Academic literature on the topic 'Oxidation-reduction reaction – Study and teaching'
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Journal articles on the topic "Oxidation-reduction reaction – Study and teaching"
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Rahmawati, Sitti, and Bunbun Bundjali. "KINETICS OF THE OXIDATION OF VITAMIN C." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 12, no. 3 (2012): 291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21345.
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Vitamin C or ascorbic acid is needed by the human body but it is already damaged by the rise in temperature due to be oxidized to L-dehydroascorbic acid. This research aims to determine the kinetics of oxidation of ascorbic acid due to an increase if temperature (40-80 °C) and to design an ascorbic acid oxidation reaction laboratory module to be applied in the senior high school reaction kinetics curriculum. The determination of the kinetics of the oxidation of ascorbic acid applies the integral and half-change time methods, while the concentration of the remained ascorbic acid in sixty minute intervals is determined by iodimetric titration method. Decomposition of ascorbic acid was measured at 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 °C. The results of this research indicate that at 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 °C the kinetics of the oxidation of ascorbic acid is a first-order reaction with rate constants of 4.55 x 10-4, 5.85 x 10-4, 8.4 x 10-4, 1.1 x 10-3 and 1.015 x 10-3 min-1, respectively. Pre-exponential factor or the frequency of collisions is a factor which is a measure of the collision rate. The activation energy and the pre-exponential factor for the oxidation of ascorbic acid were found to be 20.73 kJ.mol-1 and 1.372 min-1. The procedure used in this study was modified into a laboratory module will be applied in the teaching of reaction kinetics at the senior high school level.
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Shikdar, Sufana, Kavita Agrawal, Nicholas Ghionni, et al. "The Appropriateness of Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP) Administration in Three Community Teaching Hospitals." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (2019): 5789. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-127693.
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Objective: Although Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP) is indicated in critically ill patients, there are growing concerns about it's cost effectiveness and adverse effects in instances that do not conform to evidence-based indications. Despite a range of adverse reaction with the inappropriate usage of FFP, its usage has significantly increased over the last decade. We previously evaluated the overuse of FFP in our community teaching hospital in 2010-2011 and 2016-2017. The interventions to reduce the inappropriate FFP transfusion were implemented after the results from 2016-2017. The present multicenter study is a post-interventional study that describes practices regarding administration of FFP in three community teaching hospitals between 2017-2018. Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients who received FFP transfusion in three community teaching hospitals between 2017-2018 were included in our study. Criteria were established to evaluate the appropriateness of FFP. Descriptive statistics were utilized to compare the appropriateness of FFP transfusion among the participating hospitals. Results: Overall, 306 participants were evaluated where 25% of the participants (77 out of 306) received inappropriate FFP transfusions. The most common rationale for inappropriate FFP transfusions were bleeding with INR less than 1.5 followed by INR over 1.5 (without any evidence of active bleeding).Based on our study criteria, the proportion of inappropriate FFP transfused out of the total FFP transfused decreased from 49% in the study period 2016-2017 to 25% in the study period 2017-2018. 15% of the study population received inappropriate FFP transfusion for bleeding in 2017-2018 compared to 42% in 2016-2017. Conclusion: Our study showed a reduction in inappropriate FFP transfusions in 2017-2018 compared to 2016-2017. This can be attributed to the interventions implemented after obtaining study results from 2016-2017. The interventions included creating fliers educating about lack of effectiveness of FFP to reduce INR below 1.6 and arranging educational talks from transfusion committee about the evidence-based usage of FFP transfusion. Such interventions are essential to reduce healthcare expenditure and transfusion related adverse events. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Suherman, Wawan Sundawan, Dapan Dapan, Guntur Guntur, and Nur Rohmah Muktiani. "DEVELOPMENT OF A TRADITIONAL CHILDREN GAME BASED INSTRUCTIONAL MODEL TO OPTIMIZE KINDERGARTENERS’ FUNDAMENTAL MOTOR SKILL." Jurnal Cakrawala Pendidikan 38, no. 2 (2019): 356–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/cp.v38i2.25289.
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Traditional children game is proposed as a suitable physical activity for instructional mean in kindergarten. The research intends to develop traditional children game based instructional model to optimize development of fundamental motor skills of kindergarteners. This research and development used an approach from Borg & Gall. The research involved kindergartens in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Data were collected by interview, observation, and documentation, and then were analyzed in three steps: organization and reduction, displaying, and summarization and verification. The study phase follows activities: identification of theoretical basis and determination of instructional model design, identification and analysis of traditional children game, and validation of instructional model. After being validated by material experts and teaching experts, the traditional children game based instructional model for optimizing the development of kindergarteners’ fundamental motor skills consists of: (1) concepts/theoretical basis, (2) activity stages, (3) social systems, (4) principles of reaction, (5) supporting system, and (6) model impact.
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Semeniv, Bogdan, Taras Prystavskyi, М. М. Стахів, Olena Gоlubeva, and Julia Sopila. "Influence of varieties of aerobics on the psychophysiological condition of women of the teaching staff." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 3(123) (July 28, 2020): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2020.3(123).25.
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Ukraine carries out a wide range of measures that create the necessary conditions for work and life, improvement of the external, including industrial, environment, further development of health care. At the same time, human activity by means of physical culture and sports are important factors in improving and strengthening health, which ultimately increases a person's creative activity, his ability to work. Aim of the research - to determine experimentally the effectiveness of the application of aerobics on the psychophysiological state and the special ability of women of the teaching staff. The following research methods were used to achieve the goal: analysis, generalization, systematization of literature sources on the problem of research, questionnaires, surveys, psychophysiological research methods, pedagogical research methods. Results of the research: exercise in classical aerobics contributes to the activation of various structures of the CNS, as a result of which women began to respond more quickly to light signals. Special working capacity increased by 48.5%. Having completed the study of strength aerobics classes in women, there was a significant increase in the potential of cardiohemodynamics. Training complexes of physical exercises in aerobics with the use of various equipment, lead to the activation of different parts of the cerebral cortex, which is expressed in a reduction (approximately 15%) of the visual-motor reaction time, increases (approximately 14.5%) special performance. Under the influence of training on strength training equipment in women, the potential of cardiohemodynamics decreases, and on the other hand, as a result of activation of the cortical structures of the brain, professional efficiency increases. Conclusions. Systematic physical culture and sports normalize the work of almost all organs and systems of the body, increase the psycho-emotional state, physical and mental activity.
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Thandu, Sanjeeva Kumar Goud, A. N. Vijay Kumar, and Rahul Rajendra Kunkulol. "Pharmacoeconomics of allergic rhinitis drugs treatment in tertiary care hospital." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 8, no. 10 (2019): 2313. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20194278.
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Background: Allergic rhinitis also called hay fever; it is a very common in India. Harmless exposing substances cause an allergic reaction. Allergic rhinitis is of the two types, one is the seasonal occurred with the change of seasons, second is the perennial means any time during the year.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study to determine the cost analysis allergic rhinitis drugs used in treatment of ENT OPD in a tertiary care teaching hospital, Kamothe, Navi Mumbai. The patients were interviewed; prescriptions were analyzed number of medicines prescribed.Results: Incidence of polypharmacy two drugs per prescriptions were prescribed 140 and three drugs per prescriptions 60. In the total number of 200 prescriptions, the cost of 43 prescriptions were in between 251-300 Indian rupees and 18 prescriptions were 301-350 Indian rupees. Patient knowledge about the drug use in this study, out of 200 pts 37% of allergic rhinitis patients knew the correct dosage of the prescribed drugs while 63% were not aware.Conclusions: Majority of the participants drugs were prescribed two to three drugs, per prescription cost was high because all the drugs prescribed by brand name and no drugs were prescribed by generic name. Improvement in knowledge about generic medicines is important factor to prefer generic medicine. Reduction in cost of drug will improve compliance.
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Rateb, Mahmoud F., Hazem Abdel Motaal, Mohamed Shehata, Mohamed Anwar, Dalia Tohamy, and Mohamed G. A. Saleh. "Outcome of a Low-Cost Glaucoma Implant versus the Baerveldt Glaucoma Implant for Paediatric Glaucoma in a Tertiary Hospital in Egypt." Journal of Ophthalmology 2019 (December 20, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5134190.
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Purpose. To compare safety and efficacy between a low-cost glaucoma drainage device (GDD), the Aurolab aqueous drainage implant (AADI), and the Baerveldt glaucoma implant (BGI) in refractory childhood glaucoma in Egypt. Methods. This is a retrospective study of patients who received either an AADI or BGI at a tertiary care postgraduate teaching institute. Children aged <16 years with uncontrolled intraocular pressure (IOP) with or without prior failed trabeculectomy who completed a minimum 6-month follow-up were included. The outcome measures were IOP reduction from preoperative values and postoperative complications. Results. Charts of 57 children (younger than 16 years old) diagnosed with refractory childhood glaucoma were included. Of these, 27 eyes received AADI implants (group A), while 30 received BGI implants (group B). The mean preoperative baseline IOP was 34 ± 5 mmHg in group A versus 29 ± 2 mmHg in group B (p=0.78) in patients on maximum allowed glaucoma medications. In group A versus group B, the mean IOP decreased to 13.25 ± 8.74 mmHg (p=0.6), 12.8 ± 5.4 mmHg (p=0.7), and 12.6 ± 5.6 mmHg (p=0.9) after 1 week, 3 months, and 6 months, respectively. However, in group A, an anterior chamber reaction appeared around the tube in 14 cases starting from the first month and resolved with treatment in only 4 cases. In the other 10 cases, the reaction became more severe and required surgical intervention. This complication was not observed in any eye in group B. Conclusion. AADI, a low-cost glaucoma implant, is effective in lowering IOP in patients with recalcitrant paediatric glaucoma. However, an intense inflammatory reaction with serious consequences developed in some of our patients; we believe these events are related to the valve material. We therefore strongly recommend against its use in children.
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Park, Keun-Ho, and Ju-Yeong Song. "A Study on the Oxidation-reduction Reaction of Organic Thin Films." Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers 19, no. 8 (2006): 724–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4313/jkem.2006.19.8.724.
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Locatelli, Solange, Paulo Henrique Soares Gomes, and Agnaldo Arroio. "CONNECTIONS INVOLVING THE USE OF CHEMICAL LANGUAGE AND UNDERSTANDING OF REDUCTION-OXIDATION REACTION." GAMTAMOKSLINIS UGDYMAS / NATURAL SCIENCE EDUCATION 15, no. 2 (2018): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.48127/gu-nse/18.15.61.
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Understanding submicroscopic level, which requires in-depth chemistry knowledge, is difficult for students. The sample of the research consisted of 32 students, who performed a teaching-learning sequence of two electrochemical reactions. Eight of them were videotaped and their speech was transcribed and analyzed. The results indicated that students who used more chemical terms improved their understanding of the submicroscopic level. Talking more, in this case, showed no relation to learning directed to an instrumental understanding (focus on how). The use of more chemical terms enabled them to grasp a relational understanding (focus on why) and the predictive ability of new chemical phenomena. Keywords: chemical education, chemical terms, electrochemistry, relational understanding, submicroscopic level.
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Nazirun, Muhammad Mukhlis, and Ermawati S. "Struktur dan Kaidah Teks Anekdot dalam Kumpulan Cerita Abu Nawas." GERAM 8, no. 1 (2020): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/geram.2020.vol8(1).4964.
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The background of the research was based on the existence of Abu Nawas stories that contain humor aspects. Besides, it has its uniqueness, so that readers are curious. The story of Abu Nawas is categorized as an anecdotal story because it contains the same structure and rules as the anecdotal text. Besides it also has a moral value so that it can be used as alternative teaching material at schools. Regarding the importance of Abu Nawas story, this study aimed to describe the structure and rules of anecdotal texts in the collection of Abu Nawas stories. This research was descriptive qualitative research. This research was conducted in literature. The research took six months. Data was collected using documentation techniques. This research data contained the text of the Abu Nawas anecdotal story containing structure and language use. The data analysis technique used in this study was the procedure and analysis model according to Miles and Huberman which consists of three stages, namely, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion or verification. The results of this study, first, in terms of the generic structure, 44 anecdotal texts were perfect and 14 texts were not complete. It was proven by the average value which was 94% and was categorized complete based on the standard of anecdotal text structure covering abstract, orientation, crisis, reaction, and coda. Second, in terms of language use, 19 stories were complete and 39 stories did not use the language use properly. It was proven by the average value which was 75% and was categorized complete. The language features used in the form of past tense, rhetorical questions, temporal conjunction, material verbs, and imperative sentences.
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Chiang, Wen-Wei, Mei-Hung Chiu, Shiao-Lan Chung, and Chun-Keng Liu. "SURVEY OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS’ UNDERSTANDING OF OXIDATION-REDUCTION REACTION." Journal of Baltic Science Education 13, no. 5 (2014): 596–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/jbse/14.13.596.
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This study investigated the conceptions of 340 Taiwanese high school students (grades 10 to 12) regarding oxidation–reduction reactions. The diagnostic tool used was a two-tier test based on a concept map of redox reactions as presented in high school curriculums. The reliability of the two-tier test items was 0.82. The results show that most 11th graders performed equally well in questions related to the concept of the gain and loss of electrons during oxidation–reduction. In terms of working with oxidation numbers, scores increased with grade level. The results of this study provide valuable reference for curriculum designers and science instructors. Key words: concept map, oxidation–reduction, redox, two-tier.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Oxidation-reduction reaction – Study and teaching"
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Addam, Billey Bright. "Probing learners' conceptual understanding of oxidation and reduction (redox) reactions : a case study." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002950.
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The new political dispensation in South Africa has seen a lot of changes taking place. The democratic wind, which has been blowing in all spheres of the political arena, could not leave out Education. This has led to the transformation in education and the revision of the curriculum guided by the Outcomes-Based Education philosophy (OBE). Thus, require education authorities as well as educators to look at education more comprehensively. The challenge posed to educators now is to develop tools and strategies that will make learning accessible to as many learners as possible and to teach for understanding and construction of knowledge. The principal objective of this study was to investigate the important role the learner's prior knowledge plays and the use of different tools and strategies in stimulating conceptual understanding and construction of knowledge of redox reactions. This was done using learners' own investigations, practical activities, teaching settings and a workshop. The findings show that the learners lacked organized and structured prior knowledge. Learners could not integrate prior experience with new experience. The main issue seems to be the failure of learners to relate classroom experience to everyday redox phenomena. Possible reasons are discussed with some implications for teaching redox. The study further postulates that to assist learners to develop conceptual understanding of redox reactions, different tools and strategies should be employed and teaching made relevant to real-life situations. In so doing, redox concepts would not be abstract to learners.
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Davies, Arthur John. "The development and teaching of redox concepts /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09EDM/09edmd255.pdf.
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Miedzinska, K. M. E. (Katarzyna Malgorzata Ewa) Carleton University Dissertation Chemistry. "A study of the redox mechanism of exchanged zeolites." Ottawa, 1985.
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Faierson, Eric J. "Influences of Reaction Parameters on the Product of a Geothermite Reaction: A Multi-Component Oxidation-Reduction Reaction Study." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32327.
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This study investigated an oxidation-reduction reaction involving a mixture of minerals, glass, and aluminum that exhibited thermite-type reaction behavior. Thermite reactions are a class of Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis (SHS) reactions. Chemical reactions between raw minerals and a reducing agent, which exhibit thermite-type reaction behavior, are termed geothermite reactions by the author. Geothermite reactions have the potential for use in In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) applications on the Earth, the Moon, Mars, and beyond.<p>
A geothermite reaction was shown to occur between two particle size distributions of lunar regolith simulant. Regolith simulant is a naturally occurring mixture of minerals and glass mined from a volcanic ash deposit. The chemical composition of the simulant is similar to actual lunar regolith found on the Moon. The product of the reaction was a ceramic-composite material. The effect of reactant stoichiometry, regolith simulant particle size, and reaction environment on phase formation, microstructure, and compressive strength of the reaction product was investigated. Reaction environments used in this study included a standard atmosphere and a vacuum environment of 0.600 Torr. In addition, the energy required to initiate each reaction using various reaction parameters was measured.<p>
X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of reaction products synthesized in a standard atmosphere and in vacuum typically indicated the presence of the chemical species: silicon, corundum (α -Al<sub
>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>), spinel (MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>), and grossite (CaAl<sub>4</sub>O<sub>7</sub>). Many additional chemical species were present; their occurrence depended on reaction parameters used during synthesis. Diffraction peaks were observed for phases of aluminum nitride within all reaction products formed in a standard atmosphere. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed the presence of whisker networks throughout the microstructure for all reactions conducted in a standard atmosphere. Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) indicated the presence of aluminum and nitrogen within many of the whiskers. It was hypothesized that many of the whisker networks were composed of phases of aluminum nitride. No whisker networks were observed in the vacuum synthesized reaction products. Maximum mean compressive strengths were found to be ~ 18 MPa and occurred in the coarse particle size distribution of simulant using the smallest quantity of aluminum. Reactant mixtures using a coarse particle size distribution of regolith simulant were found to require substantially more energy to initiate the reaction than the simulant with the fine particle size distribution.<br>Master of Science
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Fang, Junchuan. "Electro-catalysis of Oxygen Reduction on Platinum-Bismuth Alloy Nanoparticles and a Study of Nafion Ionomer Impact." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1627663391900617.
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Wycoff, Donald E. "Catalysis of interfacial transfer of photo-generated electrons : a study of four molybdenum-sulfur complex ions mediating electron transfer across a colloidal semiconductor-liquid interface /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3164554.
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Acuña-Parés, Ferran. "Theoretical study of water oxidation and reduction mechanisms by aminopyridine first row transition metal catalysts." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/398411.
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One of the major current scientific goals is the development of renewable energy sources. An effective alternative to fossil fuels consists in the conversion of the sunlight energy into chemical fuels. The molecular hydrogen from water is considered the most promising energy carrier. In the natural photosynthesis the solar energy is stored into the carbohydrate chemical bonds derived from water and CO2. The key step of this process is the photo-oxidation of H2O molecules into O2, which provides the protons and electrons needed to produce H2. A detailed knowledge of the reaction mechanisms results essential to enhance the catalytic performance and to ensure the compatibility of the water oxidation and proton reduction catalysts. In this thesis, the key steps of the water oxidation and proton reduction reactions catalyzed by a group of metal complexes and the catalysts structural features that benefit both processes are studied using computational tools<br>Un dels grans reptes actuals consisteix en el desenvolupament de fonts d'energia renovables. Una alternativa eficaç als combustibles fòssils consisteix en la conversió de l'energia solar en combustibles químics. L’hidrogen molecular provinent de l’aigua és considerat el portador d’energia més prometador. En la fotosíntesi natural l’energia solar és emmagatzemada en els enllaços químics dels carbohidrats obtinguts a partir d’aigua i CO2. L’etapa clau del procés és la foto-oxidació de l'aigua en O2, que aporta els protons i electrons necessaris per produir H2. El coneixement detallat del mecanisme de reacció resulta essencial per millorar el rendiment catalític i assegurar la compatibilitat dels catalitzadors d’oxidació de l’aigua i reducció de protons. En aquesta tesi, les etapes fonamentals del mecanisme de les reaccions d’oxidació de l’aigua o la reducció de protons catalitzades per un grup de complexos metàl·lics i les característiques estructurals dels catalitzadors que beneficien ambdues reaccions són estudiades utilitzant eines computacionals
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Poux, Tiphaine. "Study of the oxygen reduction on perovskite-type oxides in alkaline media." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAF001/document.
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La cinétique lente de la réduction de l’oxygène (ORR) est en grande partie responsable de la perte d’énergie de nombreux systèmes de conversion tels que les piles à combustible. Parmi les possibles catalyseurs de l’ORR, les oxydes de type pérovskite sont des candidats prometteurs en milieu alcalin. La présente thèse est consacrée à l’étude de l’activité, du mécanisme et de la stabilité de pérovskites à base de Co et Mn pour l’ORR. Grâce aux techniques d’électrode tournante à disque et disque-anneau (R(R)DE), les études de l’ORR et des transformations d’HO2- sur les couches minces de pérovskite/carbone dans une solution de NaOH ont montré qu’O2 est réduit en OH- via un mécanisme « en série » avec formation d’HO2- intermédiaire. Pour des quantités d’oxyde suffisantes, HO2- est ensuite réduit, ce qui résulte en un mécanisme apparent de 4 électrons. Dans ces électrodes, le carbone joue un double rôle. Il augmente l’activité électrocatalytique en améliorant le contact électrique et il est impliqué dans le mécanisme de l’ORR en catalysant la réduction d’O2 en HO2-, surtout pour les pérovskites à base de cobalt qui sont considérablement moins actives que celles à base de Mn. Néanmoins, l’électrocatalyse de l’ORR semble dégrader les sites actifs des pérovskites<br>The sluggish kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is largely responsible for the energy losses in energy conversion systems such as fuel cells. Among possible inexpensive catalysts for the ORR, perovskite oxides are promising electrocatalysts in alkaline media. The present thesis is devoted to the investigation of the ORR activity, mechanism and stability of some Co and Mn-based perovskites. The rotating (ring) disk electrode (R(R)DE) studies of the ORR and the HO2- transformations on perovskite/carbon thin layers in NaOH electrolyte prove that O2 is reduced to OH- via a “series” pathway with the HO2- intermediate. For high oxide loadings, the formed HO2- species are further reduced to give a global 4 electron pathway. In these electrodes, carbon plays a dual role. It increases the electrocatalytic activity by improving the electrical contact and it is involved in the ORR mechanism by catalyzing the reduction of O2 into HO2-, especially for Co-based perovskites which display lower reaction rates than Mn-based perovskites
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Chauveau, Eric. "Analyse, par modélisation, de la sélectivité réactionnelle dans les procédés d'électrolyse pulsée : cas d'un dépôt métallique." Grenoble INPG, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPG0141.
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Lopez, Christian. "La technique de l'effet mirage appliquée à la caractérisation de la dynamique ionique des systèmes électroactifs." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10171.
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L'applicabilite de la technique de l'effet mirage comme outil d'analyse quantitative des echanges de matiere entre un systeme electroactif depose sur une electrode et la solution a ete demontree dans cet ouvrage. L'effet mirage est base sur la propriete d'un faisceau lumineux de devier de sa trajectoire initiale lorsqu'il traverse un milieu dont l'indice de refraction n'est pas homogene. Or, l'indice de refraction depend de la temperature de ce milieu (effet mirage thermique) et de la concentration d'une espece dissoute (effet mirage de concentration). Il est montre que la technique de l'effet mirage de concentration s'applique a l'etude de la dynamique ionique de systemes electrochimiques aussi varies que l'oxydation catalytique de l'hypophosphite sur une electrode de nickel, le comportement d'une electrode sacrificielle carbone-soufre, et le processus d'oxydoreduction des polycarbazoles. La correction du delai de propagation des especes entre l'electrode et le faisceau lumineux a ete realisee grace a l'outil mathematique de convolution temporelle. Il est ainsi possible de comparer quantitativement le courant mesure a l'electrode et le signal mirage mesure a une centaine de micrometres de cette derniere. L'utilisation de cet outil pour l'etude du processus d'oxydoreduction d'un polymere conducteur electronique modele, tel que le polypyrrole, a permis de discriminer les flux anionique et cationique. Enfin, le couplage in situ des techniques de voltamperometrie cyclique, d'effet mirage et de microbalance a quartz a ete realise pour la premiere fois. Il a permis de mesurer simultanement l'evolution des flux d'anions, de cations et de solvant au cours du processus d'oxydoreduction du polypyrrole
Book chapters on the topic "Oxidation-reduction reaction – Study and teaching"
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Martinho Simões, José A., and Manuel Minas da Piedade. "Electrochemical Measurements." In Molecular Energetics. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195133196.003.0020.
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Electrochemical measurements have been playing an increasingly important role in the thermodynamic study of reactions in solution, not only because they provide data that are difficult (or even impossible) to obtain by other methods but also because these data can often be compared with the values determined for the analogous gas-phase reactions, thus yielding information on solvation energetics. Figure 16.1 was adapted from a scheme proposed by Griller et al. It summarizes the thermochemical information on the R–X bond that can be probed by electrochemical methods. The vertical arrows represent homolytic cleavages, and the horizontal arrows depict reduction or oxidation potentials. The authors have appropriately called the scheme in figure 16.1 a “mnemonic,” rather than a “thermochemical cycle,” because not all arrow combinations define thermochemical cycles. This can be made more clear by inspecting figure 16.2, where true thermochemical cycles are defined. For example, the enthalpy of reaction 7 is not the sum of the enthalpies of reactions 1 and 4 (as might be suggested by figure 16.1) but their sum minus the enthalpy of reaction 12. In fact, true thermochemical cycles in figure 16.1 can only be defined by considering parallelograms confined either to the upper or the lower part of the mnemonic. For instance, the enthalpy of reaction 7 is given by the enthalpy of reaction 4 plus the enthalpy of reaction 9 minus the enthalpy of reaction 3, but it is not equal to the enthalpy of reaction 6 minus the enthalpy of reaction 11 plus the enthalpy of reaction 10. Also, the enthalpy of reaction 1 (the homolytic dissociation of the R–X bond in the neutral molecule RX) can be given by the sum of the enthalpies or reaction 5 and 11 minus the enthalpy of reaction 3 or, for example, by the sum of the enthalpies of reactions 7 and 12 minus the enthalpy of reaction 4. The attractive feature of the mnemonic in figure 16.1 (or the thermochemical cycles in figure 16.2) is that it depicts the seven possible R–X cleavage reactions of RX, RX−, and RX+, as well as their relationships.
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Gore, Michael G., and Stephen P. Bottomley. "Stopped-flow fluorescence spectroscopy." In Spectrophotometry and Spectrofluorimetry. Oxford University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199638130.003.0013.
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Biochemical reactions, such as substrate or coenzyme binding to enzymes are usually completed in no more than 50-100 ms and thus require rapid reaction techniques such as stopped-flow instrumentation for their study. Fortunately, many such reactions can be followed by changes in the absorption properties of the substrate, product or coenzyme, and examples of these have been described in Chapters 1, 7 and 8. An alternative possibility is that during the reaction there is a change in the fluorescence properties of the substrate, coenzyme or the protein itself. Some reactions, particularly those involving the oxidation/ reduction of coenzymes, involve both changes in absorption and changes in fluorescence emission intensity. In many cases, the fluorescence properties of the ligand or protein itself may change when a complex is formed, even in the absence of a full catalytic reaction occurring, e.g. the protein fluorescence emission of most pyridine or flavin nucleotide-dependent dehydrogenases is quenched when NAD(P)H or FADH (respectively) binds to them, due to resonance energy transfer from the aromatic amino acids of the protein to the coenzyme. Conversely, the fluorescence emission from the reduced-coenzymes is usually enhanced on formation of the complex with these enzymes (1-3). The principles behind both fluorescence and stopped-flow techniques have been described in preceding chapters (2 and 8, respectively) and therefore readers should familiarize themselves with these chapters for some of the background information. In this chapter, we discuss the use of stopped-flow fluorescence spectroscopy and its application to a number of biochemical problems. A typical stopped-flow system is assembled from modular components of a conventional spectrophotometer/fluorimeter, a device permitting rapid mixing of the components of a reaction and a data recording system with a fast response. Commercially available instruments offer facilities for the observation of changes in absorption and/or fluorescence emission after rapid mixing of the reagents. These measurements can often be made simultaneously due to the different optical requirements of the two spectroscopic techniques. Figure 1 gives a generalized diagram of the geometry of a stopped-flow system able to simultaneously measure changes in absorption and fluorescence intensity of a reaction.
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"(9) the oxidation rate of organic compounds is fast when large amount of ferrous ions are present because large amount of hydroxyl radicals are produced. However, the Fenton reaction may slow down due to the slow ferrous ion production. In previous studies, the photocatalytic degradation of dichlorvos (DDVP. an insecticide) on glass supported titanium dioxide was investigated. Results indicate that photocatalysis can be an effective process for the degradation of dichlorvos [3]. The mineralization of dichlorvos and the reduction of toxicity were investigated via the photocatalytic reaction [4]. This study uses Fenton’s reagent, ferrous ions/hydrogen peroxide, to oxidize dichlorvos with an attempt to explore the behavior of dichlorvos oxidation and how factors such as pH, [H O ],." In Hazardous and Industrial Waste Proceedings, 30th Mid-Atlantic Conference. CRC Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781498709453-151.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Oxidation-reduction reaction – Study and teaching"
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Cahyana, Ucu, Yusmaniar Yusmaniar, and Irma Komala. "THE DEVELOPMENT OF LECTORA INSPIRE MEDIA WITH SCIENTIFIC BASED APPROACH FOR TEACHING REDUCTION-OXIDATION REACTION THROUGH PROFESSIONAL LEARNING COMMUNITY." In International Technology, Education and Development Conference. IATED, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2016.1340.
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Nakamura, Kotaro, Masashi Tanabe, Satoru Abe, Takashi Mawatari, and Takao Nakagaki. "Modeling of Low-Temperature Reduction of Metal Oxide in Hydrogen Treatment System for Severe Accidents in Nuclear Power Plants." In 2020 International Conference on Nuclear Engineering collocated with the ASME 2020 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone2020-16450.
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Abstract At the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, zirconium in the fuel rod cladding reacted with water vapor at elevated temperatures due to a loss of cooling water, resulting in the production of a large amount of hydrogen. This hydrogen leaked from the reactor vessel and accumulated in the top of reactor building, eventually leading to an explosion. A hydrogen treatment system that re-oxidizes hydrogen to water vapor is one of the effective methods to prevent such an explosion. A prominent re-oxidation method is via a fixed bed reactor packed with metal oxide pellets. The advantages of this method are its relatively fast oxidation rate without external oxygen/air injection. In this study, experiments and complementary numerical calculations were performed on the hydrogen re-oxidation reaction by metal oxides. The oxidation of hydrogen by copper oxide is modeled by 5 interacting, elementary reactions consisting of 6 chemical species. Experiments were performed using two packed bed set-ups, with measurement of inlet/outlet gas composition and pre/post-analysis of solid composition used to determine constants of the individual reaction rates for numerical calculations. From these reaction constants, the temporal behavior of the outlet gas was predicted.
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Selim, H., A. K. Gupta, and M. Sassi. "Reduced Mechanism for the Oxidation of Hydrogen Sulfide." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-86497.
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Hydrogen sulfide is one of the most common gases accompanying fuels in oil and gas refinery processes. This gas has very harmful effect on the human health and environment so that it must be removed in an effective and efficient manner before using this fuel. These problems triggered the interest to study the chemistry of hydrogen sulfide oxidation, as it is mainly treated by chemical reactions. Simplification of the reaction mechanism will enable us to understand the properties of the chemical processes that occur during the process of hydrogen sulfide treatment. Reduction strategy is carried out here in order to reduce the detailed mechanism, where the direct relation graph and error propagation methodology (DRGEP) has been used in this paper. The results obtained from the resulting reduced mechanism showed very good agreement with the detailed chemistry results under different reaction conditions. However, some discrepancies have been found for some species, especially in the hydrogen and oxygen mole fractions. The reduced mechanism is also capable of tracking the difference in chemical kinetics that takes place due to the change in reaction conditions.
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Iwaki, Chikako, Daigo Kittaka, Toshihiro Yoshii, et al. "Development of Hydrogen Treatment System in Severe Accident: Part 2 — Study on Reaction Characteristic of a Hydrogen Processing Unit." In 2016 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone24-60917.
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In the course of a severe accident, a large amount of hydrogen gas is generated by a metal-water reaction in a PCV (Primary Containment Vessel) of Light Water Reactors. Although the filter vent of gas mixture, which includes hydrogen and steam, is an effective method for the accident management of BWR that prevents the PCV overpressure, the filter vent at the early stage of severe accident may cause releasing radioactive material to environment. We have been developing the hydrogen treatment system to prevent excessive pressure without PCV vent and releasing radioactive material to environment. We focus on the oxidation-reduction reaction of metal oxides with high reaction rates, for the hydrogen treatment system. Metal oxide material would be an effective device under low-oxygen conditions like PCV of BWR. The hydrogen treatment system mainly consists of a hydrogen processing unit, a blower and pipes. The hydrogen treatment unit has a lot of reaction pipes in which metal oxides are filled. Some fundamental chemical experiments which we have done have revealed that copper oxides (CuO) rapidly react with hydrogen to form cupper (Cu). Their results show that metal oxides are effective as hydrogen treatment elements. On the other hand, there are few evaluations for the characteristics of hydrogen treatment unit. The dependency of hydrogen treatment performance on gas temperature, hydrogen concentration and pressure is investigated in the present study. We conducted experiments using a test section with one reaction pipe, which simulated a hydrogen processing unit. The processing materials granulated CuO, MnO2 and Co3O4 with 2mm diameter were used. Gradual increase of processing material temperature in the test section was observed along the gas streams caused by oxidation-reduction reaction after the mixing gases were supplied. Consequently, the hydrogen concentration at the outlet of the test section decreased with time. The increase of the hydrogen reaction rate was also observed with increase of gas temperature, hydrogen concentration and pressure. We have developed the thermal-chemical model of hydrogen processing unit from these experiment results, and confirmed that the model could predict the characteristics of a hydrogen processing unit qualitatively.
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Luo, Qinlan, Ruiya Jia, Bin Feng, Qulan Zhou, and Na Li. "Experimental Study of Mercury Removal and Electrolytic Regeneration by Ca(ClO)2 Solutions." In ASME 2017 Power Conference Joint With ICOPE-17 collocated with the ASME 2017 11th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, the ASME 2017 15th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2017 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power-icope2017-3264.
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The trace element mercury (Hg0) released from fossil fuel combustion in thermal power plants is difficult to be collected by pollution control equipment as its high volatility, high volatility and low solubility. The removal of Hg0 is the most critical part of mercury removal technology. The existing technologies of mercury removal include activated carbon adsorption, fly ash adsorption, calcium-based adsorbent adsorption, and wet scrubbing method. While these existing technologies have some disadvantages, like high absorbent consumption, high absorption cost and existence of secondary pollution. Much attention has been devoted to the development of new mercury removal technology in recent years. In this study, the Ca(ClO)2 solution was proposed for the absorption of elemental mercury as its strong oxidizing property and low expenditure. The chemical reaction mechanism, reaction kinetics and reaction thermodynamic in both absorption and regeneration processes were explored, which verified the feasibility of mercury removal and absorbent regeneration. Effects of solution concentration, absorption temperature and solution pH value on absorption performance of Ca(ClO)2 solution were investigated in micro bubbling reactor. The experimental results revealed that acid environment (pH = 1–5) and high solution concentration were beneficial to mercury removal. A high removal efficiency (over 90%) and a low outlet mercury concentration (below 0.01mg·m3) was obtained under optimal experimental parameters (with the pH value of 3, the solution concentration of 15 mmol·L−1 and the temperature of 25 °C). The performance of electrolytic regeneration in Ca(ClO)2 rich solutions were carried out, and the effect of electrolysis time on current efficiency and energy consumption in electrolytic regeneration processes were specifically studied. The regeneration results showed that the oxidation reaction of Cl− with a series of other oxidation reactions will occur at the anode, and the reduction reaction of Hg2+ will occur at the cathode. The results verified the feasibility of the electrolytic regeneration of Ca(ClO)2 rich solution using an ion-exchange membrane insulating the catholyte and the anolyte. The Ca(ClO)2 solution is a promising absorbent for elemental mercury which can accomplish the cyclic utilization of solution and the reuse of mercury.
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Khairallah, Hassan A., and Umit O. Koylu. "A Computational Study of In-Cylinder NOx Reduction Strategies for a Compression-Ignition Engine Fueled With Diesel/Hydrogen Mixtures." In ASME 2015 9th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2015 Power Conference, the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2015 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2015-49098.
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Considerable efforts have been made to introduce alternative fuels for use in conventional diesel and gasoline engines. There is significant interest in adding hydrogen to a diesel engine to reduce emissions and improve efficiency. However, the main challenge associated with the use of hydrogen in diesel engines is high nitrogen oxide (NOX) emissions. In the present study, a reduced chemical kinetics mechanism, consisting of 52 reactions and 29 chemical species for n-heptane fuel combustion, was incorporated with detailed chemical kinetics consisting of 29 reactions for hydrogen as well as additional nitrogen oxidation. This reaction mechanism was coupled with 3-D advanced CFD software to investigate the performance and emission characteristics of a diesel-hydrogen dual-fuel engine. Computational results showed good agreements with the experimental results for brake thermal efficiency, CO2, CO, and NOX emissions. The model was then employed to examine the effects of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and N2 dilution on NOX emissions. The computational results quantified the reduction in NOX emissions with EGR and N2 dilution, and a more remarkable reduction was found with 30% N2 dilution. However, in terms of the N2 dilution, a general decreasing trend was observed for both NOX and CO2 emissions, while CO emissions increased. In relation to the EGR, the NOX emissions decreased while CO2 and CO emissions significantly increased. Additionally, the results showed that the indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) and indicated power decreased as the N2 dilution increased. The same trend was observed for the EGR but the reduction was less compared to that of the N2 dilution.
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Vahedi, Nasser, Qasim A. Ranjha, and Alparslan Oztekin. "Numerical Study of High Temperature Thermochemical Energy Storage Using Co3O4/CoO." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-86329.
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Large-scale solar power generation becomes feasible using concentrated solar power plants, as the received heat is collected at high temperatures compatible with power cycle operations. The main drawback of solar power generation is the intermittent nature of available solar irradiation, which results in a mismatch between collected heat and electrical demand. Thermal energy storage (TES) systems are the options to resolve this problem by storing excess heat during high solar irradiance and releasing at off-sun conditions. Thermochemical energy storage (TCES) systems have the potential to store the solar energy at high temperatures suitable for CSP plants’ operations because of the higher energy density of the TCES materials than those used for sensible and latent heat storage options. In TCES, the heat is stored in the form of thermo-chemical energy using an endothermic reaction and is released by carrying out the reverse exothermic reaction. TCES using cobalt oxide redox (reduction/oxidation) reaction is selected for this study because of its unique features suitable for high temperature thermal energy storage. A reactor with the cylindrical fixed bed is considered, in which air flows through the bed during charging and discharging modes. Air is used as heat transfer fluid (HTF) and as the reactant gas supplying oxygen. Transient mass and energy transport equations are solved along with reaction kinetics equations using finite element method. Charging and discharging processes are investigated. The effect of geometrical and operational parameters including the material properties on overall storage and retrieval process has been studied. It was shown that the bed porosity plays a dominant role in the reactor performance. The increase in the bed porosity improves the reactor performance for both charging and discharging mode.
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Yamada, Akira, Motoshige Yagyu, Chikako Iwaki, Tsukasa Sugita, Yoshiko Haruguchi, and Masashi Tanabe. "Development of Hydrogen Treatment System in Severe Accident: Part 4 — Study of Fission Products and Steam Effect on Hydrogen Treatment Characteristics." In 2018 26th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone26-81759.
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A large amount of hydrogen is generated by the metal water-reaction in the Primary containment vessel (PCV) of light water reactors in the severe accident (SA). In the present accident management for boiling water reactor (BWR), vent of mixing gas with filtered vent is regarded as the most likely method that prevents the PCV overpressure. However, it is difficult to vent in early stage of SA because of high radioactive dose. Then we have been developing the hydrogen treatment system to prevent excessive pressure without PCV vent. In focusing on the oxidation-reduction reaction of metal oxides (MOs) with high reaction rate, we have been studying hydrogen treatment system using MOs as effective device under oxygen deficit conditions like PCV of BWR. In the previous studies, we evaluated the hydrogen treatment rate using a couple of MOs, and confirmed that CuO, Co3O4, and MnO2 were effective for the hydrogen oxidation under the oxygen-free condition. We also found that granules of these three MOs could achieve the goal of hydrogen treatment rate with reactor of hydrogen treatment system. We predicted that the performance of MOs decreased with exposure to steam and fission products (FPs) in the PCV during the hydrogen treatment, and investigated their influence. The objective of the present research is to investigate how the steam and FPs, which is supposed to be a reaction-inhibiting-factor, influence hydrogen treatment rate. Then, we conducted hydrogen treatment experiments using a fixed bed reactor with MOs layer. As the results, we confirmed that the hydrogen treatment rate of MnO2 decrease from 70 g/s/m3 to 15 g/s/m3 when partial pressure of vapor went above 0.1 MPa-abs, though, that of CuO didn’t depend on the partial pressure of vapor and sustain the same rate about 40 g/s/m3. We also confirmed that the hydrogen treatment rate was decreased with the consumption of granulated MOs faster than our expectation estimated with unreacted-core model*. We also estimated that CsI selected as typical FPs could not affect the hydrogen treatment rate of CuO. From these results, we have evaluated the reaction rate equation including the steam influence in CuO, which could estimate the hydrogen treatment rate of reactor unit. *Gas reacts only on the surface of solid and generates shell of products around reactants core. The core shrinks with reaction.
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Shibuya, M., Y. Suzuki, H. Shimizu, et al. "Study on Reduction of Liquid Waste From Reprocessing Plant by Electrolysis Process." In ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1298.
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Abstract The reduction of radioactive waste volume is an important issue for the management of the nuclear fuel cycle. The purpose of this study is to create a technique to drastically reduce low-level liquid waste generated by a spent fuel reprocessing plant employing PUREX technology. In the PUREX plant, NOx gas is used as an oxidizing reagent for adjustment of the Pu valence in the Pu purification stage. The spent NOx gas is recovered as nitric acid and a certain amount of recovered nitric acid becomes low-level waste (LLW). As NOx gas is produced by the chemical reaction of nitric acid and sodium nitrite, a considerable quantity of non-radioactive sodium nitrate solution is discharged. From the standpoint of the impact on the environment, this discharge must be reduced. The objective of this research is to develop an electrolysis process by which NOx gas is directly produced from recovered nitric acid. Using this technology, the low-level sodium nitrate waste can be reduced and the nonradioactive sodium nitrate waste from the present NOx production process can be entirely eliminated. The study was performed in the following two steps: Phase 1: Fundamental research; Phase 2: Engineering study. Fundamental research: A study on the conditions of nitric acid decomposition by electrolysis was performed. The composition of NO and NO2 and its quantity are determined by electrolyte concentration, cathode material and current density. Catholyte reduced electrochemically is in a state of chemical equilibrium expressed by NO, NO2 (N2O4), HNO2, HNO3 and H2O. Nitric acid concentration, temperature and partial pressure of NOx are important process parameters since NOx generation current efficiency and NOx gas composition are dependent on a chemical equilibrium. Engineering study: The pilot plant was designed and constructed. The process configuration of the pilot plant is the same as that of the anticipated actual plant and its NOx generation capacity is one eighth of the actual plant. The plant mainly consists of electrolysis unit, NOx compression and storage unit, sodium nitrite oxidation unit, nitric acid distillation unit, and NOx recovery and off-gas treatment unit. NOx gas and HNO2 are generated as a result of nitric acid reduction in the electrolysis unit. NOx gas is transported under negative pressure to the compression/storage unit by a compressor and is stored in tanks under high pressure. After adjustment of gas composition by O2 supply, NOx gas is fed to the user process in the case of an actual plant. In the pilot test plant, NOx gas is transported to the nitric acid recovery step, in which NOx gas is recovered as nitric acid and reused in the pilot plant. As a result of operation of the pilot plant, the process performance, equipment performance, and long-term operation stability were proven. It was confirmed through the pilot plant operation that this technology was immediately applicable to a PUREX reprocessing plant.
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Mzé-Ahmed, Amir, Philippe Dagaut, Guillaume Dayma, and Pascal Diévart. "Kinetics of Oxidation of a 100% Gas-to-Liquid Synthetic Jet Fuel and a Mixture GTL/1-Hexanol in a Jet-Stirred Reactor: Experimental and Modeling Study." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-25077.
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Research activities on the combustion of synthetic jet fuels and bio-derived jet fuels have increased notably over the last 10 years in order to solve the challenging reduction of dependence of air transportation on petroleum. Within the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme, the combustion of a 100% GtL from Shell and a 80/20% vol. GtL/1-hexanol blend were studied in a jet-stirred reactor (JSR). This synthetic GtL fuel mainly contains n-alkanes, iso-alkanes, and cyclo-alkanes. We studied the oxidation of these alternatives jet fuels under the same conditions (temperature, 550–1150 K; pressure, 10 bar; equivalence ratio, 0.5–2; initial fuel concentration, 1000 ppm). For simulating the oxidation kinetics of these fuels we used a new surrogate mixture consisting of n-dodecane, 3-methylheptane, n-propylcyclohexane, and 1-hexanol. A detailed chemical kinetic reaction mechanism was developed and validated by comparison with the experimental results obtained in a jet-stirred reactor. The current model was also tested for the autoignition of the GtL fuel under shock tubes conditions (φ = 1 and P = 20 atm) using data from the literature. Kinetic computations involving reaction paths analyses and sensitivity analyses were used to interpret the results. The general findings are that the GTL and GTL/hexanol blend have very similar reactivity to Jet A-1, which is important since GTL is a drop-in fuel that should have similar performance to the Jet A-1 baseline and 1-hexanol should not significantly affect the reactivity if it is to be used as an additive.