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1
Herring, S. "Design and evaluation of turbines for use in OWC power plants." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2007. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/5666.
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The thesis describes the work carried in developing a process for designing an
impulse turbine for use in an Oscillating Water Column power plant, and the design,
commissioning, and use of a unique laboratory-based test facility for evaluating such
turbines. The test facility is unique both in enabling a wide range of oscillatory flow
conditions to be simulated, and in being of a sufficiently large scale to give
confidence in the performance results obtained. The use of the test facility to gather
performance data for a datum turbine configuration is described and results presented
which show good agreement between the predicted and measured performance. In
addition to this, the development of a novel turbine configuration which is expected to
lead to a step-change in the performance of such devices, and a proof-of-concept
turbine configuration which is to be tested in the facility are described. The work has
led to a number of conclusions and recommendations for further improvements to
both the turbine design and the test facility.
2
Pascal, Remy Claude Rene. "Quantification of the influence of directional sea state parameters over the performances of wave energy converters." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7653.
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Accurate predictions of the annual energy yield from wave energy converters are essential to the development of the wave industry. The current method based on power matrices uses only a small part of the data available from sea state estimations and it is consequently prone to inaccuracies. The research presented in this work investigates the issue of energy yield prediction and questions the power matrix method. This is accomplished by quantifying the influence of several directional sea states parameters on the performances of wave energy converters. The approach taken was to test several wave energy converters in the Edinburgh Curved tank with a large set of sea states. The selected wave energy converters are a fix OWC, a set of two OWCs acting as a weak directional device and the desalination duck model. Uni-modal and bi-modal sea states were used. For the uni-modal sea states, parameters related to the wave system shape were considered. For the bi-modal sea states, the relative position of the wave system peaks was investigated and the uni-modality index was introduced to quantify the degree to which sea states could be considered bi-modal. For all sea states, the significant wave height was kept constant. The experimental work required good spectral estimates. The MLM and MMLM were adapted to deterministic waves to improve their stability and accuracy. A routine to isolate wave systems was also developed in order to estimate parameters with respect to each wave systems. For uni-modal spectra, parametric models of the observed performances of the devices could be devised. The frequency spreading and its interaction with the energy period proved to be as important as the energy period itself, which suggests that the frequency spreading should be used for energy production prediction. For bi-modal spectra, evidence of the duck sensitivity to directionality was found while the OWCs were not affected.
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Berthe, Guillaume. "Évolution des propriétés de confinement des roches-couvertures type argilite soumises à des fluides enrichis en CO2 : impact des discontinuités naturelles et artificielles." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00795668.
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Ces travaux de recherche s'inscrivent dans le cadre des études de faisabilité du stockage du dioxyde de carbone en couches géologiques profondes, et portent plus particulièrement sur l'évolution des propriétés de confinement de roches-couvertures de type argilite, soumises à des fluides enrichis en CO2. Pour ce faire, les argilites de Tournemire (Aveyron, France) ont été utilisées comme roches analogues, après avoir identifié leurs possible points de faiblesse vis-à-vis du stockage, à savoir leur minéralogie, la présence de fissures naturelles remplies de calcite et la présence d'interfaces ciment/argilite attendues au niveau des puits d'injection rebouchés. Le montage expérimental de type " diffusion à travers " a été adapté pour permettre d'estimer (i) la possible modification des paramètres de transport diffusif enregistrés, avant et après attaque acide, pour les différents traceurs radioactifs (tritium et chlore-36) et non-radioactifs (deutérium et bromure) utilisés pour caractériser les échantillons d'argilite de Tournemire et de pâte de ciment et (ii) l'évolution des compositions chimiques des solutions contenues dans les réservoirs amont et aval des cellules de diffusion au cours des attaques acides. Enfin, l'analyse des solides a été réalisée pour partie par MEB-EDS, µTomographie-X et DRX. Tout d'abord, pour l'ensemble des échantillons étudiés, les valeurs des paramètres de transport déterminées avant attaque acide (coefficient de diffusion effectif et porosité) sont cohérentes avec celles de la littérature. En outre, il apparaît que tous les matériaux ont fortement réagi aux attaques acides. Ainsi, les argilites ont vu leurs paramètres de diffusion augmenter jusqu'à un facteur deux, notamment pour les traceurs anioniques, et ce, quelque soit la proportion de minéraux carbonatées présents initialement dans les échantillons d'argilite. Les observations post-mortem ont permis l'identification d'une zone de dissolution des minéraux carbonatés en leur au sein, mais dont l'extension (400 µm au maximum) ne peut à elle seule expliquer cette importante dégradation des propriétés de confinement. Seuls des phénomènes non observables à l'échelle d'investigation, tels des effets de digitation au sein du réseau poreux pourraient en être à l'origine. Par ailleurs, les échantillons d'argilites recoupés par des fissures naturelles ont systématiquement développé des courts-circuits hydrauliques, qui s'expliquent par la mise en place d'un processus de chenalisation préférentielle au sein même de la fissure, observé au MEB-EDS et par µTomographie X. De plus, les matériaux cimentaires ont vu leurs propriétés de confinement améliorées, et ce, plus le fluide d'attaque était proche de la neutralité. Ceci est lié à l'apparition d'une croûte de calcite d'environ 30 µm d'épaisseur, situé à l'avant d'une zone de dissolution, dont l'épaisseur est proportionnelle à la quantité d'acide en solution. Cette croûte imperméable, obstruant la porosité, serait responsable de la diminution des paramètres de diffusion, observée à l'échelle de l'échantillon, ainsi que le reproduisent les simulations numériques. Enfin, les interfaces ciment/argilites n'ont pas révélé de changement de leurs propriétés de confinement à l'échelle globale, la dégradation des argilites étant compensé par l'aggradation du ciment via la formation de cette croûte de calcite.
4
Dinoi, Marta. "Analisi sperimentale dell'efficienza di un convertitore di energia ondosa di tipo OWC. Studio di un'ipotetica installazione nel porto di Cagliari." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/384/.
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Medina-López, Encarnación. "Thermodynamic processes involved in wave energy extraction." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31422.
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Wave energy is one of the most promising renewable energy sources for future exploitation. This thesis focuses on thermodynamic effects within Oscillating Water Column (OWC) devices equipped withWells turbines, particularly humidity effects. Previous theoretical studies of the operation of OWCs have resulted in expressions for the oscillation of the water surface in the chamber of an OWC based on linear wave theory, and the air expansion{compression cycle inside the air chamber based on ideal gas theory. Although in practice high humidity levels occur in OWC devices open to the sea, the influence of atmospheric conditions such as temperature and moisture on the performance of Wells turbines has not yet been studied in the field of ocean energy. Researchers have reported substantial differences between predicted and measured power output, and performance rates of OWCs presently coming into operation. The effect of moisture in the air chamber of the OWC causes variations on the atmospheric conditions near the turbine, modifying its performance and efficiency. Discrepancies in available power to the turbine are believed to be due to the humid air conditions, which had not been modelled previously. This thesis presents a study of the influence of humid air on the performance of an idealised Wells turbine in the chamber of an OWC using a real gas model. A new formulation is presented, including a modified adiabatic index, and subsequent modified thermodynamic state variables such as enthalpy, entropy and specific heat. The formulation is validated against experimental data, and found to exhibit better agreement than the ideal approach. The analysis indicates that the real gas behaviour can be explained by a non{dimensional number which depends on the local pressure and temperature in the OWC chamber. A first approach to the OWC formulation through the calculation of real air flow in the OWC is given, which predicts a 6% decrease in efficiency with respect to the ideal case when it is tested with a hypothetical pulse of pressure. This is important because accurate prediction of efficiency is essential for the optimal design and management of OWC converters. A numerical model has also been developed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to simulate the OWC characteristics in open sea. The performance of an OWC turbine is studied through the implementation of an actuator disk model in Fluent®. A set of different regular wave tests is developed in a 2D numerical wave flume. The model is tested using information obtained from experimental tests on a Wells{type turbine located in a wind tunnel. Linear response is achieved in terms of pressure drop and air flow in all cases, proving effectively the applicability of the actuator disk model to OWC devices. The numerical model is applied first to an OWC chamber containing dry air, and then to an OWC chamber containing humid air. Results from both cases are compared, and it is found that the results are sensitive to the degree of humidity of the air. Power decreases when humidity increases. Finally, results from the analytical real gas and numerical ideal gas models are compared. Very satisfactory agreement is obtained between the analytical and the numerical models when humidity is inserted in the gaseous phase. Both analytical and numerical models with humid air show considerable differences with the numerical model when dry air is considered. However, at the resonance frequency, results are independent of the gas model used. At every other frequency analysed, the real gas model predicts reduced values of power that can fall to 50% of the ideal power value when coupled to the radiation-diffraction model for regular waves. It is recommended that real gas should be considered in future analyses of Wells turbines in order to calculate accurately the efficiency and expected power of OWC devices.
6
Uzeir, Eduart. "Una rassegna delle tecnologie di comunicazione ottica senza fili." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/13271/.
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La tesi fa una panoramica delle tecnologie di comunicazione ottica, i principi di funzionamento, tecniche e strumenti utilizzati e possibili campi di applicazione. Nello specifico si esamina FSO, una tecnologia che opera nella banda delle frequenze a Infrarossi. VLC che opera nello spettro della luce visibile e UVC che opera con la luce Ultravioletta. Il terzo capitolo anlaizza LiFi, una tecnlogia che rappresenta l'evoluzione di VLC.
7
Moisel, Christoph, and Thomas Carolus. "A facility for testing the aerodynamic and acoustic performance of bidirectional air turbines for ocean wave energy conversion." Elsevier, 2016. https://publish.fid-move.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A36338.
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Bidirectional air turbines are used in oscillating water column (OWC) power plants for harnessing ocean wave energy. This paper describes the bidirectional aerodynamic and aero-acoustic facility at the University of Siegen for model air turbines performance testing. At least nine test facilities are known worldwide, but their layout, the performance testing procedure and the presentation of performance data are not standardized to this day. The layout of the facility at the University of Siegen follows ideas in ISO 5801 for fan performance testing. The pressurized air supply is bidirectional but steady-state. Achievable values of Reynolds and Mach number of the test turbines are 1,000,000 and 0.5, respectively. In addition, the facility is equipped with acoustic attenuators in the air supply for allowing synchronous determination of aerodynamic and acoustic characteristics of a turbine.
A good practice guideline for turbine performance testing and presentation is proposed by showing full sets of non-dimensional aerodynamic and acoustic performance characteristics from two sample model turbines. Eventually, a comparison of in situ data from a full-scale turbine in transient operation with scaled up steady-state model performance measurements underlines the usefulness of steady-state model performance testing.
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Monk, Kieran. "Forecasting for control and environmental impacts of wave energy converters." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/5292.
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This work is divided in to two distinct parts. In the first part a model is developed to assess the redistribution of wave energy about an offshore array of overtopping type wave energy converters. The model is based on a classical analytical solution for diffraction about a breakwater which is modified to consider an array of dissipating, reflecting and transmitting breakwater segments, which are used to approximate an overtopping type WEC array. The model is computationally efficient and phase resolving which allows the effect of wave scattering to be investigated for large domains with high resolution irregular wave distributions. It was found that the radial waves generated by the diffraction effect spreads and defocus wave energy away from the geometrical shadow of the array. This counteracts the rate of recovery of wave energy deficit from wave directional spreading. In the second part, short-term wave forecasting for pneumatic power regulation through relief valve control is investigated at the Pico oscillating water column power plant, located in the Azores. Operational data from the Pico OWC is used to develop and critically assess a number of univariate and multivariate short-term wave forecast modelling approaches. A number of relief valve control strategies, which utilise a short-term wave forecast, are also developed and assessed using a numerical time-domain wave to wire system model. A system model for the Pico OWC is developed and validated using operational data from the Pico plant. The absolute performance potential resulting from control utilising a perfect forecast is considered, in addition to the realistic potential where a forecast, realisable in real-time, is used to drive control actions. One of the proposed relief valve control strategies is within the mechanical limitations of the existing relief valve adjustment system at Pico and this strategy was deployed in real field tests. Field test results of the plant’s performance under this strategy closely matched the simulated performance and power enhancements of up to 29% were achieved in certain sea states and the expected annual power enhancement was projected to be around 10%. Simulations of the long term plant performance under the more advanced relief valve control strategies project far greater potential for enhanced power production although these could not be tested in the field due to the project limitations.
9
Horko, Michael. "CFD optimisation of an oscillating water column wave energy converter." University of Western Australia. School of Mechanical Engineering, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0089.
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Although oscillating water column type wave energy devices are nearing the stage of commercial exploitation, there is still much to be learnt about many facets of their hydrodynamic performance. This research uses the commercially available FLUENT computational fluid dynamics flow solver to model a complete OWC system in a two dimensional numerical wave tank. A key feature of the numerical modelling is the focus on the influence of the front wall geometry and in particular the effect of the front wall aperture shape on the hydrodynamic conversion efficiency. In order to validate the numerical modelling, a 1:12.5 scale experimental model has been tested in a wave tank under regular wave conditions. The effects of the front lip shape on the hydrodynamic efficiency are investigated both numerically and experimentally and the results compared. The results obtained show that with careful consideration of key modelling parameters as well as ensuring sufficient data resolution, there is good agreement between the two methods. The results of the testing have also illustrated that simple changes to the front wall aperture shape can provide marked improvements in the efficiency of energy capture for OWC type devices.
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Hutchinson, Ucrecia Faith. "Biochemical processes for Balsamic-styled vinegar engineering." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/3048.
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Thesis (PhD (Chemical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2019<br>The South African wine industry is constantly facing several challenges which affect the quality of wine, the local/global demand and consequently the revenue generated. These challenges include the ongoing drought, bush fires, climate change and several liquor amendment bills aimed at reducing alcohol consumption and alcohol outlets in South Africa. It is therefore critical for the wine industry to expand and find alternative ways in which sub-standard or surplus wine grapes can be used to prevent income losses and increase employment opportunities. Traditional Balsamic Vinegar (TBV) is a geographically and legislative protected product produced only in a small region in Italy. However, the methodology can be used to produce similar vinegars in other regions. Balsamic-styled vinegar (BSV), as defined in this thesis, is a vinegar produced by partially following the methods of TBV while applying process augmentation techniques. Balsamic-styled vinegar is proposed to be a suitable product of sub-standard quality or surplus wine grapes in South Africa. However, the production of BSV necessitates the use of cooked (high sugar) grape must which is a less favourable environment to the microorganisms used during fermentation. Factors that negatively affect the survival of the microorganisms include low water activity due to the cooking, high osmotic pressure and high acidity. To counteract these effects, methods to improve the survival of the non-Saccharomyces yeasts and acetic acid bacteria used are essential.
The primary aim of this study was to investigate several BSV process augmentation techniques such as, aeration, agitation, cell immobilization, immobilized cell reusability and oxygen mass transfer kinetics in order to improve the performance of the microbial consortium used during BSV production.
The work for this study was divided into four (4) phases. For all the phases a microbial consortium consisting of non-Saccharomyces yeasts (n=5) and acetic acid bacteria (n=5) was used. Inoculation of the yeast and bacteria occurred simultaneously. The 1st phase of the study entailed evaluating the effect of cells immobilized by gel entrapment in Ca-alginate beads alongside with free-floating cells (FFC) during the production of BSV. Two Ca-alginate bead sizes were tested i.e. small (4.5 mm) and large (8.5 mm) beads to evaluate the effects of surface area or bead size on the overall acetification rates. Ca-alginate beads and FFC fermentations were also evaluated under static and agitated (135 rpm) conditions. The 2nd phase of the study involved studying the cell adsorption technique for cell immobilization which was carried-out using corncobs (CC) and oak wood chips (OWC), while comparing to FFC fermentations. At this phase of the study, other vinegar bioreactor parameters such as agitation and aeration were studied in contrast to static fermentations. One agitation setting (135 rpm) and two aeration settings were tested i.e. high (0.3 vvm min−1) and low (0.15 vvm min−1) aeration conditions. Furthermore, to assess the variations in cell adsorption capabilities among individual yeast and AAB cells, the quantification of cells adsorbed on CC and OWC prior- and post-fermentation was conducted using the dry cell weight method.
The 3rd phase of the study entailed evaluating the reusability abilities of all the matrices (small Ca-alginate beads, CC and OWC) for successive fermentations. The immobilized cells were evaluated for reusability on two cycles of fermentation under static conditions. Furthermore, the matrices used for cell immobilization were further analysed for structure integrity by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) before and after the 1st cycle of fermentations. The 3rd phase of the study also involved the sensorial (aroma and taste) evaluations of the BSV’s obtained from the 1st cycle of fermentation in order to understand the sensorial effects of the Ca-alginate beads, CC and OWC on the final BSV. The 4th phase of the study investigated oxygen mass transfer kinetics during non-aerated and aerated BSV fermentation. The dynamic method was used to generate several dissolved oxygen profiles at different stages of the fermentation. Consequently, the data obtained from the dynamic method was used to compute several oxygen mass transfer parameters, these include oxygen uptake rate ( 𝑟𝑟𝑂𝑂2 ), the stoichiometric coefficient of oxygen consumption vs acid yield (𝑌𝑌𝑂𝑂/𝐴𝐴), the oxygen transfer rate (𝑁𝑁𝑂𝑂2 ), and the volumetric mass transfer coefficients (𝐾𝐾𝐿𝐿𝑎𝑎). During all the phases of the study samples were extracted on weekly intervals to evaluate pH, sugar, salinity, alcohol and total acidity using several analytical instruments. The 4th phase of the study involved additional analytical tools, i.e. an oxygen µsensor to evaluate dissolved oxygen and the ‘Speedy breedy’ to measure the respiratory activity of the microbial consortium used during fermentation.
The data obtained from the 1st phase of the study demonstrated that smaller Ca-alginate beads resulted in higher (4.0 g L-1 day−1) acetification rates compared to larger (3.0 g L-1 day−1) beads, while freely suspended cells resulted in the lowest (0.6 g L-1 day−1) acetification rates. The results showed that the surface area of the beads had a substantial impact on the acetification rates when gel entrapped cells were used for BSV fermentation. The 2nd phase results showed high acetification rates (2.7 g L-1 day−1) for cells immobilized on CC in contrast to cells immobilized on OWC and FFC, which resulted in similar and lower acetification rates. Agitated fermentations were unsuccessful for all the treatments (CC, OWC and FFC) studied. Agitation was therefore assumed to have promoted cell shear stress causing insufficient acetification during fermentations. Low aerated fermentations resulted in better acetification rates between 1.45–1.56 g L-1 day−1 for CC, OWC and FFC. At a higher aeration setting, only free-floating cells were able to complete fermentations with an acetification rate of 1.2 g L-1 day−1. Furthermore, the adsorption competence data showed successful adsorption on CC and OWC for both yeasts and AAB with variations in adsorption efficiencies, whereby OWC displayed a lower cell adsorption capability compared to CC. On the other hand, OWC were less efficient adsorbents due to their smooth surface, while the rough surface and porosity of CC led to improved adsorption and, therefore, enhanced acetification rates. The 3rd phase results showed a substantial decline in acetification rates on the 2nd cycle of fermentations when cells immobilized on CC and OWC were reused. While cells entrapped in Ca-alginate beads were able to complete the 2nd cycle of fermentations at reduced acetification rates compared to the 1st cycle of fermentations. The sensory results showed positive ratings for BSV’s produced using cells immobilized in Ca-alginate beads and CC. However, BSV’s produced using OWC treatments were neither ‘liked nor disliked’ by the judges. The SEM imaging results further showed a substantial loss of structural integrity for Ca-alginate beads after the 1st cycle fermentations, with minor changes in structural integrity of CC being observed after the 1st cycle fermentations. OWC displayed the same morphological structure before and after the 1st cycle fermentations which was attributed to their robustness. Although Ca-alginate beads showed a loss in structural integrity, it was still assumed that Ca-alginate beads provided better protection against the harsh environmental conditions in contrast to CC and OWC adsorbents due to the acetification rates obtained on both cycles. The 4th phase data obtained from the computations showed that non-aerated fermentations had a higher 𝑌𝑌𝑂𝑂/𝐴𝐴, 𝑟𝑟𝑂𝑂2 , 𝑁𝑁𝑂𝑂2 and a higher 𝐾𝐾𝐿𝐿𝑎𝑎 . It was clear that aerated fermentations had a lower aeration capacity due to an inappropriate aeration system design and an inappropriate fermentor. Consequently, aeration led to several detrimental biochemical changes in the fermentation medium thus affecting 𝐾𝐾𝐿𝐿𝑎𝑎 and several oxygen mass transfer parameters which serve as a driving force.
Overall, it was concluded that the best method for BSV production is the use of cells entrapped in small alginate beads or cells adsorbed on CC under static and non-aerated fermentations. This conclusion was based on several factors such as cell affinity/cell protection, acetification rates, fermentation period and sensorial contributions. However, cells entrapped in Ca-alginate beads had the highest acetification rates. The oxygen mass transfer computations demonstrated a high 𝐾𝐾𝐿𝐿𝑎𝑎 when Ca-alginate beads were used under static-non-aerated conditions compared to fermentations treated with CC. Therefore, a fermentor with a high aeration capacity needs to be designed to best suit the two BSV production systems (Ca-alginate beads and CC). It is also crucial to develop methods which can increase the robustness of Ca-alginate beads in order to improve cell retention and reduce the loss of structural integrity for subsequent cycles of fermentation. Studies to define parameters used for upscaling the BSV production process for large scale productions are also crucial.
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Lima, Yuri Theodoro Barbosa de. "Aplicação do método Design Construtal na avaliação numérica da potência hidropneumática de um dispositivo coluna de água oscilante com região de transição trapezoidal ou semicircular e estudo da influência da turbina no formato elíptico." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/153297.
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A conversão da energia das ondas dos oceanos em energia elétrica é uma alternativa para o problema da falta de combustíveis fósseis. Uma das possibilidades de aproveitamento é através de dispositivos cujo princípio de funcionamento é o de Coluna de Água Oscilante (CAO). No presente trabalho o objetivo é, através da modelagem computacional e do emprego do Design Construtal, maximizar a potência hidropneumática de um dispositivo conversor de energia das ondas do mar do tipo CAO. São analisados diferentes eixos da restrição física, no formato elíptico, que representa a turbina, e duas formas geométricas na região de transição entre a câmara hidropneumática e a chaminé do dispositivo CAO: trapezoidal e semicircular. Considerando um domínio bidimensional, as restrições para estes problemas são: Área da restrição elíptica (AR), Área total do dispositivo (AT) e razão entre a área da restrição elíptica e a área total (ϕn). Os graus de liberdade analisados são: a razão entre os comprimentos dos eixos da restrição elíptica (d1/d2) para o caso da restrição física da turbina, o ângulo de inclinação da parede (α) para o caso com região de transição trapezoidal, o raio (r) e H2/l (razão entre altura e comprimento da chaminé de saída da câmara CAO) para o caso com região de transição semicircular. Para a solução numérica é empregado um código de dinâmica dos fluidos computacional, FLUENT®, baseado no Método de Volumes Finitos (MVF). O modelo multifásico Volume of Fluid (VOF) é aplicado no tratamento da interação água-ar. O domínio computacional é representado por um tanque de ondas com um dispositivo CAO acoplado. Os resultados obtidos indicam que, para o estudo da região de transição trapezoidal o desempenho do conversor tem aproximadamente o mesmo desempenho para todas as geometrias estudadas. A região de transição semicircular, apresenta resultados para os quais foi possível otimizar a potência hidropneumática. O estudo da turbina indica que foi possível determinar uma geometria capaz de converter a energia da onda incidente ao dispositivo, sem que ocorresse a obstrução do escoamento de ar na chaminé do dispositivo CAO. Assim, mostra-se a relação entre o método Design Construtal e o clima de ondas na definição das dimensões que maximizam a potência hidropneumática.<br>The conversion of ocean’s wave energy into electrical energy is an alternative for the scarcity of fossil fuels. One of the possibilities of energy use is through devices, whose operating principle is the Oscillating Water Column (OWC). In this work the aim is, through computer modeling and the Constructal Design, to maximize hydropneumatic power of a power converter device type OWC. Different axes of physical constraint with elliptical shape, representing the effect of the turbine , are analyzed. Two geometric shapes in the transition region between the hydropneumatic chamber and the chimney OWC device, trapezoidal and semicircular, are also analyzed. Considering a two-dimensional domain the restrictions for this problem are: Elliptical restriction area (AR), Total area device (AT) and the ratio between the area of the elliptical restraint and the total area (ϕn). The considered degrees of freedom are: the ratio between the lengths of the axes (d1/d2) of the elliptical restraint, for the turbine’s physical constraint case, the inclination angle (α) of the wall for the trapezoidal transition case, and the radius (r) and H2/l (ratio between height and length of output chimney CAO) for the semicircular transition region case. For the numerical solution, a commercial code of computational fluid dynamics, FLUENT®, which is based on the Finite Volume Method (FVM), is employed. The multiphase model Volume of Fluid (VOF) is applied in the treatment of water-air interaction. The computational domain is represented by a wave tank with a fixed OWC device. The obtained results indicate that, for the study of the trapezoidal transition region, the performance of converter don’t seems to be compensatory only by changing the geometry of the trapezoidal area. However, for the semicircular transition region, it was possible to optimize a hydropneumatic power. The study of turbine effect indicates a geometry capable of converting the energy of the incident wave to the device, without obstructing the air flow in the chimney of de OWC, showing the relationship between the Constructal Design method and the wave climate in the definition of the dimensions that maximize the hydropneumatic power.
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Yu, Zhenhua. "Optical wireless communications with optical power and dynamic range constraints." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/51784.
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Along with the rapidly increasing demand for wireless data while more and more crowded radio frequency (RF) spectrum, optical wireless communications (OWC) become a promising candidate to complement conventional RF communications, especially for indoor short and medium range data transmissions. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is considered for OWC due to its ability to boost data rates. However, the average emitted optical power and dynamic range of driving signals of LEDs are two major constraints in OWC. OFDM waveforms exhibits high upper and lower peak-to-average power ratios (PAPRs), which make OFDM signals optical power inefficient and easy to violate the dynamic range of LEDs, resulting clipping and nonlinear distortions. In this dissertation, we analyze and design optical power and dynamic range constrained OWC systems, for which OFDM is our major subject. We first derive distributions of upper PAPR and lower PAPR of OWC-OFDM signals. Then we analyze the clipped OFDM signals in term of error vector magnitude (EVM), signal-to-distortion ratio (SDR), and achievable data rates under both optical power and dynamic range constraints. The next part of this dissertation is the OFDM system design for visible light communications (VLC) considering illumination requirement. We investigate the illumination-to-communication efficiency (ICE) in VLC-OFDM, and design the brightness control and flickering mitigation schemes for VLC-OFDM. In the end, to reduce the complexity of driving circuits of LEDs , we propose using delta-sigma modulators in VLC-OFDM systems to convert continuous magnitude OFDM symbols into two-level LED driver signals without loss of the communication theory advantages of OFDM.
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Afonso, Alexandre Dias. "A OMC e o meio ambiente : uma análise do caso Estados Unidos - proibição da importação de camarões e produtos derivados da camarão." Universidade Católica de Santos, 2007. http://biblioteca.unisantos.br:8181/handle/tede/105.
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Previous issue date: 2007-05-24<br>A presente dissertação pretende analisar a questão do meio ambiente no âmbito da Organização Mundial do Comércio, pois, a questão da preservação ambiental e seus recursos naturais são de vital importância para a sociedade internacional, por tratar-se de patrimônio da humanidade que deve ser preservado para as presentes e futuras gerações. Verificou-se, que o crescimento do comércio multilateral e a degradação ao meio ambiente estão intrinsecamente relacionados e para tanto a presente tese discorre.
No primeiro capitulo, discorre sobre o surgimento das instituições de caráter financeiro e comercial, bem como as primeiras rodadas de negociação do comércio multilateral e a mais importante, a rodada Uruguai, a gênese da OMC, e sua natureza jurídica, funções e estrutura.
No capitulo seguinte examina-se como eram dirimidas as controvérsias do comércio multilateral no âmbito do GATT 1947 e como são atualmente na OMC através do Anexo 2- Entendimento Relativo às Normas e Procedimentos sobre Solução de Controvérsias. Também como são estabelecidos e quais as funções dos Grupos Especiais e do Órgão de Apelação e o meio alternativo de aplicação da Arbitragem.
A terceira parte aborda os princípios de direito internacional utilizados na proteção do meio ambiente em decorrência do crescimento econômico dos Estados que buscam conciliar o crescimento e a proteção do meio ambiente.
A ultima parte dedicada a analise dos trâmites e conclusões do caso Estados Unidos proibição da importação de camarões e produtos derivados de camarão.
Por fim, uma parte conclusiva que delineia ao fato da incompletude no ordenamento jurídico da OMC em tomada de decisões que envolvam proteção ao meio ambiente, sendo certo que possa através da heterointegração utilizar-se de princípios de direito ambiental e outras normas para suprir esta lacuna de norma legal.
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Sekkiou, Imene. "Design of communication systems based on broadband sources for fiber and free space optical links." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/172542.
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[ES] Las comunicaciones ópticas inalámbricas (OWC) constituyen una tecnología muy prometedora para el desarrollo de futuras comunicaciones inalámbricas. De hecho, ha despertado un interés creciente entre los investigadores y varias empresas de todo el mundo trabajan actualmente en el desarrollo de redes inalámbricas de muy alta velocidad. Las comunidades científica e industrial consideran la OWC como una tecnología complementaria en sus diversas formas: comunicaciones ópticas en el espacio libre (FSO), comunicaciones de luz visible (VLC) o fidelidad de la luz (Li-Fi). El espectro óptico ha sido considerado durante muchos años como una gran oportunidad para las comunicaciones inalámbricas, especialmente debido a la saturación del espectro de radiofrecuencia (RF).
Esta disertación trata del uso de fuentes de banda ancha en sistemas de transmisión de luz visible (VLC), así como en sistemas de transmisión en el espectro infrarrojo por fibra óptica. En el trabajo de investigación realizado se pueden distinguir tres partes:
En la primera parte, se considera el estudio y la simulación de componentes de Diodos Emisores de Luz (LED) con el software WIEN2k centrándose en las propiedades ópticas y eléctricas de los elementos II-VI.
La segunda parte trata del diseño, la implementación y las pruebas de diferentes prototipos de comunicación VLC para la transmisión analógica y digital en modo simplex y semidúplex. Hemos demostrado un sistema OWC empleando una fuente de banda ancha (LED) para la transmisión no sólo de datos, sino también para la transmisión inalámbrica de energía. Además, se aborda el problema de la sincronización y la detección del nivel "1" o "0" de un bit en los sistemas de comunicación inalámbrica óptica implementados que surge como consecuencia de la atenuación de la luz a lo largo de la distancia y al problema de la pérdida de línea de visión (NLOS) entre el emisor y el receptor. Para hacer frente a este problema, se ha proporcionado un protocolo de comunicación que garantiza la transmisión fiable de datos digitales con un algoritmo de detección de nivel de bits adaptativo y se ha demostrado su eficacia mediante la transmisión de textos e imágenes.
Además, esta tesis aporta una solución para la implementación de transmisores multiplexados en redes con división de longitud de onda (WDM) para formatos de modulación con multiplexación por división de frecuencia ortogonal (OFDM) basados en el uso de fuentes de banda ancha en el espectro infrarrojo para redes de fibra bidireccionales centralizadas. A pesar de las limitaciones impuestas por la dispersión cromática en el uso de este tipo de fuentes ópticas, la inclusión de ciertas estructuras antes de la detección permite la transmisión de señales OFDM en enlaces ópticos. En este trabajo se ha demostrado experimentalmente la reutilización de portadoras, la asignación dinámica de ancho de banda y la transmisión de señales OFDM multibanda mediante el uso de fuentes ópticas de banda ancha en redes WDM.
Los principales resultados obtenidos en cada parte de esta tesis doctoral muestran los procedimientos de estudio, la eficacia de las soluciones propuestas y las limitaciones encontradas.<br>[CA] Les comunicacions òptiques sense fils (OWC) constitueixen una tecnologia molt prometedora per al desenvolupament de futures comunicacions sense fils. De fet, ha despertat un interés creixent entre els investigadors i diverses empreses de tot el món treballen actualment en el desenvolupament de xarxes sense fils de molt alta velocitat. Les comunitats científica i industrial consideren la OWC com una tecnologia complementària en les seues diverses formes: comunicacions òptiques en l'espai lliure (FSO), comunicacions de llum visible (VLC) o fidelitat de la llum (Li-Fi).
L'espectre òptic ha sigut considerat durant molts anys com una gran oportunitat per a les comunicacions sense fils, especialment a causa de la saturació de l'espectre de radiofreqüència (RF).
Aquesta dissertació tracta de l'ús de fonts de banda ampla en sistemes de transmissió de llum visible (VLC), així com en sistemes de transmissió en l'espectre infraroig per fibra òptica. En el treball de recerca realitzat es poden distingir tres parts:
¿ En la primera part, es considera l'estudi i la simulació de components de Díodes Emissors de Llum (LED) amb el software WIEN2k centrant-se en les propietats òptiques i elèctriques dels elements II-VI.
¿ La segona part tracta del disseny, la implementació i les proves de diferents prototips de comunicació VLC per a la transmissió analògica i digital de manera simplex i semidúplex. Hem demostrat un sistema OWC emprant una font de banda ampla (LED) per a la transmissió no sols de dades, sinó també per a la transmissió sense fil d'energia. A més, s'aborda el problema de la sincronització i la detecció del nivell "1" o "0" d'un bit en els sistemes de comunicació sense fil òptica implementats, que sorgeix a conseqüència de l'atenuació de la llum al llarg de la distància i al problema de la pèrdua de línia de visió (NLOS) entre l'emissor i el receptor. Per a fer front a aquest problema, s'ha proporcionat un protocol de comunicació que garanteix la transmissió fiable de dades digitals amb un algorisme de detecció de nivell de bits adaptatiu i s'ha demostrat la seua eficàcia mitjançant la transmissió de textos i imatges.
¿ A més, aquesta tesi aporta una solució per a la implementació de transmissors multiplexats en xarxes amb divisió de longitud d'ona (WDM) per a formats de modulació amb multiplexació per divisió de freqüència ortogonal (OFDM) basats en l'ús de fonts de banda ampla en l'espectre infraroig per a xarxes de fibra bidireccionals centralitzades. Malgrat les limitacions imposades per la dispersió cromàtica en l'ús d'aquest tipus de fonts òptiques, la inclusió d'unes certes estructures abans de la detecció permet la transmissió de senyals OFDM en enllaços òptics. En aquest treball s'ha demostrat experimentalment la reutilització de portadores, l'assignació dinàmica d'amplada de banda i la transmissió de senyals OFDM multibanda mitjançant l'ús de fonts òptiques de banda ampla en xarxes WDM.
Els principals resultats obtinguts en cada part d'aquesta tesi doctoral mostren els procediments d'estudi, l'eficàcia de les solucions proposades i les limitacions trobades.<br>[EN] Optical wireless communication (OWC) is a very promising technology for future wireless communications developments. It has attracted increasing interest from researchers and several companies around the world are currently working on the development of very high-speed wireless networks. The scientific and industrial communities believe that OWC will be a complementary technology in its various forms: Free Space Optical communications (FSO), Visible Light Communications (VLC), Light Fidelity (Li-Fi).
In fact, the optical spectrum has been considered for many years as a great opportunity for wireless communications especially due to the saturation of the radio frequency (RF) spectrum.
This dissertation deals with the use of broadband sources in visible light transmission systems (VLC) as well as fiber optic systems. To carry out the research, three parts can be distinguished:
In the first part, we consider the study and simulation of Light Emitting Diode (LED) components with the WIEN2k software by focusing on the optical and electrical properties of elements II-VI.
The second part deals with the design, implementation and testing of different VLC communication prototypes for analog and digital transmission in simplex and half-duplex mode. We have demonstrated that an OWC system using a broadband source (i.e. an LED) can be used not only for data transmission, but also for wireless power transmission. Moreover, the synchronization problem and the detection of level "1" or "0" of a bit often arise in the optical wireless communication systems. This is a result of the attenuation nature of the light over the distance and the problem of Non Line-Of-Sight (NLOS) between the emitter and the receiver. To deal with this problem, a communication protocol ensuring reliable digital data transmission with an adaptive bit level detection algorithm has been provided and its effectiveness has been demonstrated by the transmission of texts and images.
In addition, this thesis provides a solution for the implementation of wavelength division multiplexed - orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (WDM-OFDM) transmitters based on the use of broadband sources in the infrared spectrum for centralized bidirectional fiber networks. Despite the chromatic dispersion that avoids the use of this type of optical sources, the inclusion of certain structures before detection allows the transmission of OFDM signals in optical links. Carrier reuse, dynamic bandwidth allocation and multiband OFDM signals transmission will be experimentally demonstrated by using optical broadband sources in WDM networks.
The main results obtained during this thesis work demonstrate the study procedures, for each part, the effectiveness of the proposed solutions as well as the constraints encountered.<br>Sekkiou, I. (2021). Design of communication systems based on broadband sources for fiber and free space optical links [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/172542<br>TESIS
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Klarin, Christoffer. "Utredning och implementation av OPC-kommunikation med .NET." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Avdelningen för fysik och elektroteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-13624.
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Syftet med det här examensarbetet är att utreda OPC-standarderna OPC Data Access och motsvarande del i OPC Unified Architecture, samt att implementera OPC-kommunikation i ett system. Behovet av en kommunikationsstandard föddes ur det interoperabilitetsproblem som fanns inom framförallt industriella produktionssystem. Med ett OPC-gränssnitt implementerat mellan en datakälla och applikation kan datautbytet ske på ett standardiserat sätt. OPC Foundation, som är en organisation som tillhandahåller olika OPC-standarder, har idag utvecklat två OPC-standarder, Classic OPC och OPC Unified Architecture. Classic OPC består av ett antal specifikationer som är baserade på COM- och DCOM-gränssnitten, vilket gör att dessa specifikationer är bundna till Windowsplattformen. OPC Unified Architecture erbjuder ett säkrare och mer mångsidigt kommunikationsgränssnitt än vad Classic OPC-standarden ger, tack vare dess kommunikationsstack. Den praktiska biten i projektet bestod av att implementera OPC-kommunikation i ett system. Två delmoment som ingick i implementeringen var att skapa en testmiljö samt att utveckla en applikation ovanpå klassbibliotek som behandlade kommunikation mot OPC DA- respektive OPC UA-servrar. OPC Unified Architecture-standarden definierar endast formatet på meddelandet innan det kommer fram till kommunikationsstacken. Det här öppnar upp för möjligheten att i framtiden erbjuda kommunikationsstackar som kommunicerar enligt andra protokoll och formateringar, vilket gör att OPC Unified Architecture kommer att kunna anpassas efter framtida behov och på så sätt kommer att vara ett alternativ för interoperabilitet i system under en lång tid framöver.<br>The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the OPC standard OPC Data Access and the corresponding part in OPC Unified Architecture, and to implement OPC communication in a system. The need for a communication standard was born out of the interoperability problems that existed mainly in industrial production systems. With an OPC interface implemented between a data source and an application, the data exchange can be done in a standardized way. OPC Foundation, which is an organization that provides various OPC standards, has now developed two OPC standards, Classic OPC and OPC Unified Architecture. Classic OPC is a set of specifications that are based on COM and DCOM interfaces, which means that these specifications are tied to the Windows platform. OPC Unified Architecture provides a safer and more versatile communications interfaces than the Classic OPC standard provides, thanks to the communication stack. The practical bit of the project consisted of implementing OPC communication in a system. Two parts that were included in the implementation was to create a test environment and to develop an application on top of the class library that dealt with communication with OPC DA and OPC UA servers. The OPC Unified Architecture standard defines only the format of the message before it reaches the communication stack. This makes it possible to provide communication stacks that communicate according to other protocols and formats in the future, which allowing OPC Unified Architecture to be adaptable to future needs and thus will be an option for an interoperable system for a long time to come.
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Hromek, Jiří. "Komunikace OPC serverů se systémem MES (COMES)." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-220142.
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The presenting master`s thesis is concerned with leveraging the CCI system COMES firm COMPAS as OPC client. It was described data transfer architecture based OPC server OPC Client with OPC specifications and standards. Further, it was done the analysis of OPC servers from different manufacturers. The output of the thesis is conception and testing methodology of communication CCI module mode OPC client and OPC servers from different manufacturers.
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Weigelt-Schlesinger, Yvonne. "Geschlechterstereotype - Qualifikationsbarrieren von Frauen in der Fußballtrainerausbildung? /." Hamburg : Cwalina, 2008. http://www.feldhausverlag.de/osc/catalog/pdf/9783880205086_txt.pdf.
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Fritz, Thomas. "Stark durch Sport - stark durch Alkohol? eine Untersuchung an jugendlichen Vereinsfussballern." Hamburg Czwalina, 2005. http://www.feldhausverlag.de/osc/catalog/pdf/3880204772_inh.pdf.
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Laubinger, Tina. "Die internationale Zuständigkeit der Gerichte für Patentstreitsachen in Europa vom nationalen Patent über das europäische Patent zum Gemeinschaftspatent." Hamburg Feldhaus, 2005. http://www.feldhausverlag.de/osc/catalog/pdf/3882644133_inh.pdf.
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Extra, Alexander. "Sport in deutscher Kurzprosa des zwanzigsten Jahrhunderts oder zwischen Bruderliebe und Bruderhass Untergangsszenarien und Sportutopien in deutscher Sportkurzprosa." Hamburg Czwalina, 2005. http://www.feldhausverlag.de/osc/catalog/pdf/3880204691_inh.pdf.
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Schliermann, Rainer. "Entwicklung eines Selbstlernprogramms zur Burnoutprävention bei Fussballtrainern theoretische und empirische Grundlagen der Gestaltung eines Trainingsmanuals." Hamburg Czwalina, 2004. http://www.feldhausverlag.de/osc/catalog/pdf/3880204470_inh.pdf.
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Fritzen, Wolfgang. "Verantwortungsbereiche im Steuerstrafrecht Beihilfe durch neutrale Handlungen von Steuerberatern und Bankmitarbeitern." Hamburg Feldhaus, 2005. http://www.feldhausverlag.de/osc/catalog/pdf/3882644370_inh.pdf.
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Fritzen, Wolfgang. "Verantwortungsbereiche im Steuerstrafrecht : Beihilfe durch neutrale Handlungen von Steuerberatern und Bankmitarbeitern /." Hamburg : Feldhaus, 2006. http://www.feldhausverlag.de/osc/catalog/pdf/3882644370_inh.pdf.
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Seifert, Megan L. "Prudent mothers? paternal investment, female reproductive strategies and offspring development in the barn owl (Tyto alba) /." Online access for everyone, 2007. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Fall2007/m_seifert_120507.pdf.
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Akander, Jan. "The ORC method." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Building Sciences and Engineering, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-2931.
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<p>The ORC Method (Optimised RC-networks) provides a means ofmodelling one- or multidimensional heat transfer in buildingcomponents, in this context within building simulationenvironments. The methodology is shown, primarily applied toheat transfer in multilayer building components. For multilayerbuilding components, the analytical thermal performance isknown, given layer thickness and material properties. The aimof the ORC Method is to optimise the values of the thermalresistances and heat capacities of an RC-model such as to givemodel performance a good agreement with the analyticalperformance, for a wide range of frequencies. The optimisationprocedure is made in the frequency domain, where the over-alldeviation between model and analytical frequency response, interms of admittance and dynamic transmittance, is minimised. Itis shown that ORC's are effective in terms of accuracy andcomputational time in comparison to finite difference modelswhen used in building simulations, in this case with IDA/ICE.An ORC configuration of five mass nodes has been found to modelbuilding components in Nordic countries well, within theapplication of thermal comfort and energy requirementsimulations.</p><p>Simple RC-networks, such as the surface heat capacity andthe simple R-C-configuration are not appropriate for detailedbuilding simulation. However, these can be used as basis fordefining the effective heat capacity of a building component.An approximate method is suggested on how to determine theeffective heat capacity without the use of complex numbers.This entity can be calculated on basis of layer thickness andmaterial properties with the help of two time constants. Theapproximate method can give inaccuracies corresponding to20%.</p><p>In-situ measurements have been carried out in anexperimental building with the purpose of establishing theeffective heat capacity of external building components thatare subjected to normal thermal conditions. The auxiliary wallmethod was practised and the building was subjected toexcitation with radiators. In a comparison, there werediscrepancies between analytical and measured effective heatcapacities. It was found that high-frequency discrepancies wereto a large extent caused by the heat flux sensors.Low-frequency discrepancies are explained by the fact that theexterior climate contained other frequencies than those assumedin the interior climate.</p><p><b>Key words</b>: Building component, building simulation, heattransfer, thermal performance, frequency response, RC-network,finite difference model.</p>
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Černý, Jakub. "Projekt ORC cyklu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231695.
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The aim of this thesis is the project for biomass cogeneration units using ORC cycle and subsequent use of thermal energy for drying wood biomass for a briquetting line. The introducing sections describe the principle of cogeneration, organic Rankine cycle (primarily the indication of potential applications and their use in practice) and the selection of the proper working fluid. The following sections provide a technical description of the selected plants for cogeneration unit, total circulation scheme and calculation of the evaporator working fluid. The last section is devoted to the economic evaluation of three variants according to the investor's task to design a better option for implementation.
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Lilliefelth, Miccis, and Myrén Lovisa Borssén. "If you book on your own, you travel on your own." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-60401.
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Syfte och forskningsfrågor Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka hur resebyråer möter konsumenters behov i det digitala samhället som präglas av en hård konkurrens. Vi vill också klargöra hur resebyråer konkurrerar i en ny konkurrensmiljö. Vidare vill vi belysa hur förändringar i omvärlden har lett till förändringar i resebranschen. Utifrån vårt syfte kommer vi även att besvara följande forskningsfrågor: 1. Hur arbetar resebyråer med sociala medier som marknadsföringskanal? 2. Hur ser resebyråer på konsumenters roll som aktiva medaktörer? 3. Hur arbetar resebyråer med personlig service? Metod Studien är baserad på en kvalitativ undersökning. Den har en induktiv ansats med deduktiva inslag. Den empiriska datan är insamlad genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med sju personer som har branschkunskap gällande turism eller har en anknytning och inblick i hur resebyråer arbetar. Slutsatser Turismbranschen är en bransch som genomgått stora förändringar. För att traditionella resebyråer ska kunna fungera som konkurrenskraftiga mellanhänder i dagens digitala samhälle behöver dess tjänsteerbjudande byggas kring personlig service, kunskap och trygghet. Serviceerbjudandet måste också anpassas efter konsumenters förändrade roll samt kunna levereras via nya digitala verktyg så som sociala medier. Nyckelord Digitalisering, resebyråer, personlig service, konkurrens, kundmedverkan och sociala medier<br>Purpose and research questions The purpose of this thesis is to examine how travel agencies meet the need of consumers in the digital society that is characterized by competiveness. We also want to observe how travel agencies work to be competitive in a new competitive environment. Further more we would like to examine how changes in the society have led to changes in the travel industry. From this purpose we would like to answer these following research questions: 1. How do travel agencies work with social media as a marketing tool? 2. How do travel agencies look upon consumer’s role as active participators? 3. How do travel agencies work with personal service? Method This study is based on a qualitative research. It has a inductive approach with some incorporating deductive aspects in order to investigate the above questions. During the study we collected empirical data through semi-structured interviews with seven persons that has knowledge within the field of tourism or some kind of connection and insight in how travel agencies work. Conclusion The tourism industry has been through a lot of changes. For traditional travel agencies to be able to function as competitive intermediaries in today’s digital society there is a need for the service offer to be built around personal service, knowledge and safety. The service offer also have to be adjusted after the consumers changed role and be delivered through new digital tools such as social media. Keywords Digitalization, travel agencies, personal service, competition, customer participation and social media
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Preto, Carolina Cristina [UNESP]. "Os Estados Unidos e o Órgão de Solução de Controvérsias (OSC) da OMC: Um estudo da participação dos EUA na criação e no uso do mecanismo." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/136379.
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Previous issue date: 2016-02-25<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)<br>Este trabalho tem como objetivos a) entender o contexto histórico e as motivações que levaram os Estados Unidos a propor uma reforma ambiciosa do mecanismo de solução de disputas comerciais do GATT e a apoiar a criação da OMC durante a Rodada Uruguai (1986-1994); e b) investigar a participação norte-americana no uso do sistema de resolução de disputas reformado que resultou das referidas negociações. Embora tenha sido fortemente advogada pelos EUA, a reforma do mecanismo foi descrita por alguns estudiosos como uma inovação institucional que reduziu a influência norte-americana sobre os processos de resolução de controvérsias, introduzindo maior igualdade às relações comerciais entre Estados com poderes assimétricos. Ao examinar o desempenho dos EUA em casos levados à OMC entre 1995 e 2013 e compará-lo com o de outros membros da instituição, tentamos avaliar a validade do argumento acima mencionado, como também, as posições de perspectivas teóricas opostas. Identificamos um padrão na participação dos EUA nos casos do OSC da OMC que é significativamente distinto do de outros membros da instituição, sugerindo que o país teve um desempenho mais favorável, principalmente nas fases iniciais das ações. A principal evidência encontrada nessa direção diz respeito à proporção de divergências que são solucionadas por meio de acordos entre as partes. Em comparação à média geral dos demais membros da instituição, os EUA se destacaram por obter um número elevado de acordos quando eram os reclamantes. Por outro lado, na condição de parte denunciada, o país se diferenciou por firmar uma porcentagem muito menor de acordos. Nesse sentido, os resultados obtidos em nosso estudo sugerem que, como era a situação no GATT, de forma geral, os EUA continuam mais capazes que outros atores de contestar com sucesso as políticas de seus parceiros comerciais pela via multilateral e, ao mesmo tempo, de minimizar alterações das suas próprias práticas.<br>This study aims a) to understand the historical context and the motivations that led the United States to propose an ambitious reform of the GATT trade dispute settlement mechanism and to support the establishment of the WTO during the Uruguay Round (1986-1994); and b) to investigate the US participation in the use of the reformed dispute settlement system that resulted from these negotiations. Despite being strongly advocated by the US, the reform of the mechanism has been described by some scholars as an institutional innovation that has significantly reduced the American influence on the process of resolving disputes, introducing greater equality in the trade relations between states with asymmetric powers. By examining the US performance in cases brought to the WTO between 1995 and 2013 and comparing it with that of other members of the institution, we try to assess the validity of the argument mentioned above as well as the positions of opposing theoretical perspectives. We identified a pattern in US participation in the WTO’s DSB cases that is significantly different from that of other members of the organization, suggesting that it had a more favorable performance, especially in the early stages of an action. The main evidence found in this direction regards the proportion of disputes that are resolved by an agreement between the parties involved. When compared to the general average of other members of the institution, the United States stood out for obtaining a large number of agreements when acting as plaintiffs. By contrast, in the position of the demanded party, it further differentiated itself by reaching a much smaller percentage of agreements. In this sense, the results obtained in our study suggest that, as was the situation in the GATT, the US remains generally more capable than other actors to successfully challenge the policies of its trading partners through the multilateral via and, at the same time, to minimize changes to its own practices.
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Preto, Carolina. "Os Estados Unidos e o Órgão de Solução de Controvérsias (OSC) da OMC : um estudo da participação dos EUA na criação e no uso do mecanismo /." Campinas, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/136379.
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Orientador: Sebastião Carlos Velasco e Cruz<br>Banca: Tullo Vigevani<br>Banca: Flávia de Campos Mello<br>Banca: Solange Reis Ferreira<br>Banca: Filipe Almeida do Prado Mendonça<br>O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Relações Internacionais é instituído em parceria com a Unesp/Unicamp/PUC-SP, em projeto subsidiado pela CAPES, intitulado "Programa San Tiago Dantas"<br>Resumo: Este trabalho tem como objetivos a) entender o contexto histórico e as motivações que levaram os Estados Unidos a propor uma reforma ambiciosa do mecanismo de solução de disputas comerciais do GATT e a apoiar a criação da OMC durante a Rodada Uruguai (1986-1994); e b) investigar a participação norte-americana no uso do sistema de resolução de disputas reformado que resultou das referidas negociações. Embora tenha sido fortemente advogada pelos EUA, a reforma do mecanismo foi descrita por alguns estudiosos como uma inovação institucional que reduziu a influência norte-americana sobre os processos de resolução de controvérsias, introduzindo maior igualdade às relações comerciais entre Estados com poderes assimétricos. Ao examinar o desempenho dos EUA em casos levados à OMC entre 1995 e 2013 e compará-lo com o de outros membros da instituição, tentamos avaliar a validade do argumento acima mencionado, como também, as posições de perspectivas teóricas opostas. Identificamos um padrão na participação dos EUA nos casos do OSC da OMC que é significativamente distinto do de outros membros da instituição, sugerindo que o país teve um desempenho mais favorável, principalmente nas fases iniciais das ações. A principal evidência encontrada nessa direção diz respeito à proporção de divergências que são solucionadas por meio de acordos entre as partes. Em comparação à média geral dos demais membros da instituição, os EUA se destacaram por obter um número elevado de acordos quando eram os reclamantes. Por outro lado, na condição de parte denunciada, o país se diferenciou por firmar uma porcentagem muito menor de acordos. Nesse sentido, os resultados obtidos em nosso estudo sugerem que, como era a situação no GATT, de forma geral, os EUA continuam mais capazes que outros atores de contestar com sucesso as políticas de seus parceiros comerciais pela via...<br>Abstract: This study aims a) to understand the historical context and the motivations that led the United States to propose an ambitious reform of the GATT trade dispute settlement mechanism and to support the establishment of the WTO during the Uruguay Round (1986-1994); and b) to investigate the US participation in the use of the reformed dispute settlement system that resulted from these negotiations. Despite being strongly advocated by the US, the reform of the mechanism has been described by some scholars as an institutional innovation that has significantly reduced the American influence on the process of resolving disputes, introducing greater equality in the trade relations between states with asymmetric powers. By examining the US performance in cases brought to the WTO between 1995 and 2013 and comparing it with that of other members of the institution, we try to assess the validity of the argument mentioned above as well as the positions of opposing theoretical perspectives. We identified a pattern in US participation in the WTO's DSB cases that is significantly different from that of other members of the organization, suggesting that it had a more favorable performance, especially in the early stages of an action. The main evidence found in this direction regards the proportion of disputes that are resolved by an agreement between the parties involved. When compared to the general average of other members of the institution, the United States stood out for obtaining a large number of agreements when acting as plaintiffs. By contrast, in the position of the demanded party, it further differentiated itself by reaching a much smaller percentage of agreements. In this sense, the results obtained in our study suggest that, as was the situation in the GATT, the US remains generally more capable than other actors to successfully challenge the policies of its trading partners through the multilateral...<br>Doutor
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Boussebt, Amina. "Etude et mise en oeuvre de la technologie Li-Fi pour un lit de bébé connecté sans fil et sans radio." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Limoges, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LIMO0091.
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Le domaine de la télésurveillance a connu un grand essor ces dernières décennies et concerne divers contextes par exemple en milieu hospitalier, en maison de retraite, chez les particuliers. La majorité des systèmes de télésurveillance existants aujourd’hui reposent sur la technologie des radiofréquences (RF). Nous proposons dans cette thèse, des travaux portant sur la télésurveillance dans un contexte nouveau qui concerne une crèche. Les RF présentant certains inconvénients, comme l’impact des interférences électromagnétiques, mais aussi des failles de sécurité, une solution alternative est la technologie de communication par optique sans fil. Ainsi, nous avons étudié l'utilisation de la technologie infrarouge pour la transmission simultanée de données issues de capteurs placés sur les pieds des lits de bébé mais aussi sur les bébés couchés dans leur lit au sein de la crèche. Le système de réception est constitué de photodiodes situées aux coins d'un panneau d'éclairage central au plafond de l'environnement. La simulation du canal réalisée grâce à la technique de lancer de rayons associés à la méthode de Monte-Carlo a permis de déterminer le gain du canal pour chaque dispositif. Plusieurs scénarios de déploiement ont été définis en considérant le caractère amovible ou fixe des dispositifs et l’interchangeabilité des lits dans la pièce. Le partage du canal utilise la technique d’accès multiple par répartition de codes (OCDMA) associée aux codes optiques orthogonaux (OOC) dont la principale limitation est l’interférence d’accès multiple (IAM). Les performances de la modulation binaire par position d’impulsion (2-PPM) avec OCDMA et un décodage souple en réception ont été établies théoriquement et par simulation pour les différents scénarios définis considérant un réseau de 11 utilisateurs constitué de 8 lits et 3 dispositifs portés par des bébés. Les résultats ont été obtenus avec des récepteurs conventionnels par corrélation sans et avec limiteur puis un récepteur à annulation parallèle d’interférence plus efficace pour réduire l’impact de l’IAM. De plus, la faisabilité de l’utilisation de la technique OCDMA pour la transmission simultanée en optique sans fil a été mise en évidence par des expérimentations menées grâce à un banc de test développé en radio logicielle. Le banc a été mis en place, en utilisant des USRP (Universal Software Radio Peripheral) et des front-ends optique sans fil développés spécifiquement<br>The field of the remote monitoring has experienced significant advancements in recent decades, and now covers different contexts, such as hospitals, retirement homes, and private homes also. The majority of existing systems are based on radio frequency technology (RF).We propose in this thesis, research focused on remote monitoring in a new context involving a nursery. Given the limitations of RF technology, including the impact of electromagnetic interference, and security vulnerabilities, an alternative solution is optical wireless communication technology. Therefore, we investigated the use of infrared technology for simultaneous transmission of data collected from sensors placed on the foot of baby beds, and also on the babies themselves lying in their beds within the nursery. The reception system consists of photodiodes positioned at the corners of a central lighting panel on the celling. The channel simulation carried out using ray-tracing and Monte-Carlo methods was used to determine the channel gain for each device. Several deployment scenarios were defined, considering the nature of the devices (removable or fixed) and the interchangeability of beds in the room. The channel sharing employs the code division multiple access (OCDMA) associated with the optical orthogonal codes (OOC) with the primary constraint being the137 multiple access interference (MAI). The performance of binary pulse position modulation (2- PPM) with OCDMA and soft decoding in reception was studied theoretically and by simulation involving the different scenarios. These scenarios consider a network of 11 users, consisting of 8 beds and 3 devices carried by babies. Results were obtained using the conventional correlation receiver without and with hard limiters, as well as a parallel interference cancellation receiver to reduce the impact of MAI. Additionally, the feasibility of implementing OCDMA technology for simultaneous optical wireless communication transmission was demonstrated through experimental work using a test bench developed in software-defined radio. The test bench was established using universal software radio peripheral (USRP), and specially designed wireless optical front-ends
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Smith, Rhonda F. "Investigating raptor migration behavior using orientation cages and wing measurements : a comparison of the flammulated owl and northern saw-whet owl in southwestern Idaho /." [Boise, Idaho] : Boise State University, 2009. http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/td/28/.
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Johansen, Justin K. "The Impact of OpenCourseWare on Paid Enrollment in Distance Learning Courses." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2009. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd3317.pdf.
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Eriksson, Tobias. "Facilitating communication via the Orc protocol : Facilitating communication via the Orc protocol." Thesis, KTH, Kommunikationssystem, CoS, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-92010.
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This master thesis project took place at Orc Software. This company provides technology for advanced trading, market making, and brokerage. The Orc System is based on a client/server architecture. The ordinary way to communicate with the Orc Server System is via the Orc Client Applications, such as Orc Trader or Orc Broker. Additionally, there is another way to communicate with the Orc Server System without using an Orc Client Application. There is a service within the Orc Server System which provides an interface for communication with the Orc Server System. Clients can communicate via this interface using the Orc Protocol (OP). Banks and brokers usually have different systems that are specialized for different needs. Often there is a need to integrate these systems with the Orc Server. In order to simplify the integration for customers with modest programming experience in TCP/IP and parsing techniques, Orc Software would like to provide an example parser/generator capable of communication with the Orc Server System free of charge. This thesis introduces a toolkit consisting of a parser/generator and a sample application. The application provides several examples as well as serves as verification to the customers of how simple it is to develop their own applications by utilizing the different OP messages. A comparison was made between the newly created OP parser/generator and a manually generated FIX client using the FIX gateway which ORC Software AB also sells. This evaluation shows that OP parser/generator is both faster and less memory demanding than the manually generated FIX client.<br>Det här examensarbetet är utfört på Orc Software, som utvecklar system för avancerad handel, market making samt mäkleri. Detta system är baserat på en klient/server arkitektur. Normalt sker kommunikationen med Orc Servern via Orc klient applikationer som Orc Trader eller Orc Broker. Men det finns även ytterligare ett sätt att kommunicera med Orc Servern utan att använda Orc klient applikationer. Det finns en tjänst i Orc Servern som tillhandahåller ett gränssnitt som går att kommunicera med genom att använda Orc Protocol (OP) meddelanden. Banker och mäklare har vanligtvis flera olika system som alla är specialiserade för olika behov. Detta gör att det ofta finns ett behov att integrera dessa system med Orc Servern. För att kunna underlätta integrationen för kunder med låga kunskaper i TCP/IP och parsing teknik, vill Orc Software tillhandahålla en gratis parser/genererare som kan kommunicera med Orc Server Systemet. Examensarbetet introducerar ett paket innehållande en parser/genererare och ett exempelprogram. Programmet visar ett par exempel samt fungerar som bekräftelse på hur enkelt det kan vara att utveckla ett eget program som använder sig av del olika OP meddelanden. Avslutningsvis presenteras en utvärderingsstudie mellan den utvecklade parser/generator och en manuellt genererad FIX klient som använder en FIX gateway som Orc Software också säljer. Utvärderingen visar att parser/genereraren är både snabbare och använder mindre minne än FIX klienten.
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Tumedei, Gianni. "Il protocollo OPC UA." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/19780/.
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Negli ultimi anni, l’automazione dei processi produttivi sta causando un incremento esponenziale della quantità e delle tipologie di oggetti interconnessi e comunicanti negli impianti di produzione. Tutti questi sistemi devono essere in grado di comunicare tra di loro, nonché che con applicativi HMI (Human-Machine Interface) e gestionali, per scambiarsi tutte le informazioni utili al processo produttivo, e devono poterlo fare in maniera rapida e sicura.
La tesi in oggetto analizza nel dettaglio il protocollo OPC Unified Architecture, una soluzione per lo scambio di informazioni in ambito industriale.
Vengono studiati i servizi offerti da OPC UA che, essendo forniti in maniera astratta e con mapping su varie tecnologie, lo rendono indipendente dalla piattaforma e dal mezzo di comunicazione.
Viene poi analizzato nel dettaglio lo standard di Information Modelling di OPC UA, che permette di gestire virtualmente ogni genere di informazione e dà la possibilità ai venditori di modellare tipi di dato complessi specifici alle loro esigenze.
L’architettura di sicurezza di OPC UA è un altro punto di attenzione, in grado di garantire confidenzialità e non ripudiabilità dei dati.
Grazie al concetto dei profili e alle innumerevoli modalità di comunicazione offerte, viene spiegato come OPC UA costituisce come una valida soluzione per una gamma molto ampia di prodotti, da sistemi embedded per il rilevamento dati a software MES ed ERP.
Infine, vengono introdotti alcuni stack OPC UA open source, e per uno di essi è presentata una demo software.
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Lehmann, Jens. "Learning OWL Class Expressions." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-38351.
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With the advent of the Semantic Web and Semantic Technologies, ontologies have become one of the most prominent paradigms for knowledge representation and reasoning. The popular ontology language OWL, based on description logics, became a W3C recommendation in 2004 and a standard for modelling ontologies on the Web. In the meantime, many studies and applications using OWL have been reported in research and industrial environments, many of which go beyond Internet usage and employ the power of ontological modelling in other fields such as biology, medicine, software engineering, knowledge management, and cognitive systems.
However, recent progress in the field faces a lack of well-structured ontologies with large amounts of instance data due to the fact that engineering such ontologies requires a considerable investment of resources. Nowadays, knowledge bases often provide large volumes of data without sophisticated schemata. Hence, methods for automated schema acquisition and maintenance are sought. Schema acquisition is closely related to solving typical classification problems in machine learning, e.g. the detection of chemical compounds causing cancer. In this work, we investigate both, the underlying machine learning techniques and their application to knowledge acquisition in the Semantic Web.
In order to leverage machine-learning approaches for solving these tasks, it is required to develop methods and tools for learning concepts in description logics or, equivalently, class expressions in OWL. In this thesis, it is shown that methods from Inductive Logic Programming (ILP) are applicable to learning in description logic knowledge bases. The results provide foundations for the semi-automatic creation and maintenance of OWL ontologies, in particular in cases when extensional information (i.e. facts, instance data) is abundantly available, while corresponding intensional information (schema) is missing or not expressive enough to allow powerful reasoning over the ontology in a useful way. Such situations often occur when extracting knowledge from different sources, e.g. databases, or in collaborative knowledge engineering scenarios, e.g. using semantic wikis. It can be argued that being able to learn OWL class expressions is a step towards enriching OWL knowledge bases in order to enable powerful reasoning, consistency checking, and improved querying possibilities. In particular, plugins for OWL ontology editors based on learning methods are developed and evaluated in this work.
The developed algorithms are not restricted to ontology engineering and can handle other learning problems. Indeed, they lend themselves to generic use in machine learning in the same way as ILP systems do. The main difference, however, is the employed knowledge representation paradigm: ILP traditionally uses logic programs for knowledge representation, whereas this work rests on description logics and OWL. This difference is crucial when considering Semantic Web applications as target use cases, as such applications hinge centrally on the chosen knowledge representation format for knowledge interchange and integration. The work in this thesis can be understood as a broadening of the scope of research and applications of ILP methods. This goal is particularly important since the number of OWL-based systems is already increasing rapidly and can be expected to grow further in the future.
The thesis starts by establishing the necessary theoretical basis and continues with the specification of algorithms. It also contains their evaluation and, finally, presents a number of application scenarios. The research contributions of this work are threefold:
The first contribution is a complete analysis of desirable properties of refinement operators in description logics. Refinement operators are used to traverse the target search space and are, therefore, a crucial element in many learning algorithms. Their properties (completeness, weak completeness, properness, redundancy, infinity, minimality) indicate whether a refinement operator is suitable for being employed in a learning algorithm. The key research question is which of those properties can be combined. It is shown that there is no ideal, i.e. complete, proper, and finite, refinement operator for expressive description logics, which indicates that learning in description logics is a challenging machine learning task. A number of other new results for different property combinations are also proven. The need for these investigations has already been expressed in several articles prior to this PhD work. The theoretical limitations, which were shown as a result of these investigations, provide clear criteria for the design of refinement operators. In the analysis, as few assumptions as possible were made regarding the used description language.
The second contribution is the development of two refinement operators. The first operator supports a wide range of concept constructors and it is shown that it is complete and can be extended to a proper operator. It is the most expressive operator designed for a description language so far. The second operator uses the light-weight language EL and is weakly complete, proper, and finite. It is straightforward to extend it to an ideal operator, if required. It is the first published ideal refinement operator in description logics. While the two operators differ a lot in their technical details, they both use background knowledge efficiently.
The third contribution is the actual learning algorithms using the introduced operators. New redundancy elimination and infinity-handling techniques are introduced in these algorithms. According to the evaluation, the algorithms produce very readable solutions, while their accuracy is competitive with the state-of-the-art in machine learning. Several optimisations for achieving scalability of the introduced algorithms are described, including a knowledge base fragment selection approach, a dedicated reasoning procedure, and a stochastic coverage computation approach.
The research contributions are evaluated on benchmark problems and in use cases. Standard statistical measurements such as cross validation and significance tests show that the approaches are very competitive. Furthermore, the ontology engineering case study provides evidence that the described algorithms can solve the target problems in practice. A major outcome of the doctoral work is the DL-Learner framework. It provides the source code for all algorithms and examples as open-source and has been incorporated in other projects.
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Muñoz, Rodrigo, and Fovad Adami. "Bring Your Own Device." Thesis, KTH, Data- och elektroteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-102998.
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Detta examensarbete har genomförts i samarbete med Sourcecom Svenska AB. Sourcecom Svenska AB arbetar med kommunikationslösningar inom IT-kommunikation, IT-säkerhet och telefoni. Examensarbetet går ut på att undersöka konceptet Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) och föreslå olika lösningar beroende på företagets informationssäkerhetskrav. För att förstå konceptet BYOD behövs först en inblick i hur ett policybaserat system fungerar. Rapporten undersöker och förklarar tre olika Network Access Control (NAC) lösningar som är policybaserade. De tre BYOD-lösningarna som presenteras i rapporten ger möjlighet att se och jämföra olika tekniker som erbjuds av olika leverantörer. Anslutningsmetoder inom BYOD som undersöks är trådlösa, trådbundna och fjärranslutningar. Rapporten undersöker även de produkterna som är involverade i konfigurationer av BYOD. Det ges en riskanalys till de risker som ett införande av en BYOD-lösning kan ta med sig till ett nätverkssystem samt förslag till olika metoder för att eliminera de riskerna. I slutet av rapporten presenteras tre olika BYOD-lösningar anpassade till tre olika företag beroende på deras krav på informationssäkerhet (hög risk, medelhög risk, låg risk). Rapportens främsta bidrag är en översikt över området BYOD, riskanalys och förslag att eliminera riskerna.
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Galletly, Adam Benjamin. "My own, private Washington." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62882.
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Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2011.<br>This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.<br>"February 2011." Cataloged from student submitted PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 120-121).<br>Recent affairs in Washington D.C. are beginning to lay the foundation for a new exploration of architecture. The division line between national and corporate identities, their spatial relationship to the public realm are beginning to blur. The expanding influence of private entities in public affairs necessitates and exploration of how public architecture is dealt with in responds to the needs of two distinctive user groups. In my proposed future for Washington D.C., this new influx of corporate influence in the American system of government will necessitate the investigation of the line of separation between government and private industry. This new entity of quasi-public, quasi-private distinction must instigate a rethinking of representation in terms of identity and in terms of spatial relationship in the public realm. As constructs of individuals, both government and private industry are, although differently, directly connected to the service of the public. A reevaluation of a mundane, yet extremely invaluable program that contributes to the diminishing of public influence can be the vessel through which to explore grater ideas about the transparency of the system and how the public is exposed to it. Examining the definition of a "public" building through the lens of it's intended users can reveal how transparency, both literal and phenomenological can be manipulated to expose a larger statement about public and private realms.<br>by Adam B. Galletly.<br>M.Arch.
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Jamerson, Tommy R. II. "CHOOSE YOUR OWN OZ." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2014. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1926.
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Eichler, Marc. "Extraktion einer OWL-Ontologie." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB11482143.
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Knezevic, Danica. "Minding my own mirrors." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/10204.
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This aim of my research paper is to process the search for self and identity through the analogy of the mirror as a negotiation between visibility and invisibility. There are aspects of the self that are seen and parts that remain hidden. I believe there is a need to be mirrored in order to reveal invisibilities. Others, objects and experiences form a self with necessary reflections. These are crucial in order to preserve and construct an internal dialogue, which affirm the various identities that construct the self. The outcome of this practice-based research will be a performance-based visual installation, focusing on my own experience, and my understanding of projection through the reflected self. There are four video works, Constant Mirrors, Minding my own Mirrors and Within the shadow lie my true reflections, and The existing Momentum.
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Amaral, Renata Vargas. "Retaliação cruzada na OMC." Florianópolis, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/100664.
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Tese (dourorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Jurídicas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito.<br>Made available in DSpace on 2013-06-25T21:24:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
309866.pdf: 1652596 bytes, checksum: 1bd752042a52f812085f6c9bfba469f5 (MD5)<br>À medida que as relações de comércio multilateral multiplicam-se e tornam-se mais sofisticadas, as disputas relacionadas comerciais reguladas pela OMC também tendem a tornarem-se mais frequentes. De fato, a partir de 1995 houve um aumento significativo de disputas levadas a OMC, comparativamente ao número de disputas discutidas sob os auspícios GATT. O grande número de controvérsias indica não só que há desentendimentos entre membros sobre a inconsistência de medidas comerciais, mas também que o estabelecimento de um mecanismo de regras resultou num ambiente mais seguro e confortável para se resolver as disputas. O sistema de solução de controvérsias confere estabilidade ao comércio multilateral e demonstra a credibilidade de seus membros no sentido de resolverem as controvérsias sob um sistema de solução legalizado e previsível. Entretanto, ainda que o sistema pareça muito eficiente - sobretudo devido ao seu índice de cumprimento de decisões, há lacunas e inconsistências que não devem ser desconsideradas. Esta pesquisa tem foco na fase de implementação das decisões adotadas pelo OSC. Essa é a fase quando as assimetrias econômicas são ressaltadas, uma vez que a maior ou menor importância de acesso a certo mercado parece ser determinante para a decisão de cumprir com uma decisão da OMC. De fato, se um membro desenvolvido perdedor em uma disputa contra um país em desenvolvimento prefere pagar o preço do descumprimento ao invés de cumprir a decisão, parece não haver uma maneira eficiente de o reclamante induzir o cumprimento. Considerando este cenário, o presente estudo está interessado nas soluções dadas pelo ESC ao lidar com problemas de cumprimento e implementação de decisões de acordo com suas disposições. Em especial, o estudo foca no mecanismo de retaliação cruzada comercial, mecanismo que é apontado pela academia e por profissionais da área como uma possível solução para as assimetrias econômicas entre oponentes numa disputa comercial.<br>As the multilateral trade relations multiply and become more sophisticated, trade disputes governed by the WTO also tend to become more frequent. In fact, since 1995 there was a significant increase in disputes brought before the WTO, compared to the number of disputes discussed before GATT. The large number of controversies not only indicates that there are disagreements among members about the inconsistency of trade measures, but also that the establishment of a rules engine resulted in a more secure and comfortable environment to solve disputes. The dispute settlement system provides stability to the multilateral trade and reflects the credibility of its members to solve disputes under a system of legalized and predictable solution. However, although the system appears to be very effective - especially due to the high rate of compliance with WTO decisions, there are gaps and inconsistencies that should not be overlooked. This research focuses on the phase of implementation of decisions adopted by the DSB. This is the stage when the economic asymmetries are emphasized, since the greater or lesser importance of access to certain market seems to be crucial to the decision to comply with a WTO ruling. In fact, if one loser developed member in a dispute against a developing country member prefer to pay the price of failure rather than comply with the decision, there seems to be no effective way to induce compliance. Considering this scenario, the present study is interested in the solutions given by the DSU in dealing with compliance issues and implementing decisions in accordance with its provisions. In particular, this study focuses on the cross-retaliation mechanism, a mechanism that is appointed by the academy and by professionals as a possible solution to the economic asymmetries between opponents in a trade dispute.
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Hurwitz, R., Renee Rice Moran, LaShay Jennings, and Laura Robertson. "Making edTPA Our Own." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/775.
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Hrnčíř, Tomáš. "Zobrazování alarmových hlášení systému SIMOTION prostřednictvím OPC AE." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218380.
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In the Diploma Work is described the Simotion commanding system which has been produced by Siemens. Conception of the system and its features are explained. Further, the work deals with the data and alarm transfer among separate systems, an item which has been dealt with by the help of OPC (OLE for Process Control). Its update and specification have been covered with OPC Foundation organization. The alarm report visualization out of the Simotion system to WinnCC environment (which is not a client of OPC Alarms & Events server) is introduced here .
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GONÇALVES, Robson Neves. "Desenvolvimento de Servidores OPC DA, OPC UA e Wrappers para aplicação em Automação." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNIFEI, 2012. http://repositorio.unifei.edu.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/1205.
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Previous issue date: 2012-02<br>Este trabalho apresenta as informações relevantes para o desenvolvimento de servidores OPC DA, UA e Wrappers. Aborda o conceito teórico sobre a tecnologia e as ferramentas utilizadas para o desenvolvimento, proporcionando a síntese para a elaboração desse tipo de sistema. O estudo é contextualizado em uma situação real de aquisição de dados usando o sistema supervisório Elipse E3, para supervisionar os resultados provenientes do servidor OPC DA/UA e o Elipse Plant Manager - EPM para aquisitar os resultados provenientes do servidor OPC DA (Elipse E3), e ser entendido por um OPC UA Cliente através do OPC Wrapper. Para o Ambiente de Teste foi configurada uma rede MODBUS TCP, com os módulos de Automação da empresa Advantech – ADAM. Para garantir a conformidade dos servidores criados são realizados os testes de conformidade, utilizando o Compliance Test Tool – CTT da OPC Foundation, demonstrando a capacidade de interoperabilidade fornecida pelas soluções desenvolvidas. Após os testes são apresentadas os principais pontos de falhas ocorridas e as respectivas soluções.
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Gonzales, Armand G. "Northern spotted owl nesting habitat on private timber lands in northwest California /." [Arcata, Calif.] : Humboldt State University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2148/40.
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Ek, Johan. "Mjukvaruverktyg för loggning och analys avindustriella processer." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Datateknik, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-2997.
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This report discusses developing a software log tool for analysis of industrial processes. The target was to develop software that can help electro Engineers for monitor and fault finding in industrial processes. The tool is called PLS (Process log server), and is developed in Visual Studio.NET Framework 2005. PLS works as a client with Beijer Electronics OPC Server. The program is able to read data from PLC (Programmable Logic Controller), trough the OPC Server. PLS connects to all kind of controllers that is supported by the Beijer Electronics OPC Server. Signal data is stored in a database for later analysis. Chosen signals data can easily be exported into a text file. The text file is adopted for import to MS Office Excel. User manual [UM-07] is written as a separate document. The software acted stable through the function test. The final product becomes a first-rate tool that is simple to use. As an advantage, the software can be developed with more functions in the future.
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QUANTIN, BEATRICE. "Partie i : clonage et caracterisation d'une metalloprotease de la famille collagenase. partie ii: l'adenovirus, vecteur d'expression dans les cellules musculaires." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991STR13170.
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Partie 1: le processus de metastase implique une degradation enzymatique de la matrice extracellulaire. Il est bien etabli maintenant que les metalloproteases, comme la collagenase et la stromelysine jouent un role dans ce processus. Nous avons identifie et clone des adnc correspondant a deux nouveaux genes humains; leur sequence presente une homologie avec celle de la collagenase. Nous avons dirige l'expression du produit de l'un de ces genes (pump-1) dans des cellules eucaryotes a partir de son adnc. Nous avons caracterise ses inhibiteurs et ses substrats, et nous les avons compares a ceux de la stromelysine. Nos resultats permettent de classer pump-1 par les metalloproteases. Partie 2: la myopathie de duchenne est une maladie neuromusculaire incurable; le gene implique dans cette maladie est maintenant clone. Nous avons utilise l'adenovirus pour effectuer un transfert de gene dans les cellules musculaires. Apres construction d'un adenovirus recombinant contenant le gene codant pour la beta galactosidase sous le controle d'un promoteur musculaire, nous avons obtenu une expression de la beta galactosidase lors de l'infection de myotubes derives de lignees cellulaires myogeniques murines, et de muscles de souris. Nous avons reconstitue l'adnc codant pour une minidystrophine decrite dans la famille d'un patient atteint d'une forme peu severe de myopathie, et nous l'avons place sous le controle du promoteur musculaire qui s'est revele efficace in vitro et in vivo dans nos experiences precedentes, en vue d'une insertion dans le vecteur viral
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Knutas, Sofie. "Bring Your Own Device - Säkerhetsaspekter." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för arkiv- och datavetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-23613.
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Det blir allt vanligare för de anställda, att använda sina privata enheter som smarttelefoner eller surfplattor för användning på sina arbetsplatser. "Bring Your Own Device" (BYOD) är ett koncept för att ansluta arbetstagares enheter till företagets nätverk och datorer. BYOD-lösningar involverar säkerhetsrisker, t.ex. när information överförs till eller lagras på privata enheter. Användarens sätt att hantera enheten kan också medföra risker, exempelvis i form av virus, lösenordsskydd och sättet att hantera information som finns på enheten. Denna uppsats fokuserar på att hitta rekommendationer om hur verksamheterna ska gå tillväga för att undvika eller förebygga de största säkerhetsriskerna i en BYOD-lösning. Stora säkerhetsrisker har identifierats utifrån en teoretisk studie. Några exempel på risker är, användarnas beteendemönster, Wi-Fi-anslutningar och risker vid förlust av en enhet. Sex intervjuer har sedan gjorts med olika organisationer för att få en översikt över BYOD-lösningar som används idag. Intervjuerna tillsammans med de teoretiska upptäckter, har resulterat i 40 rekommendationer om säker hantering av BYOD. Dessa rekommendationer handlar bland annat om, att användarna får en utbildning i ett säkert användande, att se över informationssäkerheten, att använda en säkerhetslösning på applikationsnivå och att upprätta en policy för BYOD. Rekommendationerna ger förutsättningar för organisationer att undvika risker med BYOD.<br>Employees are increasingly using private devices like smartphones or tablets for use in their workplaces. “Bring Your Own Device" (BYOD) is a concept for connecting employees´ devices to company networks and computers. BYOD-solutions involve security risks, e.g when information is transferred to, or stored on private devices. The user's way of handling the device may also pose risks for example in the form of viruses, password protection and the way to manage the information available on the device. This paper focuses on finding recommendations on how businesses should proceed to avoid or prevent the largest security risks in a BYOD solution. Major security risks are identified from a theoretical study. Some examples of risks are user behavior patterns, Wi-Fi connections and loss of a device. Six interviews have then been conducted with different organizations to get an overview of BYOD solutions in use today. The interviews together with the theoretical findings have resulted in 40 recommendations on BYOD security. These recommendations is among other things about, training users in a safe usage, to review the information security, using a security at the application level and to establish a policy for BYOD. The recommendations provide opportunities for organizations to avoid risks with BYOD.
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Wink, Judy. "Great horned owl nestling behavior /." Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 1985. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 1985.<br>Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 3047. Typescript. Abstract precedes thesis as preliminary leaves [1-2] Includes bibliographical references (leaves 64-66).
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Wissmann, Jens. "Chord sequence patterns in OWL." Thesis, City University London, 2012. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/1306/.
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This thesis addresses the representation of, and reasoning on, musical knowledge in the Semantic Web. The Semantic Web is an evolving extension of the World Wide Web that aims at describing information that is distributed on the web in a machine-processable form. Existing approaches to modelling musical knowledge in the context of the Semantic Web have focused on metadata. The description of musical content and reasoning as well as integration of content descriptions and metadata are yet open challenges. This thesis discusses the possibilities of representing musical knowledge in the Web Ontology Language (OWL) focusing on chord sequence representation and presents and evaluates a newly developed solution. The solution consists of two main components. Ontological modelling patterns for musical entities such as notes and chords are introduced in the (MEO) ontology. A sequence pattern language and ontology (SEQ) has been developed that can express patterns in a form resembling regular expressions. As MEO and SEQ patterns both rewrite to OWL they can be combined freely. Reasoning tasks such as instance classification, retrieval and pattern subsumption are then executable by standard Semantic Web reasoners. The expressiveness of SEQ has been studied, in particular in relation to grammars. The complexity of reasoning on SEQ patterns has been studied theoretically and empirically, and optimisation methods have been developed. There is still great potential for improvement if specific reasoning algorithms were developed to exploit the sequential structure, but the development of such algorithms is outside the scope of this thesis. MEO and SEQ have also been evaluated in several musicological scenarios. It is shown how patterns that are characteristic of musical styles can be expressed and chord sequence data can be classified, demonstrating the use of the language in web retrieval and as integration layer for different chord patterns and corpora. Furthermore, possibilities of using SEQ patterns for harmonic analysis are explored using grammars for harmony; both a hybrid system and a translation of limited context-free grammars into SEQ patterns have been developed. Finally, a distributed scenario is evaluated where SEQ and MEO are used in connection with DBpedia, following the Linked Data approach. The results show that applications are already possible and will benefit in the future from improved quality and compatibility of data sources as the Semantic Web evolves.