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1
Addam, Billey Bright. "Probing learners' conceptual understanding of oxidation and reduction (redox) reactions : a case study." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002950.
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The new political dispensation in South Africa has seen a lot of changes taking place. The democratic wind, which has been blowing in all spheres of the political arena, could not leave out Education. This has led to the transformation in education and the revision of the curriculum guided by the Outcomes-Based Education philosophy (OBE). Thus, require education authorities as well as educators to look at education more comprehensively. The challenge posed to educators now is to develop tools and strategies that will make learning accessible to as many learners as possible and to teach for understanding and construction of knowledge. The principal objective of this study was to investigate the important role the learner's prior knowledge plays and the use of different tools and strategies in stimulating conceptual understanding and construction of knowledge of redox reactions. This was done using learners' own investigations, practical activities, teaching settings and a workshop. The findings show that the learners lacked organized and structured prior knowledge. Learners could not integrate prior experience with new experience. The main issue seems to be the failure of learners to relate classroom experience to everyday redox phenomena. Possible reasons are discussed with some implications for teaching redox. The study further postulates that to assist learners to develop conceptual understanding of redox reactions, different tools and strategies should be employed and teaching made relevant to real-life situations. In so doing, redox concepts would not be abstract to learners.
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Davies, Arthur John. "The development and teaching of redox concepts /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09EDM/09edmd255.pdf.
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Miedzinska, K. M. E. (Katarzyna Malgorzata Ewa) Carleton University Dissertation Chemistry. "A study of the redox mechanism of exchanged zeolites." Ottawa, 1985.
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Faierson, Eric J. "Influences of Reaction Parameters on the Product of a Geothermite Reaction: A Multi-Component Oxidation-Reduction Reaction Study." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32327.
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This study investigated an oxidation-reduction reaction involving a mixture of minerals, glass, and aluminum that exhibited thermite-type reaction behavior. Thermite reactions are a class of Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis (SHS) reactions. Chemical reactions between raw minerals and a reducing agent, which exhibit thermite-type reaction behavior, are termed geothermite reactions by the author. Geothermite reactions have the potential for use in In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) applications on the Earth, the Moon, Mars, and beyond.<p>
A geothermite reaction was shown to occur between two particle size distributions of lunar regolith simulant. Regolith simulant is a naturally occurring mixture of minerals and glass mined from a volcanic ash deposit. The chemical composition of the simulant is similar to actual lunar regolith found on the Moon. The product of the reaction was a ceramic-composite material. The effect of reactant stoichiometry, regolith simulant particle size, and reaction environment on phase formation, microstructure, and compressive strength of the reaction product was investigated. Reaction environments used in this study included a standard atmosphere and a vacuum environment of 0.600 Torr. In addition, the energy required to initiate each reaction using various reaction parameters was measured.<p>
X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of reaction products synthesized in a standard atmosphere and in vacuum typically indicated the presence of the chemical species: silicon, corundum (α -Al<sub
>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>), spinel (MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>), and grossite (CaAl<sub>4</sub>O<sub>7</sub>). Many additional chemical species were present; their occurrence depended on reaction parameters used during synthesis. Diffraction peaks were observed for phases of aluminum nitride within all reaction products formed in a standard atmosphere. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed the presence of whisker networks throughout the microstructure for all reactions conducted in a standard atmosphere. Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) indicated the presence of aluminum and nitrogen within many of the whiskers. It was hypothesized that many of the whisker networks were composed of phases of aluminum nitride. No whisker networks were observed in the vacuum synthesized reaction products. Maximum mean compressive strengths were found to be ~ 18 MPa and occurred in the coarse particle size distribution of simulant using the smallest quantity of aluminum. Reactant mixtures using a coarse particle size distribution of regolith simulant were found to require substantially more energy to initiate the reaction than the simulant with the fine particle size distribution.<br>Master of Science
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Fang, Junchuan. "Electro-catalysis of Oxygen Reduction on Platinum-Bismuth Alloy Nanoparticles and a Study of Nafion Ionomer Impact." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1627663391900617.
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Wycoff, Donald E. "Catalysis of interfacial transfer of photo-generated electrons : a study of four molybdenum-sulfur complex ions mediating electron transfer across a colloidal semiconductor-liquid interface /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3164554.
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Acuña-Parés, Ferran. "Theoretical study of water oxidation and reduction mechanisms by aminopyridine first row transition metal catalysts." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/398411.
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One of the major current scientific goals is the development of renewable energy sources. An effective alternative to fossil fuels consists in the conversion of the sunlight energy into chemical fuels. The molecular hydrogen from water is considered the most promising energy carrier. In the natural photosynthesis the solar energy is stored into the carbohydrate chemical bonds derived from water and CO2. The key step of this process is the photo-oxidation of H2O molecules into O2, which provides the protons and electrons needed to produce H2. A detailed knowledge of the reaction mechanisms results essential to enhance the catalytic performance and to ensure the compatibility of the water oxidation and proton reduction catalysts. In this thesis, the key steps of the water oxidation and proton reduction reactions catalyzed by a group of metal complexes and the catalysts structural features that benefit both processes are studied using computational tools<br>Un dels grans reptes actuals consisteix en el desenvolupament de fonts d'energia renovables. Una alternativa eficaç als combustibles fòssils consisteix en la conversió de l'energia solar en combustibles químics. L’hidrogen molecular provinent de l’aigua és considerat el portador d’energia més prometador. En la fotosíntesi natural l’energia solar és emmagatzemada en els enllaços químics dels carbohidrats obtinguts a partir d’aigua i CO2. L’etapa clau del procés és la foto-oxidació de l'aigua en O2, que aporta els protons i electrons necessaris per produir H2. El coneixement detallat del mecanisme de reacció resulta essencial per millorar el rendiment catalític i assegurar la compatibilitat dels catalitzadors d’oxidació de l’aigua i reducció de protons. En aquesta tesi, les etapes fonamentals del mecanisme de les reaccions d’oxidació de l’aigua o la reducció de protons catalitzades per un grup de complexos metàl·lics i les característiques estructurals dels catalitzadors que beneficien ambdues reaccions són estudiades utilitzant eines computacionals
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Poux, Tiphaine. "Study of the oxygen reduction on perovskite-type oxides in alkaline media." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAF001/document.
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La cinétique lente de la réduction de l’oxygène (ORR) est en grande partie responsable de la perte d’énergie de nombreux systèmes de conversion tels que les piles à combustible. Parmi les possibles catalyseurs de l’ORR, les oxydes de type pérovskite sont des candidats prometteurs en milieu alcalin. La présente thèse est consacrée à l’étude de l’activité, du mécanisme et de la stabilité de pérovskites à base de Co et Mn pour l’ORR. Grâce aux techniques d’électrode tournante à disque et disque-anneau (R(R)DE), les études de l’ORR et des transformations d’HO2- sur les couches minces de pérovskite/carbone dans une solution de NaOH ont montré qu’O2 est réduit en OH- via un mécanisme « en série » avec formation d’HO2- intermédiaire. Pour des quantités d’oxyde suffisantes, HO2- est ensuite réduit, ce qui résulte en un mécanisme apparent de 4 électrons. Dans ces électrodes, le carbone joue un double rôle. Il augmente l’activité électrocatalytique en améliorant le contact électrique et il est impliqué dans le mécanisme de l’ORR en catalysant la réduction d’O2 en HO2-, surtout pour les pérovskites à base de cobalt qui sont considérablement moins actives que celles à base de Mn. Néanmoins, l’électrocatalyse de l’ORR semble dégrader les sites actifs des pérovskites<br>The sluggish kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is largely responsible for the energy losses in energy conversion systems such as fuel cells. Among possible inexpensive catalysts for the ORR, perovskite oxides are promising electrocatalysts in alkaline media. The present thesis is devoted to the investigation of the ORR activity, mechanism and stability of some Co and Mn-based perovskites. The rotating (ring) disk electrode (R(R)DE) studies of the ORR and the HO2- transformations on perovskite/carbon thin layers in NaOH electrolyte prove that O2 is reduced to OH- via a “series” pathway with the HO2- intermediate. For high oxide loadings, the formed HO2- species are further reduced to give a global 4 electron pathway. In these electrodes, carbon plays a dual role. It increases the electrocatalytic activity by improving the electrical contact and it is involved in the ORR mechanism by catalyzing the reduction of O2 into HO2-, especially for Co-based perovskites which display lower reaction rates than Mn-based perovskites
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Chauveau, Eric. "Analyse, par modélisation, de la sélectivité réactionnelle dans les procédés d'électrolyse pulsée : cas d'un dépôt métallique." Grenoble INPG, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPG0141.
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Lopez, Christian. "La technique de l'effet mirage appliquée à la caractérisation de la dynamique ionique des systèmes électroactifs." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10171.
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L'applicabilite de la technique de l'effet mirage comme outil d'analyse quantitative des echanges de matiere entre un systeme electroactif depose sur une electrode et la solution a ete demontree dans cet ouvrage. L'effet mirage est base sur la propriete d'un faisceau lumineux de devier de sa trajectoire initiale lorsqu'il traverse un milieu dont l'indice de refraction n'est pas homogene. Or, l'indice de refraction depend de la temperature de ce milieu (effet mirage thermique) et de la concentration d'une espece dissoute (effet mirage de concentration). Il est montre que la technique de l'effet mirage de concentration s'applique a l'etude de la dynamique ionique de systemes electrochimiques aussi varies que l'oxydation catalytique de l'hypophosphite sur une electrode de nickel, le comportement d'une electrode sacrificielle carbone-soufre, et le processus d'oxydoreduction des polycarbazoles. La correction du delai de propagation des especes entre l'electrode et le faisceau lumineux a ete realisee grace a l'outil mathematique de convolution temporelle. Il est ainsi possible de comparer quantitativement le courant mesure a l'electrode et le signal mirage mesure a une centaine de micrometres de cette derniere. L'utilisation de cet outil pour l'etude du processus d'oxydoreduction d'un polymere conducteur electronique modele, tel que le polypyrrole, a permis de discriminer les flux anionique et cationique. Enfin, le couplage in situ des techniques de voltamperometrie cyclique, d'effet mirage et de microbalance a quartz a ete realise pour la premiere fois. Il a permis de mesurer simultanement l'evolution des flux d'anions, de cations et de solvant au cours du processus d'oxydoreduction du polypyrrole
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Jund, Rodolphe. "Electrochimie de clusters mixtes tetrametalliques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13175.
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Ourari, Ali. "Étude de deux réactions d'électrocatalyse : hydrogénation électrocatalytique sur des films de polymères contenant des microparticules de métaux nobles et activation de l'oxygène par des complexes Mn(III) - bases de Schiff." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10171.
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Ce travail est relatif a l'etude de deux reactions d'electrocatalyse. La premiere partie concerne la mise au point de cathodes moleculaires, realisees par l'inclusion de microparticules de metaux nobles dans des films de polypyrrole fonctionnalise et a leur application en hydrogenation electrocatalytique. L'etude de l'hydrogenation de deux substrats test, le limonene et la carvone, a montre qu'il est possible d'orienter la selectivite de ces electrodes modifiees selon la nature du metal incorpore (pt, pd ou rh). Le resultat le plus significatif est que l'incorporation dans le meme film de polymere de deux metaux d'activite catalytique differente (pt + pd ou rh + pd) conduit a des cathodes dont l'efficacite et la selectivite sont largement superieures a celle des cathodes basees sur un seul metal. La deuxieme partie de ce travail est consacree a l'etude de l'activation electrochimique de l'oxygene par des complexes mn (iii) - bases de schiff. Il apparait que le complexe mn (ii) - salen substitue en 5,5 par des atomes de chlore est le catalyseur le plus stable et le plus efficace pour la reaction test d'epoxydation du cyclooctene. D'autre part, la rigidification du complexe par l'utilisation d'un pont 1,2-cyclohexylidene ou 1,2-phenylene reliant les deux motifs salicylaldehyde du ligand, a la place du groupe ethylidene ligand salen, entraine une forte diminution de l'activite catalytique des complexes correspondants. Ce systeme electrocatalytique a egalement ete applique a l'oxydation de la tetraline et de la triphenylphosphine
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Chung, Hung-Yi, and 鍾閎亦. "Kinetic Study of The Reduction-Oxidation Reaction with Persulfate Ion." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78099281465717564899.
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碩士<br>義守大學<br>生物技術與化學工程研究所<br>101<br>Peroxide is often considered as an oxidant in chemical reduction-oxidation reaction. Of all peroxides, hydrogen peroxide is the most common. Hydrogen peroxide can react with ferrous ion and produce hydroxyl radical. Persulfate has similar property to hydrogen peroxide. This study discusses reaction kinetics of four reactions: 1) persulfate with ferrous ion 2) persulfate with vanadium(IV) 3) persulfate with iodide ion 4) peroxyacetic acid with vanadium(IV). Pesudo-first- order kinetic method was applied in this study. Reaction rates of these reactions were found to be proportional to the concentrations of reactants. Rate law is described as follow :
rate = k[R][ peroxide]
R: [Fe2+]、[I-] and [VO2+]；peroxide: [S2O82-]、[peracetic acid]
The reaction of persulfate with vanadium(IV) was found to be consecutive kinetics and sulfate radical anion was proposed to be exist in the reaction.
The determination of the rate constants, activity parameters, stoichiometry of the reactions as well as identification of final products for the reactions of persulfate with ferrous and vanadium(IV) were studied in the research, respectively. These results are helpful to establish the mechanism of these reactions and discussed in detail in this thesis.
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Hsia, Jung-hua, and 夏榮慧. "The Study on Science Textbooks in Elementary School- chemical reaction, oxidation-reduction reaction, acids, alkalis and salts（1968-2011）." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67545470188218175341.
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碩士<br>朝陽科技大學<br>應用化學系碩士班<br>101<br>This study utilizes content analysis to examine how the main topics such as chemical reaction, oxidation-reduction reaction, acids, alkalis and salts were presented in the elementary school science textbooks from 1968 to 2011. Finally, suggestions based on the results of the study are provided for the compilers of the elementary school natural science and technology textbooks and future researchers. The results of the study are summarized as follows:
1. In the elementary school science textbooks from 1968 to 2011, chemical reaction showed a tendency of gradual increase while oxidation-reduction reaction, acids, alkalis and salts revealed an ascend-first-and-then-descend tendency. In contrast to the elementary science textbooks in 1968, the textbooks in post-1975 were more life-oriented and put much emphasis on students as the subject of learning.
2. Generalization and enumeration were used to process chemical reaction, oxidation-reduction reaction, acids, alkalis and salts in the elementary school science textbooks from 1968 to 2011. Experimental procedures were presented in sequentialization.
3. Hand-drawn illustrations of chemical reaction showed a tendency of gradual increase in the elementary school science textbooks from 1968 to 2011, while the tendency for real object images was the other way round. By contrast, the tendency for hand-drawn illustrations of acids, alkalis & salts was gradually decreased while the tendency for real object images was gradually increased. No obvious tendency was found regarding the illustrations of oxidation-reduction reaction. Only hand-drawn illustrations were used in the elementary science textbooks in 1968 while the textbooks in post-1975 were interspersed with real object images.
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Chi, Ziang Chaung, and 莊季臻. "Theoretical Study of the Oxidation –reduction reaction mechanisms of Cr(VI)O42-、As(III)O33- 、S(IV)O32- and P(III)O33-with Fe(VI)O42-." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/nad8cv.
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碩士<br>東海大學<br>化學系<br>103<br>In this thesis, we study the oxidation - reduction reaction mechanisms
of Cr(VI)O42-, As(III)O33-, S(IV)O32-and P(III)O33-with Fe(VI)O42-of
oxidation - reduction reaction by DFT(Density Functional Theory )
methodB3LYP/6-311++G**in Gaussian 09 for gaseous state and aqueous
state by PCM method. Our results have shown that it would be thermodynamically more favorable for the oxidation- reduction reaction in the form of electron transfer when Fe(VI)O42-react with Cr(VI)O42-, As(III)O33-, S(IV)O32-and P(III)O33-in gas state and in aqueous state.