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Gibbons, John, and Leigh Anne Busbee. "Ovulation Synchronization in Sheep." Biology of Reproduction 81, Suppl_1 (July 1, 2009): 586. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolreprod/81.s1.586.
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Kishida, K., T. Nishisouzu, S. Aoki, M. Iwata, O. Dochi, and H. Koyama. "337THE ONSET AND DURATION OF OVULATION IN DAIRY COWS SUPEROVULATED FOLLOWING SYNCHRONIZATION OF FOLLICLE WAVE WITH CIDR AND ESTRADIOL BENZOATE." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 16, no. 2 (2004): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv16n1ab337.
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Determining the optimal time for AI of superovulated cattle is important for yielding acceptable fertilization rates. The objectives of this study were to determine the interval to onset, and the duration of ovulation in dairy cows superstimulated with FSH following synchronization of follicular wave emergence with a CIDR and estradiol benzoate (EB). Holstein (n=8) and Jersey (n=1) cows received an intravaginal progesterone insert (CIDR-B, InterAg, Hamilton, New Zealand) combined with an injection of 2mg EB at a random stage of the estrous cycle (Day 0). Superstimulatory treatments were initiated on Day 6 with a total dose of 24 or 36mg FSH (Antrin, Denka, Kawasaki, Japan) via twice-daily i.m. injections in decreasing doses for 4 days. At 72h after the first FSH injection, 30mg PGF (Pronalgon F, Pharmacia, Tsukuba, Japan) was administered, and CIDR-B were removed at 80h. Transrectal ultrasonography of ovaries was performed at 3-h intervals from 40 to 77h after the PGF injection. The numbers of ovulations were counted as previously described (Purwantara et al. 1994 Anim. Reprod. Sci. 37, 1–5). All detected follicles were counted and classified as small, medium, or large (diameter 2–4mm, 5–9mm, or ≥10mm, respectively). The number of ovulations recorded after each scanning was defined as the change in the number of large- and medium-sized follicles observed since the previous scanning. Data were analyzed using ANOVA. Results are presented in Table 1. There were two patterns of ovulations: one was a concentrated pattern of ovulations (ovulatory period <10h); the other was a prolonged pattern of ovulations (ovulatory period >10h). In cows with a high superovulatory response (≥14 ovulations), the onset of ovulation was earlier (P<0.05) and the duration of the ovulatory period was longer (P<0.05) than in cows with lower (≤8 ovulations) responses. In conclusion, concentrated and prolonged ovulation patterns were seen in dairy cows superstimulated after synchronization of the follicle wave with a CIDR and EB. In cows with a large number of follicles, the onset of ovulation tended to be earlier and the duration of the ovulatory period longer than in cows with fewer follicles. Table 1 The onset and duration of ovulation in dairy cows superstimulated following synchronization of the follicle wave with a CIDR and EB
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Aali, M., J. A. Small, G. Giritharan, N. Ramakrishnappa, K. M. Cheng, and R. Rajamahendran. "In vitro assessment of corpus luteum function in cattle following Ovsynch and CIDR ovulation synchronization protocols." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 84, no. 4 (December 1, 2004): 721–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a03-044.
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Non-lactating beef cows (N = 40) were used to determine in vitro production of progesterone by CLs collected on days 6–8, 13–15 and 19–20, following Ovsynch or CIDR ovulation synchronization protocols. Progesterone released by the CL tissues into the medium was measured after 1 h of incubation (control) and after 6 h of hormone treatments (LH, PGF2α or LH + PGF2α). In vitro progesterone production did not differ (P > 0.05) between Ovsynch and CIDR ovulation synchronization protocols. Pooled data, irrespective of ovulation synchronization treatments, showed interaction (P < 0.05) between hormone treatment and stage of CL. Key words: Corpus luteum, progesterone, cows, ovulation synchronization
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Ferraz, Priscila A., Mariana A. A. Silva, Bia S. S. Carôso, Endrigo A. B. Araujo, Thereza C. B. S. C. Bittencourt, Marcos Chalhoub, Rodrigo F. Bittencourt, and Antonio L. Ribeiro Filho. "Effect of eCG on the follicular dynamics and vascularization of crossbred cows with different circulating progesterone concentrations during synchronization of ovulation in an FTAI protocol." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 39, no. 5 (May 2019): 324–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5520.
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ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of treatment with equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) on the follicular dynamics and function of crossbred cows with different circulating progesterone (P4) concentrations during synchronization of ovulation in a fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) protocol. To this end, 30 crossbred cows were submitted to a pre-synchronization protocol to ensure that all of them presented corpus luteum (CL) at the beginning of the protocol, and were evaluated by transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) to verify the presence of CL. After that, the animals underwent an ovulation synchronization protocol and evaluation of follicular dynamics and vascularization by B-mode and power-Doppler ultrasound (US). High plasma P4 concentrations at the time of ovulation synchronization negatively influenced follicle diameter on day 10 (D10), preovulatory follicle diameter, and preovulatory follicle wall vascularization area (p<0.05). Cows with high P4 concentration at the time of ovulation synchronization that were treated with eCG showed follicle diameter on D10 and preovulatory follicle diameter and wall vascularization area (p>0.05) similar to those of animals with low P4 concentration at the time of ovulation synchronization. Therefore, high P4 concentrations at the time of ovulation synchronization negatively influence follicular diameter and vascularization, and eCG can be used as a strategy to favor better follicular and luteal response in crossbred cows with high P4 concentrations submitted to an FTAI protocol.
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Bruno-Galarraga, Macarena, Virginia Cano-Moreno, Beatriz Lago-Cruz, Teresa Encinas, Antonio Gonzalez-Bulnes, and Paula Martinez-Ros. "The Use of hCG for Inducing Ovulation in Sheep Estrus Synchronization Impairs Ovulatory Follicle Growth and Fertility." Animals 11, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): 984. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11040984.
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Currently, there is an intense effort to find an alternative hormone to eCG to induce ovulation after estrus synchronization treatments in sheep. One of the proposed alternatives is based on the use of hCG, but the results are controversial since fertility rates are commonly affected. The present study aims to evaluate, therefore, the adequacy of hCG in protocols for the synchronization of estrus and ovulation. Ovarian follicle dynamics, occurrence of estrus behavior and subsequent ovulation, quality of corpora lutea, and pregnancy rate after controlled natural mating were assessed in two consecutive trials. The findings indicate that the low fertility rates reported for the protocols based on the administration of hCG for inducing ovulation during estrus synchronization in sheep may be related to a high occurrence of abnormal follicular growth patterns, disturbances, and retardments of ovulation and concomitant formation of follicular cysts in the treated females. These results preclude their practical application to induce ovulation concomitantly to estrous synchronization treatments.
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Silva, Otávia Reis, Marco Roberto Bourg de Mello, Lara Nogueira Silenciato, Joaquim Esquerdo Ferreira, Samuel Rodrigues Bonamichi do Couto, Rosane Scatamburlo Lizieire Fajardo, and Osvaldo De Almeida Resende. "Comparison of estradiol benzoate and cypionate in Girolando cows submitted to a timed artificial insemination." Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science 56, no. 3 (October 10, 2019): e155078. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2019.155078.
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The various studies on the manipulation of the estrous cycle culminated in the development of estrous and ovulation synchronization protocols, to the point of defining an optimum moment for artificial insemination. The induction of ovulation is a primordial part for the determination of the moment of the TAI, so to study which hormones and how they behave allows a better understanding of this physiological process and, to manipulate it efficiently. The aim of the present study was to compare the use of estradiol benzoate (EB) and cypionate (ECP) as ovulation inducer in Girolando cows submitted to Timed Artificial Insemination (TAI). Ovulations of 108 Girolando cows were synchronized and the initial day of treatment, recorded as D0, which was when the animals received an intravaginal device containing 1g of progestogen and an intramuscular application (im) of 2mg of EB. After 8 days (D8), the device was removed and 500μg of cloprostenol (im) was administered to all females. Then, the animals were randomly divided into two treatments: BG Group (n = 52) and CG Group (n = 56). The CG animals received 1mg of ECP (im) as the ovulation inducer at the time of device removal, while BG Group cows received 1mg of EB (im) 24 h later (D9). TAI occurred at D10. After device removal, ultrasound evaluations were performed every 12 h up to ovulation. The following reproductive parameters were evaluated: interval from intravaginal device removal to ovulation - IDO (hours); interval from ovulation to TAI-IOT (hours); diameter of the largest follicle at intravaginal device removal (mm); maximum diameter of the DF (mm) at D10; the dominant follicle growth rate (mm/day); synchronization rate - SR (%); ovulation rate - OR (%) and PR - pregnancy rate (%). Only the ovulation rate presented a statistical difference (p<0.05). In conclusion, despite the ovulation rate difference, both estradiol esters administered were effective and presented similar pregnancy rates in Girolando cows submitted to TAI.
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Martinez-Ros, Paula, and Antonio Gonzalez-Bulnes. "Efficiency of CIDR-Based Protocols Including GnRH Instead of eCG for Estrus Synchronization in Sheep." Animals 9, no. 4 (April 3, 2019): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9040146.
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The present study examined, for meat sheep (Segureña breed; 2–5-years old, mean body score of 3.5 ± 0.5), the timings of onset of estrus behavior, preovulatory luteinizing hormone (LH) surge and ovulation, and the ovulation rate and fertility obtained after insertion of controlled internal drug release (CIDR) devices for 5 days plus treatment with equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG; single dose at CIDR removal, n = 19 ewes) or gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH, either in a single dose at 56 h after CIDR removal, group CIDR-GnRH, n = 19 ewes; or in one dose at CIDR insertion and another dose 56 h after CIDR removal, group GnRH-CIDR-GnRH, n = 19 ewes). In all the ewes, the appearance of estrus behavior ranged between 84% and 90% and all females showing estrus signs had subsequent preovulatory LH peaks and ovulations. Onset of these events was earlier in the CIDR-eCG group than in the CIDR-GnRH and GnRH-CIDR-GnRH groups (p < 0.05). These differences were mainly determined by the onset of estrus behavior, since timing and intervals of LH peak and ovulation were similar among treatments. In fact, the range of ovulations was narrower in the GnRH-CIDR-GnRH group, which suggests better synchronization of follicular growth (p < 0.05). In conclusion, protocols with two doses of GnRH offer similar yields to eCG protocols.
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Stuhr, Bhárbara Delboni, Isaac Santos Gil, Tracy Ferreira Lacerda, Mauricio Gomes Favoreto, and Bárbara Loureiro. "Consequences of eight consecutive applications of equine chorionic gonadotropin on ovarian follicle development and ovulation in bos indicus cows." Ciência Rural 46, no. 11 (August 15, 2016): 2018–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20160091.
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ABSTRACT: The equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) is a glycoprotein produced in mare endometrial calices. In bovine, it is used in estrus synchronization protocols. However, studies have shown that it is potentially immunogenic and its effect can decrease after repetitive use. This study aimed to evaluate antral follicle dynamics, corpus luteum (CL) and ovulation rate in bos indicus cows submitted to an estrus synchronization protocol in association with eCG for eight times consecutively. Ten cyclical, multiparous, and pasture raised beef cows were divided into two groups: control group (n=5) and eCG group (n=5). In 30 day interval, all animals were synchronized with the same estrogen/progesterone based protocol, totalizing 8 re-synchronizations. Cows in the treatment group received 300IU eCG 48 hours prior to the presumable ovulation. Ultrassound examinations were performed on Day 4 of the protocol (approximately 1.5 days after follicle recruitment) to count antral follicles, on Day 10, to count antral follicles and to measure size of the largest follicle and on Day 18 to measure the diameter of the CL. No difference (P>0.05) between follicular growth and size of the pre-ovulatory follicle was reported between groups. Cows treated with eCG had a larger (P<0.05) CL and increased (P<0.05) ovulation rate (18mm and 92%, respectively) when compared with control group (14.1mm and 80%, respectively). Furthermore, consecutive treatments did not affect CL nor ovulation rates. In conclusion, eCG treatment increased CL size and ovulation rate even after 8 consecutive treatments.
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Brogliatti, G. M., H. Lagomarsino, and G. P. Adams. "Follicle ablation for ovulation synchronization in cattle." Theriogenology 49, no. 1 (January 1998): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0093-691x(98)90692-6.
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Wiltbank, Milo C., and J. Richard Pursley. "The cow as an induced ovulator: Timed AI after synchronization of ovulation." Theriogenology 81, no. 1 (January 2014): 170–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.09.017.
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Viau, P., M. B. Paes de Barros, L. M. K. Dias, S. S. Nicolau, C. T. Marino, and C. A. Oliveira. "174 EVALUATION OF THE 9-DAY PROTOCOL FOR ESTROUS SYNCHRONIZATION IN SANTA INÊS EWES." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 23, no. 1 (2011): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv23n1ab174.
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The objective of the present study was to characterise follicular dynamics in Santa Ines (SI) during a 9-day protocol for oestrous synchronization and to evaluate the efficiency of the vaginal progesterone-releasing device Primer-PR® (Tecnopec, Brazil). Cyclic females were used (n = 10) at the ruminant sector of the veterinary hospital of the FMVZ–USP, in March 2009. The animals had body scores between 2.5 and 3 and were of proven fertility. Ultrasound examinations were performed using an ALOKA SSD-500 Scanner (Berger, Brazil) with a linear 5.0-MHz transducer, attached to a handle to allow safe intrarectal manipulation. Examinations were performed daily from 3 days (D-3) before the day of device placement (D0) until the day of device removal (D9), and twice daily from device removal until ovulation. All ewes received 0.03 mg of prostaglandin (D-cloprostenol, Prolise®, Tecnopec, Brazil) on D9. Ovulation was assessed by the disappearance of the growing larger follicle or follicles present in the previous examinations. Oestrous detection was performed using an intact male 3 times a day (at 10:00 a.m., 6:00 p.m., and 12:00 p.m.) from D9 until the last acceptant ewe, and blood samples were taken by jugular puncture for progesterone (P4) measurement by radioimmunoassay on solid phase (COAT-A-COUNT, Siemens, USA) from D-3 until the day of ovulation. Data were analysed by Shapiro–Wilk (PROC UNIVARIATE) using the SAS program (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA, 2001) and shown as mean ± standard deviation. Plasma P4 concentrations between D0 and D9 were 6.56 ± 2.32 ng mL–1, peaking between D3 and D5 (8.07 ± 2.31 ng mL–1). Oestrous behaviour was shown 45.6 ± 12.71 h after Primer-PR® removal. The first and the last ewe that showed oestrous behaviour was at 30 h and 66 h after Primer-PR® removal, respectively, and the majority of ewes (50%) at 42 h. Oestrous lasted 26.40 ± 9.47 h, and the majority of ewes (70%) showed oestrous behaviour during 24 h. Ovulation occurred 73 ± 14.38 h after Primer–PR® removal and 1.3 ± 0.48 ovulations per animal were observed. From all growing presumptively dominant follicles observed, 92.3% of them ovulated. When double ovulations occurred (n = 3), the interval between first and second ovulation was 16 ± 6.93 h. Emergence of the ovulatory follicular wave occurred at 8.5 days + 16 h after Primer–PR® insertion. The follicles observed to continue growing had a diameter of 3.48 ± 0.28 mm when they were first detected and reached 5.63 ± 0.66 mm, with a growth rate of 0.73 ± 0.43 mm per day. A standard follicle wave within the 9-day protocol was not possible to determine, and the follicles receded in up to 4 days. In conclusion, placement of a Primer-PR® device for 9 days resulted in synchronous oestrus and ovulation in Santa Inês ewes. FAPESP, CAPES, Tecnopec.
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Tibary, Ahmed, Cristian Patino, and Michela Ciccarelli. "SYNCHRONIZATION OF ESTRUS AND OVULATION IN DAIRY CATTLE." SPERMOVA 9, no. 1 (August 31, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18548/aspe/0007.01.
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Cartmill, J. A., S. E. Zarkouny, Hensley, and Jeffrey S. Stevenson. "Anestrus in lactating dairy cows before ovulation synchronization." Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports, no. 2 (January 1, 2000): 62–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.3201.
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Zwiefelhofer, E. M., W. Lillico, and G. P. Adams. "12 Ovulation Timing Following an Aromatase Inhibitor-Based Synchronization Protocol in Beef Heifers and Cows." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 30, no. 1 (2018): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv30n1ab12.
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The study was conducted to determine the effects of parity/lactation and the timing of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) treatment on the efficacy of a non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor-based synchronization protocol in cattle. Results from previous studies confirmed drug-release from a new letrozole-impregnated intravaginal silicone device, which was used in the present study. Hereford-cross cows with suckling calves (41 to 65 days postpartum; n = 30) and sexually mature heifers (n = 30), at random stages of the oestrous cycle, were given a letrozole intravaginal device for 4 days followed by a luteolytic dose of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α). Following PGF2α treatment, animals were assigned randomly to 3 groups and given GnRH (100 μg of gonadorelin) intramuscularly at 48 or 60 h, or no GnRH (n = 10 cows and 10 heifers per group). Ovaries were examined by transrectal ultrasonography every 8 h starting at the time of PGF2α treatment to record follicle diameter and ovulation. After ovulation, ultrasonography was done every 24 h until Day 10 (Day 0 = ovulation) to assess the corpus luteum (CL) diameter profile. The timing of ovulation, diameter of the preovulatory follicle, synchrony of ovulation, and Day-7 CL diameter were compared using two-way ANOVA, and CL diameter profiles were compared by two-way ANOVA for repeated measures. There was no treatment × parity/lactation status interaction for any endpoint. The ovulation rate within 96 h of PGF2α treatment was not different between heifers and cows (24/30 v. 27/30; P = 0.14) or treatment group (18/20, 18/20, and 15/20 in the 48 h, 60 h, and no GnRH groups, respectively; P = 0.18). The interval from PGF2α treatment to ovulation was not influenced by parity/lactation (83.1 ± 2.4 h) but was shortest in the GnRH 48 h group (mean ± SEM; 74.2 ± 2.7 h, 85.6 ± 4.8 and 89.2 ± 4.1, respectively; P < 0.05). Similarly, the variation in the interval to ovulation (mean ± s.e.M of residuals) was not influenced by parity/lactation (16.0 ± 2.0 h), but was lower in the GnRH groups than the no-GnRH group (P < 0.01), and tended to be lower (P = 0.1) in the GnRH 48-h v. 60-h group (10.0 ± 2.8, 14.2 ± 3.5, and 24.1 ± 3.1 h, respectively). The maximum diameter of the ovulatory follicle was larger for cows than heifers (17.0 ± 0.4 v. 15.1 ± 0.5; P < 0.01), and was smaller in the GnRH groups than the no-GnRH group (15.3 ± 0.3, 15.4 ± 0.7 and 17.3 ± 0.5 mm, respectively; P < 0.01). The diameter of the CL on Day 7 was larger for cows than heifers (22.3 ± 0.8 v. 20.2 ± 0.6 mm; P < 0.05) and was influenced by treatment (21.9 ± 0.5, 19.5 ± 0.7, 22.3 ± 1.1 mm, respectively; P = 0.05). A tendency for a treatment effect on CL diameter profile (P = 0.1) was attributed to a smaller profile in the GnRH 60-h group. In conclusion, GnRH treatment 48 h after PGF2α treatment increased synchrony of ovulation without adverse effects on ovulating follicle diameter or resulting CL growth, and may be incorporated into a novel steroid-free oestrous synchronization protocol for use in beef heifers and lactating cows. Research was supported by the Alberta Livestock and Meat Agency and Vencofarma, Brazil.
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Adams, G. P., S. X. Yang, J. M. Palomino, and M. Anzar. "122 TIMED ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION IN WOOD BISON USING FROZEN-THAWED SEMEN." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 28, no. 2 (2016): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv28n2ab122.
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Recent progress with methods to control ovulation and semen cryopreservation in Wood Bison was the impetus to test the feasibility of timed AI to facilitate reclamation of this threatened species. A 2 × 2 design was used to compare the efficacy of 2 ovulation synchronization techniques and 2 semen cryopreservation protocols. Female Wood Bison were assigned randomly to 2 groups (n = 24/group) in which ovarian synchronization was induced by ultrasound-guided ablation of follicles >5 mm or intramuscular treatment with 2.5 mg of estradiol 17B + 50 mg of progesterone (E+P) in canola oil. A progesterone-releasing intravaginal device (PRID) was placed at the time of follicle ablation (for 5 days) or E+P treatment (for 8 days) in the respective groups. A luteolytic dose of prostaglandin was given at the time of PRID removal, and 2500 IU of hCG was given IM 3 days later. Bison were inseminated 24 and 36 h after hCG treatment using frozen-thawed semen. The semen was collected by electro-ejaculation from 4 Wood Bison bulls, pooled, and divided into aliquots diluted in either egg-yolk extender (EY) or cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrin extender (CLC). Half the bison in each synchronization group were inseminated with either EY- or CLC-extended semen. Bison were examined by ultrasonography every 12 h beginning on the day of hCG treatment for 3 days or until ovulation was detected, whichever occurred first. Pregnancy diagnosis was made by ultrasonography 34–36 days after insemination. Two bison were excluded during the experiment because of handling difficulty; therefore, the total number of bison used was 46. Ovulation rate and interval to ovulation were compared between synchronization groups by chi-square and t-test, respectively. Pregnancy rates were compared among groups by 2-way ANOVA after transforming data to arcsin. The ovulation rate was not different between synchronization groups [combined mean, 37/46 (80%)], nor was the degree of synchrony, as assessed by the residuals (variation from the mean) in the respective groups. However, the diameter (mean ± standard error of the mean) of the dominant follicle at the time of hCG treatment was smaller in the follicle ablation group than in the E+P group (10.5 ± 0.6 v. 13.9 ± 0.6; P < 0.04), and the interval from hCG treatment to ovulation tended to be longer (35.3 ± 1.6 v. 31.8 ± 1.3 h; P ≤ 0.10). Pregnancy rate was not affected by synchronization procedure, but pregnancy was detected only in the EY-inseminated group (9/23 v. 0/23; P < 0.01). Despite that post-thaw sperm motility was similar for EY and CLC semen (41.7 ± 2.9 and 44.6 ± 3.3%; respectively), CLC-treated semen failed to impregnate bison in vivo. We concluded that synchronization and timed insemination with frozen-thawed semen is feasible in Wood Bison. Of the 23 bison inseminated with EY-extended semen, 21 ovulated (91%), and of those that ovulated 9 became pregnant (43%). Both synchronization schemes were effective, but the ablation protocol may be improved by an additional day between ablation and hCG treatment. We thank Vetoquinol Canada and Merck Animal Health for providing hormone treatments.
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Robeck, T. R., K. J. Steinman, M. Greenwell, K. Ramirez, W. Van Bonn, M. Yoshioka, E. Katsumata, L. Dalton, S. Osborn, and J. K. O'Brien. "Seasonality, estrous cycle characterization, estrus synchronization, semen cryopreservation, and artificial insemination in the Pacific white-sided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens)." REPRODUCTION 138, no. 2 (August 2009): 391–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-08-0528.
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The reproductive physiology of the Pacific white-sided dolphin, Lagenorhynchus obliquidens, was characterized to facilitate the development of artificial insemination (AI) using cryopreserved spermatozoa. Specific objectives were to: 1) describe reproductive seasonality of the Pacific white sided dolphins; 2) describe urinary LH and ovarian steroid metabolites during the estrous cycle; 3) correlate LH and ovarian steroidal metabolite patterns to ultrasound-monitored follicular growth and ovulation; and 4) assess the efficacy of synchronizing estrus, sperm collection/cryopreservation, and intrauterine insemination. Ovulations (64%, n=37) and conceptions (83%, n=18) occurred from August to October. Peak mean serum testosterone (24 ng/ml), cross-sectional testicular area (41.6 cm2), and sperm concentration (144.3×107 sperm/ml) occurred in July, August, and September respectively. Spermatozoa were only found in ejaculates from July to October. Estrous cycles (n=22) were 31 d long and were comprised of a 10 d follicular and 21 d luteal phase. Ovulation occurred 31.2 h after the onset of the LH surge and 19.3 h after the LH peak. Follicular diameter and circumference within 12 h of ovulation were 1.52 and 4.66 cm respectively. Estrus synchronization attempts with altrenogest resulted in 17 (22%) ovulatory cycles with ovulation occurring 21 d post-altrenogest. Ten AI attempts using cryopreserved semen resulted in five pregnancies (50%). The mean gestation length was 356 days (range 348–367). These data provide new information on the Pacific white-sided dolphin's reproductive physiology and collectively enabled the first application of AI in this species.
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Simões, João. "Synchronization of ovulation in goats using prostaglandin F2α based protocols during the breeding season." Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 4, no. 3 (March 2016): 240–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.12980/jclm.4.2016j5-241.
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De Santis, G., E. M. Senatore, and G. A. Presicce. "13FOLLICLE TURNOVER DURING SYNCHRONIZATION TREATMENTS IN MEDITERRANEAN ITALIAN BUFFALOES (BUBALUS BUBALIS)." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 16, no. 2 (2004): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv16n1ab13.
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The utilization of synchronization protocols for ovulation and AI in the buffaloes has not gained a widespread use among breeders due to the usually low conception rates achieved. The tendency to enter into postpartum anestrus in the period of the year characterized by increasing day length further affects the manipulation of their reproductive efficiency. This study, carried out in the months of february to may, was designed to test the hypothesis that newly growing dominant follicles towards the end of synchronization protocols for ovulation, are more competent for establishing pregnancies following AI in cycling and non cycling buffaloes. Animals were checked by ultrasound (7.5MHz linear-array probe and SSD 500 Aloka monitor) for signs of ovarian activity and classified into cycling and not-cycling based on the presence of functional CLs and follicle turnover. Cycling buffalo heifers (CHE; n=30), cycling mixed parity buffaloes (CMP; n=14)and non-cycling mixed parity buffaloes (NCMP; n=17) were selected for a direct comparison between two synchronization protocols. CHE and CMP received two GnRH administrations at Day 0 and 9 and a luteolytic dose of PG2a at Day 7, followed by a single AI at 16h from last GnRH (‘Ovsynch’). NCMP group received a PRID implant for 9 days and 1,000 IU of PMSG at Day 7 followed by two AI at 72 and 96h from PRID removal (‘PRID+PMSG’). Ultrasound monitoring for CMP and CHE of animals was performed at day 0, 2, 4, 7, 9, and day of AI. In NCMP, ultrasound monitoring was continued also at 48, 72, 96, and 120h after PRID removal. Like superscripts (a,b) after % signs indicate significant difference. A follicle >9mm was present in 16/17 NCMP (94.1%a), 14/14 CMP (100%a), and 17/30 CHE (56.6%b; P<0.05) at the beginning of the synchronization protocol (day 0). Demise of the first large follicle recorded at day 0 and presence of a new large follicle at day 7 to 9 leading or not to ovulation, in the ovary ipsilateral or contralateral (‘follicle shift’) occurred in 15/17 (88.2%a), 11/14 (78.5%a), and 14/30 (46.6%b; P<0.05) for NCMP, CMP, and CHE respectively. Synchronized ovulations were recorded in 15/17 (88.2%a), 12/14 (85.7%a), and 26/30 (86.6%a; P>0.05) for NCMP, CMP, and CHE respectively. Conception rates (CR) by ultrasound examination at 25 to 30 days post-insemination were 12/17 (70.5%a), 6/14 (42.8%ab), and 11/30 (36.6%b; P<0.05) for NCMP, CMP, and CHE, respectively. Conceptions derived from follicle shift (either ipsilateral or contralateral) were 11/12 (91.6%a), 5/6 (83.3%a), and 7/11 (63.6%a; P>0.05) for NCMP, CMP, and CHE, respectively. In conclusion, both synchronization protocols in the three groups of buffaloes produced good ovulation and conception rates in the unfavourable period of the year. Most pregnancies resulted from fertilization of oocytes maturing in newly selected growing follicles toward the end of the synchronization protocol, suggesting a higher development competence compared to oocytes in large follicles already available at the beginning of the procedure, not regressing and leading to ovulation.
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Pokrovsky, V. M., E. A. Patrakhanov, P. R. Lebedev, A. V. Belashova, A. Yu Karagodina, A. A. Shabalin, A. V. Nesterov, V. A. Markovskaya, and M. V. Pokrovsky. "ESTIMATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF HORMONE-REGULATING SYNCHRONIZATION OF OVULATION IN FEMALE MICE." Pharmacy & Pharmacology 8, no. 4 (January 31, 2021): 255–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.19163/2307-9266-2020-8-4-255-262.
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The aim of the wok is to assess the efficiency of hormone-regulating synchronization of ovulation in female mice, to increase the number of simultaneously fertilized individuals and obtain their offspring in the planned time frame.Materials and methods. The study was carried out on 180 female mice of three lines – CBA/lac, C57BL/6, BALB/c (n = 60), divided into three subgroups: intact (mating without confirmation of the estrous phase) (n = 20), cytological examination of vaginal secretions before mating with the determination of the estrous phase (n = 20), hormone-regulating synchronization of the estrous cycle with the introduction of progesterone (4.5 mg/100 g) on the 1st and prostaglandin F2α (0.083 mg/100 g) on the 7th day, once from the beginning of the experiment followed by immediate mating (n = 20). The planned date of delivery was considered the 22nd day from the moment of mating. The ovulation synchronization index (OSI) was assessed on the 14th day after mating.Results. On the 14th day from the beginning of the experiment, the ovulation synchronization index in the intact groups of the CBA/lac, C57BL/6, BALB / c lines, was 25%, 25%, 40%, respectively. On the 14th day, the number of pregnant individuals admitted to mating after the established estrus by the method of cytological assessment of vaginal secretions according to OSI, was 65%, 60%, 75%, respectively. In the experimental groups, OSI was 80%, 75%, 100%, respectively. On the 22nd day, the number of delivered females of CBA/lac, C57BL/6, BALB/c lines in the intact group, was 3, 1, 3 individuals; in the control group – 10, 6, 9, and in the experimental group – 16, 15, 17, which is significantly higher than in the control and intact groups (p˂0.05).Conclusion. Hormone-regulating synchronization of ovulation in female mice significantly increases the number of delivered individuals on the 22nd day, relative to those synchronized by estrus by 53%, and to intact groups by 85.5%. It has been revealed that an additional effect of hormonal synchronization of ovulation is an increase in the number of offspring by 120% in comparison with the control groups and by 390% in comparison with the intact groups. This method of timing planning of the offspring birth of the experimental animals reduces the time spent on preclinical studies of drugs for the following types of assessment of toxic effects: reproductive toxicity, embryotoxicity, teratogenicity, effects on fertility.
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Souza, Diego Oliveira, Carmo Emanuel Almeida Biscarde, William Morais Machado, Renan Luiz Albuquerque Vieira, Claudinéia Silva Mendes, Monna Lopes de Araújo, Ana Lúcia Almeida Santana, and Larissa Pires Barbosa. "Application of hormonal subdoses at the Bai Hui acupoint for estrus synchronization in sheep." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 42, no. 4 (May 20, 2021): 2359–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n4p2359.
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Here, the efficiency of applying subdoses of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) and prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) at the Bai Hui (BH) acupoint for estrus synchronization in sheep was evaluated. Thirty Santa Inês ewes received intravaginal sponges containing 60 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate for 7 days. The animals were divided into five treatments (T) (n=6): T1 (control), 132.5 μg PGF2α (100% of dose) and 300 IU eCG (100% of dose), both intramuscularly (IM); T2, 39.75 μg PGF2α (30% of dose) at the BH acupoint and 300 IU eCG (100% of dose) IM; T3, 132.5 μg PGF2α (100% of dose) IM and 90 IU eCG (30% of dose) at the BH acupoint; T4, 39.75 μg PGF2α (30% of dose) and 90 IU eCG (30% of dose), both at the BH acupoint; and T5, 39.75 μg PGF2α (30% of dose) and 90 IU eCG (30% of dose) both at a false acupoint (IM, at the same location as in T1). After 12 h of sponge removal and hormone application, the ewes were subjected to monitoring for estrus and mating and ultrasound assessments of follicular growth and ovulation time every 12 h. The data were evaluated for normality and subjected to analysis of variance, considering a 5% probability. There were no differences in the percentage of animals in estrus (93.3±9.1%), interval from sponge removal to estrus onset (48.1±6.0 h), interval from sponge removal to estrus end (69.6±5.4 h), duration of estrus (24.0±4.7 h), interval from sponge removal to ovulation (73.7±5.9 h), interval from estrus onset to ovulation (26.5±2.3 h), size of the largest follicle (6.7±0.4 mm), follicular growth rate (0.8±0.1 mm•day-1), number of ovulations (1.3±0.1), and plasma progesterone levels 7 days after ovulation (9.6±2.0 ng•mL-1). The cost of the synchronization protocol per animal was US$ 4.37, 4.12, 2.96, 2.71, and 2.71 for T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5, respectively, with 37.99% cost reduction using PGF2α and eCG at 30% of the conventional doses. Therefore, the application of reduced PGF2α (39.75 μg) and eCG (90 IU) doses at the BH or false acupoint effectively synchronized estrus and reduced protocol cost in sheep, indicating that the conventional doses are overestimated.
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Aali, M., T. Pretheeban, G. Giritharan, and R. Rajamahendran. "Pregnancy rates and peripheral progesterone levels following Ovsynch or CIDR ovulation synchronization/timed artificial insemination protocols in postpartum dairy cows." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 88, no. 3 (September 1, 2008): 457–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas07150.
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Peripheral progesterone (P4) concentrations as well as pregnancy rates (PR) between cows treated with Ovsynch or CIDR ovulation synchronization/TAI protocols were compared. Two hundred and twenty-seven postpartum lactating Holstein cows were randomly assigned to Ovsynch (n = 111) or CIDR (n = 116) ovulation synchronization/TAI protocols. Pregnancy was diagnosed by ultrasonography at day 35 after TAI and later confirmed by rectal palpation at day 60 post TAI. Milk samples were taken from the beginning of treatment (day -10) until day 35 after TAI (day 0) for P4 determination. Pregnancy rates for Ovsynch and CIDR groups of cows were 31 and 41%, respectively. The PR of ovulation synchronized cows for Ovsynch and CIDR groups were 49 and 69%, respectively. Progesterone levels during the sampling period were similar (P > 0.05) between Ovsynch and CIDR treated cows. Key words: Pregnancy rate, progesterone, Ovsynch, CIDR, cows
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Brüssow, K. P., and M. Wähner. "Biological and technological background of estrus synchronization and fixed-time ovulation induction in the pig." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 27, no. 3 (2011): 533–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1103533b.
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A technology that allows for manipulating of estrus and ovulation, and would then also allow for fixed-time insemination, can be of great benefit for swine farms that operate using sow batch management. Such technology at least in part, saves labor and permits the production of large batches of evenly developed pigs. Thanks to the current knowledge on endocrine regulation of follicle development and ovulation, and the availability of numerous reproductively active substances such a technology is now available. This 'biotechnology of reproduction' will be reviewed. It covers procedures for synchronizing estrus based on the use of altrenogest in gilts and of batch-wise weaning in sows, for stimulating follicle development using eCG and for inducing of ovulation using hCG or LH as well as GnRH analogues. While the procedures for estrus synchronization stand alone, other procedures require additional treatments. If fixed-time insemination is the goal, estrus needs to be synchronized and follicular development and ovulation induced by the use of GnRH analogues and hCG with ovulation occurring within 36-42 hrs. It is a general recommendation to inseminate those animals twice, i.e. 24 and 40 hrs after ovulation induction. However, the aforementioned technology requires healthy animals and a solid management and cannot be used to compensate for poor management.
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Martinez, M. F., J. P. Kastelic, G. P. Adams, R. B. Cook, and R. J. Mapletoft. "Synchronization of ovulation for fixed-time insemination in heifers." Theriogenology 51, no. 1 (January 1999): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0093-691x(99)91971-4.
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Nisa, Hanifah Khairun, Budiarto Budiarto, Tatang Santanu Adikara, Herry Agoes Hermadi, Soeharsono Soeharsono, and Imam Mustofa. "STIMULASI TITIK REPRODUKSI DENGAN LASERPUNKTUR SEMIKONDUKTOR TERHADAP PENAMPILAN BIRAHI SAPI BALI (Bos sondaicus)." Journal of Basic Medical Veterinary 9, no. 1 (August 1, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/.v9i1.21088.
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This research to know the stimulation of reproduction point with a semiconductor laserpuncture to estrous synchronization of Bali Cattle was conducted in Loka Penelitian Sapi Potong Grati-Pasuruan, East Java. Estrous synchronization is a technique to get the sign of estrous and ovulation (estrous outside of estrous cycle) to be easier to detect estrous, synchronization of breeding, and shorter of calving interval. Laserpuncture was applied on 8 head bali cattles at 14 reproduction acupuncture points, 10 second for each point, 3 times frequency with interval 1 day (20-24 times). The variabel of this assessment were respons and signs of estrous, synchronized of estrous with Chi square test and T-test method. Result showed that there was significant correlation between semiconductor laserpuncture with estrous synchronization (p < 0,05). The result of assessment 8 (100%) head bali cattle was estrous. The respons of estrous appeared 1 head (12,5%) on 5th day (4th day post laserpuncture), 4 head (50%) on 6th day (5th day post laserpuncture) 1 head (12,5) on 8th day (7th day post laserpuncture), and 2 head (25%) on 10th day (9th day post laserpuncture). This result showed that semi conductor laserpuncture technology was effective to stimulate estrous synchronization and resulting ovulation, with the evidence that conception was occurred.
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Souza, Diego Oliveira de, Monna Lopes de Araújo, Carmo Emanuel Almeida Biscarde, Claudinéia da Silva Mendes, Mariana Alves de Andrade Silva, Diana Carolina Moya Romero, Bianor Matias Cardoso Neto, Ana Lúcia Almeida Santana, and Larissa Pires Barbosa. "Use of hormonal subdoses applied in Bai Hui acupuncture in estrus synchronization protocols for goats." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 40, no. 4 (June 7, 2019): 1501. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n4p1501.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of delivering reduced doses of hormones via the Bai Hui acupoint in estrus synchronization in goats. A total of 40 goats received intravaginal sponges with medroxyprogesterone acetate for 7 days. The goats were then randomly distributed into 5 treatment: T1 - application of 132.5 ?g of cloprostenol and 300 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG), both by intramuscular injection (IM); T2 - application of 39.75 ?g cloprostenol at the Bai Hui acupoint, and 300 IU of eCG by IM; T3 - application of 132.5 ?g of cloprostenol by IM, and 90 IU of eCG at the Bai Hui acupoint; T4 - application of 39.75?g of cloprostenol and 90 UI of eCG, both in Bai Hui and T5 acupuncture: application of 39.75?g of cloprostenol and 90 UI of eCG, both applied in false acupoint. The goats were subjected to an estrus synchronization protocol and monitored for estrus detection, coverage and evaluation of reproductive parameters to detect entry into estrus. The data were subjected to normality tests, followed by appropriate statistical analyses of each variable. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the percentage of animals in estrus (95.00 ± 11.18%), interval between sponge removal and beginning of estrus (49.72 ± 8.93 h), interval between sponge removal and end of estrus (76.84 ± 11.98 h), duration of estrus (27.08 ± 8.68 h), size of the largest follicle (6.82 ± 0.44 mm), interval between sponge removal and ovulation (78.28 ± 10.82 h), time from ovarian onset to estrus (28.52 ± 5.44 h), follicular growth rate (0.86 ± 0.29 mm/day), number of ovulations (1.32 ± 0.23), plasma progesterone concentration at 7 days after ovulation (10.28 ± 1.65 ng.mL-1), and gestation rate at 30 days after the beginning of estrus (75 ± 12.5%). However, the cost of the synchronization protocol per animal was 43.42% lower in treatments 4 and 5 (30% of the doses) than in treatment 1 (100% of the dose). Ovulation and estrus were efficiently synchronized with the use of 39.75 ?g of sodium cloprostenol and 90 UI of eCG, applied at the Bai Hui acupoint or at a false acupoint.
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Christensen, C. R., M. J. Redmond, and B. Laarveld. "Vaccination against follistatin and the effect on ovulation rate in estrus-induced gilts." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 83, no. 3 (September 1, 2003): 487–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a02-051.
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Primiparous sows were vaccinated against follistatin to determine the effect on ovulation rate following typical commercial estrus induction and synchronization. Seventy-five gilts received four vaccinations against a recombinant porcine follistatin (FS) or a sham vaccine (CTL). At 85 kg, gilts were induced into estrus with a combination of PG600 and hCG and synchronized using PGF2α. At the second estrus, antibody titers ranged from 0 to1:6400 in the FS-vaccinated treatment group and no FS antibodies were detected in the CTL group. Late in the second subsequent luteal phase the reproductive tracts of the gilts that had displayed two estruses were collected. There was no significant difference in the number of corpora lutea (FS = 13.2 ± 0.5, CTL = 14.5 ± 0.7) or corpora albicantia (FS = 12.1 ± 1.9, CTL = 12.3 ± 2.0) between treatments. Follistatin-vaccinated gilts displayed an increased number of luteal structures which resembled corpora hemorrhagica (P = 0.04). This study shows that vaccination of gilts against FS concurrent with estrus induction and synchronization affected ovarian morphology, although an effect on ovulation rate was not apparent. Key words: Swine, follistatin, immunoneutralization, fecundity, ovulation rate
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Proctor, L., D. Tutt, D. Olliver, S. Galloway, J. L. Juengel, P. Farquhar, and M. F. Martínez. "36 FOLLICULAR DYNAMICS IN PROLIFIC SHEEP: PGF-BASED ESTRUS SYNCHRONIZATION." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 22, no. 1 (2010): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv22n1ab36.
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A study was designed to compare the effect of a prostaglandin-based synchronization protocol on ovarian follicular dynamics in sheep with the FecB (Booroola) mutation. Forty dry Romney sheep (57.6 ± 7.3 kg; 6.1 ± 1.1 years) were randomly selected from both Invermay Booroola (BB; n = 20) and commercial (non-FecB carriers, ++; n = 20) flocks. All ewes had their estrous cycles synchronized with 2 i.m. injections of PGF (150 μg of cloprostenol, Estrumate, Schering-Plough Coopers Animal Health Ltd., New Zealand) administered 7 days apart. Ewes were monitored by transrectal ultrasonography (Aloka 900-SSD and a 7.5-MHz linear-array transducer, Aloka, Tokyo, Japan) daily from Day -2 to the day of ovulation. Data were analyzed by Student’s t-test or Wilcoxon Rank Sum test. Variances were compared with Barlett’s test. Paired t-test compared the number of preovulatory follicles in each genotype after PGF treatments and intervals from PGF to ovulation after PGF. Data are presented as mean (± SEM). The number of corpora lutea (CL) and total CL area at the time of the first and second PGF treatment were 4.4 ± 0.6; 5.7 ± 1.4 and 672.1 ± 133.5 mm2; 999.0 ± 145.9 mm2 in the BB and 2.1 ± 0.2; 2.1 ± 0.5 and 342.3 ± 60.7 mm2; 401.3 ± 68.6 mm2 in ++ ewes, respectively. These 2 variables were higher (P < 0.01) at both PGF injections in the BB than in the ++ ewes, except the CL area at the time of first PGF treatment (P = 0.15). The largest follicle diameter at the time of the first and second PGF treatments was smaller (P < 0.003) in BB (4.1 ± 0.3 mm; 3.5 ± 0.2 mm) than in ++ (5.3 ± 0.3 mm; 5.8 ± 0.1 mm) ewes. The median and mean number of follicles that ovulated after the first and second PGF treatment were higher (P < 0.0001) in BB (6 & 7; 5.7 ± 0.3; 6.9 ± 0.3; difference = 1.2 ± 0.4; P < 0.003) than in the ++ (2 & 2; 2.1 ± 0.1; 2.1 ± 0.1) sheep. The luteal area at the time of first and second PGF in both BB and ++ did not differ (P = 0.3). The intervals from the first and second PGF to the respective ovulations did not differ (P > 0.61) between BB (3.4 ± 0.2; 3.0 ± 0.3d) and ++ (3.5 ± 0.2d; 3.0 ± 0.1d) ewes. However, interval from the second PGF to ovulation was more variable (P = 0.002) in the BB than in the ++ ewes. Data of both groups were combined and a mean significant difference of 0.6 ± 0.2d (P < 0.003) was found between the first and second PGF-to-ovulation intervals. The interval from the first PGF to emergence of the next follicular wave was shorter (P < 0.02) and more variable (P < 0.03) in the BB (2.7 ± 0.4d) than in the ++ (3.5 ± 0.2 d) group. Preovulatory follicles were smaller in Booroola, but higher in number, than in ++ ewes, whereas the luteal area was similar. Within the BB ewes, the higher number of follicles that ovulated after the second PGF than after the first injection may be due to a higher follicular response to an elevated rebound in circulating FSH after the first PGF. A high number of growing follicles of the first follicular wave may also have contributed to this event. These findings warrant further research aimed at the study of the interaction between FSH and follicle dynamics in estrus synchronized sheep carrying the FecB mutation.
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Jain, Namita, Sonia Malik, and Ved Prakash. "Mimicking reproductive endocrinology to achieve successful pregnancy in frozen embryo replacement cycle in luteinized unruptured follicle (LUF." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 7, no. 12 (November 26, 2018): 5187. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20184991.
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Frozen embryo replacement cycles are commonly performed in all ART centres for various indications. In FER cycles, aim is to achieve the synchronization between the endometrium and the embryo. It can be undertaken in a natural or in an artificially prepared endometrium. Artificial preparation utilizes either the ovulation induction agents or hormones. Luteinized unruptured follicle is commonly encountered nowadays due to better resonance USG machines and frequent monitoring. It is still unclear among the practitioners whether to perform an embryo transfer in LUF. In this case report, authors are highlighting that in case of FER cycles using ovulation induction agent, despite inability to ovulate (LUF), if authors are able to achieve optimum synchronization between endometrium and the embryo using USG and serum hormonal levels, successful outcome could be expected.
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DOGAN, I., M. B. TOKER, S. ALCAY, and D. UDUM KUCUKSEN. "Effect of GnRH treatment following a short-term estrous induction protocol on estrus and ovulation in Saanen goats, during the transitional period." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 71, no. 4 (January 25, 2021): 2569. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.25943.
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The objective of this study was to compare the effect on the ovulation time and estrus parameters of a GnRH agonist (buserelin acetate) administered 24 or 36 h following a short-term estrus induction and synchronization treatment in non-lactating Saanen goats during the transitional period. Goats received 20 mg FGA sponges for 6 days plus 300 IU eCG and 125 μg d-cloprostenol 24 h prior to sponge removal. After removal of the sponges, goats were given either 1 ml physiological saline (0.9% NaCI) solution (Group1; n = 9) after 12 h, 0.004 mg GnRH (Group2; n = 10) after 24 h or 0.004 mg GnRH (Group3; n = 10) after 36 h. The follicle development and ovulation in the ovaries were monitored by transrectal ultrasonography starting from the sponge application until the fifth day of the estrus cycle. Blood samples were collected on the same days to determine the plasma concentrations of progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2). No statistical differences among groups were detected in any synchronization parameters, ultrasonic evaluations and plasma P4 and E2 concentrations. The evaluation of pooled data showed that the response of Saanen goats to treatments was comparable to the results of other published trials. Results of this study indicate that administration of GnRH at 24 h or 36 h after sponge removal, at the end of a short estrus induction and synchronization protocol, does not affect plasma P4 and E2 concentrations, estrus parameters and ovulation time in goats, during the transition period.
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YAMADA, Yutaka. "Synchronization of ovulation by PMSG-hCG in the prepuberal gilts." Nihon Yoton Gakkaishi 34, no. 4 (1997): 153–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5938/youton.34.153.
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Deligiannis, C., I. Valasi, CA Rekkas, P. Goulas, E. Theodosiadou, T. Lainas, and GS Amiridis. "Synchronization of Ovulation and Fixed Time Intrauterine Insemination in Ewes." Reproduction in Domestic Animals 40, no. 1 (February 2005): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0531.2004.00534.x.
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Pursley, J. R., Michael R. Kosorok, and Milo C. Wiltbank. "Reproductive Management of Lactating Dairy Cows Using Synchronization of Ovulation." Journal of Dairy Science 80, no. 2 (February 1997): 301–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(97)75938-1.
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Pursley, J. R., M. O. Mee, and M. C. Wiltbank. "Synchronization of ovulation in dairy cows using PGF2α and GnRH." Theriogenology 44, no. 7 (November 1995): 915–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0093-691x(95)00279-h.
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Zhou, Jingqian, Daiyong Cui, Qing Liu, Jinliang Ma, Bing Liu, Ruitao Zhang, and Shenming Zeng. "Preliminary Results of Synchronization of Estrus and Ovulation in Jennies." Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 66 (July 2018): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2018.05.178.
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Pennington, P. M., L. R. Gentry, C. E. Pope, R. A. MacLean, D. L. Paccamonti, B. L. Dresser, K. R. Bondioli, R. A. Godke, and G. Wirtu. "164 CHARACTERIZATION OF THE COMMON ELAND (TAUROTRAGUS ORYX) ESTROUS CYCLE." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 21, no. 1 (2009): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv21n1ab164.
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Three species of Tragelaphine (spiral horned) antelopes are endangered including the Eastern Bongo. Though most antelope species are represented as captive herds, a detailed characterization of their estrous cycles has not been described. In a crossover experimental design utilizing two groups of four females (n = 8), two estrus synchronization treatments were applied to each female. The treatments were: 1) PGF2∝ (Lutalyse®, 25 mg IM) repeated 11 days later and 2) administration of a progestin (altrenogest, 5 mL, 2.2% p.o.) for 7 days followed by PGF2∝ (25 mg IM) on 7th day. Blood samples were collected three days (Monday, Wednesday and Friday) per week until 2 days before expected estrus when ovaries were examined via transrectal ultrasound once daily and blood samples were collected twice daily, until the dominant follicle was absent. Blood samples were then collected three days per week until two days before the predicted subsequent natural estrus, when intensive ultrasound and blood collection was resumed. Plasma progesterone levels were determined via competitive radioimmunoassay utilizing a double antibody system from a commercially available kit (Diagnostic Systems Laboratories, Webster, TX, USA). Progesterone levels declined in an equal number of females (n = 6 or 75%) following prostaglandin injection in treatments 1 and 2, suggesting both methods to synchronize the estrous cycle or induce estrus are equally effective. Five of the eight females ovulated at least once during the study. A total of eight (25%) of the 32 possible ovulations were detected by ultrasound observation and confirmed by progesterone levels. Basal progesterone levels for the ovulating females around the days of ovulation were approximately 0.5 ng mL–1 and peaked at approximately 2 ng mL–1 during the luteal phase. Ultrasound observed ovulations occurred as frequently on the right ovary as the left. Two animals from treatment 2 ovulated during both the induced and natural cycles on alternate ovaries. An interovulatory interval of 21 days was observed and agrees with data previously reported by Durrant (1983 Zoo Biol. 2, 191–197). The average time to ovulation after PGF2∝ injection was 69 h (range 58–82 h). The average follicular size 12 to 24 h prior to ovulation was 9 and 7 mm for the induced and natural ovulations, respectively, suggesting that eland follicles ovulate at 10 mm. The described technology allows hormonal and ultrasonographic characterization of the estrous cycle in the eland antelope.
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Zambrini, F. N., E. P. Costa, J. H. Bruschi, J. M. G. Souza, L. S. Amorim, and J. F. Fonseca. "449 EFFECTS OF HORMONAL ADMINISTRATION IN TWO DIFFERENT SHIFTS AND OVULATORY DYNAMICS IN NONBREEDING SEASON ON TOGGENBURG GOATS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 22, no. 1 (2010): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv22n1ab449.
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Assisted reproduction has been used to optimize reproduction in goats. Ultrasound technology has resulted in a definite gain of knowledge in terms of ovulation time. The aim of this study was to evaluate if the shift (morning or afternoon) of hormonal administration affects different reproductive parameters. This study was conducted from October to December (nonbreeding season) of 2005, in Piau/MG (21°35′S latitude and 43° 15′W longitude), Brazil. Eighteen nulliparous (n = 9) or pluriparous (n = 9) Toggenburg goats were assigned equally according to body weight and condition score into two treatments. Animals received intravaginal sponges (60 mg of MAP, Progespon®, Syntex, Buenos Aires, Argentina) for 6 days plus 37.5 (igof cloprostenol (Prolise®, ARSA S.R.L., Buenos Aires, Argentina) latero-vulvar and 200 IUeCG (Novormon® 5000, Syntex) i.m. 48 h before sponge removal. Procedures were done early in the morning for T1 (10 h) and later in afternoon for T2 (17 h). Goats were monitored twice daily to identify estrous onset and its duration. After sponge removal, ultrasound evaluations were performed every 8 h until ovulation to determine the time, number of ovulations, and ovulatory follicle diameters (5-MHz transducer; Aloka, SSD 500®, Tokyo, Japan). Statistical analyses were performed using all tests at the 95% confidence interval with a SAEG® program (Funarbe, Viçosa, Brazil). The results are presented as mean ± SD. The interval (h) from sponge removal to estrous onset was 30.7 ± 10.6 (T1) and 34.3 ± 17.6 (T2), whereas its duration was 33.3 ± 22.3 (T1) and 34.3 ± 22.4 (T2) (P > 0.05). The interval (h) from sponge removal to ovulation was 54.4 ± 10.2 (T1) and 53.4 ± 12.3 (T2) (P > 0.05). Also, the interval (h) from estrous onset to ovulation was 26.8 ± 8.7 (T1) and 18.1 ± 26.3 (T2). No difference (P > 0.05) was observed in the number of ovulations forT1 (1.89 ± 0.93) or T2 (1.89 ± 0.60). The diameter of the ovulatory follicle (mm) was similar (P > 0.05) for T1 (8.4 ± 1.28) and T2 (7.36 ± 1.15) (P > 0.05). A negative correlation was detected between the interval to estrous onset and diameter of the largest follicle (r = -0.41; P < 0.05), as well as between the interval to estrous onset and the interval from estrus to ovulation (r= -0.73; P < 0.001). A positive correlation was registered between the interval from estrus to ovulation and diameter of the largest follicle (r = 0.65; P < 0.001) and also between the interval from sponge removal to ovulation and diameter of the largest follicle (r = 0.51; P < 0.005) that was evident, indicating that follicles get larger with time. Finally, a negative correlation (r = -0.88; P < 0.05) was obtained between number of ovulations and average diameters of ovulated follicles. These data suggest that Toggenburg goats have a synchronization of ovulation when receiving progestagen short-term protocols in the nonbreeding season, independent of the hormonal dispensing shift. Financial support: Embrapa Goats and Sheep, Tecnopec, Fapemig, CNPq.
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Demissie, Tilaye, Tefera Yilma, Tamrat Degefa, Adise Ambilo, Tsigereda Tadesse, and Alemayehu Lema. "Estrus characteristics, ovarian response to synchronization hormones, and fertility of crossbred dairy heifers managed under a semi-intensive system." Ethiopian Veterinary Journal 25, no. 2 (September 6, 2021): 115–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/evj.v25i2.7.
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This study aimed to characterize estrus sign/s which best predict the time of ovulation and determine ovarian responses to different synchronization protocols and conception rates to fixed-time artificial insemination in Boran*Holstein crossbred heifers. In the first part of the study, twenty-seven heifers were observed for estrus signs (from induced and natural) and the relationship of various estrus signs with ovulation time was evaluated by using ultrasonography. In the second part, 91 Boran*Holstein crossbred heifers were randomly grouped into three groups. Group one heifers (n=28) received 100μg gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) on day zero (D0), 500μg prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) on day 7 and 100μg of GnRH on day 9. Group 2 heifers (n=32) were treated as group one but additionally received progesterone as controlled internal drug release (CIDR). Group three heifers (n=31) were treated as those in group 2 but without injection with GnRH on day 0. In all the 3 groups’ insemination was made at 19h of the second GnRH. The results showed that irrespective of estrus source type (induced or natural), score for standing to be mounted, mounting other heifers, and non-receptive mount by other heifers showed a strong positive correlation with ovulation time (r=0.67, P<0.05). Standing estrus duration, and time elapsed from standing estrus to ovulation were shorter (P<0.05) in induced estrus. The conception rate was 39.3% in synchronized ovulation in the absence of CIDR. The conception rate in timed insemination was 56.3% when ovulation was synchronized by combining CIDR, PGF2α, and GnRH. In conclusion injection of GnRH on day zero together with treatment with CIDR improved ovulation rate, the number of new corpus luteum, and conception rate. Heifers that ovulated within the first 24h after timed insemination had a higher (P<0.05) conception rate than heifers ovulated after 24h of timed insemination. Cycling heifers at day zero had a greater (P<0.05) conception rate than non-cycling.
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Whisnant, C. S., S. P. Washburn, and P. W. Farin. "Current concepts in synchronization of estrus and ovulation of dairy cows." Journal of Animal Science 77, E-Suppl (2000): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas2000.00218812007700es0042x.
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Cavalieri, J., I. Rubio, JE Kinder, KW Entwistle, and LA Fitzpatrick. "Synchronization of estrus and ovulation and associated endocrine changes in cows." Theriogenology 47, no. 4 (March 1997): 801–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0093-691x(97)00036-8.
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Yapura, M. J., R. J. Mapletoft, R. A. Pierson, J. Singh, and G. P. Adams. "Synchronization of ovulation in cattle with an aromatase inhibitor–based protocol." Theriogenology 85, no. 8 (May 2016): 1382–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.12.012.
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Bó, G. A., and P. S. Baruselli. "Synchronization of ovulation and fixed-time artificial insemination in beef cattle." Animal 8 (2014): 144–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1751731114000822.
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Pessoa, G. A., A. P. Martini, J. M. Trentin, D. R. Dotto, H. L. D. Neri, D. T. Schreiner, G. M. Zanatta, M. F. Sá Filho, and M. I. B. Rubin. "10 TIMED ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION PROTOCOLS TO SYNCHRONIZATION OF OVULATION IN BOS TAURUS TAURUS SUCKLING BEEF COWS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 27, no. 1 (2015): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv27n1ab10.
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The aim of this study was to compare 3 methods for synchronization of ovulation in anestrous beef cows. The hypothesis of this study was to determine whether low doses of hCG has superior efficacy to cypionate to induce ovulation in anestrous cows and provide higher pregnancy rate in oestrus-synchronization programs. Synchronization of ovulation and conception rate to timed AI (TAI) were evaluated in anestrus Bos taurus taurus suckling beef cows 45 ± 15 days postpartum and with body condition score of 2.9 (1 to 5) maintained in a native pastured system in the south of Brazil. Females were evaluated with ultrasound on the Day 0 (D0) of the protocol (Day 0), day 8 (D8), immediately before TAI (D10), and 7 days after TAI (Day 17). All cows were synchronized with an intravaginal progesterone-releasing device (IPRD; 0.75 g of progesterone, Prociclar®, Hertape Calier Animal Health, Juatuba, Brazil) and 2 mg IM of oestradiol benzoate (EB; Benzoato HC®) on D0. On Day 8, the IPRD was removed and 150 μg of D (+) cloprostenol (Veteglan Luteolytic®), and 25 IU IM FSH/LH (Pluset®) were administered. Females of the EC (n = 84) group received 1 mg IM of oestradiol cypionate (EC; Cipionato HC®). Females on D8 of the hCG (n = 81) group received 500 IU IM of hCG (Vetecor®, Hertape Calier) at the time of TAI. The females of the EC + hCG group (n = 83) received both treatments. All cows were submitted to TAI 54 h after withdrawal of IPRD. A part of the cows (n = 102) had the ovulation evaluated every 12 h from the withdrawal of IPRD [EC (n = 34), hCG (n = 34), and hCG + EC (n = 33)]. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS PROC GLIMMIX. The dominant follicle diameter (FD) on Day 8 (8.7 ± 0.2, 8.8 ± 0.2, 8.6 ± 0.2) did not differ between treatments EC, EC + hCG, or hCG (P = 0.79). However, the FD on D10 was higher (P = 0.001) for cows treated with hCG (12.9 ± 0.3) compared with cows from the EC (11.3 ± 0.2) or EC + hCG group (11.8 ± 0.2). The interval (h) between the withdrawal of IPRD and ovulation was lower (P = 0.01) for the hCG group, (71.2 ± 1.7) compared with the groups treated with EC or EC + hCG (76.6 ± 2.18 and 74.2 ± 1.65), respectively. The ovulation rate did not differ (P = 0.61) among the EC (85.2%, 29/34), hCG (91.1%, 31/34), or EC + hCG groups (90.9%, 30/33). Corpus luteum diameter (mm) was higher (P = 0.04) on D17 for the hCG-treated group (21.4 ± 0.3) compared with others treatments (EC = 19.1 ± 0.8 or EC + hCG = 20.4 ± 0.8). However, the plasma progesterone levels on D17 were EC = 2.0 ± 0.1, hCG = 2.4 ± 0.1, and EC + hCG = 2.3 ± 0.1 ng mL–1 (P = 0.19), and the conception rate on the 28th day after TAI (EC = 43.0%; hCG = 47.0%, and EC + hCG = 48.8%; P = 0.76) was also similar. The hCG determined smallest ovulation interval, but similar rates of pregnancy were observed with both treatments.
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Esteves, L. V., F. Z. Brandão, R. C. Cruz, J. M. G. Souza, E. Oba, O. Facó, and J. F. Fonseca. "Reproductive parameters of dairy goats submitted to estrus synchronization with prostaglandin F2α associated or not to hCG at estrous onset." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 65, no. 6 (December 2013): 1585–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-09352013000600001.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of two doses of PGF associated or not to hCG on the associated reproductive parameters in dairy goats. A total of 29 goats received two doses of 30µg d-cloprostenol latero-vulvar at a 10 day intervals (Day 1 and Day 10). The does were allocated according to body weight and body condition score into two treatments, to receive hCG (250IU) or saline at estrus onset. After the second dose of PGF, estrus was monitored and ultrasound exams were performed twice daily. All does were inseminated 16h after estrus onset. Blood collection was performed every day for progesterone assay. The use of hCG at estrus onset did not affect any studied parameter and therefore the data were pooled. Estrous response rate was similar (P>0.05) after the first (75.9%, 22/29) and the second dose of PGF (79.3%, 23/29). The interval between the administration of PGF and estrus onset was greater (P<0.05) after Day 1 (75.8±53.9h) than Day 10 (47.7±10.1 h). Estrus duration was superior (P < 0.05) after Day 1 (35.4±15.9h) to Day 10 (26.8±15.0h). Ovulation rate was 79.3% (23/29) after the second dose of PGF. No differences (P>0.05) between both experimental groups were detected in the following parameters, averaging: the interval from the second dose administration to the ovulation (86.6±11.4h), interval from estrus to ovulation (39.9±12.3 h), diameter of largest follicle (7.2±1.4) and number of ovulations (1.8±0.6). At Day 1, 52.4% (11/21) of does presented progesterone concentrations <1ng/mL. At Day 10, 100% of the animals presented concentrations >1ng/mL. The results of the present study indicate that estrus can be efficiently synchronized in dairy goats with the use of two doses of PGF at a 10 day interval. Further research should be done evaluating hCG use in different doses or moments of administration.
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Chavez, Maria K., Shelby L. Rosasco, Matthew C. Herrington, Joslyn K. Beard, and Adam F. Summers. "PSI-27 Effect of antral follicle count on time intervals to estrus and ovulation in crossbred beef heifers." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_4 (November 3, 2020): 472. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa278.823.
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Abstract While genetics are an unreliable indicator of fertility, antral follicle count (AFC) has recently been recognized as a useful fertility prediction tool in heifers. The aim of this study was to determine if AFC exerts an effect on response to synchronization, time to estrus (TTE), and/or time to ovulation (TTO). Twenty-five crossbred heifers were classified by AFC, either high (> 25 antral follicles), moderate (16–24 antral follicles), or low (< 15 follicles) and utilized in two experiments. In experiment 1, heifers were subjected to the Select Synch + CIDR fixed time artificial insemination (FTAI) protocol. After synchronization, estrus activity was monitored every 3 h until standing estrus was observed. Heifers were examined at 12 and 18 h after observation of standing estrus and every 3 h thereafter to monitor ovulation. In experiment 1, the proportion of heifers that responded to the protocol was not significant (P = 0.71) among classification groups. Time to estrus and time to ovulation were similar between groups (P > 0.90). In experiment 2, heifers were placed with bulls for 60 d and were monitored for signs of estrus every 3 h. Results of experiment 2 indicated that response to estrus synchronization was similar across groups (P = 0.46). Time to estrus was greater (P = 0.04) in the high AFC group than in the low or moderate AFC groups. This may be attributed to lower concentrations of circulating gonadotropins in high AFC heifers, resulting in decreased intrafollicular estradiol. Differences in TTE results between experiment 1 and experiment 2 may be explained by increased reproductive function as heifers continued to mature during the study. These results suggest that differences in TTE may be related to AFC. Additional research is needed to corroborate these results and inform the creation of differing FTAI protocols based on AFC.
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Oliveira, M. E. F., P. M. P. Nascimento, P. P. M. Teixeira, J. S. P. Pieroni, M. R. Lima, S. D. Bicudo, J. F. Fonseca, and W. R. R. Vicente. "33 TIMING OF OVULATION AND ESTRUS IN LONG PROTOCOLS WITH OR WITHOUT CIDR REPLACEMENT IN Santa Inês SHEEP DURING BREEDING SEASON." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 22, no. 1 (2010): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv22n1ab33.
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Low levels of progesterone (P4) during synchronization of estrus in ewes can promote excessive growth of the follicles, resulting in large persistent and old ovulatory follicles. Timing of ovulation or the LH surge in relation to onset of estrus is also more variable with lower P4. These findings have been related to reduction in fertility in ewes (Viñoles et al. 2001 Theriogenology 55, 993-1004). To avoid prolonged periods of subluteal P4 concentrations, the aim of this study was to compare long protocols with or without CIDR replacement in Santa Inês sheep during the breeding season. Twenty-three adult ewes were divided into 2 groups (G-1CIDR, n = 11 and G-2CIDR, n = 12). Estrus was synchronized with a P4 device (CIDR™; Pfizer-New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand) for 14 d. However, in G-2CIDR, the CIDR was replaced by a new one on Day 7. Doses of 2.5 mg of dinoprost, i.m. (Lutalyse™, Pfizer-New Zealand) were administered on Days 0 and 14. All ewes received 300 IU of eCG (Novormon™, Syntex, Buenos Aires, Argentina) on Day 14. Estrus detection was accomplished using a teaser ram starting 12 h after CIDR removal and was repeated 3 times a day for 4 d. Ultrasonographic exam was used every 8 h for 5 d after the end of the treatment to determine the moment of ovulation and the diameter of the ovulatory follicle. Data were analyzed by ANOVA using SAS software (chi-square and Tukey tests). The proportions of treated ewes that were detected in estrus did not differ statistically between groups (G-1CIDR: 90.9% and G-2CIDR: 100%). The interval from onset estrus to CIDR removal differed (P < 0.05), between G-1CIDR (37.80 ± 8.02 h) and G-2CIDR (49.00 ± 9.16 h) groups. The frequency distributions of estrus in G-1CIDR ewes were 10, 70, 10, and 10% at 24, 36, 48, and 54 h, respectively, compared with 8.33, 8.33, 50, 8.33, and 25% at 30, 36, 48, 54, and 60 h after CIDR removal in the G-2CIDR ewes. All ewes ovulated at the end of the synchronization protocols. Ovulation occurred at 69.45 ± 10.00 h and 76.66 ± 15.04 h after the end of the protocols in G-1CIDR and G-2CIDR, respectively (P > 0.05). The ovulation frequency distribution for ovulation time in G-1CIDR was 27.27, 54.54, 9.09, and 9.09% at 60, 68, 84, and 92 h, whereas in G-2CIDR, 8.33, 50, 16.66, 8.33, 8.33, and 8.33% ovulated at 60, 68, 76, 92, 100, and 108 h after the end of treatment. The interval between estrus and ovulation was 29.40 ± 9.97 h in G-1CIDR compared with 27.66 ± 11.71 h in G-2CIDR (P > 0.05). The number of ovulations per animal and diameters of ovulatory follicles were 1.54 ± 0.82 and 6.95 ± 0.75 mm in G-1CIDR and 1.33 ± 0.77 and 7.00 ± 1.22 mm in G-2CIDR, respectively (P > 0.05). These results showed a later onset of estrus in G-2CIDR. However, the treatment with CIDR replacement did not promote an effect on ovulation rate and number of ovulatory follicles. Both protocols showed efficiency. Funding support: FAPESP.
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Loetz, E., and M. Rojas. "112 Follicular dynamics and oestrus response of Alpine goats with oestrus/ovulation synchronized during the early transitional reproductive phase using gonadotrophin given early or late." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 33, no. 2 (2021): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv33n2ab112.
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Oestrus and ovulation synchronization (E/OS) regimens for fixed-timed breeding are useful when consistently eliciting ovulation. Early synchronization in the reproductive season promotes unreliable oestrus behavioural and physiologic response due to insufficient ovarian priming. In ruminants, equine (eCG) or human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) has FSH bioactivity or elicits ovulation, correspondingly. Hence, 120 and 60IU of eCG and hCG, respectively, are included in goat E/OS regimes. This experiment addresses the time when eCG/hCG (CG) is given relative to progestagen (P4) withdrawal and its effect on oestrus and ovulation. Fourteen non-lactating, Alpine breed goats, ranging from 1 to 6 kiddings, averaging±s.d. 3.9±2.0 years of age, and 56.3±5.0kg of bodyweight (BW), and body condition score (BCS) of 2.6±0.2, were evaluated early in the transitional reproductive phase (12h daylight:12h darkness). E/OS was accomplished with 12 day of P4 (200 mg) exposure by intravaginal insert. Three treatments were evaluated: Traditional (T; n=4) did not receive CG and served as the control group; early (E; n=5) received CG 24h before P4 removal; and reverse (R; n=5) received PGF2α 24h before P4 withdrawal as well as CG concurrent with P4 withdrawal. Oestrus response to E/OS was evaluated 24h after breeding using epididymectomized bucks. Ovaries were scanned by transrectal ultrasound (Aloka SSD-500V/7.5-MHz linear array probe) for 4 consecutive days starting with the first i.m. injection of 1.0mL of PGF2α or 1.5mL of CG. Images were digitized (MediCapture™) for later morphometry. The absence of effect (P>0.05) from concomitant variables age, BW, BCS, and parity was ascertained using a logistic regression model (JMP/SAS v15; SAS Institute Inc.). Ovulation, defined as the disappearance of the largest (>7mm) preovulatory follicle on a subsequent observation, was 100, 80, and 100%; and the average±s.e. number of ovulations per goat was 2±0.41, 1±0.32, and 1.3±0.49 (P>0.05). Table 1 summarises follicular size documented of 122 observations of ovulatory areas. Graafian follicle location was not different for left or right ovaries (P>0.05). Oestrus behavioural response to each E/OS treatment (T, E, or L) up to 24h after P4 removal was 50, 80, and 80% (P>0.05), respectively. In summary, oestrus response and ovulation were not affected by the variables studied. In this experience the timing of CG was not relevant. Table 1. Mean diameter (±SE; mm) of nonovulatory and preovulatory follicles on left (L) and right (R) ovaries E/OS protocol Non- and preovulatory Nonovulatory Preovulatory L R L R L R Traditional 6.4±0.6 5.5±0.6 4.8±0.4 4.5±0.4 7.7±0.4 8.9±0.3 Early 5.2±0.3 5.5±0.4 4.9±0.2 4.4±0.3 8.4±1.2 8.1±0.2 Reverse 6.6±0.5 5.3±0.6 5.1±0.4 4.4±0.5 8.7±0.3 8.1±0.2 Overall 5.7±0.19 4.7±0.14 8.3±0.14
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Loetz, E., and M. Rojas. "112 Follicular dynamics and oestrus response of Alpine goats with oestrus/ovulation synchronized during the early transitional reproductive phase using gonadotrophin given early or late." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 33, no. 2 (2021): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv33n2ab112.
Full textAbstract:
Oestrus and ovulation synchronization (E/OS) regimens for fixed-timed breeding are useful when consistently eliciting ovulation. Early synchronization in the reproductive season promotes unreliable oestrus behavioural and physiologic response due to insufficient ovarian priming. In ruminants, equine (eCG) or human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) has FSH bioactivity or elicits ovulation, correspondingly. Hence, 120 and 60IU of eCG and hCG, respectively, are included in goat E/OS regimes. This experiment addresses the time when eCG/hCG (CG) is given relative to progestagen (P4) withdrawal and its effect on oestrus and ovulation. Fourteen non-lactating, Alpine breed goats, ranging from 1 to 6 kiddings, averaging±s.d. 3.9±2.0 years of age, and 56.3±5.0kg of bodyweight (BW), and body condition score (BCS) of 2.6±0.2, were evaluated early in the transitional reproductive phase (12h daylight:12h darkness). E/OS was accomplished with 12 day of P4 (200 mg) exposure by intravaginal insert. Three treatments were evaluated: Traditional (T; n=4) did not receive CG and served as the control group; early (E; n=5) received CG 24h before P4 removal; and reverse (R; n=5) received PGF2α 24h before P4 withdrawal as well as CG concurrent with P4 withdrawal. Oestrus response to E/OS was evaluated 24h after breeding using epididymectomized bucks. Ovaries were scanned by transrectal ultrasound (Aloka SSD-500V/7.5-MHz linear array probe) for 4 consecutive days starting with the first i.m. injection of 1.0mL of PGF2α or 1.5mL of CG. Images were digitized (MediCapture™) for later morphometry. The absence of effect (P>0.05) from concomitant variables age, BW, BCS, and parity was ascertained using a logistic regression model (JMP/SAS v15; SAS Institute Inc.). Ovulation, defined as the disappearance of the largest (>7mm) preovulatory follicle on a subsequent observation, was 100, 80, and 100%; and the average±s.e. number of ovulations per goat was 2±0.41, 1±0.32, and 1.3±0.49 (P>0.05). Table 1 summarises follicular size documented of 122 observations of ovulatory areas. Graafian follicle location was not different for left or right ovaries (P>0.05). Oestrus behavioural response to each E/OS treatment (T, E, or L) up to 24h after P4 removal was 50, 80, and 80% (P>0.05), respectively. In summary, oestrus response and ovulation were not affected by the variables studied. In this experience the timing of CG was not relevant. Table 1. Mean diameter (±SE; mm) of nonovulatory and preovulatory follicles on left (L) and right (R) ovaries E/OS protocol Non- and preovulatory Nonovulatory Preovulatory L R L R L R Traditional 6.4±0.6 5.5±0.6 4.8±0.4 4.5±0.4 7.7±0.4 8.9±0.3 Early 5.2±0.3 5.5±0.4 4.9±0.2 4.4±0.3 8.4±1.2 8.1±0.2 Reverse 6.6±0.5 5.3±0.6 5.1±0.4 4.4±0.5 8.7±0.3 8.1±0.2 Overall 5.7±0.19 4.7±0.14 8.3±0.14
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Brair, V. L., A. B. P. Andrade, M. C. C. Morais, P. S. C. Rangel, M. E. F. Oliveira, J. M. G. Souza-Fabjan, and J. F. Fonseca. "114 Short-term hormonal protocol efficiency either with or without equine chorionic gonadotrophin to promote oestrous synchronization in cyclic dairy goats." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 33, no. 2 (2021): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv33n2ab114.
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The use of equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) in oestrous induction protocols is associated with antibody production against eCG. Moreover, there are important equine welfare issues involved in its production and the development of viable protocols without eCG in dairy goats is essential. The aim of this study was to assess oestrus and ovulatory responses of short-term oestrous synchronization protocol with or without eCG in nulliparous (NUL) and multiparous (MUL) dairy goats during the breeding season. On a random day of oestrous cycle (Day 0), Alpine (n=10 NUL and 10 MUL), Nubian (n=10 NUL and 10 MUL), and Saanen (n=10 NUL and 6 MUL) goats received 30μg of d-cloprostenol intramuscularly (IM) and an intravaginal sponge containing 60mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate, which was maintained for 6 days (Day 6). At 24h before sponge removal (Day 5), goats received IM 200IU of Novormon 5000 (G-eCG) or saline solution (G-Control). NUL and MUL goats of each breed were assigned equally into one of the two treatments. Transrectal ultrasonography was used to assess ovarian parameters, and teaser goats detected oestrus every 12h from sponge removal to ovulation or until 96h after sponge removal. The results are described as mean±s.e.m., and categorical results are presented as percentages. The normal distribution of the residues of all variables was determined by the Shapiro-Wilk test and for homoscedastic by Levene test. To evaluate interaction between treatments and parity order, the general linear model (GLM) was applied. Parametric variables were subjected to Student’s t-test. Nonparametric variables were analysed by Mann–Whitney test, Chi-squared test, and Fisher’s exact test. Values of P<0.05 were considered significant. According to the breed and parity order, Nubian and Saanen goats showed no difference (P>0.05) in reproductive parameters. Alpine goats had a longer (P<0.05) interval from sponge removal to onset of oestrus (SROE) in MUL (61±14.0h) than NUL (38.5±12.7h), longer interval from onset of oestrus to ovulation (IEOV) in NUL (33.5±11.9h) than MUL (19.5±13.4h), and the number of ovulations was greater (P<0.05) in MUL (2.2±0.9) than in NUL (1.3±0.5). In goats either receiving eCG or not, Alpine and Nubian goats had no difference (P>0.05) in SROE, IEOV, interval from sponge removal to ovulation (SROV), percentage of animals that ovulated, diameter of the ovulatory follicle, and number of ovulations. Saanen goats had a higher (P<0.05) percentage of animals that ovulated in G-eCG (87.5%) than G-control (25.0%). Regardless of parity order and breed, SROV was longer (P<0.05) in G-control (73.2±9.8h) than in G-eCG (65.1±10.2h), and the percentage of animals that ovulated was greater (P<0.05) in G-eCG (96.4%) than in G-control (67.9%). In summary, in short-term protocols for oestrous synchronization in cyclic dairy goats, the addition of eCG led to a shorter interval from sponge removal to ovulation and increased number of animals that ovulated. This research was supported by CNPq (310166/2012-8) and Embrapa (20.19.01.004.00.03.001).
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Brair, V. L., A. B. P. Andrade, M. C. C. Morais, P. S. C. Rangel, M. E. F. Oliveira, J. M. G. Souza-Fabjan, and J. F. Fonseca. "114 Short-term hormonal protocol efficiency either with or without equine chorionic gonadotrophin to promote oestrous synchronization in cyclic dairy goats." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 33, no. 2 (2021): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv33n2ab114.
Full textAbstract:
The use of equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) in oestrous induction protocols is associated with antibody production against eCG. Moreover, there are important equine welfare issues involved in its production and the development of viable protocols without eCG in dairy goats is essential. The aim of this study was to assess oestrus and ovulatory responses of short-term oestrous synchronization protocol with or without eCG in nulliparous (NUL) and multiparous (MUL) dairy goats during the breeding season. On a random day of oestrous cycle (Day 0), Alpine (n=10 NUL and 10 MUL), Nubian (n=10 NUL and 10 MUL), and Saanen (n=10 NUL and 6 MUL) goats received 30μg of d-cloprostenol intramuscularly (IM) and an intravaginal sponge containing 60mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate, which was maintained for 6 days (Day 6). At 24h before sponge removal (Day 5), goats received IM 200IU of Novormon 5000 (G-eCG) or saline solution (G-Control). NUL and MUL goats of each breed were assigned equally into one of the two treatments. Transrectal ultrasonography was used to assess ovarian parameters, and teaser goats detected oestrus every 12h from sponge removal to ovulation or until 96h after sponge removal. The results are described as mean±s.e.m., and categorical results are presented as percentages. The normal distribution of the residues of all variables was determined by the Shapiro-Wilk test and for homoscedastic by Levene test. To evaluate interaction between treatments and parity order, the general linear model (GLM) was applied. Parametric variables were subjected to Student’s t-test. Nonparametric variables were analysed by Mann–Whitney test, Chi-squared test, and Fisher’s exact test. Values of P<0.05 were considered significant. According to the breed and parity order, Nubian and Saanen goats showed no difference (P>0.05) in reproductive parameters. Alpine goats had a longer (P<0.05) interval from sponge removal to onset of oestrus (SROE) in MUL (61±14.0h) than NUL (38.5±12.7h), longer interval from onset of oestrus to ovulation (IEOV) in NUL (33.5±11.9h) than MUL (19.5±13.4h), and the number of ovulations was greater (P<0.05) in MUL (2.2±0.9) than in NUL (1.3±0.5). In goats either receiving eCG or not, Alpine and Nubian goats had no difference (P>0.05) in SROE, IEOV, interval from sponge removal to ovulation (SROV), percentage of animals that ovulated, diameter of the ovulatory follicle, and number of ovulations. Saanen goats had a higher (P<0.05) percentage of animals that ovulated in G-eCG (87.5%) than G-control (25.0%). Regardless of parity order and breed, SROV was longer (P<0.05) in G-control (73.2±9.8h) than in G-eCG (65.1±10.2h), and the percentage of animals that ovulated was greater (P<0.05) in G-eCG (96.4%) than in G-control (67.9%). In summary, in short-term protocols for oestrous synchronization in cyclic dairy goats, the addition of eCG led to a shorter interval from sponge removal to ovulation and increased number of animals that ovulated. This research was supported by CNPq (310166/2012-8) and Embrapa (20.19.01.004.00.03.001).
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Ponsart, C., J. Gatien, B. Besognet, P. Fanuel, and P. Humblot. "35 FERTILITY AFTER FIXED-TIME AI OR INSEMINATION AT DETECTED ESTRUS FOLLOWING CIDR SYNCHRONIZATION PROTOCOLS IN FRENCH DAIRY AND BEEF CATTLE." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 22, no. 1 (2010): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv22n1ab35.
Full textAbstract:
The CIDR synchronization protocol was introduced in France since 2008, as a 7-day intravaginal progesterone treatment (1.38 g of progesterone) coupled with AI at detected estrus. The objective of this study was to compare the synchronization, ovulation, and conception rates following fixed-timed AI (FTAI) and AI on observed heat (HAI) following a CIDR synchronization program in dairy and beef cattle under on-farm conditions. A total of 466 females from Holstein, Limousin, and Charolais breeds were synchronized from October 2008 to March 2009, and inseminated by AI technicians from 4 French cooperatives (Amélis, CECNA, COOPELSO, Groupe Altitude) with the following inclusion criteria : heifers from 14 to 28 months old, cows with 1 to 5 calvings, interval from calving from 50 to 150 days, first breeding following calving without any complication. The CIDR device was left for a 7-day period and combined with a PGF2α injection 1 day before CIDR removal and an eCG injection at the time of CIDR removal. Cows within each herd were allocated to 2 insemination groups. In the FTAI group, a single insemination was performed 56 h after CIDR removal, whereas the females from the HAI group were inseminated once from 6 to 18 h after detected estrus. For each female, cyclicity was assessed before CIDR insertion with 2 progesterone measurements assayed 10 days apart. The CIDR device was lost in 25 females during treatment. In the remaining females, estrus synchronization was estimated from a progesterone measurement 56 h after CIDR removal. Ovulation rate following CIDR programs was determined by progesterone measurements 14 days after AI. Pregnancy was diagnosed by ultrasonography on Day 35 after AI in 417 females (24 missing values). From results of cycling females prior to treatment (n = 369), synchronization rates averaged 95.6% and 94.3% in HAI and FTAI groups, respectively. Ovulation rate, calculated from 399 synchronized or noncycling females, averaged 93.4% and 91.6% in HAI and FTAI groups, respectively. Conception rate at first AI averaged 51.9% (HAI: 52.6% v. FTAI: 47.4%; P > 0.05), and conception rate following induced estrus (i.e. calculated from ovulated females only) averaged 55% (HAI: 55.3% v. FTAI: 52.2%; P > 0.05). Conception rate was mainly influenced by breed and parity, ranging from 34% in Holstein cows to 58.7% in Holstein heifers (Table 1). To conclude, fixed-time insemination can be coupled to CIDR synchronization protocols in beef and dairy cattle and can be used to as a substitute for heat detection under on-farm conditions. Table 1.Conception rates depending on breed and parity