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Journal articles on the topic 'Oxcal'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Bronk Ramsey, Christopher. "Development of the Radiocarbon Calibration Program." Radiocarbon 43, no. 2A (2001): 355–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200038212.

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This paper highlights some of the main developments to the radiocarbon calibration program, OxCal. In addition to many cosmetic changes, the latest version of OxCal uses some different algorithms for the treatment of multiple phases. The theoretical framework behind these is discussed and some model calculations demonstrated. Significant changes have also been made to the sampling algorithms used which improve the convergence of the Bayesian analysis. The convergence itself is also reported in a more comprehensive way so that problems can be traced to specific parts of the model. The use of co

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Ramsey, Christopher Bronk, and Sharen Lee. "Recent and Planned Developments of the Program OxCal." Radiocarbon 55, no. 2 (2013): 720–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200057878.

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OxCal is a widely used software package for the calibration of radiocarbon dates and the statistical analysis of 14C and other chronological information. The program aims to make statistical methods easily available to researchers and students working in a range of different disciplines. This paper will look at the recent and planned developments of the package. The recent additions to the statistical methods are primarily aimed at providing more robust models, in particular through model averaging for deposition models and through different multiphase models. The paper will look at how these

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Lienkaemper, J. J., and C. B. Ramsey. "OxCal: Versatile Tool for Developing Paleoearthquake Chronologies--A Primer." Seismological Research Letters 80, no. 3 (2009): 431–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.80.3.431.

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Bronk Ramsey, Christopher. "Radiocarbon Calibration and Analysis of Stratigraphy: The OxCal Program." Radiocarbon 37, no. 2 (1995): 425–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200030903.

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People usually study the chronologies of archaeological sites and geological sequences using many different kinds of evidence, taking into account calibrated radiocarbon dates, other dating methods and stratigraphic information. Many individual case studies demonstrate the value of using statistical methods to combine these different types of information. I have developed a computer program, OxCal, running under Windows 3.1 (for IBM PCs), that will perform both 14C calibration and calculate what extra information can be gained from stratigraphic evidence. The program can perform automatic wigg

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Bronk Ramsey, Christopher, Maarten Blaauw, Rebecca Kearney, and Richard A. Staff. "The Importance of Open Access to Chronological Information: The IntChron Initiative." Radiocarbon 61, no. 5 (2019): 1121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2019.21.

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ABSTRACTThe development of chronologies relies on integrating information from a number of different sources. In addition to direct dating evidence, such as radiocarbon dates, researchers will have contextual information which might be an environmental sequence or the context in an archaeological site. This information can be combined through Bayesian or other types of age-model. Once a chronology has been developed, this information can be used to estimate, for example, chronological uncertainties, rates of change, or the age of material which has not been directly dated.Dealing with the info

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Shiroukhov, Roman. "AMS 14C Dating of the Cremated Human Bones and Funeral Fuel of the Western Balts. In Theory and in Practice." Archaeologia Lituana 20 (December 20, 2019): 40–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/archlit.2019.20.3.

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The article is dedicated to the application of AMS 14C dating method of cremated bones and samples of related charcoal, which is rather new for the East Baltic region. The data of 3 Western Balts cemeteries from Lithuania are analysed. Results of radiocarbon dating are compared to the estimated typological chronology of the artefacts. The OxCal simulation is applied in order to obtain the most probable dates. The study lays the foundation for further spatial and static analysis of selected data.

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Jones, Martin, and Geoff Nicholls. "New Radiocarbon Calibration Software." Radiocarbon 44, no. 3 (2002): 663–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200032112.

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We have developed a software utility, “DateLab”, for conventional radiocarbon age (CRA) calibration and Bayesian analysis of CRAs. The current version has a smaller range of applicability than other similar utilities such as Bcal, Oxcal, and Mexcal. However, it enables analysis of some common types of CRA datesets. The main advantages of DateLab are its high quality sampling algorithm, the possibility of carrying out model comparison and hypothesis testing in a straightforward way, and the unbiased character of the summary statistics on which the analysis depends.

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Liu, Kexin, Baoxi Han, Zhiyu Guo, et al. "AMS Radiocarbon Dating of Bone Samples from the Xinzhai Site in China." Radiocarbon 47, no. 1 (2005): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200052152.

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Xinzhai is an important archaeological site discovered 40 yr ago and recently re-excavated in the Henan Province, China. It is believed that the cultural characteristics of the Xinzhai site correspond to the Xia dynasty, the first ancient dynasty of China. Radiocarbon measurements on bone samples from this site were performed at the Peking University AMS facility (PKU-AMS) and the Vienna University AMS facility (VERA). Calibrated ages were obtained with the computer program OxCal. The results of these measurements are presented and the related chronology is discussed.

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Guo, Zhiyu, Kexin Liu, Sixun Yuan, et al. "AMS Radiocarbon Dating of the Fengxi Site in Shaanxi, China." Radiocarbon 47, no. 2 (2005): 221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003382220001972x.

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The Fengxi site is near the Feng River in Shaanxi Province, China. Feng City was the capital of the vassal state of Zhou, and the Zhou people lived in this area until the end of the Western Zhou. Serial samples of charcoal, bone, and charred millet were collected from the site and dated by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). A sequence model with 6 phases of the Western Zhou dynasty was constructed and the 14C ages were calibrated with OxCal v 3.9. The results showed that the site was used from 1170–1070 BC until 825–755 BC, and the Conquest of Shang by King Wu most probably occurred during 1

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Guo, Zhiyu, Kexin Liu, Xiangyang Lu, et al. "AMS Radiocarbon Dating of Tianma-Qucun Site in Shanxi, China." Radiocarbon 43, no. 2B (2001): 1109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200041758.

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Tianma-Qucun is the biggest site of Western Zhou Dynasty discovered in Shanxi Province, China. It has been recognized as the early capital of Jin, a vassal state of Western Zhou. The territories were granted to the first Marquis of Jin with the title in the early days of Western Zhou. Bone sample series from the site were radiocarbon-dated by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) and calibrated with the Oxford calibration program OxCal 3.5. Bayesian analysis of the calibrated ages shows that the earliest residents of the Western Zhou came to Tianma-Qucun area in 1020–940 BC and the lower boundar

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Lu, Xiangyang, Zhiyu Guo, Hongji Ma, Sixun Yuan, and Xiaohong Wu. "Data Analysis and Calibration of Radiocarbon Dating Results from the Cemetery of the Marquises of Jin." Radiocarbon 43, no. 1 (2001): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200031623.

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The chronology study of the cemetery of Marquises of Jin is valuable to improving the chronological table of Marquis of Jin family. It is also helpful for improving the chronological table of the Zhou Dynasty. The samples were measured at Peking University (PKUAMS). We also made an interlaboratory check with Isotrace to ensure the accuracy. By careful analysis of archaeological information, we built different models and calibrated by OxCal. The calibration results, both sampling contexts and estimations, are in very good agreement with the historical record. Because the dates of some events co

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Bronk Ramsey, Christopher. "Dealing with Outliers and Offsets in Radiocarbon Dating." Radiocarbon 51, no. 3 (2009): 1023–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200034093.

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The wide availability of precise radiocarbon dates has allowed researchers in a number of disciplines to address chronological questions at a resolution which was not possible 10 or 20 years ago. The use of Bayesian statistics for the analysis of groups of dates is becoming a common way to integrate all of the 14C evidence together. However, the models most often used make a number of assumptions that may not always be appropriate. In particular, there is an assumption that all of the 14C measurements are correct in their context and that the original 14C concentration of the sample is properl

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Macario, K. D., R. C. C. L. Souza, D. C. Trindade, et al. "Chronological Model of a Brazilian Holocene Shellmound (Sambaqui da Tarioba, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)." Radiocarbon 56, no. 02 (2014): 489–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200049547.

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Since the beginning of the Holocene, hunter-gatherers have occupied the central-south Brazilian coast, as it was a very productive estuarine environment. Living as fishers and mollusk gatherers, they built prehistoric shellmounds, known assambaqui, up to 30 m high, which can still be found today from the Espírito Santo (21°S) to Rio Grande do Sul (32°S) states, constituting an important testimony of paleodiversity and Brazilian prehistory. The chronology of the Sambaqui da Tarioba, situated in Rio das Ostras, Rio de Janeiro, is discussed herein. Selected well-preserved shells ofIphigenia brasi

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Macario, K. D., R. C. C. L. Souza, D. C. Trindade, et al. "Chronological Model of a Brazilian Holocene Shellmound (Sambaqui da Tarioba, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)." Radiocarbon 56, no. 2 (2014): 489–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/56.16954.

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Since the beginning of the Holocene, hunter-gatherers have occupied the central-south Brazilian coast, as it was a very productive estuarine environment. Living as fishers and mollusk gatherers, they built prehistoric shellmounds, known as sambaqui, up to 30 m high, which can still be found today from the Espírito Santo (21°S) to Rio Grande do Sul (32°S) states, constituting an important testimony of paleodiversity and Brazilian prehistory. The chronology of the Sambaqui da Tarioba, situated in Rio das Ostras, Rio de Janeiro, is discussed herein. Selected well-preserved shells of Iphigenia bra

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Ramsey, Christopher Bronk. "Probability and Dating." Radiocarbon 40, no. 1 (1997): 461–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200018348.

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Statistical analysis is becoming much more widely used in conjunction with radiocarbon dating. In this paper I discuss the impact of Bayesian analysis (using computer programs such as OxCal) on archaeological research. In addition to simple analysis, the method has implications for the planning of dating projects and the assessment of the reliability of dates in their context.A new formalism for describing chronological models is introduced here: the Chronological Query Language (CQL), an extension of the model definitions found in the program OxCal.New methods of Bayesian analysis can be used

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Kagan, Elisa J., Mordechai Stein, Amotz Agnon, and Christopher Bronk Ramsey. "Paleoearthquakes as Anchor Points in Bayesian Radiocarbon Deposition Models: A Case Study from the Dead Sea." Radiocarbon 52, no. 3 (2010): 1018–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200046105.

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The Bayesian statistical method of the OxCal v 4.1 program is used to construct an age-depth model for a set of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon ages of organic debris collected from a late Holocene Dead Sea stratigraphic section (the Ein Feshkha Nature Reserve). The model is tested for a case where no prior earthquake information is applied and for a case where there is incorporation of known ages of 4 prominent historical earthquakes as chronological anchor points along the section. While the anchor-based model provided a tightly constrained age-depth regression, the “non-anch

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Alves, Eduardo, Kita Macario, Rosa Souza, et al. "Marine Reservoir Corrections on the Southeastern Coast of Brazil: Paired Samples from the Saquarema Shellmound." Radiocarbon 57, no. 4 (2015): 517–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/azu_rc.57.18404.

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The Saquarema archaeological site, on the Atlantic coast of the Rio de Janeiro State, is one of many shellmounds built on the Brazilian coast by hunter-gatherer populations during the Holocene. We used archaeological material from this site with the aim of evaluating the marine reservoir effect (MRE) in the region. Radiocarbon ages of 45 marine and 6 terrestrial samples from this shellmound provided data for assessing the MRE and the influences of freshwater and seasonal coastal marine upwelling in this specific locality. Samples of charcoal, fish otoliths, and mollusk shells were analyzed and

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Dee, M. W., C. Bronk Ramsey, A. J. Shortland, T. F. G. Higham, and J. M. Rowland. "Reanalysis of the Chronological Discrepancies Obtained by the Old and Middle Kingdom Monuments Project." Radiocarbon 51, no. 3 (2009): 1061–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200034111.

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The most extensive chronometric study ever undertaken on Egyptian Dynastic sites was published in Radiocarbon by Bonani et al. (2001). It comprised 269 radiocarbon measurements on monuments ranging from the 1st–12th dynasties. However, many of the calibrated dates obtained were significantly offset from historical estimates. The greatest discrepancies occurred in the 4th Dynasty where, paradoxically, the dating program had been most rigorous. For this period, 158 measurements were made at 12 sites, with the majority of the dates being 200–300 yr older than expected. The 4th Dynasty results wer

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Burley, David V., and Kevan Edinborough. "Discontinuity in the Fijian Archaeological Record Supported by a Bayesian Radiocarbon Model." Radiocarbon 56, no. 1 (2014): 295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/56.16482.

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The Fijian archaeological record is segmented into a series of phases based on distinctive transformations in ceramic forms. Interpretations of the mid-sequence (∼1500–1300 cal BP) transition between the Fijian Plainware phase and the Navatu phase are contentious, with alternative explanations of population replacement versus internal processes of culture change. We present and analyze a series of Fijian Plainware and Navatu phase AMS radiocarbon dates acquired from superimposed but stratigraphically separated occupation floors at the Sigatoka Sand Dunes site on the southwest coast of Viti Lev

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Reimer, Ron W., та Paula J. Reimer. "An Online Application for ΔR Calculation". Radiocarbon 59, № 5 (2016): 1623–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2016.117.

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AbstractA regional offset (ΔR) from the marine radiocarbon calibration curve is widely used in calibration software (e.g. CALIB, OxCal) but often is not calculated correctly. While relatively straightforward for known-age samples, such as mollusks from museum collections or annually banded corals, it is more difficult to calculate ΔR and the uncertainty in ΔR for 14C dates on paired marine and terrestrial samples. Previous researchers have often utilized classical intercept methods that do not account for the full calibrated probability distribution function (pdf). Recently, Soulet (2015) prov

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Dury, Jack P. R., Gunilla Eriksson, Markus Fjellström, Thomas Wallerström, and Kerstin Lidén. "Consideration of Freshwater and Multiple Marine Reservoir Effects: Dating of Individuals with Mixed Diets from Northern Sweden." Radiocarbon 60, no. 5 (2018): 1561–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2018.78.

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ABSTRACTHuman burials from the cemetery at the Rounala church, northern Sweden, were radiocarbon (14C) dated to shed light on the use of the cemetery. Carbon, nitrogen and sulfur stable isotope analysis of bone collagen from 19 distinct individuals indicated that these individuals had a mixed diet consisting of freshwater, marine and terrestrial resources. Dietary modeling using FRUITS was employed to calculate the contributions of the different resources for each individual. These data were then used to calculate individual ΔR values, taking into account freshwater and multiple marine reservo

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Hogg, Alan, Christopher Bronk Ramsey, Chris Turney, and Jonathan Palmer. "Bayesian Evaluation of the Southern Hemisphere Radiocarbon Offset during the Holocene." Radiocarbon 51, no. 4 (2009): 1165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200034226.

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While an interhemispheric offset in atmospheric radiocarbon levels from AD 1950–950 is now well established, its existence earlier in the Holocene is less clear, with some studies reporting globally uniform 14C levels while others finding Southern Hemisphere samples older by a few decades. In this paper, we present a method for wiggle-matching Southern Hemisphere data sets against Northern Hemisphere curves, using the Bayesian calibration program OxCal 4.1 with the Reservoir Offset function accommodating a potential interhemispheric offset. The accuracy and robustness of this approach is confi

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Hajdas, Irka, and Adam Michczyński. "Age-Depth Model of Lake Soppensee (Switzerland) Based on the High-Resolution 14C Chronology Compared with Varve Chronology." Radiocarbon 52, no. 3 (2010): 1027–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200046117.

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An age-depth model for laminated sediments of Lake Soppensee is constructed using radiocarbon ages of macrofossils and a depositional model of the OxCal v 4.1 program with the updated IntCal09 data set. The resulting calendar chronology is compared with the varve chronology that was built for this record in a previous study (Hajdas 1993); there is a very good agreement between the 2 approaches. This illustrates the potential of high-resolution 14C dating for construction of reliable, high-resolution calendar timescales for sedimentary records. Based on the age-depth model of this study, the Va

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Capuzzo, Giacomo, Elisabetta Boaretto, and Juan A. Barceló. "EUBAR: A Database of 14C Measurements for the European Bronze Age. A Bayesian Analysis of 14C-Dated Archaeological Contexts from Northern Italy and Southern France." Radiocarbon 56, no. 02 (2014): 851–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200049870.

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The chronological framework of European protohistory is mostly a relative chronology based on typology and stratigraphic data. Synchronization of different time periods suffers from a lack of absolute dates; therefore, disagreements between different chronological schemes are difficult to reconcile. An alternative approach was applied in this study to build a more precise and accurate absolute chronology. To the best of our knowledge, we have collected all the published14C dates for the archaeological sites in the region from the Ebro River (Spain) to the Middle Danube Valley (Austria) for the

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Povinec, Pavel P., Alexander Cherkinsky, Jozef Dorica, et al. "RADIOCARBON DATING OF ST. GEORGE’S ROTUNDA IN NITRIANSKA BLATNICA (SLOVAKIA): INTERNATIONAL CONSORTIUM RESULTS." Radiocarbon 63, no. 3 (2021): 953–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2021.31.

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ABSTRACTAn international consortium of radiocarbon (14C) laboratories was established to date the origin of the St. George’s Rotunda in Nitrianska Blatnica (Slovakia), because its age was not well established in previous investigations. Altogether, 20 samples of wood, charcoal, mortar and plaster were analyzed. The 14C results obtained from the different laboratories as well as between the different sample types were in good agreement, resulting in a 14C calibrated age of 783–880 AD (94.2% probability) for the Rotunda. Although the 14C results have very good precision, the specific plateau-sha

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Oliveira, Fabiana, Kita Macario, Carla Carvalho, et al. "LAC-UFF STATUS REPORT: CURRENT PROTOCOLS AND RECENT DEVELOPMENTS." Radiocarbon 63, no. 4 (2021): 1233–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2020.138.

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ABSTRACTThe Radiocarbon Laboratory of the Fluminense Federal University was installed in 2009, and its NEC Single Stage Accelerator Mass Spectrometry system has been operational since 2012. As the first 14C-AMS facility in Latin America, the LAC-UFF became a reference center for radiocarbon (14C) dating in Brazil. Over the years we have implemented pretreatment protocols for several kinds of materials, such as cellulose, soil, bone, and biofuels. In the present paper we describe our current protocols for the preparation of these types of samples. Moreover, after 10 years of operation, with the

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Zander, Paul D., Sönke Szidat, Darrell S. Kaufman, et al. "Miniature radiocarbon measurements ( < 150 µg C) from sediments of Lake Żabińskie, Poland: effect of precision and dating density on age–depth models." Geochronology 2, no. 1 (2020): 63–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2-63-2020.

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Abstract. The recent development of the MIni CArbon DAting System (MICADAS) allows researchers to obtain radiocarbon (14C) ages from a variety of samples with miniature amounts of carbon (<150 µg C) by using a gas ion source input that bypasses the graphitization step used for conventional 14C dating with accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). The ability to measure smaller samples, at reduced cost compared with graphitized samples, allows for greater dating density of sediments with low macrofossil concentrations. In this study, we use a section of varved sediments from Lake Żabińskie, NE Po

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del Valle, Jorge I., Juan R. Guarín, and Carlos A. Sierra. "Unambiguous and Low-Cost Determination of Growth Rates and Ages of Tropical Trees and Palms." Radiocarbon 56, no. 1 (2014): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/56.16486.

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The determination of the age of tropical trees and palms is of significant importance for ecological studies and designing sustainable forest management plans. Radiocarbon is a powerful tool that can potentially help the determination of ages and growth rates of these plants. However, the application of 14C analyses has one important problem for trees without annual rings and palms: the calibration of 14C measurements with common programs such as CALIBomb or OxCal gives erroneous determinations for wood formed between AD 1954 and 1964. This problem is illustrated here using samples from a trop

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Capuzzo, Giacomo, Elisabetta Boaretto, and Juan A. Barceló. "EUBAR: A Database of 14C Measurements for the European Bronze Age. A Bayesian Analysis of 14C-Dated Archaeological Contexts from Northern Italy and Southern France." Radiocarbon 56, no. 2 (2014): 851–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/56.17453.

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The chronological framework of European protohistory is mostly a relative chronology based on typology and stratigraphic data. Synchronization of different time periods suffers from a lack of absolute dates; therefore, disagreements between different chronological schemes are difficult to reconcile. An alternative approach was applied in this study to build a more precise and accurate absolute chronology. To the best of our knowledge, we have collected all the published 14C dates for the archaeological sites in the region from the Ebro River (Spain) to the Middle Danube Valley (Austria) for th

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Sveinbjörnsdóttir, Árný E., Christopher Bronk Ramsey, and Jan Heinemeier. "The Settlement Date of Iceland Revisited: Evaluation of 14C Dates from Sites of Early Settlers in Iceland by Bayesian Statistics." Radiocarbon 58, no. 2 (2016): 235–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2016.2.

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AbstractThe settlement time of Iceland has been debated for years as radiocarbon dates of bulk wood samples have been interpreted to set a timing 150–200 yr earlier than indicated by tephrochronology (later than AD 871±2) and the Sagas (AD 874). This early date is also in conflict with the dating results on extensive series of short-lived material such as grain and domestic animal and human bone remains of early settlers. The old-wood effect for the charcoal and bulk wood samples has been suggested to explain this controversy. This study uses a Bayesian model, implemented in the OxCal program,

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Quarta, G., M. I. Pezzo, S. Marconi, U. Tecchiati, M. D'Elia, and L. Calcagnile. "Wiggle-Match Dating of Wooden Samples from Iron Age Sites in Northern Italy." Radiocarbon 52, no. 3 (2010): 915–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200046014.

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Archaeological excavations carried out at the sites of Laion/Lajen (Bolzano/Bozen) and Stufles-Oberegger (Bressanone/Brixen) in northern Italy uncovered well-preserved wooden samples in cultural layers archaeologically dated to the Iron Age. From the 2 sites, different wooden samples were recovered that were well preserved enough to allow clear identification of the tree species and of the ring structure. Among the different wooden samples, 2 were selected for radiocarbon analyses: from Laion/Lajen, a beam with an unbroken sequence of 158 rings; from Stufles-Oberegger, a combusted trunk with a

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Suzuki, Kayo, Hirohisa Sakurai, Yui Takahashi, et al. "Precise Comparison of 14C Ages from Choukai Jindai Cedar with IntCal04 Raw Data." Radiocarbon 52, no. 4 (2010): 1599–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200056332.

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We measured the radiocarbon ages of 165 single-year tree rings from a Japanese Choukai Jindai cedar using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). By wiggle-matching the Choukai_AMS data set to the IntCal04 calibration data using OxCal v 3.10 and using the variation of the correlation coefficients between the Choukai_AMS and IntCal04 data sets, we precisely re-estimated that the 321 Choukai Jindai cedar tree rings range from 780 to 460 cal BC with an accuracy of 8 yr. The Choukai_AMS data set is older than the 3 raw data sets of European tree rings that comprise IntCal04. The Belfast and Seattle d

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McKay, Nicholas P., Julien Emile-Geay, and Deborah Khider. "geoChronR – an R package to model, analyze, and visualize age-uncertain data." Geochronology 3, no. 1 (2021): 149–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gchron-3-149-2021.

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Abstract. Chronological uncertainty is a hallmark of the paleoenvironmental sciences and geosciences. While many tools have been made available to researchers to quantify age uncertainties suitable for various settings and assumptions, disparate tools and output formats often discourage integrative approaches. In addition, associated tasks like propagating age-model uncertainties to subsequent analyses, and visualizing the results, have received comparatively little attention in the literature and available software. Here, we describe geoChronR, an open-source R package to facilitate these tas

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Tripney, Brian G., Philip Naysmith, and Gordon T. Cook. "A New Database Program Installed at the SUERC Radiocarbon Laboratory." Radiocarbon 56, no. 2 (2014): 567–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/56.17447.

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The SUERC Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory has recently replaced its spreadsheet-based record keeping with a new database program, custom designed to help laboratory staff manage the high throughput of nearly 5000 cathodes in the past year. The system can accept data from a variety of sources in addition to manual entry; experimental results can be uploaded from spreadsheets, while integration with graphitization lines means that graphite yields are automatically recorded. The system is able to pass 14C results directly to OxCal v 4 for calibration, with the resulting plots incorporated into the

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Rose, Helene Agerskov, John Meadows, and Mogens Bo Henriksen. "Bayesian Modeling of Wood-Age Offsets in Cremated Bone." Radiocarbon 62, no. 2 (2020): 379–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2020.3.

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ABSTRACTExperimental studies have shown that significant carbon exchange occurs between bone-apatite and the pyre atmosphere during cremation, which can cause a calendar date offset between the radiocarbon (14C) event and the date of cremation. There are limited empirical data available to assess the magnitude of such wood-age offsets, but the aim of this paper is to test if they can be modeled statistically. We present new 14C dates on modern bone cremated in realistic open-air experiments and on archaeological samples of cremated bone and associated organic material. Experimental results dem

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Pazdur, Anna, Marek Krąpiec, Adam Michczyński, and Waldemar Ossowski. "Radiocarbon and Dendrochronological Dating of Logboats from Poland." Radiocarbon 43, no. 2A (2001): 403–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200038261.

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The earliest dating of samples taken from logboats found in the area of Poland was done at the Gliwice Radiocarbon Laboratory in the late 1970s and early 1980s. After a 10-year break, the study of their chronology was renewed. The 14C dates (56) include all previously published and new, unpublished results obtained during last several years. Here, we discuss and provide probabilistic interpretation of the calendar age of the dated boats. The calibration of 14C dates was done with the OxCal program for dates less than 300 BP, and with the GdCALIB program for all remaining dates. In distribution

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Tripney, Brian G., Philip Naysmith, and Gordon T. Cook. "A New Database Program Installed at the SUERC Radiocarbon Laboratory." Radiocarbon 56, no. 02 (2014): 567–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200049614.

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The SUERC Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory has recently replaced its spreadsheet-based record keeping with a new database program, custom designed to help laboratory staff manage the high throughput of nearly 5000 cathodes in the past year. The system can accept data from a variety of sources in addition to manual entry; experimental results can be uploaded from spreadsheets, while integration with graphitization lines means that graphite yields are automatically recorded. The system is able to pass14C results directly to OxCal v 4 for calibration, with the resulting plots incorporated into the d

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Hogg, Alan G., Timothy J. Heaton, Christopher Bronk Ramsey, et al. "The Influence of Calibration Curve Construction and Composition on the Accuracy and Precision of Radiocarbon Wiggle-Matching of Tree Rings, Illustrated by Southern Hemisphere Atmospheric Data Sets from AD 1500–1950." Radiocarbon 61, no. 5 (2019): 1265–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2019.42.

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ABSTRACTThis research investigates two factors influencing the ability of tree-ring data to provide accurate 14C calibration information: the fitness and rigor of the statistical model used to combine the data into a curve; and the accuracy, precision and reproducibility of the component 14C data sets. It presents a new Bayesian spline method for calibration curve construction and tests it on extant and new Southern Hemisphere (SH) data sets (also examining their dendrochronology and pretreatment) for the post-Little Ice Age (LIA) interval AD 1500–1950. The new method of construction allows ca

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Raczek, Teresa P., Prabodh Shirvalkar, Esha Prasad, and Lalit Pandey. "The Rise and Fall of a Parallel-Walled Structure: Assessing the Site Sequence at Pachamta." Radiocarbon 62, no. 1 (2019): 157–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2019.91.

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ABSTRACTIn this article, we investigate the chronology of a large parallel-walled mudbrick structure at the site of Pachamta in Rajasthan, India. Pachamta is larger than the contemporaneous Harappan site of Kalibangan and part of a society collectively known as the Ahar Culture. Recent excavations at Pachamta provided an opportunity to elaborate on the available dates for this society and to investigate the chronology of an enigmatic parallel-walled structure. The chronology and function of such prominent structures remains murky, although scholars have suggested that these buildings served as

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Ramsey, Christopher Bronk. "Methods for Summarizing Radiocarbon Datasets." Radiocarbon 59, no. 6 (2017): 1809–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2017.108.

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AbstractBayesian models have proved very powerful in analyzing large datasets of radiocarbon (14C) measurements from specific sites and in regional cultural or political models. These models require the prior for the underlying processes that are being described to be defined, including the distribution of underlying events. Chronological information is also incorporated into Bayesian models used in DNA research, with the use of Skyline plots to show demographic trends. Despite these advances, there remain difficulties in assessing whether data conform to the assumed underlying models, and in

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Sakurai, Hirohisa, Wataru Kato, Yosuke Takahashi, et al. "14C Dating of ∼2500-Yr-Old Choukai Jindai Cedar Tree Rings from Japan Using Highly Accurate LSC Measurement." Radiocarbon 48, no. 3 (2006): 401–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200038832.

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Radiocarbon ages of 8 decadal tree rings and 66 single-yr tree rings have been measured with a highly accurate liquid scintillation counting (LSC) system (0.2% error) after synthesizing 10.5 g of benzene for each α-cellulose sample produced from tree rings of Choukai Jindai cedar in Japan (39°N). The 14C ages were between 2449 and 2539 14C yr BP for the 21 samples. From the wiggle-matching of the data set using the IntCal04 (Reimer et al. 2004) calibration data in OxCal v 3.10 (Bronk Ramsey 2005), the estimated age of the outer edge of the Choukai tree rings was 477.5 BC (±12.5 yr) with a conf

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Benz, Marion, Aytaç Coşkun, Irka Hajdas, et al. "Methodological Implications of New Radiocarbon Dates from the Early Holocene Site of Körtik Tepe, Southeast Anatolia." Radiocarbon 54, no. 3-4 (2012): 291–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200047081.

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One of the greatest challenges of contemporary archaeology is to synthesize the large amount of radiocarbon and archaeological data into a useful dialogue. For the late Epipaleolithic and the Early Neolithic of the Near East, many 14C ages have been published without precise stratigraphic documentation. Consequently, for archaeological age models we often must use some more elementary approaches, such as probabilistic summation of calibrated ages. The stratigraphy of Körtik Tepe allows us for the first time to study an extended series of 14C ages of the earliest Holocene. In particular, we are

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Griffiths, Seren. "Simulations and Outputs." Radiocarbon 56, no. 2 (2014): 871–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/56.17468.

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Bayesian analysis is now routinely applied for the construction of site-specific stratigraphic chronological models. Other approaches have analyzed the chronology of phases of archaeological activity across regions. The available radiocarbon results—the nature of the samples and their associations—provide the basis for what chronological questions it is possible to address for any site or region. In dealing with regional analyses, due consideration must be made of data selection. While data selection might be a relatively self-evident consideration in the analysis of a site chronology, working

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Bronk Ramsey, Christopher. "Bayesian Analysis of Radiocarbon Dates." Radiocarbon 51, no. 1 (2009): 337–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200033865.

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If radiocarbon measurements are to be used at all for chronological purposes, we have to use statistical methods for calibration. The most widely used method of calibration can be seen as a simple application of Bayesian statistics, which uses both the information from the new measurement and information from the 14C calibration curve. In most dating applications, however, we have larger numbers of 14C measurements and we wish to relate those to events in the past. Bayesian statistics provides a coherent framework in which such analysis can be performed and is becoming a core element in many 1

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Griffiths, Seren. "Simulations and Outputs." Radiocarbon 56, no. 02 (2014): 871–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200049882.

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Bayesian analysis is now routinely applied for the construction of site-specific stratigraphic chronological models. Other approaches have analyzed the chronology of phases of archaeological activity across regions. The available radiocarbon results—the nature of the samples and their associations—provide the basis for what chronological questions it is possible to address for any site or region. In dealing with regional analyses, due consideration must be made of data selection. While data selection might be a relatively self-evident consideration in the analysis of a site chronology, working

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Sikorski, Jarosław. "A new method for constructing Pb-210 chronology of young peat profiles sampled with low frequency." Geochronometria 46, no. 1 (2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geochr-2015-0101.

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Abstract The paper presents the results of measurements the specific concentration of lead-210 for six peat profiles representing four peat bogs from two regions of Poland and the problem of creating age-depth models. For the construction of age-depth models, it is proposed to use mathematical functions, the best fit to the measured activity. The F-statistics were used as a measure of the match quality. The obtained models are visualized in two ways – showing the age calculated on the basis of direct measurements of activity and indicating points that are the results of the used approximation.

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Moska, Piotr, Grzegorz Adamiec, Zdzisław Jary, et al. "Luminescence chronostratigraphy for the loess deposits in Złota, Poland." Geochronometria 45, no. 1 (2018): 44–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geochr-2015-0073.

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Abstract Loess formations in Poland display a close relationship with cooling and warming trends of the Northern Hemisphere during the Pleistocene. Loess sequences sensitively record regional palaeoclimatic and palaeoecological changes. The Złota loess profile (21°39’E, 50°39’N) provides a unique opportunity to reconstruct climate conditions in the past in this part of Poland. This continuous sequence of loess and palaeosol deposits allows to distinguish between warmer and more humid climate which is favourable for soil development and much colder and dry periods which are conducive to loess a

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Cochrane, Ethan E., Timothy M. Rieth, and Darby Filimoehala. "The first quantitative assessment of radiocarbon chronologies for initial pottery in Island Southeast Asia supports multi-directional Neolithic dispersal." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (2021): e0251407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251407.

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Neolithization, or the Holocene demographic expansion of farming populations, accounts for significant changes in human and animal biology, artifacts, languages, and cultures across the earth. For Island Southeast Asia, the orthodox Out of Taiwan hypothesis proposes that Neolithic expansion originated from Taiwan with populations moving south into Island Southeast Asia, while the Western Route Migration hypothesis suggests the earliest farming populations entered from Mainland Southeast Asia in the west. These hypotheses are also linked to competing explanations of the Austronesian expansion,

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Hornsby, Kristofer T., Ashley R. Streig, Scott E. K. Bennett, Jefferson C. Chang, and Shannon Mahan. "Neotectonic and Paleoseismic Analysis of the Northwest Extent of Holocene Surface Deformation along the Meers Fault, Oklahoma." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 110, no. 1 (2019): 49–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120180148.

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ABSTRACT The Meers fault (Oklahoma) is one of few seismogenic structures with evidence for Holocene surface rupture in the stable continental region of North America. The 37-kilometer-long southeast section of the full 54-kilometer-long Meers fault is interpreted to be Holocene active. The 17-kilometer-long northwest section is considered Quaternary active, but not Holocene active. We reevaluate surface expression and earthquake timing of the northwest Meers fault to improve seismic source characterization. We use airborne light detection and ranging and historical stereopaired aerial photos t

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Padgett, Jason S., Simon E. Engelhart, Harvey M. Kelsey, Robert C. Witter, Niamh Cahill, and Eileen Hemphill-Haley. "Timing and amount of southern Cascadia earthquake subsidence over the past 1700 years at northern Humboldt Bay, California, USA." GSA Bulletin 133, no. 9-10 (2021): 2137–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/b35701.1.

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Abstract Stratigraphic, lithologic, foraminiferal, and radiocarbon analyses indicate that at least four abrupt mud-over-peat contacts are recorded across three sites (Jacoby Creek, McDaniel Creek, and Mad River Slough) in northern Humboldt Bay, California, USA (∼44.8°N, −124.2°W). The stratigraphy records subsidence during past megathrust earthquakes at the southern Cascadia subduction zone ∼40 km north of the Mendocino Triple Junction. Maximum and minimum radiocarbon ages on plant macrofossils from above and below laterally extensive (&gt;6 km) contacts suggest regional synchroneity of su

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