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1
Sohi, A. M. "Metal oxide films on glass and steel substrates." Thesis, Teesside University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391529.
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Lingner, Julian [Verfasser]. "Oxide thermoelectrics via a glass-ceramic route / Julian Lingner." Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek Mainz, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1070875376/34.
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Balzer, Robert [Verfasser]. "Interaction of water with oxide glass structures / Robert Balzer." Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1198398655/34.
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Lu, Xiaonan. "Effects of Transition Metal Oxide and Mixed-Network Formers on Structure and Properties of Borosilicate Glasses." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1404587/.
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First, the effect of transition metal oxide (e.g., V2O5, Co2O3, etc.) on the physical properties (e.g., density, glass transition temperature (Tg), optical properties and mechanical properties) and chemical durability of a simplified borosilicate nuclear waste glass was investigated. Adding V2O5 in borosilicate nuclear waste glasses decreases the Tg, while increasing the fracture toughness and chemical durability, which benefit the future formulation of nuclear waste glasses. Second, structural study of ZrO2/SiO2 substitution in silicate/borosilicate glasses was systematically conducted by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and the quantitative structure-property relationships (QSPR) analysis to correlate structural features with measured properties. Third, for bioactive glass formulation, mixed-network former effect of B2O3 and SiO2 on the structure, as well as the physical properties and bioactivity were studied by both experiments and MD simulation. B2O3/SiO2 substitution of 45S5 and 55S5 bioactive glasses increases the glass network connectivity, correlating well with the reduction of bioactivity tested in vitro. Lastly, the effect of optical dopants on the optimum analytical performance on atom probe tomography (APT) analysis of borosilicate glasses was explored. It was found that optical doping could be an effective way to improve data quality for APT analysis with a green laser assisted system, while laser spot size is found to be critical for optimum performance. The combined experimental and simulation approach adopted in this dissertation led to a deeper understanding of complex borosilicate glass structures and structural origins of various properties.
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Gee, Ian Andrew. "X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies of oxide based glass systems." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365230.
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Mahapatra, Manoj Kumar. "Study of Seal Glass for Solid Oxide Fuel/Electrolyzer Cells." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77281.
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Seal glass is essential and plays a crucial role in solid oxide fuel/electrolyzer cell performance and durability. A seal glass should have a combination of thermal, chemical, mechanical, and electrical properties in order to seal different cell components and stacks and prevent gas leakage. All the desired properties can simultaneously be obtained in a seal glass by suitable compositional design. In this dissertation, SrO-La₂O₃-A₂O₃-B₂O₃3-SiO₂ based seal glasses have been developed and composition-structure-property relationships have been investigated. B₂O₃ free SrO-La₂O₃-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ based seal glass is the most suitable and its compatibility with the metallic interconnects and sealing performances have been evaluated.
A seal glass should be stable for 5,000-40,000 hrs in the oxidizing and reducing atmospheres at 600-900°C but both the thermal and chemical stability is a persistent problem. The effect of Al₂O₃ on a SrO-La₂O₃-Al₂O₃-B₂O₃-SiO₂ based seal glass has been studied to improve the thermal properties, such as glass transition temperature, softening temperature and thermal expansion coefficient, and the thermal stability. Al₂O₃ improves the thermal stability but does not significantly affect the thermal properties of the seal glass.
Comprehensive understanding of composition-structure-property relationships is needed to design a suitable seal glass. The thermal properties and stability of a borosilicate seal glass depend on the B2O3:SiO2 ratio in the composition. The role of B₂O₃:SiO₂ ratio on the glass network structure of the SrO-La₂O₃-Al₂O₃-B₂O₃-SiO₂ based seal glasses has been studied using Raman spectroscopy and nuclear magneto resonance spectroscopy. The thermal properties and thermal stability were correlated with the glass network structure and the calculated network connectivity. This study shows that the thermal properties degrade with increasing B₂O₃:SiO₂ ratio due to increase in the non-bridging oxygen and decrease in the network connectivity. High B₂O₃:SiO₂ ratio induces BO4 and SiO4 structural unit ordering, increases micro-heterogeneity, and subsequently degrades thermal stability. B₂O₃ free SrO-La₂O₃-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ seal glass shows the best combination of the thermal properties and thermal stability among the studied glasses.
Nickel or nickel oxide is added into a seal glass to modify the thermal properties depending on the specific composition. The role of nickel as a network former or modifier and its effect on the thermal properties and thermal stability of the SrO-La₂O₃-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ based seal glasses have been investigated. Nickel is a modifier in this glass system and does not improve the thermal properties but degrades thermal stability by decreasing network connectivity and inducing micro-heterogeneity.
The interconnect-seal glass interface stability is the most crucial for solid oxide fuel/electrolyzer cell. Crofer 22 APU and AISI 441 alloys are the preferred interconnects. The interfacial stability of the SrO-La₂O₃-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ based seal glass with these alloys have been studied as a function of time (0-1000 hrs), temperature (700-850°C), atmospheres (air, argon, and H₂O/H₂) using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). Complementary analytical techniques such as wave length dispersive spectroscopy (WDS) and SEM of thin samples were also carried out for selected samples. This study shows good interfacial stability of the SrO-La₂O₃-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ based seal glass with these alloys for the studied conditions.
A suitable seal glass should be hermetic and withstand 100-1000 thermal cycles for practical application. Sealing performances of the SrO-La2O3-Al2O3-SiO2 based seal glass have been evaluated by pressure-leakage method. The seal glass is hermetic for at least 2000 hrs and withstands 100 thermal cycles. Overall, present work shows that the SrO-La₂O₃-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ based glass has all the desired properties and suitable for solid oxide fuel/electrolyzer cell seal.Ph. D.
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Kirk, N. B. "Evaluation of glass polishing using sol-gel cerium oxide polishing compound." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388342.
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Story, Christopher B. "Shape Memory Alloy / Glass Composite Seal for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42709.
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Widespread use of solid oxide fuel cells is hindered by a lack of long-term durability of seals between metallic and ceramic components caused by thermal expansion mismatch induced cracking. A novel gas seal design incorporating an engineered thermal expansion gradient in a SrO-La2O3-Al2O3-B2O3-SiO2 glass matrix with a TiNiHf shape memory alloy mesh for active stress relief and crack healing is being developed. Coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) measurements of the seal and fuel cell components shows the possibility for a thermal expansion gradient. Differential scanning calorimetry and microscopy have shown that the TiNiHf alloy has a shape memory transition in the desired range of 200-250ºC. The oxide glass partially crystallizes during thermal cycling which has been observed through X-ray diffraction and dilatometry. The CTE decreases from 9.3à 10-6/°C to 6.6à 10-6/°C after thermal cycling. Neutron diffraction data from TiNiHf /glass composite samples reveals that the TiNiHf alloy has the ability of absorbing residual stresses from a glass matrix during martensitic phase transition. There is evidence from microscopy that the glass composition is important in determining if reaction will occur with the TiNiHf alloy. The TiNiHf alloy mesh structures can be created using the 3D printing process. This process has been adapted to allow for printing of very thin wire mesh structures of Ni and NiTi powders with a more suitable binder solution. A bi-layer test fixture has been developed which will be useful for assessing leak rate through seal materials.Master of Science
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Dev, Bodhayan. "Characterization of Ceramic/Glass Composite Seals for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1400847202.
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Singh, Sandeep. "Thermo-mechanical Behavior of Glass Based Seals for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1288379341.
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Sears, Adam J. "The characterisation of stannosilicate glasses." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364575.
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Huang, Amy. "On the plasma induced degradation of organosilicate glass (OSG) as an interlevel dielectric for sub 90 nm CMOS /." Online version of thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/5899.
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Silva, Deborah Desimone. "Fabrication and characterisation of oxide fibre-reinforced glass matrix composites for optomechanical applications." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/6414.
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Stiff and strong ceramic fibres have been incorporated into brittle glass matrices in order to increase their mechanical strength and fracture toughness. In the present work, a novel processing technique has been investigated, in which the reinforcing fibres are “sandwiched” unidirectionally between glass slides and heat-treated for consolidation into composites by viscous flow of the glass matrix, filling the gaps between the reinforcing fibres. Highly dense and transparent composites were produced combining alumina (Nextel ™) or sapphire fibres with soda-lime silicate or borosilicate glasses. Their microstructural, optical and mechanical properties were investigated and compared to those of the unreinforced glass matrix processed under the same conditions. Moreover, a sol-gel technique was developed for coating the fibres with a ZrO2 interfacial layer. As-received and ZrO2 coated Nextel ™ and sapphire fibre-reinforced composites were produced, with fibre contents of up to 1 vol. % and total light transmittance in the range of 70 to 93 % of the matrix transmittance. Sapphire fibre-reinforced borosilicate glass composites exhibited the highest measured flexural strength (73 MPa), followed by ZrO2 coated Nextel ™ fibre-reinforced soda-lime silicate composites (0.6 vol. %), which exhibited mean flexural strength of 64 MPa. The introduction of a ZrO2 interfacial layer effectively increased the flexural strength of the composites compared to the unreinforced matrix and the as-received fibre-reinforced composites. In addition, there was evidence of fibre pullout and crack deflection upon failure during flexural and fracture toughness tests, as well as a fail-safe behaviour upon flexure, which enabled the composites to retain their integrity. A robust processing methodology was thus demonstrated of producing high quality oxide fibre-reinforced glass matrix composites, with high optical transparency and favourable fracture properties. The composites produced are promising materials for a wide range of applications, notably in the construction industry, special machinery and architecture.
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Sasi, Abdalla Suliman. "Energy efficiency of solar heat concentrators using glass coated Al doped ZnO transparent conducting oxide as selective absorber." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2699.
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Thesis (Master of Engineering in Mechanical Engineering)--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.Transparent conductive oxides (TCOs), which are widely used in transparent electronics, possess a spectral selectivity that is suitable for a solar material absorber. TCO materials have a plasma wavelength in the infrared region. Consequently electromagnetic waves shorter than a plasma wavelength are transmitted through the material, while longer electromagnetic waves are reflected on the surface. In contrast to the opaque solar selective absorbers, the plasma wavelength in TCO materials can be easily tuned by controlling the heavy doping process to match the peak shift of thermal radiation at higher temperatures. Furthermore, the use of TCO in conjunction with a solar absorber relaxes the spectral selectivity of the latter and thus widens the selection of the solar absorber; subsequently the only requirement is a thermally stable black body. Aluminum doped Zinc Oxide (AZO) is a class of TCO materials which is cost effective to manufacture due to abundance ZnO, and Aluminum raw materials. This thesis is based on the synthesis of Al doped ZnO thin films nanostructure using radio frequency RF magnetron sputtering process. The influence of the deposition parameters, including argon working pressure and substrate temperature, on the structural and optical properties of the AZO thin films is investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and optical spectroscopy (UV-VIS-NIR). The optical constants of AZO films are extracted from transmittance and reflectance spectra using a combination of Drude and Lorentz dielectric function model. A computer simulation is developed to calculate the radiative properties of Al doped ZnO thin films nanostructure. The thermal emittance and solar absorptance is predicted indirectly from optical reflectance and transmittance of AZO films by invoking Kirchhoff’s law. A Special attention has been paid to the parameters that influence the spectral properties of the AZO films including carrier’s mobility, Al doping concentration and film thickness. Carrier’s mobility turned out to have the most significant influence on the spectrally selective performance of AZO films.
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Zhao, Yilin [Verfasser]. "Thermo-mechanical properties of glass-ceramic solid oxide fuel cell sealant materials / Yilin Zhao." Aachen : Hochschulbibliothek der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1046975137/34.
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Eastgate, Patricia. "The surface and gas phase studies of the CVD of tin oxide on glass." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.681337.
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Maia, Filipa Isabel de Barros. "Study of the effect of titanium oxide glass powder in vitro and in vivo." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/8765.
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Mestrado em Biologia Aplicada - Toxicologia e EcotoxicologiaNo presente trabalho propõe-se estudar o efeito dos produtos de dissolução de pós de vidro com dióxido de titânio (14.48 mol% TiO2), óxido fosfórico (42.76 mol% P2O5) e óxido de cálcio (42.76 mol% CaO) (extracto). O sistema vítreo testado (14TiO2•43P2O5•43CaO, o qual foi formulado por Silva et al., 2008) é um cerâmico à base de cálcio e fosfato (CPC) e o principal desafio consiste na sua aplicação em reconstrução óssea. CPCs são vantajosos devido à ausência de toxicidade e resposta inflamatória e à capacidade em ligar ao tecido do hospedeiro. A incorporação de TiO2 no vidro aumenta a durabilidade e a estabilidade química do sistema, a qual permanece pouco clara. Outras características importantes são a boa bioactividade in vitro quando imerso em soluções plasmáticas e a nucleação da apatite na superfície do material (Silva et al., 2008). As exposições realizaram-se numa linha de células semelhantes a osteoblastos e resistente (células MG-63) e em embriões de peixe Zebra (Danio rerio) como organismos alvo. Esta abordagem é uma perspectiva inovadora de testes de citotoxicidade usando modelos in vitro e in vivo. Caracterizou-se o extracto (concentração iónica e pH) após a dissolução do pó em PBS (Phosphate Buffered Saline) e em água do peixe Zebra. As diluições de extracto estudadas foram entre 0.1% e 50%. Os testes in vitro consistiram em ensaios de viabilidade e proliferação celular (MTT), morfologia das células e colónias (CLSM) e RT-PCR com primers específicos implicados na remodelação do osso. Os dados de MTT foram analisados através de comparações hierárquicas usando nested ANOVA. Em relação às experiências in vivo foram seleccionados embriões viáveis e foram realizados ensaios de toxicidade durante o desenvolvimento embrionário. Após a exposição, a concentração dos iões foi medida via ICP. Congelaram-se as larvas para testar os biomarcadores (AChE, LDH e GST), para averiguar possíveis efeitos em actividades enzimáticas. Usou-se One-way ANOVA para tratar os dados. O extracto causou um efeito inibitório dependente da concentração na viabilidade/proliferação das células MG-63 expostas a 20%-50% de extracto e é evidente entre os dias 3 e 7. Contudo, as células testadas foram capazes de recuperar. Foi detectado um aumento significativo na taxa de crescimento celular entre os dias 7 e 10. A morfologia celular e a organização do citoesqueleto de F-actina (CLSM) não foram afectadas, apesar de ter ocorrido uma redução no número de células imersas em 50% de extracto. O tempo dos eventos celulares pode ser apropriado para ocorrer a reconstrução do osso. A expressão dos genes ALP e BMP-2 foi estimulada (envolvidos na formação do osso) e M-CSF e RANKL foi down-regulated (relacionados com a digestão do osso). Os estudos in vivo (Teste 2) mostraram que a exposição a 10% e 20% de extracto promoveram stress químico nos organismos peixe Zebra seleccionados, e não usaram a via GST para possível eliminação de tóxicos. Os resultados do teste 1 revelaram efeitos possíveis do extracto como a disfunção no sistema nervoso em todos os tratamentos (AChE), a ocorrência de condição de stress químico para ~2.5% de extracto (LDH) e efeito negativo na actividade da GST para ~10% e 20% de extracto (os organismos seleccionaram outras vias de desintoxicação quando expostos a concentrações maiores de extracto ou este enzima foi desactivado, danificado ou inibido). A interacção entre os iões analisados e os embriões/larvas de peixe Zebra e o seu efeito subsequente podem estar relacionados com a forma química dos produtos libertados do biomaterial teste. Por exemplo, a quantidade de iões Ti, Ca e P foi superior após 168 horas que 336 horas de incubação, sugerindo a precipitação de partículas ou presença noutra forma não detectada pelo ICP. Os modos de acção envolvidos são pouco claros e mais informação é necessária para contar a história deste bioprocesso – reconstrução do osso. O vidro testado parece ser promissor em regeneração óssea.
In the present work it is proposed to study the effect of the dissolution products of powders glass with titanium dioxide (14.48 mol% TiO2), phosphorus oxide (42.76 mol% P2O5) and calcium oxide (42.76 mol% CaO) (extract). The glass system tested (14TiO2•43P2O5•43CaO, which was formulated by Silva et al., 2008) is one Calcium Phosphate Based Ceramic (CPC) and the principal challenge is its application in bone reconstruction. CPCs are advantageous because the absence of toxicity and inflammatory response and the ability to bond to host tissue. The incorporation of TiO2 in glass increases the durability and chemical stability of system, which is unclear. Others important characteristics are its good bioactivity in vitro when immersed into plasmatic solutions and nucleation of apatite on the material surface (Silva et al., 2008). The expositions were realized using an osteoblasts-like resistant cell line (MG-63 cells) and zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos as target organisms. This approach is an innovative perspective of cytotoxicity tests using in vitro and in vivo models. The extract was characterized (ionic concentration and pH) after dissolution of the powder in PBS (Phosphate buffered Saline) and in Zebrafish water. Dilutions of extract studied were between 0.1% and 50%. In vitro tests consisted of viability and cell proliferation assays (MTT), cells and colonies morphology (CLSM) and RT-PCR with specific primers involved in bone remodeling. MTT data was analyzed with hierarchical comparisons using nested ANOVA. For the in vivo experiments viable embryos were selected and toxicity assays were performed during embryonic development. After exposure, ions concentration was measured by ICP. Larvae were frozen to test biomarkers (AChE, LDH and GST) to investigate possible effects on enzymatic activities. One way-ANOVA was done to treat data. The extract caused a slight dose-dependent inhibitory effect in viability/proliferation of MG-63 cells exposed to 20%-50% of extract and it is evident between 3 and 7 days. However, cells tested were able to recover. It was detected a significant increase in CGR between 7 and 10 days. Cell morphology and the organization of F-actin cytosqueleton (CSLM) weren’t affected, besides there was occurred a reduction in cell number of cells immersed in 50% of extract. The time of cells events can be appropriate for bone reconstruction occur. ALP and BMP-2 genes expression were stimulated (involved in bone formation) and M-CSF and RANKL were down-regulated (related to bone resorption). The in vivo studies (Test 2) showed that the exposition to 10% and 20% of extract promoted chemical stress in Zebrafish organisms selected, and they didn’t use GST pathway for possible toxics elimination. Results of test 1 revealed possible effects of extract like disruption of the nervous system in all treatments (AChE), occurrence of chemical stress condition for ~2.5% of extract (LDH) and negative effect on GST activity for ~10% and 20% of extract (organism selected other pathway of detoxification when exposed to higher concentrations of extract or this enzyme was deactivated, damaged or inhibited). The interaction between ions analyzed and Zebrafish embryos/larvae and its subsequently effect can be related to chemical form of products released from biomaterial tested. For example, the amount of Ti, Ca and P ions was higher at 168 hours of incubation than 336 hours, suggesting precipitation of particles or presence in other form not detected by ICP. The ways of action involved are unclear and more data is required to tell the history of this bioprocess – reconstruction of bone. The glass tested seems to be promissory in bone regeneration..
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Milhans, Jacqueline Linda. "Microstructure-based solid oxide fuel cell seal design using statistical mechanics." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/37188.
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Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) in a flat-plate configuration require a hermetic seal between the fuel and air sides of the electrodes, and this seal must withstand a variety of thermally-induced stresses over the lifetime of the cell. In this study, quantitative microstructure-property relationships are developed to predict optimum seal structures for mechanical properties and thermal expansion coefficient criteria. These relationships are used to create an inverse approach to characterizing the processing method from the desired microstructure. The main focus of the work concentrates on providing tools to enable macroscopic property predictions from the constituent properties using homogenization techniques based on the individual phase properties and microstructure morphology. The microstructure is represented by two-point correlation functions. Statistical continuum mechanics models were then employed and developed to predict the mechanical and thermal properties of the material. The models enable the prediction of elastic modulus and coefficient of thermal expansion of the multi-phase material. The inelastic mechanical behavior was also studied, indicating microstructure dependence. These models will aid in predicting the a proper seal microstructure (with desired elastic stiffness, coefficient of thermal expansion, and viscoelastic behaviors) based on a desired level of crystallization glass-ceramic materials.
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Damart, Tanguy. "Energy dissipation in oxide glasses." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1189/document.
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L'atténuation d'ondes à basse et haute fréquences dans les verres n'est pas encore bien comprise en grande partie car les phénomènes à l'origine de cette dissipation varient grandement en fonction de la fréquence. L’existence de structures complexes et organisation multi échelle dans les verres favorise l'apparition de temps de relaxation allant de la seconde à la femtoseconde et de corrélation prenant place de l’Angström à la centaine de nanomètre. A basse fréquence, une meilleur compréhension de ces phénomènes de dissipation serait bénéfique à de nombreux domaines. Par exemple, les multi-couches recouvrants les miroirs des interféromètres servant à détecter les ondes gravitationnelles sont réalisées à partir de verres d'oxyde (SiO2 et Ta2O5) qui sont une source majeur de dissipation. A haute fréquence, l'étude de la dissipation pose des questions théoriques sur le lien entre asymétrie locale et atténuation acoustique.Durant cette étude, nous avons réalisé une analyse approfondie de l'interaction entre ondes mécaniques et structure des verres en utilisant des techniques de simulations telle que la dynamique moléculaire. En partant de la synthèse de verres de SiO2 et Ta2O5, nous nous sommes appliqués à trouver l'origine structurelle de la dissipation aux différentes échelles de fréquence. A basse fréquence nous avons été capable de catégoriser les déplacements atomiques à l'origine de la dissipation en utilisant la théorie des états à deux niveaux. A haute fréquence, nous avons utilisé une technique de spectroscopie mécanique appuyé par un développement analytique pour montrer l'importance du désordre local dans l’existence de dissipationThe origin of sound attenuation at low and high frequency in glasses stays elusive mainly because of the complex temperature and frequency dependence of the phenomena at its root. Indeed, the presence of complex structures and multi-scale organizations in glasses induce the existence of relaxation time ranging from the second to the femto-second and of spatial correlation ranging from the Angström to a hundred nanometers. At low-frequency, a better understanding of the phenomena at the origin of dissipation would be beneficial to several applications. For example, the multi-layers coating the mirrors of gravitational waves detectors consists of a superposition of two oxide glasses: silicate (SiO2) and tantalum pentoxide (Ta2O5), are an important source of dissipation. At high frequency, the study of dissipation raises theoretical questions about the link between attenuation and dissipation as well as between loclt asymmetry and dissipation. In the present study, we conducted an analysis of the interaction between mechanical waves and the structure of two oxide glasses using simulation techniques such as non-equilibrium molecular dynamics. At high-frequencies, we implemented and used mechanical spectroscopy to measure dissipation numerically and performed in parallel an analytical development based on the projection of the atomic motion on the vibrational eigenmodes. At low-frequencies, we used molecular dynamics to gather sets of thermally activated events that we classed in three categories based on topologically distinct atomic motions and from which we predicted dissipation numerically using a refreshed TLS model
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Paulsen, Ove. "Rigid bonded glass ceramic seals for high temperature membrane reactors and solid oxide fuel cells." Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for materialteknologi, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-5939.
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Manley, Robert G. "Development and modeling of a low temperature thin-film CMOS on glass /." Online version of thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11202.
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Parihar, Shailendra S. "High Temperature Seals for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1172490697.
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Deng, Lu. "Molecular Dynamics Simulations of the Structure and Properties of Boron Containing Oxide Glasses: Empirical Potential Development and Applications." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1062909/.
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Potential parameters that can handle multi-component oxide glass systems especially boron oxide are very limited in literature. One of the main goals of my dissertation is to develop empirical potentials to simulate multi-component oxide glass systems with boron oxide. Two approaches, both by introducing the composition dependent parameter feature, were taken and both led to successful potentials for boron containing glass systems after extensive testing and fitting. Both potential sets can produce reasonable glass structures of the multi-component oxide glass systems, with structure and properties in good agreement with experimental data. Furthermore, we have tested the simulation settings such as system size and cooling rate effects on the results of structures and properties of MD simulated borosilicate glasses. It was found that increase four-coordinated boron with decreasing cooling rate and system size above 1000 atoms is necessary to produce converged structure. Another application of the potentials is to simulate a six-component nuclear waste glass, international simple glass (ISG), which was for first time simulated using the newly developed parameters. Structural features obtained from simulations agree well with the experimental results. In addition, two series of sodium borosilicate and boroaluminosilicate glasses were simulated with the two sets of potentials to compare and evaluate their applicability and deficiency. Various analyses on the structures and properties such as pair distribution function, total correlation function, coordination number analysis, Qn distribution function, ring size distribution function, vibrational density of states and mechanical properties were performed. This work highlights the challenge of MD simulations of boron containing glasses and the capability of the new potential parameters that enable simulations of wide range of mixed former glasses to investigate new structure features and design of new glass compositions for various applications.
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Kingdom, Rachel Michele. "Conducting Polymer Matrix Poly(2,2’-Bithiophene) Mercuric Metal Ion Incorporation." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1259889438.
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Calata, Jesus Noel. "Densification Behavior of Ceramic and Crystallizable Glass Materials Constrained on a Rigid Substrate." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27645.
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Constrained sintering is an important process for many applications. The sintering process almost always involves some form of constraint, both internal and external, such as rigid particles, reinforcing fibers and substrates to which the porous body adheres. The densification behavior of zinc oxide and cordierite-base crystallizable glass constrained on a rigid substrate was studied to add to the understanding of the behavior of various materials undergoing sintering when subjected to external substrate constraint.
Porous ZnO films were isothermally sintered at temperatures between 900°C and 1050°C. The results showed that the densification of films constrained on substrates is severely reduced. This was evident in the sintered microstructures where the particles are joined together by narrower necks forming a more open structure, instead of the equiaxed grains with wide grain boundaries observed in the freestanding films. The calculated activation energies of densification were also different. For the density range of 60 to 64%, the constrained film had an activation energy of 391 ± 34 kJ/mole compared to 242 ± 21 kJ/mole for the freestanding film, indicating a change in the densification mechanism. In-plane stresses were observed during the sintering of the constrained films. Yielding of the films, in which the stresses dropped slight or remained unchanged, occurred at relative densities below 60% before the stresses climbed linearly with increasing density followed by a gradual relaxation. A substantial amount of the stresses remained after cooling.
Free and constrained films of the cordierite-base crystallizable glass (glass-ceramic) were sintered between 900°C and 1000°C. The substrate constraint did not have a significant effect on the densification rate but the constrained films eventually underwent expansion. Calculations of the densification activation energy showed that, on average, it was close to 1077 kJ/mole, the activation energy of the glass, indicating that the prevailing mechanism was still viscous flow. The films expanded earlier and faster with increasing sintering temperature. The expansion was traced to the formation of pores at the interface with the silicon substrate and to a lesser extent on aluminum nitride. It was significantly reduced when the silicon substrate was pre-oxidized at 900°C, leading to the conclusion that the pore formation at the interface was due to poor wetting, which in turn was caused by the loss of the thin oxide layer through a reaction with the glass.Ph. D.
26
Strand, Emil. "In-situ Reduction by Incorporating H2 Filled Hollow Glass Microspheres in PM HIP Capsules." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-233503.
Full textAbstract:
For many metal components the presence of hard, non-metallic inclusions such as oxides lowers the impact toughness by acting as fracture initiation points and easing crack propagation. In components produced by powder metallurgy hot isostatic pressing (PM HIP), oxides often form a continuous network of small, spherical inclusions after consolidation at the prior particle boundaries (PPB). It is therefore of great importance to reduce surface oxides before consolidation in order to improve mechanical properties. In this work, oxides were attempted to be reduced directly prior to the consolidation of one tool steel and one low-alloy steel by introducing H2 into sealed PM HIP capsules. The two H2-carriers were hollow glass microspheres and the compound ammonia borane (H3NBH3). The H2-carriers were placed separately from the metal powder. Microspheres were filled at 300 °C with a gas mixture at 675 bar resulting in a storage capacity of 0.16 wt%. Gaseous species released from the H2-carriers during heating were analysed by mass spectrometry. Results showed that the microspheres only release H2 while ammonia borane in addition releases other nitrogen and boron containing species. Impact testing as well as chemical and microstructural analysis were performed on the two consolidated materials with samples retrieved from different vertical and radial positions. Both H2-carriers had leaked into the material resulting in decreased impact toughness compared to the reference. Further from the source of the contaminants, oxygen content was reduced and impact toughness was improved. Microspheres showed overall better reduction ability even though they release less hydrogen compared to ammonia borane. Impact toughness was not improved as much with ammonia borane even though similar oxygen levels were achieved. Ammonia borane’s decomposition products likely obstruct the oxide reduction or introduce new inclusions lowering the impact toughness.Det är för många metallkomponenter viktigt att så mycket som möjligt undvika hårda, icke metalliska inneslutningar. Detta eftersom de sänker slagsegheten genom sprickinitiering men även genom att underlätta spricktillväxt. Ytoxider i komponenter tillverkade genom pulvermetallurgisk het-isostatisk pressning (PM HIP) bildar ofta ett kontinuerligt nätverk av små, sfäriska inneslutningar efter konsolidering vid de tidigare partikelgränserna. Det är därför viktigt att reducera ytoxider före konsolidering för att förbättra de mekaniska egenskaperna av komponenter tillverkade genom PM HIP. I detta examensarbete har ytoxider reduceras direkt före konsolidering av ett låglegerat stål och ett verktygsstål genom att tillsätta H2 i de förseglade PM HIP kapslarna. Två vätgasbärare testades, ihåliga mikrosfärer av glas och ammoniak boran (H3NBH3). Vätgasbärarna var placerade i ett område avskilt från metallpulvret. Mikrosfärerna fylldes med en gasblandning vid 675 bar och 300 °C vilket resulterade i en lagringskapacitet på 0.16 vikt%. Gaser som frigjordes från vätgasbärarna vid uppvärmning analyserades med en masspektrometer. Resultatet visade att mikrosfärerna bara frigör H2 medan ammoniak boran också frigör andra ämnen innehållande kväve och bor. Slagprovning och analys av mikrostruktur samt syre- och kvävehalter utfördes på de två konsoliderade materialen med prover från olika vertikala och radiella positioner. Båda vätgasbärarna hade läckt in i materialet vilket resulterade i minskad slagseghet jämfört med referensmaterialet. Längre från vätgasbärarnas ursprungsposition var slagsegheten bättre och syrehalten lägre. De vätgasfyllda mikrosfärerna uppvisade överlag bättre förmåga att minska syrehalten trots att de innehöll mindre H2 jämfört med ammoniak boran. Slagsegheten förbättrades inte lika mycket med ammoniak boran trots att liknade syrenivåer uppmättes. Ammoniak boranets pyrolysprodukter förhindrar möjligtvis oxidreduktionen eller introducerar nya inneslutningar som resulterar i en försämrad slagseghet.
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ROGERIO, ADEMILSON. "Caracterizacao de vidros niobofosfatos para aplicacao em selagem em celula a combustivel de oxido solido." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2010. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9507.
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Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:27:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:06:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
28
Akgun, Mehmet Can. "A Parametric Study On Hydrothermal Synthesis Of Zinc Oxide Nanowires With Various Zinc Salts." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614230/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
ZnO is a promising semiconducting material for manufacturing optoelectronic
devices. Its most important properties are its wide and direct band gap and its high
electron-hole binding energy. Synthesis of ZnO in bulk and thin film form has been
investigated intensively over recent decades. Likewise, nanomaterials have been in
the point of focus for their different properties compared to their bulk form. The
vastly increased ratio of surface area to volume and change in electronic properties
with great reduction in particle size enable improved performance in conventional
applications where their bulk counterparts have been used for decades. As a result of
this trend, research on synthesis of ZnO nanowires and their incorporation in
prototype optoelectronic devices has been intensive in recent years. Therefore,
synthesis of ZnO nanowires in a cost effective way and understanding the factors
influencing the ZnO nanowire growth is essential for contribution to ongoing
research.
V
In this thesis, hydrothermal synthesis of ZnO nanowires, which is a solution based
method enabling vertically aligned ZnO nanowire array fabrication over large areas,
is investigated. In the first part of this thesis, the effect of using various zinc salts as
zinc sources on ZnO nanowires is investigated by monitoring pH, temperature and
light transmittance of growth solutions. In the second part, a detailed parametric
study on the use of zinc acetate dihydrate salt is provided with regard to the existence
of its unique properties compared to other two zinc salts. The effect of growth time,
temperature, ratio of concentration of precursor chemicals and precursor chemical
concentrations is investigated. The results show that hydrothermal synthesis method
could replace the conventional ZnO nanowire fabrication methods. It was shown that
specific nanowire lengths for any application can be obtained simply by adjusting the
parameters of hydrothermal growth system.
29
Aguilar, Diaz Yaneth. "Evaluation of silica-based/nickel and borate-based/silver glass composites for sealing solid oxide fuel cells." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=106426.
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The increasing demand for energy and the necessity to overcome the depletion of fossil fuel supplies requires that alternative energy sources be developed. Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) are one of the alternative technologies to minimise our dependence on fossil fuel due to their numerous advantages including high efficiency, long-term stability, fuel flexibility and low emissions. However, the development of reliable sealing techniques remains a crucial challenge to overcome to allow usable efficiency and facilitate commercialization. Sealing technology has been object of research for several years. Nevertheless, the optimal solution is yet to be found. The use of a glass composite approach is attractive as it allows the possibility of engineering the properties of the seal, by independently adjusting the particle size distribution and volume fraction of the additives. In the present work, the interaction between various SiO2 based glasses with nickel and B2O3 based glasses with silver were studied. Results as a function of additive particle size distribution (7-100 microns) and volume fraction (0-18%) will be presented. Micrographs, X-ray patterns and CTE measurements showed that the proposed systems have adequate characteristics for usage as seal for fuel cells due to the inertness of the additive particles with the respective glass matrix and predictable long-term chemical and thermal stability. The use of DTMA as a technique to calculate the onset of residual stresses, explores the influence of the additive and its interfacial interactions on the dissipation of energy during deformation. The multi-frequency test lead to an activation energy for stress relaxation between 400 and 600 kJ/mol depending on the different additive content. Furthermore, the temperature difference between de Tg and the onset of residual stresses was calculated showing that increments on the additive content results on a larger temperature range that allows stress relaxation. The mechanical response under compression test was also investigated to identify the potential deformation of a stack during service. The results showed that the glass composites can experience large deformations during the entire service cycle and not only during the isothermal service hold. Moreover, the microstructure in terms of crystalline phase evolves with the test temperature and the applied force, showing an increase of the crystals volume fraction when either the temperature of the applied load increase. The microstructures showed that the additive is getting aligned during deformation, providing an increased resistance to compression against flow of the viscous glass composite. Finally the measurement of the residual stresses as function of cooling rate and additive content revealed that the residual stresses development is minimised for a combination of service conditions including cooling rate under 20 °C/min and glass composite containing a minimum of 12 %vol. Such operating conditions should contribute to maximise the service life of a SOFC stack.La demande croissante en énergie et la nécessité de surmonter les défis d'épuisement des réserves de combustibles fossiles exigent que des sources d'énergies alternatives soient développées. Les piles à combustible à électrolyte solide sont l'une des technologies alternatives pour réduire notre dépendance aux combustibles fossiles en raison de leurs nombreux avantages, y compris leur haute efficacité, stabilité à long terme, flexibilité dans le choix du carburant et leurs faibles émissions. Cependant, le développement de techniques fiables pour joindre les composantes demeure un défi important à relever pour obtenir une efficacité utilisable et pour faciliter la commercialisation. Les technologies de jointage ont été l'objet de recherches depuis plusieurs années. Néanmoins, la solution optimale demeure encore à être trouvée. L'approche du composite de verre est intéressante car elle permet la possibilité d'optimiser les propriétés du joint en ajustant de façon indépendante la distribution de la taille des particules et la fraction volumique des additifs. Dans le présent travail, l'interaction entre des différents verres composites SiO2 avec nickel, et des verres composite B2O3 avec de l'argent ont été étudiés. Les résultats, en fonction de la distribution de la taille des particules (7-100 microns) et la fraction volumique des additifs (0-18%) seront présentés. Les micrographies, la diffraction des rayons X et les calculs du coefficient d'expansion thermique ont démontré que les systèmes proposés ont les caractéristiques adéquates pour leur utilisation en tant que joint pour les piles à combustible, en raison de l'inertie des particules d'additif avec la matrice de verre, et en raison de la prévisibilité à long terme de la stabilité chimique et thermique. L'utilisation de l'analyse thermomécanique dynamique comme technique pour calculer l'apparition de contraintes résiduelles, explore l'influence de l'additif et ses interactions relatives à l'égard de la dissipation de l'énergie pendant la déformation. Les tests à multifréquences a mené à une énergie d'activation variant entre 400 et 600 kJ/mole pour la relaxation des contraintes, er ce en fonction des différentes quantités d'additifs. De plus, la différence de température entre Tg et l'apparition de contraintes résiduelles a été calculée, et démontre que des incréments de quantités d'additif résultent en un augmentation de l'interval de températures pouvant permettre la relaxation des contraintes. Les résultats du point de vue mécanique, pour des tests de compression ont également été étudiés afin d'identifier les déformations potentielles des assemblages durant l'opération. Les résultats ont montré que les composites de verre peuvent subir de grandes déformations au cours du cycle entier d'opération et non pas seulement pendant la période isotherme. De plus, la microstructure, en termes de phases cristallines, évolue avec la température d'essai et la force appliquée, montrant une augmentation de la fraction volumique des cristaux avec l'augmentation de la température et de la charge appliquée. Les microstructures ont démontré que les particules s'alignent pendant la déformation, offrant une résistance accrue contre la compression, résultant de l'écoulement du composite de verre visqueux. Enfin, le calcul des contraintes résiduelles en fonction de la vitesse de refroidissement et de la fraction volumique d'additifs a révélé que le développement des contraintes résiduel est minimisé dans quelques combinaisons de conditions d'opération, incluant un taux de refroidissement en dessous de 20 °C/min et une fraction volumique minimum de 12% en additif. Ces conditions d'opérations devraient contribuer à maximiser la durée de vie des assemblages de piles à combustible à électrolyte solide.
30
Pruyn, Timothy L. "Investigation of percolation in borosilicate glass matrix composites containing conducting segregated networks." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53452.
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Glass matrix composites containing a conducting filler such as antimony tin oxide (ATO) or silicon carbide whiskers (SiCw) have the potential for applications such as transparent electrodes, heating elements, and electromagnetic shielding. For these applications, the composite performance is highly dependent on the microstructure of the composite and the interactions the added filler has with one another. In this research, borosilicate glass-matrix composites were fabricated using a processing method that creates segregated percolated networks at low concentrations of conducting fillers. The conducting fillers were hot pressed with the glass microspheres at temperatures near the glass transition temperature (550°C) using various pressures. Upon hot-pressing at these low temperatures, the glass microspheres deformed into faceted polyhedra and the fillers were displaced to the edges of the glass particles, resulting in percolation. The processing method used in this study was able to bypass many of the current composition and densification issues associated with the creation of percolated networks in glass composites. In some cases, the formation of these percolated networks resulted in a 12-13 orders of magnitude decrease in the resistivity. Using a non-destructive electrical measurement technique, ac impedance spectroscopy (IS), the changes in the electrical properties were tracked as the conducting networks developed. Using IS in conjunction with other techniques, correlations were made between the electrical properties, the filler interfaces, and the influence the processing parameters had on the development of the percolation networks within these composites.
31
SILVA, MAVIAEL J. da. "Desenvolvimento de selantes vitrocerâmicos para uso em SOFC pertencentes ao sistema BAS (BaO-Alsub(2)0sub(3)-SiOsub(2)) modificados com Bsub(2)Osub(3)." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2014. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/23655.
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Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2015-04-10T16:38:07Z
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Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
32
Boucetta, Hassiba. "Mécanismes de cristallisation du dioxyde de ruthénium lors de la vitrification des déchets de haute activité." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20031.
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Le ruthénium, issu du retraitement des combustibles usés de type Uranium-Oxyde a une très faible solubilité dans les verres de conditionnement de déchets radioactifs. Il précipite dans ces verres à l'état liquide sous forme de particules de RuO2 polyédrique ou aciculaire. Parce que leurs morphologies et leurs dispersions peuvent influencer les propriétés physico-chimiques des verres, la connaissance et le contrôle de leur mécanisme de formation sont d'extrême importance. Tout l'enjeu de cette thèse est de déterminer les différents chemins réactionnels de transformation du ruthénium, présent au sein du déchet calciné, lors de l'élaboration des verres. Par une approche de simplification progressive nous étudions les interactions entre la fritte de verre et des composés simples (NaNO3-RuO2) et plus complexes (calcinat NaNO3-RuO2- Al2O3). Grâce à l'apport de la microscopie et du XANES in situ en température nous suivons l'évolution de la composition, la spéciation et la morphologie des phases intermédiaires contenant du ruthénium. Ces composés sont caractérisés à l'état solide par MEB, DRX, HRTEM et spectroscopie d'absorption X au seuil K du ruthénium. Cette approche combinée nous permet de montrer que la modification de la spéciation du ruthénium au cours de l'élaboration du verre est à l'origine du contrôle de la morphologie des particules de RuO2 dans le verre. En particulier, la formation d'un intermédiaire réactionnel (Na3RuO4) est une des étapes fondamentales à l'origine de la précipitation de RuO2 de morphologie aciculaire. La formation de polyèdres dans le verre résulte au contraire de l'interaction directe de particules de RuO2 avec le verre à l'état liquideRuthenium, arising from the reprocessing of spent uranium oxide fuel, has a low solubility in glass melt. It crystallizes in the form of particles of RuO2 of acicular or polyhedral morphology dispersed in fission product and actinides waste containment glass. Since the morphology of these particles strongly influences the physico-chemical properties, the knowledge and the control of their mechanism of formation are of major importance. The goal of this work is to determine the chemical reactions responsible for the formation of RuO2 particles of acicular or polyhedral shape during glass synthesis. Using a simplification approach, the reactions between RuO2-NaNO3, and more complex calcine RuO2-Al2O3-Na2O and a sodium borosilicate glass are studied. In situ scanning electron microscopy and XANES at increasing temperatures are used to follow changes in composition, speciation and morphology of the ruthenium intermediate species. Those compounds are thoroughly characterised by SEM, XRD, HRTEM, and ruthenium K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy. This combined approach allows us to show that the ruthenium speciation modification during vitrification is the key of control of the morphology of RuO2 particles in the glass. In particular, the formation of a specific intermediate compound (Na3RuO4) is one of the main steps that lead to the precipitation of needle-shaped RuO2 particles in the melt. The formation of polyhedral particles, on the contrary, results from the direct incorporation of RuO2 crystals in the melt followed by an Ostwald ripening mechanism
33
Geasee, Pisit. "Entwicklung von kristallisierenden Glasloten für planare Hochtemperatur-Brennstoffzellen = Development of crystallizing glass sealants for high temperature planar solid oxide fuel cells." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=969487738.
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34
Walters, G. "Characteristics of aerosol assisted and conventional chemical vapour deposition of metal oxide thin films on glass, with or without metal dopants." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1356840/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis describes the characteristics and properties of aerosol assisted chemical vapour deposition (AACVD) and conventional atmospheric chemical vapour deposition (CVD) metal oxide thin films on glass substrates with or without metal, Au, Ag, Cu or Al dopants. Host metal oxide matrices including, ZnO and TiO2 with various dopants are known to give specific physical and optical properties desired by many industries and have various potential properties e.g. thermochromic, photochromic and are known as ‘intelligent coatings’. The AACVD synthesis technique was used singularly or in combination with APCVD to achieve thin films on glass substrates either in static or dynamic situations with a range of temperatures (300-600 ºC). Computational fluid dynamics (CFD), Fluent™ software, was used in a 2-equation, numerical study of fluid flow, velocity, particle trajectory, evaporation and thermophoretic effects on six combined AACVD/APCVD vertical reactor head designs; two designs were then selected as experimental prototypes and tested on a pilot rig chosen to more accurately simulate commercial Float glass production. Various functionalities of the thin films were analysed using transmittance/reflectance spectroscopy, RZ ink and stearic acid photocatalysis tests, resistivity and a variety of analytical techniques including SEM, XRD and XPS were used. The main findings include the effect of noble metal dopants (particularly Au and Ag), substrate synthesis temperature, fluid flow and droplet size have on the physical and chemical properties such as the morphology, crystallinity, water surface contact angle of the host metal oxide matrices. The nebulised AACVD droplet size, for solvent systems, are critical for deposition of the precursor chemicals onto the surface of the substrate, CFD particle trajectory of nebulised AACVD methanol droplets were calculated to be 1 order of magnitude too small to overcome the main forces of influence aerodynamic drag and at higher synthesis temperature evaporation.
35
Chung, Chih-Yuan, and 鍾志遠. "Properties of titanium oxide thin films prepared with different substrate (titanium/platinum/glass/indium tin oxide glass)." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34387357881264765166.
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碩士國立高雄海洋科技大學
輪機工程研究所
97
Abstract This paper aims to characterize the photoelectrochemical properties of the visible-light enabling titanium dioxide (TiO2) film electrodes prepared with different substrate (titanium/platinum/glass/indium tin oxide glass) using a direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering technique. Structural properties characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectra and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed typical polycrystalline structure with primary anatase phase along with elongated pyramid-like grains lying on the film surface and densely packed columnar structure from cross-sectional profile. To improve its photoelectrochemical properties, under ultraviolet (λ~365 nm) illumination, the TiO2/Pt film electrode also exhibits the highest photocurrent density of 150 μA/cm2 among all samples tested. TiO2/ITO film has the best photocatalytic activity on MB degradation with the rate-constant of about 0.597 h−1. Keywords: titanium dioxide; ultraviolet; photocurrent
36
SYU, WEI-SYUAN, and 徐偉軒. "Indium Tin Oxide/ Aluminum Zinc Oxide Films Applied in Low Emissivity Glass." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/08105276921180646637.
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碩士崑山科技大學
電機工程研究所
103
Bi-layered indium tin oxide/aluminum doped zinc oxide (abbreviated as ITO/AZO) films were produced by in-line sputtering. Two different concentrations of oxygen gas flow: 1.88 and 3.33% were applied during producing indium tin oxide films. The ITO/AZO films with 1.88 % oxygen concentration can have 9.8X10-4 ohm-cm in electric resistivity and 75% in average optical transmittance (in region of 400~700 nm) Vacuum and hydrogen plasma annealing was treated on ITO/AZO films. Both vacuum and hydrogen plasma annealing can improve electrical and optical properties of ITO/AZO films. Hydrogen plasma annealing can improve more on electrical and optical properties of ITO/AZO films than vacuum annealing does. Hydrogen plasma annealed ITO/AZO films with 1.88 % oxygen concentration can have 3.6X10-4 ohm-cm in electric resistivity and 89% in average optical transmittance (in region of 400~700 nm). The as-deposited, vacuum and hydrogen plasma annealed ITO/AZO films were measured in optical reflectance in infrared region for evaluating ITO/AZO films applied in low emissivity glass. The optical reflectance at 2500 nm for vacuum and hydrogen plasma annealed ITO/AZO films is around at 69 %; which is more than 3 times compared with that for as-deposited ITO/AZO films. This result indicates vacuum and hydrogen plasma annealed ITO/AZO films have high potential applied in low emissivity glass
37
Lu, Chien-Ming, and 呂健銘. "Glass-Ceramic Sealing for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/svx39p.
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碩士國立臺北科技大學
材料及資源工程系研究所
98
Lanthanum borosilicate glass composite with ceramic powder sealants for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) were fabricated via powder process. Glass softening temperature was measured by Orton SP-3A. Thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) was measured by NETZSCH DIL 402C dilatometer, and leak rate of sealants performance was carried out by self-made leak rate tester. The CTE of glass would be an important data that determine sealants property. The CTE of the glass increases as the content of La2O3 in the glass increases. The glass samples with formula A6 and A7 showed better thermal stability. It was found that MgO and SDC20 powders can increase CTE of A6 and A7 about 8~11×10-6/℃, but higher content of MgO powder leads to higher leakage rate. The self-made leakage rate measurement showed that sealants A06S70、A07S60、A07S70 have leakage rates less than the testing limit value of 0.02 sccm/cm.
38
Chuang, Ching-Chin, and 莊青錦. "Glass-Ceramic Sealing Materials for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/zcw2vd.
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碩士國立臺北科技大學
材料科學與工程研究所
96
Barium borosilicate glass composite with ceramic powder sealants for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) were fabricated via powder process. Glass softening temperature was measured by Orton SP-3A. Thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) was measured by NETZSCH DIL 402C dilatometer, and leak rate of sealants performance was carried out by self-made leak rate tester. The glass softening temperature would be an important data that determine sealants property. When we increase BaO/SiO2 or B2O3/SiO2 ratio，and the softening temperature decreases. The glass sample with formula L06 was showed low softening temperature (653°C). We found that MgO powder can increase TEC of P00M series about 10~13 ppm/°C, but more MgO powder leads to more leak rate. The self-made leakage rate measurement shows that sealants L06MgO 20vol%, L08MgO 30vol%, L09MgO 40vol% have less than the testing limit value of 0.053 sccm/cm kg/cm2 per minute. And the leak rate increases with MgO increase.
39
Cheng, Chi-Wen, and 鄭家雯. "Using Zinc Oxide as Intermediate Layer for Glass Metallization." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35061264883604301959.
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碩士國立中興大學
化學工程學系所
102
For the chip packaging technology, the 2.5-dimensional / three-dimensional of the chip stacking technology is future-oriented packaging technology. The 2.5D/3D IC chip stacking technology is to connect chips in vertical integration, in this technology, interposers play important roles, which are important as bridges to the through-hole interconnection between chips. The 2.5D/3D IC chip technology not only shortens the transmission distance of the signal, but also have small volume, high Heterogeneous integration, high efficiency, low power consumption and cost advantages. However, glass wafer has a smooth and non-conductive surface, which is difficult to be metallized. To overcome this problem, sol-gel method was employed to make a zinc oxide layer as an intermediate for copper metallization of a glass wafer. The advantage of the process is that an etching step is not employed and the process cost is lower than those of sputtering or other dry processes. In this work copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) instead of palladium were employed as the catalyst for copper electroless plating because the cost of palladium is far higher than that of copper. In this process, zinc oxide plays an important role as an adhesion layer between the copper film and the glass. It was called an adhesive interlayer. In addition, a small amount of aluminum chloride was added in the sol-gel of zinc oxide precursor to produce an aluminum-doped zinc oxide. Aluminum-doped zinc oxide not only plays a role of adhesive interlayer, but also a conducting layer. As a result, copper can be directly electroplated on the aluminum-doped zinc oxide/glass.
40
TSUNG-HAN, LI, and 李宗翰. "Titanium Oxide/ Aluminum Zinc Oxide Films Prepared by Thermal Oxidation Applied in Low Emissivity Glass." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24yevf.
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碩士崑山科技大學
電機工程研究所
106
This work tries to develop glass with low emissivity and self-cleaning characteristics. The aluminum doped zinc oxide (AZO) films were deposited on glass. The titanium (Ti) films were following coated on AZO deposited glass as Ti/AZO glass. The Ti/AZO glass was thermally oxidized with 300°C, 400°C and 500°C respectively. The oxidized Ti/AZO glass was post annealed in vacuum and hydrogen plasma separately. Microstructure, electric property, optic property, emissivity and water drop contact angle of the processed glass samples were measured. The results indicate 500°C thermally oxidized Ti/AZO glass with hydrogen plasma annealing demonstrates relatively good both low emissivity and well hydrophilic (self-cleaning) properties among all test conditions.
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Krishnaswami, Sumithra. "Ionic conductivity of alkali oxide glasses at microwave frequencies /." Diss., 2001. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3010412.
Full text
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Martin, Vincent. "Composition and Structure Dependence of the Photoelastic Response of Oxide Glass." 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10222/14083.
Full textAbstract:
The isotropy of a glass can be broken by the application of a mechanical stress giving rise to a phenomenon of birefringence. Some lead-containing glass compositions are known to prevent this phenomenon and they are called zero-stress optic glass. Mueller’s theory of photoelasticity attempts to explain the structural origin of the photoelastic response in glass and crystal. Zwanziger’s empirical model is able to predict the photoelastic response of a glass based on its composition and the crystal structure of its constituents. Lead-, tin-, antimony-, zinc-, and cadmium-containing glasses were investigated in the binary silicate, borate, and phosphate systems. The stress optic coe?cient of these binary glasses was measured experimentally using the S´enarmont method or
found in the literature. Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy and M¨ossbauer spectroscopy were mainly used to investigate the local environment of the cations. The photoelastic response of a glass and its structure were correlated, and
the results were compared with the expectations arising from Mueller’s theory and Zwanziger’s empirical model. The theory and the model were both tested and their reliability was discussed. Zero-stress optic glasses are of technological interest, but new environmental regulations forbids the use of lead in materials, including glass. From experimental results and literature, a global strategy to design new zero-stress optic glasses was established. New lead-free zero-stress optic glasses were discovered with properties similar to the lead-containing zero-stress optic glass (high index of refraction, transparency, no coloration). The study of the structural dependence of the photoelastic response of oxide glass contributed to identify new parameters in?uencing the photoelasticity, such as covalency, polarizability and natural deformation of the additive.
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Thorbahn, Jeremy G. "Local Structure and the Photoelastic Response in Zinc-modified Oxide Glass." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10222/35368.
Full textAbstract:
Understanding the relationship between the structure of materials and their properties
allows for the development of new applications and technologies. Here the relationship
between local structure and optical properties in several binary oxide glass systems
containing zinc oxide was examined, in particular the relationship between structure,
applied stress and induced birefringence in a glass. The empirical model introduced by
Zwanziger and co-workers posits a negative correlation between the ratio of the bond
length to coordination number in a glass and the induced birefringence; zinc oxide in this
model is predicted to be exactly at the threshold between positive and negative
birefringence and is thus of particular interest to investigate. XAFS and Raman
spectroscopy were used to determine local structure while the Sénarmont compensator
method, Abbe refractometry and spectroscopic ellipsometry were used to measure optical properties.
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Tsai, Feng-Jeng, and 蔡封仁. "Impedance study of the electrode effect in vanadium containing oxide glass." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/wafyu8.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
物理學系所
102
The complex impedance of the glasses with composition MO-(50-x) V2O5-50P2O5, where MO is Na2O, Ag2O, CaO or ZnO, and x=10, 20, 30 mol% are measured. The imaginary parts of the impedance spectra display two absorption peaks. One peak at the high frequency region corresponds to the movement of charge carrier, the other peak at the low frequency region attributes to the charge accumulation on the electrode interface. Based on the analysis of the relaxation time of the charge carries, the conducting species is primary polaron for glasses containing CaO and ZnO, while it is primary ion for Ag2O based glasses. However, the predominant conducting species changes from polaron to ion as the content of Na2O increases from 20mol% to 30mol%. The positions of the peaks at the low frequencies region depend on the dc bias that applied. The peaks move to high frequencies by increasing bias voltage for samples with ionic conduction predominantly, while, the peaks move to lower frequencies samples predominant by polaron conduction. The phenomenon is explained by the change of the concentration gradient of the ion at the interface of electrods.
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Chen, Chu-Yueh, and 陳筑岳. "Urea-Glass Preparation of Ti-W Nitride-Oxide Composites for Photocatalysis." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/cgi-bin/gs32/gsweb.cgi/login?o=dnclcdr&s=id=%22107NCHU5159014%22.&searchmode=basic.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
材料科學與工程學系所
107
Urea-glass process has been used for low-temperature preparation of metal oxide and nitride compositions by tuning the molar ratios of urea/metal precursor (R) and titanium/tungsten fraction (fTi). In this research, composites of titanium nitrides and titanium dioxide have been synthesized under R=2(mole of urea/ (mole of titanium tetrachloride+ mole of tungsten tetrachloride)) and fTi=1(mole of titanium/ (mole of titanium+ mole of tungsten)) in 800oC, while composites of tungsten nitride and tungsten oxide were synthesized under R=2 and fTi=0 in 800oC. Further, the photocatalytic properties of titanium-tungsten composites against dye degradation of methylene blue(MB) and methyl orange(MO) under visible light. With XRD analysis, it is found that the compositions of R=2 and fTi =0.43,0.64 and 0.94 are tungsten nitride, titanium nitride and titanium dioxide, respectively. However, the compositions of R=2 and fTi =0.64 and 0.94 are titanium dioxide, titanium nitride and tungsten trioxide under XPS analysis which are consistent with the XRD analysis. Nevertheless, there exist WO3-x peak in R=2 and fTi =0.64 and 0.94 under XPS analysis, and there is also shift 0.6o under XRD analysis, which are confirmed as tungsten oxy-nitride. By UV-Vis, band gap of R=2 and fTi =0.18, 0.64 and 0.94 are 0.97, 0.71 and 0.78 eV, respectively. The lower band gap is affected by amorphous carbon during the process of urea-glass. The MB absorption of R=2 and fTi =0.18, 0.64 and 0.94 are 75.3, 40.9 and 53.9% without light emission, respectively; the MB absorption of R=2 and fTi =0.18, 0.64 and 0.94 are 12.5, 16.6 and 6.9% with light emission, respectively. However, the MO degradation ratios of the composites are close to 1%. In oder to remove the amorphous carbon, 500-700oC heat treatment under air for 15 minute are applied to Ti-W nitride-oxide compositions. The composition of R=2 and fTi =0.18, 0.43, 0.64 are turned into titanium dioxide and tungsten trioxide. The absorption of wavelength is extended to 340-360 nm, which means that band gaps are risen to 2.97-3.24 eV. However, the MB degradation ratio of R=2 and fTi=0.64 which is applied 700oC heat treatment under air for 15 minute is 93.52% without light emission and 1.43% with light emmision.
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Huang, You-Jie, and 黃莠絜. "Urea-Glass Preparation of Ti-Ta Nitride-Oxide Composites for Photocatalysis." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/cgi-bin/gs32/gsweb.cgi/login?o=dnclcdr&s=id=%22107NCHU5159049%22.&searchmode=basic.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
材料科學與工程學系所
107
This study aims to form a bimetallic titanium/tantalum oxide/nitride composite at low temperature (800°C), short time (3 hr isothermally) and one-step by the urea glass method. The bimetallic ratio in the composite was adjusted by tuning the molar ratio of metal precursors (fTa = 0.06-0.83). On the other hand, the urea/metal precursor molar ratio (R=1、4) was adjusted to change the nitrogen content in the composite. Influence of the fTa and R ratio on the phasic structure of the obtained composite was analyzed by X-ray diffractometry. The energy bandgap was determined by UV-Vis and Tauc plot. Our results show that the composites consisted of mostly oxides as the main crystalline phase, and the energy gap values were about 1.3-2.4 eV when the R value was 1. When the R values were increased to 4, nitrides became the main crystalline phase and the energy gap values were reduced to about 0.9-1.1 eV. In X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy , there is a signal of substitutional nitrogen when the R value was 1, because the nitrogen replaces the oxygen position by substitution. The bimetallic composite withfTa=0.56 and R = 4 was in the form of a nitride due to abundant nitrogen source. In addition, the degradation experiments of methylene blue and methyl orange dyes showed that the composite powder exhibited a pronounced dark adsorption behavior. The adsorption of fTa=0.06、0.56 and 0.83 at R=1 was less than 10%, and R=4 was 13% at fTa = 0.06, and was nearly 40% at fTa=0.56 and 0.83. For methyl orange dye, The composites yet showed no dark adsorption effect. All samples showed less than 5% photodegradation for both dyes under the visible light. The Raman analysis shows that the presence of residual carbon in the sample. This is reason for the energy bandgap reduction and low photocatalytic efficiency. After heat treatment at 500°C, 600°C and 700°C for 15 minutes in the air, we can observe the color of fTa=0.06 R=4 sample changes from black to yellow, and the energy gap value were 2.19, 3.13 and 3.13 eV, and Raman initially judges that the residual carbon content at 600°C and 700°C is reduced to less than 1%. After the atmospheric heat treatment, bimetallic titanium/tantalum oxide/nitride composites can effectively remove the residual carbon, and form oxide. The heat-treated 600°C sample has a degradation efficiency of 13.8% in visible light methylene blue and extends to 500 nm in the Kubelka-Munk absorption function. It was presumed that the suitable heat treatment temperature can retain the reaction gap value, and also reduce the residual carbon. 600 °C may be the right temperature.
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Chang, Shih-Huang, and 張世皇. "Development of Glycan Array Based on Aluminum Oxide Coated Glass Slide." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28122944539708373443.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立臺灣大學
生化科學研究所
101
A new type of glycan array covalently or non-covalently attached to aluminum-oxide coated glass (ACG) slides has been developed for studies of enzymatic reactions and antibody bindings. For non-covalent array, glycans with a poly-fluorinated hydrocarbon (-C8F17) tail are spotted robotically onto the ACG slide surface con taining a layer of poly-fluorinated hydrocarbon terminated with phosphonic acid. The samples on non-covalent array can be characterized by MS-TOF without addition of matrix. A representive cellotetraose array was developed to study the activity and specificity of different cellulases and to differentiate the exo- and endo-glucanase activities. For covalent array, glycans with a phosphonic acid tail were synthesized and printed onto the ACG slide surface. Compared to glycan arrays on glass slides and other surfaces, this method of arraying using phosphonic acid reacting with ACG is more direct, convenient, and effective. Moreover, the high reflectivity of ACG surface significantly amplified the signal of binding. With the advantage of ACG-based glycan array, the weak bindings of HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) PG16, PG9, and PGT141-144 have been well characterized by ACG-based glycan array. Through glycans affinity profiling, we proved that the epitope of PG16 is a tri-saccharide of α-2,6-NeuAc-Gal-GlcNAc rather than previously reported whole complex-type glycan. Moreover, we found the hetero-ligand binding effect of PG9 was proved by the combination of complex-type glycan and Man5GlcNAc glycan. Besides, the promiscuous affinity of PG9 to hybrid type glycan also expands the neutralizing range of HIV-1 bNAbs PG9. Moreover, glycan array of mixing glycans becomes critical in dissolve the epitope of bNAbs since binding assay on single glycans may yield misleading results. The results of ACG-based glycan array showed that Man3GlcNAc2 has also been discovered to be the best binding target of bNAbs PGT141, PGT142, PGT143, and PGT144. In addition, Man5GlcNAc2 and Man9GlcNAc2, both have similar core structure, could be bound by PGT 141-145 antibodies in a weaker manner. This result also explains the broad neutralizing range of isolated HIV-1 antibodies. With ACG-based glycan array, we are able to discuss, for the first time, the details of broad neutralizing ranges of many isolated HIV-1 antibodies with glycan database of diverseness.
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LEE, HUNG-CHING, and 李竑慶. "Effect of Nanometer Oxide on the Optical Properties of Glass Substrate with Porous Anodic Aluminum Oxide Film." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/rk9d5a.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
機械工程系
107
In this study, a microstructure was set on the glass to change the transmittance of light. Zinc were deposited on the glass substrate by magnetic reactive sputtering with anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template, after that the ZnO nanoparticles were prepared by thermal oxidation. The procedure of the experiment was mainly used magnetron RF Sputter to deposit Al film on the glass with transmittance and also processed the Al into nano porous structure by using electrochemical process Moreover, the analysis of the optical penetration is attribute to the nano porous structure and transparency of AAO.During the manufacturing process, the electrolyte with anodic treatment and the voltage was changed in order to analyze the variation of light by using Ultraviolet/Visible spectroscopy. In addition, due to the benefit of nano porous structure, ZnO film could deposit on the surface much more homogeneously, improving the transparency Therefore, the study observed that ZnO film had the character of selective absorption in ultraviolet band. For example, it was proved that the ZnO film was opaque in the range of 386.3 nm of the light. Lastly, the each step of measurement test including used the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM), which could not only show the shape, but also measure the microstructure, as well as make sure the ingredient of ZnO material by X-ray Diffraction (XRD).
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Chen, Yung-Sheng, and 陳永昇. "Microstructure and Magnetism Properties of Nano-sized Iron Oxide Contented Glass Ceramics." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29123835623622470939.
Full textAbstract:
碩士義守大學
材料科學與工程學系
92
The effect of iron oxide（Fe2O3）adding into the glass-ceramics, Li2O-Fe2O3-MnO2-CaO-P2O5-SiO2（LFMCPS）, on the crystalline phase transition, microstructures, the grain size of iron oxide phases, and magnetic properties were systematically studied in this thesis. The exothermic peak in DTA measurements for the bulk sample, is about 100℃ different from that for the powder sample illustrates that a surface nucleation process is undertaken in the LFMCPS glass ceramics system. In parallel, the X-ray diffraction pattern proves that the exothermic peak can be resulted form the formation of lithium silicate. After the heat treatment at 850℃ for 4 hours, crystalline phases of LiMn2O4, β-wollastonite（β-CaSiO3）, lithium silicate（Li2SiO3）, Ca(Mn, Ca)Si2O6, and Li2Ca4Si4O13 were found in all LFMCPS glass-ceramics specimen. However, the (Li, Mn)Ferrite phase was found in the 4wt% Fe2O3 LFMCPS and the Li2FeMn3O8 phase was formed addition to the (Li, Mn)Ferrite as the content of Fe2O3 increased to 8wt%. The microstructure studied by TEM indicates that the (Li, Mn)Ferrite particles dispersed in the matrix of the β-wollastonite. The grain size of (Li, Mn)Ferrite particles smaller than 100nm with an average size of 40nm is found in the 4wt% Fe2O3 LFMCPS glass-ceramics, but the grain size distribution of the (Li, Mn)Ferrite becomes wider ranging from 1μm to 5nm. as the content of Fe2O3 increased to 8 wt%. Based on the experimental results from SQUID and ESR spectrum, the LFMCPS glass-ceramic with 4wt% Fe2O3 exhibits mixed superparamagnetic and ferromagnetic behaviors, but the glass-ceramic with 8 wt %Fe2O3 exhibits ferromagnetic behavior. The superparamagnetic behavior can be attributed to those (Li, Mn)Ferrite with grain size smaller than 40nm, but the ferromagnetic behavior can be attributed to those (Li, Mn)Ferrite of larger grain size.
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Chang, Yao-yuan, and 張耀元. "Surface Tension and Contact Angle Measurement of Glass, Boron Oxide, and Silver." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6k3w98.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立臺灣科技大學
化學工程系
99
A system for the measurement of surface tension of melting glasses is developed in this work. The methods used are the sessile and pendant drop tensiometry. The accuracy of tension measurement is compared and discussed at the end of this thesis. An apparatus for measuring the surface tension of molten glass, B2O3, and Ag at temperature ranging between 500 and 1600 oC was built first. A program for acquiring drop images continuously and locating the edge coordinates is then developed. After that, this tensiometer using the sessile / pendant drop method is used for the study of the dependency of surface tension on temperature. There are three main parts in this thesis: (i) surface tension of molten glass measured by pendant / sessile drop method and we discussed the accuracy of tension measurement by using pendant / sessile drop. Then, we defined a shape factor (Fc), and we discussed about the measurement uncertainty with shape completeness. (ii) Surface tension measurement of molten B2O3 was investigated by pendant drop method and we tried to understand why the surface tension of molten B2O3 vary with temperature in abnormal tendency. (iii) Surface tension of molten Ag was measuerd through sessile drop method and we discuss its surface tension and contact angle on graphite and refractory. Finally, we examined the results from these three parts. Firstly, the error of surface tension measurement by using the pendant drop method is around 3 mN/m; while the measurement error via the sessile drop method is around 9 – 20 mN/m. The latter is dependent upon the drop contact angle of the sessile drop. Secondly, we find that a complete drop would yield a more accurate result of tension measurement than a fragmented droplet. Thirdly, the surface tension of molten B2O3 inceases with rising temperature. Finally, we find that the contact angle of molten Ag on graphite would change from 140o to 156o with temperature from 1150 to 1175 oC.