (Capítulo 3), y demostramos que estos cambios parecen continuar en el embrión, resultando en alteraciones en pérdidas gestacionales y crecimiento fetal. El capítulo final fue desarrollado para evidenciar si los efectos reproductivos y metabólicos observados en los capítulos previos se manifestaban en las hembras que se encuentran en un sistema de producción tradicional en granja. A pesar de que los resultados mostraron variaciones en los niveles circulantes de NEFAs y BOHB y de peso corporal, no se encontraron diferencias en el rendimiento reproductivo global a nivel de fertilidad, prolificidad y productividad. Los resultados obtenidos parecen indicar que a pesar de las diferencias encontradas a nivel ovocitario, embrionario y fetal, con el régimen nutricional propuesto no se logra alcanzar mejoras en la eficiencia reproductivo de las h
[CAT] L'objectiu general va ser la caracterització reproductiva de les femelles d'una línia de conill seleccionada per velocitat de creixement i l'efecte de diferents estratègies nutricionals (ad libitum i restringides), amb la finalitat de millorar el rendiment reproductiu. En el capítol 1 s'avaluà la influència dels genotipus matern i embrionari en la supervivència prenatal i el creixement fetal, entre les femelles d'aquesta línia i les de una altra línia maternal. La supervivència prenatal, el pes fetal i el pes de la placenta resultaren afectats pels genotipus embrionari i matern, però no es detectaren diferències en la placenta fetal a nivell de trascriptoma ni en els nivells de progesterona i IGF-I. Per tant, en les femelles de conill seleccionades per velocitat de creixement, tant el genotipus embrionari com el matern són factors clau en el seu rendiment reproductiu. L'objectiu del capítol 2 va ser explorar les causes de les fallades reproductives en aquestes femelles. Les femelles que no ovularen presentaren menor nivells de LH, major pes corporal i major concentració de leptines i BOHB que aquelles que sí que hi havia ovulat. Per això, les fallades d'ovulació detectades en aquestes femelles podrien estar relacionades amb la reducció en els nivells de LH, com a conseqüència del major pes d'aquestes femelles i dels incrementats nivells de leptines. Els capítols següents s'enfocaren a la millora del rendiment reproductiu d'aquestes femelles mitjançant una estratègia nutricional distinta: la ingesta ad libitum d'aliment després del període de criança i fins al moment de l'inici de la vida reproductiva. La hipòtesi de partida fiu que aquestes femelles són sotmeses a un règim nutricional restringit que no és suficient per a satisfer les seves necessitats energètiques durant la reproducció, la qual cosa provoca alteracions en el balanç energètic que podrien manifestar-se en els problemes reproductius observats. El capítol 3 tractà de determinar mitjançant un anàlisi trasncritòmic si la estratègia nutricional plantejada podria afectar l'eix hipotalàmic-hipofisiari i la qualitat dels ovòcits. Metre que no es detectaren diferències en el anàlisi del microarray realitzat en el hipotàlem-hipòfisi, sí que es detectaren en l'expressió gènica del ovòcits. El transcrit MSY2 mostrà una menor expressió en els ovòcits de les femelles restringides. Aquest gen es un regulador clau en la maduració ovocitària, per aquest motiu, canvis en la seva expressió gen podrien explicar alguns dels problemes reproductius de les femelles. En el capítol 4 s'estudià si aquestes diferències a nivell ovocitari eren heretades per l'embrió i podrien causar la baixa fertilitat d'aquestes femelles. Encara que no se trobaren diferències en les taxes d'ovulació, recuperació embrionària i implantació, sí que es trobaren diferències en les pèrdues fetals i gestacionals, així com un menor creixement fetal en els embrions de les femelles provinents d'un règim alimentari restringit. Per això concloíem que l'estratègia nutricional emprada té conseqüències en el ovòcit (Capítol 3), i demostrarem que aquest canvis pareixen continuar en l'embrió, resultant en alteracions en pèrdues gestacionals i creixement fetal. El capítol final fou desenvolupat per evidenciar si els efectes reproductius i metabòlics observats en els capítols previs eren manifestats en les femelles que es troben en un sistema productiu tradicional de granja. Tot i que el resultats mostraren variacions en els nivells circulants de NEFAs i BOHB i pes corporal, no es trobaren diferències en el rendiment reproductiu global, en termes de fertilitat, prolificitat i productivitat. Els resultats obtinguts pareixen indicar que tot i que les diferències trobades a nivell ovocitari i embrionari amb un efecte significatiu en el desenvolupament i creixement fetal, amb el règim nutricional proposat no s'aconsegueix assolir millores en
Naturil Alfonso, C. (2016). EFFECT OF FEED RESTRICTION IN A RABBIT LINE SELECTED FOR GROWTH RATE ON REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE: OVULATION INDUCTION, OOCYTE QUALITY, EMBRYONARY AND FETAL LOSSES [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/73065
TESIS
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38

Matos, Raquel Isabel Gonçalves de. "Regulação Farmacológica da Ovulação." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/4078.

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Projeto de Pós-Graduação/Dissertação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências Farmacêuticas
A regulação farmacológica da ovulação tema desta monografia, será abordada em dois tópicos principais: o primeiro aborda as terapias utilizadas na indução da ovulação e o segundo métodos farmacológicos utilizados na inibição da ovulação. A indução da ovulação é dirigida às disfunções, que promovem ciclos anovulatórios, tendo a Organização Mundial da Saúde dividido as causas da anovulação em três categorias: hipogonadismo hipogonadotrófico (WHO I), hipogonadismo normagonadotrófico (WHO II) e por último, hipogonadismo hipergonadotrófico (WHO III), ao qual a indução da ovulação não é aplicável. A metodologia de indução da ovulação vai depender da causa da anovulação. Assim sendo, o WHO I irá requerer uma terapia à base de gonadotrofinas e análogos da GnRH. Quando a disfunção é causada por uma disfunção ovárica é na maior parte das vezes causada pelo síndrome do ovário policístico, traduz a variante WHO II e, neste caso a terapia de primeira linha é o citrato de clomifeno e o letrozole e, a de segunda linha gonadotrofinas e metformina Em relação à inibição da ovulação, com a qual se pretende evitar uma gravidez, as propostas oferecidas são cada vez mais eficazes e com formulações melhoradas, de que são exemplo a substituição de etinilestradiol de algumas formulações por um estrogéneo semelhante ao estrogéneo natural, diminuindo assim os riscos associadas ao tromboembolismo conferido pelo etinilestradiol. Contraceção estroprogestativa e contraceção apenas recorrendo a progestativos encontra-se disponível hoje no mercado, com várias vias de administração e diversos efeitos terapêuticos adicionais com o intuito de responder especificamente às necessidades individuais das mulheres. This thesis’ theme, pharmacological regulation of ovulation, is going to be approached in two main topics: the first covers the therapies used to induct ovulation, and the second covers the pharmacological methods used to inhibit it. Ovulation induction is addressed to dysfunctions that promote anovulatory cycles. In this way, World Health Organization (WHO) has divided anovulation’s causes in three categories: hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (WHO I), normogonadotropic hypogonadism (WHO II) and, finally, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (WHOIII), for which the ovulation induction can’t be applied. The inducting methodology depend on the cause of anovulation, therefore, WHO I requires a therapy based on gonadotrophins and GnRH analogues, and WHO II, which is normally caused by the ovarian polycystic ovary syndrome, has the citrate de clomifeno and the letroxzole as first-line therapy, and gonadotriphins and metformin as second-line therapy. Regarding to ovulation inhibition, which goal is to prevent pregnancy, more efficient proposals and improved formulations are offered, such as the substitution of the ethinylestradiol of some formulations for a estrogen more similar to the natural estrogen, lowering the risks of thromboembolism associated to the ethinylestrodiol. Nowadays, several estroprogestative contraception and contraception with progestogens-only are available in the market. They can be administrated by several routes and can present additional therapeutic effects to respond in a more specific way to the needs of individual women.
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FRAGA, JÚNIOR Antônio Matos Fraga. "Dinâmica folicular de vacas da raça guzerá submetidas a três protocolos de sincronização da ovulação." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2011. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/6222.

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This study aimed to assess the follicular dynamics of Guzerat cows treated with three protocols for synchronization of ovulation where they used vaginal implant impregnated with progesterone or the Ovsynch protocol, besides the use of estradiol benzoate or GnRH to induce ovulation.There were used 18 PO Guzerat cows, multiparous non-lactating, aging between four and seven years, good body score condition, ranging from 3.0 to 4.0, The animals were kept in extensive management, where the diet provided met the nutritional requirements including protein mineral salt and water "ad libitum". The animals were divided into three groups, in group 1 (n = 6) it was applied at the D0, an intravaginal device CIDR® along with 2 mg of estradiol benzoate, at D8 it was administered 300 mg of a prostaglandin analogue and 300 IU of eCG besides intravaginal device removal, at D9 it was administered 1 mg of estradiol benzoate and at D11 artificial insemination was carried out. In group 2 (n = 6) it was used the same protocols as in group 1 except for the induction of ovulation when it was used 17 mg of a GnRH analogue and at D11 artificial insemination was carried. In group 3 (n = 6) was applied at D0, 200 mg of GnRH analogue, 0.530 mg of prostaglandin analogue at D7, at D9 it was administered 100 mg of GnRH analogue and at D10 artificial insemination was carried. From D0 to D8 animals were examined daily (24/24 h) by transrectal ultrasound .After removal of the implant on D8 in groups 1 and 2 and application of prostaglandin D7 (group 3) animals were assessed four times a day (6/6 hours) until D10 of the Protocol. A new follicular wave emergence for groups 1, 2 and 3 was observed respectively, 2.6 ± 0.16; 2.7 ± 0.18 and 2.9 ± 0.16 days, with no statistical difference (P < 0.05) between groups .There was statistical difference for groups 1, 2 and 3 in the range of wave emergence and ovulation in days, 7.1  0.18; 6.37 0.31; 5.33 0.66, the interval between implant removal and ovulation in hours, 64.2 6.99, 61.0 12.36, interval between the application of inducing ovulation and in hours, 43.6 6.89, 41.0 11.25, 38.2 7.89, greatest diameter of the DF (day 8), 10.71 0.30, 9.41 0.24, 9.75 0.35, greatest diameter of the DF (day 10), 13.1 0.23, 11.7 0.22, 12.0 0.34, Average follicle growth until day 8 - (mm / day), 1.36 0.07, 0.92 0.10, 1.10 0.11, Average follicle growth of 8-10 days - (mm / day), 2.40 0.08, 2.28 0.11, 2.23 0.10 and the percentage of animals that ovulated, 83.34% (5/6) , 66.67% (4/6), 50% (3/6). So the protocols of experimental groups 1 and 2 were moreeffective in promoting the synchronization of ovulation and are indicated to be used in a program of fixed-time artificial insemination in Guzerat cows.
Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a dinâmica folicular de vacas da raça Guzerá tratadas com três protocolos para sincronização da ovulação onde se utilizaram implantes vaginais impregnados com progesterona ou o protocolo Ovsynch, além da utilização de benzoato de estradiol ou GnRH como indutor da ovulação. Foram utilizadas 18 vacas PO da raça Guzerá, multíparas, não-lactantes, com idades entre quatro e sete anos, escore de condição corporal de 3,0 a 4,0 (escala de 1 a 5). Os animais foram mantidos em regime extensivo, onde a dieta fornecida supriu as exigências nutricionais, receberam sal mineral proteinado e água “ad libitum”. Os animais foram divididos em três grupos, No grupo 1 (n=6) foi aplicado no D0, mesmo dia do dispositivo intravaginal CIRD®, 2 mg de benzoato de estradiol, no dia oito (D8), foram aplicados 0,530 mg de análogo de prostaglandina, 300 UI de eCG e foi retirado o dispositivo intravaginal, no dia nove (D9) foi aplicado 1 mg de benzoato de estradiol. No grupo 2 (n=6) foi aplicado no D0, mesmo dia do dispositivo intravaginal CIRD®, 2 mg de benzoato de estradiol, no dia oito (D8), foram aplicados 0,530 mg de análogo de prostaglandina, 300 UI de eCG IM e foi retirado o dispositivo intravaginal, no dia nove (D9) foi aplicado 17 μg de um análogo do GnRH. No grupo 3 (n=6) foi aplicado no D0, 200 μg de análogo do GnRH, 0,530 mg de análogo da prostaglandina no dia sete (D7) no dia nove (D9) foi aplicado 100 μg de análogo do GnRH. A partir do dia zero até o dia 8 os animais foram examinados diariamente (24/24 h) por via trans-retal com auxílio de ultrassom. Após a retirada do implante no dia 8 (grupos 1 e 2) e aplicação da prostaglandina no dia 7 (grupo 3) os animais foram avaliados 4 vezes por dia (6/6 horas) até o dia 10 do protocolo. Uma nova emergência da onda folicular para os grupos 1, 2 e 3 ocorreu respectivamente, em 2,6 ± 0,16; 2,7 ± 0,18 e 2,9 ± 0,16 dias, não havendo diferença estatística (P <0,05) entre os grupos (Tabela 1). Houve diferença estatística para os grupos 1, 2 e 3 no intervalo entre emergência da onda e ovulação em dias, 7,1  0.18; 6,37 0,31; 5,33 0,66; intervalo entre a retirada do implante e a ovulação em horas, 64,2 6,99; 61,0 12,36; intervalo entre a aplicação do indutor e a ovulação em horas, 43,6 6,89; 41,0 11,25; 38,2 7,89, maior diâmetro do FD (dia 8), 10,71 0,30; 9,41 0.24; 9,75 0,35, maior diâmetro do FD (dia 10), 13,1 0,23; 11,7 0,22; 12,0 0,34; Média de crescimento do folículo até dia 8 – (mm/dia), 1,36 0,07; 0,92 0,10; 1,10 0,11; Média de crescimento do folículo do dia 8-10 – (mm/dia), 2,40 0,08; 2,28 0,11; 2,23 0,10 e na porcentagem de animais que ovularam, 83,34% (5/6), 66,67% (4/6), 50% (3/6). Portanto os protocolos dos grupos experimentais 1 e 2 se mostraram mais eficientes em promover a sincronização da ovulação e são indicados para utilização em programa de inseminação artificial em tempo fixo em vacas da raça Guzerá.
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40

Beal, Jordana. "Indução da ovulação em éguas crioulas com diferentes doses de gonadotropina coriônica humana." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2008. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10013.

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The effect of three different i.v. doses of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), as far as the possible influence of aging, follicular diameter and the month of the breeding season (September to January), was evaluated for ovulation induction in one hundred and twenty three Criollo mares, between 2 and 24 years old, during the 2006 breeding season. The mares were examined daily by rectal palpation and ultrasonography with a 5MHz linear transrectal transducer. When the ovarian follicles reached a diameter of 30 to 35mm, ovulation was induced with an injection of hCG. Mares were assigned into three groups, each one receiving a different i.v. dose of hCG (1000 IU; n=39, 1500 IU; n=41, 2000 IU; n=43). Mares were bred in the next day and examined daily until ovulation was detected. Percentage of mares ovulating before 24h of pharmacology induction was 10.5%, 7.3% e 4.7%, and before 48h, 92.5%, 83.7% and 86.0%, respectively, for groups of 1000, 1500 and 2000 IU of hCG. The month of the breeding season, age of the mares or follicular diameter (30-35mm) had no influence on ovulation response. The injection of hCG showed similar (P>0.05) effects with the tree doses studied. Ovulation was induced, until 48h after injection when a pre-ovulatory follicle 30- 35mm in diameter was visualized. Criollo mares with 30 to 35mm diameter pre-ovulatory follicles can have their ovulation induced when treated with 1000 UI, 1500 UI or 2000 UI of hCG.
O efeito de três diferentes doses endovenosas de gonadotropina coriônica humana (hCG) e a possível influência da idade dos animais, do diâmetro folicular e dos meses da estação de monta (setembro a janeiro) foram avaliados sobre a resposta ovulatória em cento e vinte e três éguas Crioulas, entre 2 e 24 anos de idade durante a temporada de monta de 2006. As éguas foram examinadas diariamente através de palpação retal e ultra-sonografia com transdutor trans-retal linear de 5MHz. Quando os folículos ovarianos em desenvolvimento alcançaram um diâmetro entre 30 a 35mm aplicou-se uma injeção endovenosa de hCG. As éguas foram distribuídas aleatoriamente em três grupos, conforme a dose de hCG aplicada: 1000 UI (n=39), 1500 UI (n=41), e 2000 UI; (n=43). As fêmeas foram cobertas no dia seguinte à aplicação de hCG e examinadas diariamente até a detecção da ovulação. O percentual de éguas que ovularam antes de se passarem 24h da aplicação de hCG foi de 10,5%, 7,3% e 4,7%, e o das que o fizeram antes de decorrerem 48h da injeção foi de 92,5%, 83,7% e 86,0%, respectivamente, para os grupos tratados com 1000 UI, 1500 UI e 2000 UI de hCG. Não houve relação entre os meses da estação de monta, a idade das éguas, diâmetro folicular (30-35mm) no momento da aplicação do hCG e a resposta ovulatória. As três doses de hCG utilizadas apresentaram efeito similar (P>0,05), induzindo a ovulação da maioria das éguas em até 48h. Éguas Crioulas em cio, apresentando folículos pré-ovulatórios com diâmetro entre 30-35mm respondem bem à indução da ovulação quando tratadas com 1000 UI, 1500 UI ou 2000 UI de hCG.
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41

Boakari, Yatta Linhares [UNESP]. "Efeito da hCG ou deslorelina sobre a hemodinâmica folicular e perfil endogeno de LH em éguas cíclicas." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/123138.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
A indução da ovulação após o tratamento com hCG e análogos de GnRH, como a deslorelina, ocorrem por mecanismos distintos. Por sua vez, é possível que estes tratamentos acarretem alterações na perfusão vascular folicular durante o período pré-ovulatório. Desta forma, a ultrassonografia colorida Doppler apresenta potencial para ser utilizada como ferramenta na avaliação em tempo real do potencial ovulatório de folículos em éguas. Os objetivos principais deste trabalho foram avaliar as alterações na perfusão vascular folicular (PVF) após o uso de hormônios indutores da ovulação e sua relação temporal com o perfil plasmático de LH. Além de avaliar se a PVF pode ser utilizada para indicar a proximidade da ovulação. Ciclos estrais de éguas foram aleatoriamente divididos em três grupos experimentais: grupo GnRH, grupo hCG e grupo controle (n=10 éguas/grupo). Tratamentos foram realizados na presença de folículo com diâmetro ≥35mm associado à edema uterino. O momento imediatamente antes do tratamento foi considerado H0. Colheita de sangue e exame ultrassonográfico Doppler função power-flow do folículo dominante foram realizados para avaliar, respectivamente, a concentração plasmática de LH e a perfusão vascular folicular (PVF). Os parâmetros foram avaliados de hora em hora entre os intervalos H0-H12 e a cada seis horas da H12 até H30. Adicionalmente, os grupos GnRH e hCG foram acompanhados a cada hora a partir da H30 até a detecção da ovulação ou até H48. Já no grupo controle, foi realizada ultrassonografia modo-B a cada seis horas após H30 e ao se detectar características indicativas da proximidade de ovulação a US Doppler foi realizada de hora em hora até detecção da ovulação. O grupo controle apresentou um intervalo mais longo até à ovulação (P < 0,0001). Efeito de grupo (P < 0.05) foi detectado para PVF. Animais do grupo GnRH apresentaram maior PVF (P < 0.05) média quando ...
Ovulation induction after treatment with hCG and GnRH analogs, such as deslorelin, occur through distinct mechanism. Meanwhile, it is possible that these treatments entail changes in follicular vascular perfusion during the pre-ovulatory period. Thus, color Doppler ultrasound presents a potential to be used as a tool for real-time assessment of follicles ovulatory potential in mares. The main purposes of this paper were to evaluate follicular vascular perfusion (FVP) after the use of ovulation induction hormones and the relationship with the plasmatic profile of LH. Additionally, evaluate if FVP can be used to indicate proximity to ovulation. Estrous cycles of mares were randomly divided in three experimental groups: GnRH group, hCG group and control group (n=10 mares/group). Treatments were done in the presence of a follicle with ≥35mm diameter associated with uterine edema. The moment immediately before treatment was considered H0. Blood collection and Doppler ultrasound exam with power-flow mode of the dominant follicle were done to evaluate, respectively, plasmatic concentration of LH and FVP. Parameters were evaluated every hour between H0-H12 and every six hours from H12 until H30. Additionally, GnRH and hCG groups were evaluated every hour from H30 until ovulation detection or until H48. In the control group, B-mode ultrasonography was completed every six hours after H30 and when detection of characteristics indicative of imminent ovulation Doppler ultrasonography was done every hour until ovulation detection. Control group presented a longer interval until ovulation (P < 0,0001). Group effect (P < 0.05) was detected for FVP. Animals from the GnRH group presented higher mean FVP (P < 0.05) when compared to the hCG and control groups since H0 until the moment of ovulation. No moment effect and interaction group:moment was found between experimental groups. Mean LH concentration between H1 and ...
FAPESP: 2012/11117-3
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42

Boakari, Yatta Linhares. "Efeito da hCG ou deslorelina sobre a hemodinâmica folicular e perfil endogeno de LH em éguas cíclicas /." Botucatu, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/123138.

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Orientador: Cezinande de Meira
Banca: Fabiana Ferreira de Souza
Banca: Fernanda Saules Ignácio
Banca: Sony Dimas Bicudo
Banca: Claudia Barbosa Fernandes
Resumo: A indução da ovulação após o tratamento com hCG e análogos de GnRH, como a deslorelina, ocorrem por mecanismos distintos. Por sua vez, é possível que estes tratamentos acarretem alterações na perfusão vascular folicular durante o período pré-ovulatório. Desta forma, a ultrassonografia colorida Doppler apresenta potencial para ser utilizada como ferramenta na avaliação em tempo real do potencial ovulatório de folículos em éguas. Os objetivos principais deste trabalho foram avaliar as alterações na perfusão vascular folicular (PVF) após o uso de hormônios indutores da ovulação e sua relação temporal com o perfil plasmático de LH. Além de avaliar se a PVF pode ser utilizada para indicar a proximidade da ovulação. Ciclos estrais de éguas foram aleatoriamente divididos em três grupos experimentais: grupo GnRH, grupo hCG e grupo controle (n=10 éguas/grupo). Tratamentos foram realizados na presença de folículo com diâmetro ≥35mm associado à edema uterino. O momento imediatamente antes do tratamento foi considerado H0. Colheita de sangue e exame ultrassonográfico Doppler função power-flow do folículo dominante foram realizados para avaliar, respectivamente, a concentração plasmática de LH e a perfusão vascular folicular (PVF). Os parâmetros foram avaliados de hora em hora entre os intervalos H0-H12 e a cada seis horas da H12 até H30. Adicionalmente, os grupos GnRH e hCG foram acompanhados a cada hora a partir da H30 até a detecção da ovulação ou até H48. Já no grupo controle, foi realizada ultrassonografia modo-B a cada seis horas após H30 e ao se detectar características indicativas da proximidade de ovulação a US Doppler foi realizada de hora em hora até detecção da ovulação. O grupo controle apresentou um intervalo mais longo até à ovulação (P < 0,0001). Efeito de grupo (P < 0.05) foi detectado para PVF. Animais do grupo GnRH apresentaram maior PVF (P < 0.05) média quando ...
Abstract: Ovulation induction after treatment with hCG and GnRH analogs, such as deslorelin, occur through distinct mechanism. Meanwhile, it is possible that these treatments entail changes in follicular vascular perfusion during the pre-ovulatory period. Thus, color Doppler ultrasound presents a potential to be used as a tool for real-time assessment of follicles ovulatory potential in mares. The main purposes of this paper were to evaluate follicular vascular perfusion (FVP) after the use of ovulation induction hormones and the relationship with the plasmatic profile of LH. Additionally, evaluate if FVP can be used to indicate proximity to ovulation. Estrous cycles of mares were randomly divided in three experimental groups: GnRH group, hCG group and control group (n=10 mares/group). Treatments were done in the presence of a follicle with ≥35mm diameter associated with uterine edema. The moment immediately before treatment was considered H0. Blood collection and Doppler ultrasound exam with power-flow mode of the dominant follicle were done to evaluate, respectively, plasmatic concentration of LH and FVP. Parameters were evaluated every hour between H0-H12 and every six hours from H12 until H30. Additionally, GnRH and hCG groups were evaluated every hour from H30 until ovulation detection or until H48. In the control group, B-mode ultrasonography was completed every six hours after H30 and when detection of characteristics indicative of imminent ovulation Doppler ultrasonography was done every hour until ovulation detection. Control group presented a longer interval until ovulation (P < 0,0001). Group effect (P < 0.05) was detected for FVP. Animals from the GnRH group presented higher mean FVP (P < 0.05) when compared to the hCG and control groups since H0 until the moment of ovulation. No moment effect and interaction group:moment was found between experimental groups. Mean LH concentration between H1 and ...
Mestre
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43

Dias, Clarissa Vilela Rodrigues Vieira de Carvalho. "Ultrassom para monitorização da estimulação ovariana controlada: revisão sistematizada e metanálise de estudos randomizados controlados." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17145/tde-20072016-161026/.

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Justificativa: As técnicas de reprodução assistida (TRA), usadas para o tratamento de infertilidade/subfertilidade, incluem manipulação in vitro de oócitos e esperma, ou embriões, com o objetivo de alcançar gravidez e nascimentos vivos. O recrutamento de múltiplos folículos é fundamental para o aumento das taxas de gravidez, e isso é alcançado por meio do estímulo ovariano controlado (EOC). A monitorização do EOC é realizada por contagem de folículos ovarianos e medidas ultrassonográficas, associadas ou não à dosagem hormonal. Justificase monitorar a fase folicular para decisões a respeito da dose de gonadotrofinas administradas, detecção do risco de ocorrência da síndrome de hiperestímulo ovariano (SHO) e do planejamento do triggering da maturação final; porém a necessidade da monitorização intensiva da EOC é controversa, pois a combinação dos métodos consome mais tempo, recursos e está associada com maior desconforto para a paciente. Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia e segurança da monitorização da EOC em ciclos de reprodução assistida, usando somente ultrassonografia (US). Métodos de busca: As buscas por estudos randomizados foram realizadas nos principais bancos de dados eletrônicos. Além disso, foram examinadas, manualmente, as listas de referências dos estudos incluídos em revisões semelhantes. A última busca eletrônica foi realizada em 12 de março de 2015. Critérios de Seleção: Apenas estudos verdadeiramente randomizados, que comparassem a monitorização do EOC por US associado à dosagem hormonal e US isoladamente, monitorização do EOC por US2D e US3D, bem como US2D e telemonitorização endovaginal operada pela própria paciente (SOET), foram considerados elegíveis. Os estudos que permitiam a inclusão de uma mesma paciente duas vezes foram incluídos apenas se os dados do primeiro ciclo estivessem disponíveis. Coleta e Análise de Dados: Dois revisores avaliaram, independentemente, a elegibilidade, extração de dados e os riscos de viéses dos estudos incluídos. Quaisquer discordâncias foram resolvidas em consulta com um terceiro revisor. Quando necessário, os autores dos estudos incluídos foram contatados para maiores informações. Resultados: Foram selecionados 1717 registros, 10 dos quais eram elegíveis. Nenhum estudo relatou nascidos vivos. Seis estudos compararam a monitorização do EOC por US isolada com US associada à dosagem hormonal. Os intervalos de confiança (IC) foram extensos e não permitiram concluir a existência de benefício nem prejuízo associado ao uso de US isolada, em relação aos desfechos SHO (odds ratio - OR=1.03, IC95% 0.48 a 2.18, p=0.95) e abortamento (risco relativo - RR=0.37, IC95% 0.07 a 1.79, p=0.21). Para gravidez clínica, o IC foi compatível com pequeno benefício a pequeno prejuízo (RR=0.96, IC95% 0.80 a 1.16, p=0.70). Para número de oócitos captados, o IC foi compatível com apreciável benefício a não efeito (Diferença média MD=0.92 oócitos captados, CI95% -0.19 a 2.04, p=0.70). Dois estudos compararam US3D e US2D e os IC foram extensos e não permitiram concluir pela existência de benefício nem prejuízo associado à monitorização por US3D para os desfechos: gravidez clínica (RR=1.00, IC95% 0.58 a 1.73) e número de oócitos captados (MD= -0.37 oócitos, IC95% -3.63 a Resumo 2.89). Apenas um estudo comparou monitorização por US2D convencional com SOET, e o IC observado foi amplo e não permitiu concluir pela existência de benefício nem prejuízo associado à SOET, considerando se gravidez clínica (RR=0.95, IC 95% 0.52 a 1.75) e número de oócitos captados (MD=0.50, CI 95% - 2.13 a 3.13). Conclusão: No que concerne à eficácia, as evidências atuais sugerem que monitorizar o EOC apenas com US não deva alterar, substancialmente, as chances de se alcançar gravidez clínica. O número de oócitos captados é similar ao se comparar com a monitorização por US associada à dosagem hormonal. Quanto à segurança, também não houve aumento no risco de desenvolvimento de SHO. Contudo, a interpretação dos resultados deve ser realizada com cautela, já que para todos os desfechos e todas as comparações, os dados disponíveis são inconclusivos, pois a qualidade de evidência foi comprometida por imprecisão e falha dos estudos em relatar a metodologia aplicada. Por isso acredita-se que serão necessários mais estudos avaliando o procedimento ideal para monitorização da EOC
Background: The assisted reproductive techniques (ART) for the treatment of infertility/subfertility, include in vitro handling of both human oocytes and sperm or of embryos with the objective of achieving pregnancy and live birth. The recruitment of multiple follicles is often necessary for better results in pregnancy rates and it\'s achieved by performing controlled ovarian stimulation (COS). COS monitoring is performed by ovarian follicle counting and ultrasonography measurements and / or hormones dosage. It is appropriate to monitor the follicular phase for decisions regarding administered of gonadotropin dose, to assess the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), to determine the best time to trigger final follicular maturation. However, the need for intensive COS monitoring is controversial: the combination of the methods adds costs and discomfort for the woman who is undergoing ART and requires additional time. Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of monitoring controlled ovarian stimulation by ultrasound in assisted reproduced tecniques. Search Methods: The searches for randomized controlled trials (RCT) were performed in the main electronic databases; in addition, we hand searched the reference lists of included studies and similar reviews. We performed the last electronic search on March 29, 2015. Selection Criteria: Only truly randomized controlled trials comparing COS monitoring by ultrasonography and/or hormonal assessment, as studies comparing COS monitoring by 2DUS and 3DUS were considered eligible. We included studies that permitted the inclusion of the same participant more than once (cross-over or \'per cycle\' trials) only if data regarding the first treatment of each participant were available. Data Collection and Analysis: Two reviewers independently performed study eligibility, data extraction, and assessment of the risk of bias and we solved disagreements by consulting a third reviewer. We corresponded with study investigators in order to resolve any queries, as required. Results: The search retrieved 1717 records; ten studies were eligible. No study reported live birth. Six studies compared US only vs. US + Hormones. The confidence intervals (CI) were large and did not allow us conclude benefit or harm associated with the US Only for both OHSS (Odds ratio - OR=1.03, 95%CI 0.48 to 2.18, P=0.95), and miscarriage (relative risk - RR=0.37, 95%CI 0.07 to 1.79, P=0.21). For clinical pregnancy, the CI was compatible with small benefit to small harm (RR=0.96, 95%CI 0.80 to 1.16, P=0.70). For the number of oocytes retrieved, the CI was compatible with appreciable benefit to no effect (Mean difference - MD=0.92 oocytes, 95%CI -0.19 to 2.04, P=0.70). Two studies compared 3DUS vs. 2DUS: the confidence intervals (CI) were large and did not allow us conclude benefit or harm associated with 3DUS regarding clinical pregnancy (RR=1.00, CI95% 0.58 to 1.73) and number of oocytes retrieved (MD= -0.37 oocytes, 95%CI -3.63 to 2.89). One study compared 2DUS vs. SOET, the CI was large and did not allow us conclude benefit or harm associated with SOET regarding clinical pregnancy (RR=0.95, 95%CI 0.52 a 1.75) and number of oocytes retrieved (MD=0.50, 95%CI -2.13 a 3.13). Authors\' Conclusions: Regarding effectiveness, current evidence suggests that monitoring COS only by US only should not change substantially the chances of achieving clinical pregnancy. The number of retrieved oocytes is similar to compare with the monitoring by US associated with hormonal assessment. security also seems not to increase the risk of developing OHSS. However the interpretation of results should be performed with caution, since for all outcomes and comparisons, the available data are inconclusive because the quality of evidence was compromised by inaccuracy and poor reporting of study methodology. So we believe that further studies evaluating the ideal procedure for monitoring the COS are needed
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Barillier, Hélène. "La stérilité féminine Prise en charge actuelle en France." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00658638.

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15 à 20 % des couples français sont amenés à consulter pour un problème de fertilité. Les étiologies principales de la stérilité féminine sont les troubles de l'ovulation, les salpingites infectieuses, l'endométriose, le syndrome Distilbène, les troubles de la glaire cervicale et les malformations cervico-vaginales. Un bilan d'exploration de la femme complet, précis et méthodique doit être établi pour situer l'origine du trouble afin d'appliquer le traitement le plus adapté. Le traitement de la stérilité se fait essentiellement par chirurgie et par induction de l'ovulation. En cas d'échecs répétés, une procréation médicalement assistée peut être proposée aux couples. L'insémination intra-utérine et la fécondation in vitro classique sont les deux techniques principales indiquées dans la stérilité féminine. Malgré les progrès de la science, un tiers des couples stériles ne peuvent réaliser leur projet parental par la médicalisation. Pour aboutir à ce désir d'enfant, ils peuvent avoir recours soit aux dons de gamètes ou d'embryons, soit à l'adoption.
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45

Nóbrega, Beatrice Nuto. "Avaliação da eficácia de uma estimulação ovariana controlada simplificada e de custo reduzido - um estudo piloto." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17145/tde-15012019-102453/.

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Introdução: As técnicas de reprodução assistida (TRA) são o principal tratamento para a infertilidade, que afeta 9-15% dos casais em idade reprodutiva. No entanto, o alto custo do tratamento, que se deve principalmente aos medicamentos utilizados para a estimulação ovariana (EO), muitas vezes é um fator limitante ao acesso e à continuação. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a viabilidade de um novo protocolo de OS simplificado e de custo reduzido, que inclui o uso de medicamentos orais e um menor número de injeções, a fim de idealizar um estudo clínico randomizado. Métodos: Foram convidadas a participar todas as mulheres que seriam submetidas a EO para TRA em um serviço de reprodução universitário no Brasil entre abril de 2015 e fevereiro de 2016 com <= 90 Kg, 18-40 anos e com uma contagem de folículos antrais (CFA) >=9. 40 pacientes que preenchiam aos critérios de inclusão concordaram em participar e iniciaram a EO no segundo ou terceiro dia da menstruação. O protocolo incluía letrozol 7,5mg/dia por 5 dias e citrato de clomifeno 100mg/dia até o dia da maturação folicular por via oral e uma injeção subcutânea única de corifolitropina alfa 100 mcg no terceiro dia de estimulação. O monitoramento com ultrassonografia foi feito no primeiro de estímulo, no oitavo dia e em seguida a cada dois dias. O desencadeamento da maturação final foi realizado com agonista do GnRH, leuprolida 1mg ou triptorelina 0,2mg, por via subcutânea. A captação de oócitos foi realizada 35-36 horas depois. Nenhum antagonista do GnRH foi usado na prevenção do pico precoce de LH. A maioria dos oócitos foi injetada e todos os embriões foram criopreservados para posterior transferência. Os resultados foram comparados com outras 40 pacientes submetidas à EO convencional no mesmo serviço e período de tempo, selecionadas aleatoriamente de acordo com os critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Ambos os grupos foram divididos em subgrupos de acordo com a CFA: 9-19 ou >19. Resultados: Não houve diferença entre o grupo controle e o da pesquisa quanto à idade, peso, índice de massa corporal e CFA. Os resultados para o novo protocolo foram: mediana de oócitos totais recuperados de 12 e de oócitos MII de 9. No subgrupo com CFA 9-19, as medianas foram de 9 e 7,5 e no subgrupo > 19 foram de 16 e 13. As taxas de fertilização e clivagem foram 72% e 93%, respectivamente. Não houve diferença estatísticaentre estes resultados e o grupo controle. A duração média da EO foi de 11 dias, 2 dias a mais em relação ao controle. Houve dois casos de síndrome de hiperestimulação ovariana, um moderado e um grave de acordo com os critérios de Golan. Ambos foram tratados clinicamente com hidratação, medicação sintomática e tromboprofilaxia, com melhora satisfatória em poucos dias. Conclusão: Apesar da duração mais longa da EO com o novo protocolo, o número de oócitos totais e MII recuperados e as taxas de fertilização e clivagem foram satisfatórios. Assim, este novo é viável para posterior avaliação em um estudo controlado randomizado.
Introduction: Assisted reproduction techniques are the main treatment for infertility, that affects 9-15% of couples at reproductive age. However, the high cost of the treatment, which is often a limiting factor to access and continuation, is mainly due to medications used for controlled ovarian stimulation (OS). The objective of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of a new friendly and low-cost OS protocol, including the use of oral and low-cost medications and reducing the number of injections, in order to enable the design of a large randomized controlled trial. Methods: All women undergoing ART with OS in a university fertility center in Brazil within abril-2015 to Feb-2016 with <= 90 Kg, 18-40 years, and with an antral follicle count (AFC) >= 9 were invited to participate. 40 patients which matched inclusion criteria agreed to participate and started OS on menstruation days 2 or 3. They received oral letrozole 7.5mg/day for 5 days and oral clomiphene citrate 100mg daily until the triggering. On stimulation day-3 they received a single dose of corifollitropin alfa 100mcg subcutaneously. Ultrasound monitoring started on day-8 and proceeded every other day. The final triggering was performed as usual with GnRH agonist, leuprolide 1mg or triptorelin 0.2mg, subcutaneously. The oocyte retrieval was performed 35-36 hours afterwards. No GnRH antagonist was used for prevention of LH surge. Most oocytes were injected and all embryos were cryopreserved for later transfer. Some patients decided for oocytes cryopreservation. The results were compared to other 40 patients who underwent conventional OS at the same service and period of time, randomly selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Both groups were divided in two subgroups according AFC: 9-19 and >19. The primary outcome was the number of mature (MII) oocytes retrieved. Results: There was no difference in control and research group regarding age, weight, body mass index and AFC. The results for the new protocol were: the median number of total oocytes retrieved was 12 and of MII oocytes 9. In AFC 9-19 subgroup the median was 9 and 7.5 and in >19 AFC subgroup was 16 and 13. The fertilization and cleavage rates were respectively 72% and 93%. No statistical difference was found between this results and the control group. The median length of OS was 11 days, with a 2 days increase comparing tocontrol. There were two cases of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, one moderate and one severe according to the Golan criteria. Both were clinically treated with hyperhydration, symptomatic medication and thromboprophylaxis with satisfactory improvement within few days. Conclusions: Besides a longer duration in the OS, the number of total and MII oocytes, fertilization and cleavage rates were satisfactory. Thus this new friendly and low cost OS protocol is feasible for further evaluation in a randomized controlled trial.
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46

Bianchi, Paulo Homem de Mello. "O papel da emergência de ondas foliculares na sincronização da estimulação ovariana para fertilização in vitro." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5139/tde-05022014-113453/.

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INTRODUÇÃO: A estimulação ovariana, parte fundamental dos tratamentos de fertilização in vitro, baseia-se no conhecimento da fisiologia deste órgão. Recentemente um novo modelo de foliculogênese, a teoria das ondas foliculares, foi descrito em humanos. A sincronização do início da estimulação com o surgimento de uma onda folicular melhora o desempenho dos tratamentos em animais. Os protocolos de estimulação ovariana para fertilização in vitro humana não são sincronizados com o início de uma onda folicular. O presente estudo tem como objetivos avaliar duas estratégias de controle da emergência de uma onda folicular (aspiração do folículo dominante e indução da ovulação mediada pelo hCG) e descrever a estimulação ovariana sincronizada com o início de uma onda. MÉTODOS: Participaram deste estudo controlado pacientes com indicação de fertilização in vitro (fatores tubário e/ou masculino de infertilidade), randomizadas em três grupos: controle, \"hCG\" e \"aspiração\". No grupo controle (n=6), a aplicação do FSH recombinante (150UI/d) teve início no terceiro dia do ciclo menstrual, seguindo o protocolo flexível do antagonista do GnRH. Nos grupos experimentais foram realizadas ultrassonografias transvaginais seriadas até a identificação de um folículo dominante >= 15mm. Neste momento, no grupo \"hCG\" (n=5) foi aplicada dose de 250ug de hCG recombinante e, após dois dias , retomado o seguimento ultrassonográfico seriado. No grupo \"aspiração\" (n=5) o folículo dominante e os subordinados > 10mm foram aspirados e o seguimento ultrassonográfico seriado foi retomado após um dia depois. Quando foi detectada o aumento do número de folículos < 10mm, caracterizando a emergência de uma onda folicular, iniciou-se a estimulação ovariana nos grupos experimentais seguindo o mesmo protocolo do grupo controle. Os embriões produzidos foram criopreservados para transferência posterior devido a assincronia endometrial. RESULTADOS: As duas intervenções resultaram na emergência de ondas foliculares em todas as mulheres, um dia após a aspiração do folículo dominante e dois dias após a aplicação do hCG. A dose total de gonadotrofinas utilizada, o tempo de estimulação, a variação dos níveis séricos de estradiol, a variação do número de folículos pequenos, médios e grandes durante o tratamento, o número de oócitos obtidos, a taxa de fertilização e o número de embriões de morfologia adequada e inadequada foram semelhantes nos três grupos. A velocidade de crescimento do maior folículo foi menor nos grupos experimentais até o 5o dia do estímulo, aumentando a partir daí. Os níveis séricos de progesterona foram maiores nos grupos experimentais a partir do quinto dia do estímulo até o final do tratamento. Não houve influência mecânica da presença do corpo lúteo na dinâmica folicular e nos desempenho laboratorial dos oócitos ipsilaterais. Oito pacientes realizaram transferências embrionárias e três apresentaram resultado positivo do betahCG, todas dos grupos experimentais. CONCLUSÕES: As intervenções propostas são capazes de desencadear a emergência de uma onda folicular, permitindo a sincronização do estímulo ovariano com a emergência de uma onda. O estímulo ovariano sincronizado com a emergência de uma onda folicular resultou na produção de embriões viáveis
INTRODUCTION: Ovarian stimulation, an important step of in vitro fertilization treatments, relies on the understanding of ovarian physiology. Recently, a new model of human folliculogenesis has been suggested, based on waves of coordinated follicular development. In animal studies, it has been shown that ovarian stimulation synchronized with the emergence of a follicular wave results in better treatment outcomes. Ovarian stimulation protocols for in vitro fertilization in humans are not synchronized with wave emergence. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate two strategies to control a follicular wave emergence (aspiration of the dominant follicle and hCG mediated ovulation induction) and to describe the effects of synchronizing the beginning of stimulation with the start of a follicular wave. METHODS: Women with indications of in vitro fertilization due to tubal and/or male fator infertility were invited to participate in this controlled trial. Participants were randomized to the following groups: control, \"hCG\" and \"aspiration\". Patients on the control group (n=6) were submitted to the flexible GnRH antagonist protocol starting recombinant FSH administration (150 IU/d) on the third day of the menstrual cycle. Women on the experimental groups underwent serial transvaginal sonography until a dominant follicle >= 15 mm was identified. In the \"hCG\" group (n=5) 250ug of recombinant hCG was administered; serial transvaginal sonography was resumed two days later. In the \"aspiration\" group (n=5) the dominant and subordinated follicles larger than 10mm were aspirated; serial transvaginal sonography was resumed one day later. When a follicular wave emergence was detected (increase in the number of follicles < 10mm), patients were submitted to an ovarian stimulation protocol similar to the control group. Embryos were cryopreserved for future transfer due to endometrial asynchrony. RESULTS: A follicular wave emerged one day after the dominant follicle aspiration or two days after the administration of recombinant hCG in all women. Total dose of gonadotropins administered, stimulation length, variation of serum estradiol during stimulation, variation in the number of small, medium and large follicles during stimulation, number of oocytes harvested, fertilization rates and the number of embryos with adequate and inadequate morphology were similar in the three groups. The largest follicle growth rate was inferior for women in both experimental groups until day 5 of stimulation, increasing thereafter. Serum progesterone levels were superior in both experimental groups between the 5th day and the end of stimulation. The presence of the corpus luteum did not influence mechanically the follicular dynamics nor the laboratory performance of the ipsilateral oocytes. Eight patients have already been submitted to embryo transfers; three had a positive betahCG test, all from the experimental groups. CONCLUSIONS: Both interventions are able to induce a follicular wave emergence allowing the synchronization of ovarian stimulation. The synchronized ovarian stimulation resulted in the production of viable embryos
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47

Ben, Messaoud Khaoula. "Etude du recours, de l’accès et de l’abandon des traitements de l’infertilité à partir des données du Système National des Données de Santé Infertility Treatment in France, 2008–2017: A Challenge of Growing Treatment Needs at Older Ages." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASR014.

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Plus de 50 millions de couples souffrent d’infertilité dans le monde. Dans les pays développés, la progression de l’infertilité est due principalement au report de l’âge à la parentalité. La prise en charge de l’infertilité se décompose en deux grandes étapes : les traitements d’induction de l’ovulation et les techniques d’assistance médicale à la procréation (AMP), qui sont respectivement les traitements de première et de seconde intention. Les traitements d’AMP sont relativement bien connus alors que les inductions de l’ovulation restent peu explorées du fait de l’absence de sources de données pour les étudier. L’objectif est d’étudier les traitements de l’infertilité en considérant à la fois les traitements d’induction de l’ovulation et les traitements d’AMP. Pour cela, nous avons utilisé les données de l’assurance maladie française qui sont aujourd’hui accessibles à la recherche, notamment via l’échantillon généraliste des bénéficiaires (EGB) et le Datamart de Consommation Inter-Régime (DCIR). Notre objectif se décline en trois axes. Axe 1 : En France un couple 1 sur 4 ne parvient pas à obtenir une grossesse après 12 mois d’essai. Mais quelle est la proportion de femmes traitées pour infertilité ? Le recours global aux traitements de l’infertilité est méconnu en France et dans le monde. Nous avons mesuré le recours annuel aux traitements de l’infertilité. Chaque année, entre 2008 et 2017, 1,25% des femmes de 20-49 ans ont été traitées pour infertilité en France.Derrière un taux très stable sur la décennie, se cache une augmentation de 24% du recours chez les femmes de 34 ans et plus. Axe 2 : Les coûts des traitements de l’infertilité sont pris en charge à 100 % par l’assurance maladie en France. Cependant, la littérature internationale suggère l’existence possible d’un non-accès à l’AMP, même en cas de couverture des coûts. Dans notre étude, nous avons mis en évidence que 70% des femmes en échec d’induction de l’ovulation n’accédaient pas à la FIV. Le désavantage social, la défavorisation de la zone de résidence, les âges jeunes et les âges avancés augmentent le risque de non-accès à la FIV. Axe 3 : Le dernier axe aborde l’abandon précoce des traitements d’infertilité (durant le premier trimestre suivant l’initiation de l’induction de l’ovulation). Le taux d’abandon précoce de l’induction de l’ovulation a été estimé à 30%. Une analyse stratifiée sur le type d’inducteur et de prescripteur a mis en évidence qu’une bonne prise en charge ou suivi diminuent les risques d’abandon tandis que l’âge avancé augmente ce risque. Par ailleurs, il existe une forte interaction entre le type d’inducteur et de prescripteur et la prise charge. La question des inégalités sociales est souvent un angle mort de la prise en charge de l’infertilité qu’il apparaît essentiel d’investiguer dans de nouvelles recherches
More than 50 million couples suffer from infertility worldwide. The increase of infertility in developed countries is mainly due to postponing the age of parenthood. Two main stages in the infertility care pathway can be identified: ovulation induction treatments and assisted reproductive technology (ART), which are respectively the first and second-line treatments. ART is relatively well-known, while ovulation induction remains unexplored due to the lack of available data sources. This dissertation explores infertility treatments by considering both ovulation induction and ART, using. the French National Health Insurance Database, recently opened to research. In particular, we used the general sample of beneficiaries (EGB) and the Inter-Regime Consumption Datamart (DCIR). We achieved our objective by focusing on three axes. Axis 1: In France, one in four couples fails to achieve pregnancy after 12 months of trying, but what is the proportion of women treated for infertility? The overall use of infertility treatment is unknown in France and around the world. Among women aged 20–49, 1.25% were treated for infertility between 2008 and 2017. The stability of infertility treatment use over the decade conceals an increase of 24% in use among women aged 34 and over. Axis 2: In France, infertility treatment costs are fully covered by the national health insurance. However, international publications have suggested the existence of barriers to accessing ART, even in context of free treatment. In our study, we estimated that 70% of women for whom ovulation induction treatment was not successful did not have access to IVF. We show that social disadvantage, deprivation in the area of residence, young ages and advanced ages increase the risk of non-access to IVF. Axis 3: The final axis deals with the early discontinuation of ovulation induction (in the first semester following initiation of ovulation induction). The rate of early discontinuation was estimated to be 30%. A stratified analysis of the type of, the ovulation inductors used and the prescriber showed that good management or monitoring of infertility care reduces the risk of early discontinuation, while advanced age increases this risk. There is also a strong interaction between the type of ovulation inductors and prescriber and management or monitoring of infertility care. The issue of social inequalities is often a blind spot in infertility care that appears essential to investigate in future research
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48

Pansera, Melissa. "Glucose transporter 1 expression, induction and transcriptional regulation in the granulosa cells of ovulating follicles in mice." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=123164.

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In response to the preovulatory luteinizing hormone (LH) surge, granulosa cells of ovulating follicles undergo luteinization resulting in the formation of the corpus luteum (CL). During this process granulosa cells acquire the steroidogenic ability to synthesize progesterone, which is an energetically demanding process. Indeed, LH is known to increase glucose uptake in the luteinized rat ovary, but the mechanisms have not been explored. Glucose uptake by cells is mediated by a family of facilitative glucose transporter (GLUT) proteins. These proteins facilitate the bi-directional passive transport of glucose. Of the 14 GLUTs, isoforms 1-4 are the best characterized. Glucose transporter isoforms have been identified in ovarian cells, but there remains controversy and uncertainty as to which isoforms are expressed in granulosa cells. The developmental profiles of GLUTs throughout the follicular and luteal phases, along with their transcriptional regulation have not been explored in granulosa cells. This research aimed to identify GLUT isoforms found in granulosa cells at specific stages of ovarian development using the mouse model. Preliminary experiments showed that the glucose transporter 1 isoform displayed an interesting profile and consequently this isoform is the focus of this study.Immature female mice were superstimulated using the exogenous hormones equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) and human CG (hCG), which promote follicular development and ovulation, respectively. Granulosa cells were collected by follicular puncture at specific time-points during superovulation. The mRNA profiles for the 4 Glut isoforms was carried out using quantitative PCR (qPCR). Following the identification of Glut1 in granulosa cells, the Fluorescent glucose cell-based uptake kit (Cayman Chemicals) was used to determine the glucose uptake of granulosa cells in primary culture. Pharmacological inhibition of the MAPK and mTOR pathways was carried out to identify the signaling cascade involved in Glut1 expression. Comparative bioinformatic analysis was used to determine transcriptional regulation of the mouse Glut1 promoter region, followed by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) to validate the in silico results. This study confirms the LH-stimulated glucose uptake, shows for the first time in granulosa cells that Glut1 is potentially responsible for increased glucose uptake after the LH surge and outlines the signaling pathways involved in Glut1 expression and transcription.
En réponse à l'augmentation pré-ovulatoire de l'hormone lutéinisante (LH) , les cellules de la granulosa des follicules ovulatoires subissent la lutéinisation et forment le corps jaune (CL). Au cours de ce processus, les cellules de la granulosa acquièrent la capacité de synthétiser le progestérone, un processus qui nécessite beaucoup d'énergie. En effet, la LH est connu pour sont effet stimulant sur l'absorption du glucose dans l'ovaire lutéinisé chez le rat, mais les mécanismes n'ont pas été explorés. L'absorption du glucose par les cellules est médiée par une famille de transporteurs de glucose (GLUT) qui permettent le transport passif de glucose. Les isoformes Glut 1-4 sont les mieux caractérisées. Les isoformes de Gluts ont été identifiées dans les cellules ovariennes, mais il n'est pas clair quelles isoformes sont exprimées dans les cellules de la granulosa. Les profils d'expression des isoformes Gluts au cours du développement folliculaire et lutéale, aussi bien que leur régulation transcriptionnelle, n'ont pas été explorés dans les cellules de la granulosa. La présente recherche vise à identifier les isoformes des Gluts trouvées dans les cellules de la granulosa à des étapes spécifiques de la dynamique de l'ovaire chez la souris. L'eCG et l' hCG qui favorisent le développement folliculaire et l'ovulation, respectivement, ont été administrées à des souris femelle immatures. L'abondance de l'ARNm des quatre isoformes Glut dans des cellules de la granulosa ont été recueillies aux points de contrôle spécifiques au cours du cycle oestral. Suite à l'identification de Glut1 dans les cellules de la granulosa, le kit Fluorescent glucose cell-based uptake kit (Cayman Chemicals) a été utilisé pour déterminer l'absorption du glucose par les cellules de la granulosa en culture primaire.L'inhibition pharmacologique de MAPK et mTOR a été effectuée afin d'identifier la cascade de signalisation impliquée dans l'expression de Glut1. L'analyse bioinformatique a été utilisée pour déterminer la régulation transcriptionnelle du promoteur de Glut1 de la souris, suivie par l'immunoprécipitation de la chromatine (ChIP) pour valider ces résultats in silico. Cette étude confirme que l'absorption de glucose est en effet stimulée par la LH, montre pour la première fois dans les cellules de la granulosa que Glut1 est potentiellement responsable de l'augmentation de l'absorption du glucose après le pic de LH et décrit les voies de signalisation impliquées dans l'expression et la transcription de Glut1.
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49

Tararbit, Karim. "Assistance médicale à la procréation et cardiopathies congénitales : études en population." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA11T024/document.

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A partir de données en population, nous avons: 1) évalué le risque de cardiopathies congénitales (CC) chez les fœtus conçus par assistance médicale à la procréation (AMP); et 2) déterminé les effets de l’AMP sur la prise en charge prénatale et le devenir périnatal des fœtus porteurs de CC. Nous avons observé que l'AMP était associée à une augmentation de 40% du risque de CC sans anomalies chromosomiques associées (OR ajusté = 1,4 IC95% 1,1-1,7). Nous avons également retrouvé qu'il existait des associations variables selon la catégorie de CC et la méthode d'AMP considérées. Nous avons observé que l'AMP était associée à une multiplication par 2,4 du risque de tétralogie de Fallot (OR ajusté = 2,4 IC95% 1,5-3,7), alors que nous n’avons pas retrouvé d’association statistiquement significative pour les trois autres CC spécifiques étudiées. Dans notre population, l'exposition à l'AMP ne semblait pas modifier le recours au diagnostic prénatal et à l'interruption médicale de grossesse chez les fœtus porteurs de CC comparés aux fœtus porteurs de CC conçus spontanément. Nous avons par ailleurs observé que le risque de prématurité des fœtus porteurs de CC conçus par AMP était environ 5 fois plus élevé que celui des fœtus porteurs de CC conçus spontanément (OR ajusté = 5,0 IC95% 2,9-8,6). En nous basant sur une méthodologie d'analyses de cheminement, nous avons retrouvé que les grossesses multiples contribuaient pour environ 20% au risque plus élevé de tétralogie de Fallot associé à l'AMP que nous avons observé. Enfin, les grossesses multiples contribuaient pour environ 2/3 du risque de prématurité associé à l'AMP chez les fœtus porteurs de CC
Using population-Based data, we: 1) assessed the risk of congenital heart defects (CHD) in assisted reproductive techniques (ART) conceived fetuses; and 2) evaluated the effects of ART on prenatal management and perinatal outcomes of fetuses with CHD. We observed that ART were associated with a 40% increased risk of CHD without associated chromosomal anomalies (adjusted OR = 1.4 95%CI 1.1-1.7). We also found varying associations between the different methods of ART and categories of CHD. We observed that ART were associated with 2.4-Higher odds of tetralogy of Fallot (adjusted OR = 2.4 95%CI 1.5-3.7), whereas no statistically significant association was found for the three other specific CHD included. In our population, ART exposure did not seem to modify prenatal diagnosis and termination of pregnancy for fetal anomaly in fetuses with CHD compared to fetuses with CHD conceived spontaneously. The risk for premature birth in fetuses with CHD conceived following ART was 5-Fold higher as compared to fetuses with CHD conceived spontaneously (adjusted OR = 5.0 95%CI 2.9-8.6). Using a path-Analysis method, we found that multiple pregnancies contributed for about 20% to the higher risk of tetralogy of Fallot associated with ART that we had found. Finally, multiple pregnancies contributed for the 2/3 of the risk of premature birth associated with ART in fetuses with CHD
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50

Crepaldi, Gabriel Armond. "Eficácia de diferentes protocolos de indução da ovulação e de intervalos de inseminação em vacas de corte submetidas à IATF." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10131/tde-17122009-133943/.

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Objetivando reduzir o manejo em protocolos de inseminação artificial em tempo fixo (IATF), quatro experimentos foram realizados para avaliar a dinâmica folicular (Experimentos 1A e 1B) e a taxa de concepção (TC; Experimentos 2, 3 e 4) em vacas de corte tratadas com Cipionato (CE) ou Benzoato (BE) de estradiol como indutores da ovulação. No Experimento 1A, 51 animais receberam 2mg de BE e um dispositivo intravaginal de progesterona (DIB) novo no D0. No D8, os animais foram distribuídos entre quatro tratamentos (G-BE8, G-BE8,5, G-BE9 e G-CE8). Neste dia, o dispositivo foi removido, 0,530mg de Cloprostenol e 300UI de eCG foram administrados [manhã (M) no G-BE8, G-CE8 e G-BE9; tarde (T) no G-BE8,5]. As vacas do G-CE8 receberam 1,0mg de CE, as do G-BE8 e G-BE8,5 receberam 1,0mg de BE na retirada do DIB, e aquelas do G-BE9 receberam 1,0mg de BE 24 horas após. Análises ultra-sonográficas foram realizadas a cada 12 horas, da retirada do dispositivo até a ovulação. Foram utilizados os PROC GLM e GLIMMIX do SAS para análise estatística. Nos experimentos não foram observadas interações. Os resultados para G-BE8, G-CE8, G-BE8,5 e G-BE9 foram, respectivamente: diâmetro do folículo ovulatório (FO;11,9±0,4b; 14,3±0,4a; 12,3±0,4b; e 13,3±0,abmm; P=0,01), taxa de ovulação (TO;100%; 90,0%; 100% e 91,7%; P=0,99] e intervalo retirada/ovulação (IRO;58,3±2,1b; 72,0±2,0a; 57,6±1,3b e 72,0±0,0ah; p<0,001). No Experimento 1B (n=35), foi utilizado arranjo fatorial 3x3 [números de uso do DIB vs protocolos de indução da ovulação (PIO)]. No D0, os animais foram divididos em três grupos [DIB novo (DIBN), usado 8 (DIB8) e 16 dias (DIB16)]. Na retirada do DIB, os animais foram redistribuídos para os PIOs descritos no Experimento 1A (exceto G-BE8). Os resultados para G-CE8, G-BE8,5 e G-BE9 foram, respectivamente: FO (14,0±0,6; 13,8±0,6 e 13,6±0,5mm; P=0,88), TO [81,8%; 83,3% e 83,3%; P=0,93] e IRO (72,0±2,0a; 59,6±1,6b e 73,2±1,2ah; p<0,01). Os resultados para DIBN, DIB8 e DIB16 foram respectivamente: FO (13,8±0,7; 13,5±0,6 e 13,9±0,5mm; P=0,99), TO [90,9%; 83,3% e 75,0%; P=0,93] e IRO (74,4±1,6a; 72,0±0,0ab e 68,0±2,0bh; P=0,02). No Experimento 2, 584 animais foram alocados em fatorial 3x2 [PIO (CE8, BE8,5 e BE9) e período de IATF (IATF-M ou IATF-T)], utilizando DIBN. Não houve diferença na TC: CE8 (57,5%), BE9 (59,9%) e BE8,5 (49,5%; P=0,09) e IATF M (56,6%) ou T (54,8%; P=0,66). No Experimento 3, 521 vacas foram divididas como no Experimento 2, porém com DIB8. Não houve diferença na TC nos PIOs: CE8 (47,3%), BE9 (53,3%) e BE8,5 (55,2%; P=0,10). Porém, houve diferença na TC para IATF-M (60,7%) ou IATF-T (48,3%; P=0,01). No Experimento 4, 1192 vacas foram distribuídas em fatorial 2x3x2 (DIBN e DIB8; BE8,5, BE9 e CE8; IATF-M e IATF-T). Não houve diferença na TC para: IATF-M (64,6%) ou IATF-T (59,5%; P=0,06) e PIOs; CE8 (65,8%), BE9 (61,8%) e BE8,5 (58,6%; P=0,12). Entretanto, houve diferença na TC (P=0,04) para uso do DIB; DIBN (65,0%) e DIB8 (59,4%). Esses resultados indicam que os PIOs apresentam mesma eficiência. Com DIB8, a IATF-T apresentou menor TC e o uso de DIB8 resultou em menor TC do que DIBN.
Aiming to minimize the number of handling during protocols for fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI), four experiments were performed to evaluate the follicular dynamics (Experiments 1A and 1B) and conception rate (CR; Experiments 2, 3 e 4) in beef cows treated with estradiol cypionate (EC) or benzoate (EB) as ovulation inducers. In Experiment 1A, 51 animals received 2mg of EB and a new intravaginal progesterone device (DIB) on D0. On D8, animals were assigned into four treatments (G-EB8, G-EB8.5, G-EB9 and G-EC8). On the same day, the device was removed, 0.530mg of Cloprostenol and 300UI of eCG were administered [morning (AM) - G-EB8, G-EC8 and G-EB9; afternoon (PM) - G-EB8.5]. Cows of G-EC8 received 1.0mg of EC, while G-EB8 and G-EB8.5 received 1.0mg of EB at DIB removal, and those of G-EB9 received 1.0mg of EB 24h later. Ultrasonography was performed every 12h from DIB removal until ovulation. Statistical analysis was performed using PROC GLM and PROC GLIMMIX (SAS). No interactions were observed between treatments. Results of G-EB8, G-EC8, G-EB8.5 and G-EB9 were, respectively: diameter of ovulatory follicle (OF;11.9±0.4b; 14.3±0.4a; 12.3±0.4b; and 13.3±0.6abmm; P=0.01), ovulation rate (OR; 100%; 90.0%; 100% and 91.7%; P=0.99) and interval between device removal-ovulation (IRO; 58.3±2.1b; 72.0±2.0a; 57.6±1.3b and 72.0±0.0ah; p<0.001). Experiment 1B (n=35) was performed using a fatorial design 3x3 [DIB reutilization and ovulation inducer (OI)]. On D0, animals were allocated into three groups [new DIB (DIBN), used 8 (DIB8) and 16 days (DIB16)]. At DIB removal, animals were reallocated into the same OIs described on Experiment 1A, except by the G-EB8. The results of G-EC8, G-EB8.5 and G-EB9 were, respectively: OF (14.0±0.6; 13.8±0.6 and 13.6±0.5mm; P=0.88), OR [81.8%; 83.3% and 83.3%; P=0.93], and IRO (72.0±2.0a; 59.6±1.6b and 73.2±1.2ah; p<0.01). Results of DIBN, DIB8 and DIB16 were, respectively: OF (13.8±0.7; 13.5±0.6 and 13.9±0.5mm; P=0.99), OR (90.9%; 83.3% and 75.0%; P=0.93), and IRO (74.4±1.6a; 72.0±0.0ab and 68.0±2.0bh; P=0.02). At Experiment 2, 584 animals were allocated into a 3x2 fatorial design [OI (EC8, EB8.5 and EB9) and FTAI period (FTAI-AM or FTAI-PM)], being treated with DIBN. There was no difference on CR: EC8 (57.5%), EB9 (59.9%) and EB8.5 (49.5%; P=0.09) and IATF AM (56.6%) or PM (54.8%; P=0.66). On Experiment 3, 521 cows were allocated into the same experimental design of Experiment 2, however using DIB8. There was no difference on CR between different OIs: EC8 (47.3%), EB9 (53.3%) and EB8.5 (55.2%; P=0.10). However, there was difference on CR between FTAI-AM (60.7%) and FTAI-AM (48.3%; P=0.01). On Experiment 4, 1192 cows assigned into a 2x3x2 fatorial design (DIBN and DIB8; EB8.5, EB9 and C8; FTAI-AM and FTAI-PM). No differences were found on CR between FTAI-AM (64.6%) or FTAI-PM (59.5%; P=0.06), and OIs; EC8 (65.8%), EB9 (61.8%) and EB8.5 (58.6%; P=0.12). Cows treated with DIBN showed higher CR when compared to those treated with DIB8 (65.8 vs. 59.4%, respectively; P=0.04). These results indicate a similar efficiency using different OIs. Using DIB8, the FTAI-PM showed lower CR. Also the protocol using DIB8 resulted in lower CR than using DIBN.
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