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Journal articles on the topic 'Oxigen vacancy'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 13 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Zhang, Xinping, Fawei Tang, Meng Wang, et al. "Femtosecond visualization of oxygen vacancies in metal oxides." Science Advances 6, no. 10 (2020): eaax9427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aax9427.

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Oxygen vacancies often determine the electronic structure of metal oxides, but existing techniques cannot distinguish the oxygen-vacancy sites in the crystal structure. We report here that time-resolved optical spectroscopy can solve this challenge and determine the spatial locations of oxygen vacancies. Using tungsten oxides as examples, we identified the true oxygen-vacancy sites in WO2.9 and WO2.72, typical derivatives of WO3 and determined their fingerprint optoelectronic features. We find that a metastable band with a three-stage evolution dynamics of the excited states is present in WO2.

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2

Jana, Biswajit, and Ayan Roy Chaudhuri. "Oxygen Vacancy Engineering and Its Impact on Resistive Switching of Oxide Thin Films for Memory and Neuromorphic Applications." Chips 3, no. 3 (2024): 235–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chips3030012.

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Oxygen vacancy engineering in metal oxides is a propitious route to modulate their resistive switching properties for memory and neuromorphic applications. This review provides an account of the research works on tailoring RS behavior in oxide thin-film-based memristor devices by oxygen vacancy engineering. We discuss the recent research progress on controlling oxygen vacancy concentration in metal oxide thin films and its impact on their resistive switching properties for application in electronic memory and neuromorphic computing devices.

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3

Zhang, Bin, Lve Wang, Fan Bai, et al. "High-discharge-voltage lithium-rich layered-oxide cathode materials based on low oxygen vacancy." Dalton Transactions 48, no. 10 (2019): 3209–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9dt00193j.

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4

Wu, Bao-Zhen, Te Zhu, Xing-Zhong Cao, et al. "Investigation of the Oxidation Behavior of Cr20Mn17Fe18Ta23W22 and Microdefects Evolution Induced by Hydrogen Ions before and after Oxidation." Materials 15, no. 5 (2022): 1895. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15051895.

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The oxidation behavior of body-centered cubic (bcc) structure Cr20Mn17Fe18Ta23W22 refractory high-entropy alloy (RHEA) and the microdefects induced by hydrogen ions before and after oxidation were investigated. The results revealed that compared with oxidizing Cr20Mn17Fe18Ta23W22 at 800 °C (6.7 °C/min) for 4 h (ST3, Ar:O2 = 3:1), the heating procedure of oxidizing Cr20Mn17Fe18Ta23W22 at 300 °C (6 °C/min) for 2 h and then increased to 800 °C (5 °C/min) for 4 h is more conducive to the production of oxides without spalling on the surface, i.e., HT1 (Ar:O2 = 1:1), HT2 (Ar:O2 = 2:1) and HT3 (Ar:O2

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5

Wan, Zhongyu, Quan-De Wang, Dongchang Liu, and Jinhu Liang. "Data-driven machine learning model for the prediction of oxygen vacancy formation energy of metal oxide materials." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 23, no. 29 (2021): 15675–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cp02066h.

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6

Mastrikov, Yuri A., Denis Gryaznov, Guntars Zvejnieks, Maksim N. Sokolov, Māra Putniņa та Eugene A. Kotomin. "Sr Doping and Oxygen Vacancy Formation in La1−xSrxScO3−δ Solid Solutions: Computational Modelling". Crystals 12, № 9 (2022): 1300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12091300.

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Sr-doped lanthanum scandate La1−xSrxScO3−δ (LSS) is a promising perovskite-type material for electrochemical applications such as proton conductors. Oxygen vacancy is a common defect in ABO3-type perovskites. It controls ion transport as well as proton uptake. The energetic, structural, and electronic properties of oxygen vacancy in LSS are studied deploying the DFT method with meta-GGA functional. The vacancy formation energies in LSS were calculated for various Sr concentrations. Unlike other perovskites, in this material, the electrons are trapped at the oxygen vacancy site (the F-type cent

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7

Warren, William L., Karel Vanheusden, Duane Dimos, Gordon E. Pike, and Bruce A. Tuttle. "Oxygen Vacancy Motion in Perovskite Oxides." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 79, no. 2 (1996): 536–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1996.tb08162.x.

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8

Hinuma, Yoyo, Shinya Mine, Takashi Toyao, Takashi Kamachi, and Ken-ichi Shimizu. "Factors determining surface oxygen vacancy formation energy in ternary spinel structure oxides with zinc." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 23, no. 41 (2021): 23768–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cp03657b.

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9

Zhang, Sufen, Jianni Liu, Xiaoyang Dong, Xiaoxia Jia, Ziwei Gao, and Quan Gu. "Controllable construction of oxygen vacancies by anaerobic catalytic combustion of dichloromethane over metal oxides for enhanced solar-to-hydrogen conversion." Sustainable Energy & Fuels 3, no. 10 (2019): 2742–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9se00464e.

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10

Su, Hai-Yan, Xiufang Ma, Keju Sun, Chenghua Sun, Yongjun Xu, and Federico Calle-Vallejo. "Trends in C–O and N–O bond scission on rutile oxides described using oxygen vacancy formation energies." Chemical Science 11, no. 16 (2020): 4119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0sc00534g.

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11

Peng, Yin-Hui, Chang-Chun He, Yu-Jun Zhao, and Xiao-Bao Yang. "Multi-peak emission of In₂O₃ induced by oxygen vacancy aggregation." Journal of Applied Physics 133, no. 7 (2023): 075702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0135162.

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Oxygen vacancy is crucial to the optical properties in In[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text], however, the single oxygen vacancy model fails to explain the observed multi-peak emission in the experiment. Herein, we have theoretically investigated the diversity of oxygen vacancy distribution, revealing the relationship between the defect configurations and the optical properties. Combining the first-principles calculations and bayesian regularized artificial neural networks, we demonstrate that the structural stability can be remarkably enhanced by multi-oxygen vacancy aggregation, which wi

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12

Sachs, Michael, Ji-Sang Park, Ernest Pastor, et al. "Effect of oxygen deficiency on the excited state kinetics of WO3 and implications for photocatalysis." Chemical Science 10, no. 22 (2019): 5667–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9sc00693a.

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13

Chen, Shihao, Yang Xiao, Wei Xie, et al. "Facile Strategy for Synthesizing Non-Stoichiometric Monoclinic Structured Tungsten Trioxide (WO3−x) with Plasma Resonance Absorption and Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity." Nanomaterials 8, no. 7 (2018): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano8070553.

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Oxygen vacancy defects play an important role in improving the light-capturing and photocatalytic activity of tungsten trioxide (WO3). However, the hydrogen treatment method that is commonly used to introduce oxygen vacancies is expensive and dangerous. Therefore, the introduction and control of oxygen vacancy defects in WO3 remains a challenge. Here, we demonstrated that oxygen vacancies could be successfully introduced into WO3−x while using a facile method through low temperature annealing in alcohol. The obtained WO3−x samples with optimal oxygen vacancies showed strong absorption of light

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14

Bliem, R., E. McDermott, P. Ferstl, et al. "Subsurface cation vacancy stabilization of the magnetite (001) surface." Science 346, no. 6214 (2014): 1215–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1260556.

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Iron oxides play an increasingly prominent role in heterogeneous catalysis, hydrogen production, spintronics, and drug delivery. The surface or material interface can be performance-limiting in these applications, so it is vital to determine accurate atomic-scale structures for iron oxides and understand why they form. Using a combination of quantitative low-energy electron diffraction, scanning tunneling microscopy, and density functional theory calculations, we show that an ordered array of subsurface iron vacancies and interstitials underlies the well-known (2×2)R45° reconstruction of Fe3O4

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15

Murat, Altynbek, and Julia E. Medvedeva. "Native point defects in multicomponent transparent conducting oxides." MRS Proceedings 1633 (2014): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2014.144.

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ABSTRACTThe formation of native point defects in layered multicomponent InAMO4 oxides with A3+=Al or Ga, and M2+=Ca, Mg, or Zn, is investigated using first-principles density functional calculations. We calculated the formation energy of acceptor (cation vacancies, acceptor antisites) and donor (oxygen vacancy, donor antisites) defects within the structurally and chemically distinct layers of InAMO4 oxides. We find that the antisite donor defect, in particular, the A atom substituted on the M atom site (AM) in InAMO4 oxides, have lower formation energies, hence, higher concentrations, as compa

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16

Petel, Brittney E., and Ellen M. Matson. "Oxygen-atom vacancy formation and reactivity in polyoxovanadate clusters." Chemical Communications 56, no. 88 (2020): 13477–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cc05920j.

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Overview of recent work detailing oxygen-deficient polyoxovanadate clusters as models for reducible metal oxides: toward gaining a fundamental understanding the consequences of vacancy formation on metal oxide surfaces during catalysis.

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17

Ellis, D. E. "Vacancy and defect structures in metal oxides." Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 14, no. 4 (1987): 303–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00309801.

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18

Chen, Pengqi, Mingli Qin, Zheng Chen, Baorui Jia, and Xuanhui Qu. "Solution combustion synthesis of nanosized WOx: characterization, mechanism and excellent photocatalytic properties." RSC Advances 6, no. 86 (2016): 83101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra12375a.

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We present a method called solution combustion synthesis by using metal acid radical ions to design nanostructured tungsten oxide with both stoichiometric and oxygen-vacancy-rich nonstoichiometric oxides with excellent photocatalytic activity.

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19

Maiti, Debtanu, Yolanda A. Daza, Matthew M. Yung, John N. Kuhn та Venkat R. Bhethanabotla. "Oxygen vacancy formation characteristics in the bulk and across different surface terminations of La(1−x)SrxFe(1−y)CoyO(3−δ) perovskite oxides for CO2 conversion". Journal of Materials Chemistry A 4, № 14 (2016): 5137–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta10284g.

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20

Bhatt, Nisarg K., Brijmohan Y. Thakore, P. R. Vyas, A. Y. Vahora, and Asvin R. Jani. "Thermal Properties of Divalent Metal Oxides: CaO as a Prototype." Solid State Phenomena 209 (November 2013): 190–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.209.190.

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Commonly employed quasiharmonic approximation (QHA) is inadequate to account for intrinsic anharmonism such as phonon-phonon interaction, vacancy contribution, etc. Though anharmonic contributions are important at high temperatures and low pressure, complete ab initio calculations are scanty due largely to laborious computational requirements. Nevertheless, some simple semi-empirical schemes can be used effectively to incorporate the anharmonism. In this regards, in the present study we have proposed a simple computational scheme to include the effect of vacancy directly into the description w

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21

Sharma, Manisha, Ashish Kumar, and Venkata Krishnan. "Influence of oxygen vacancy defects on Aurivillius phase layered perovskite oxides of bismuth towards photocatalytic environmental remediation." Nanotechnology 33, no. 27 (2022): 275702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ac6088.

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Abstract The low light absorption and rapid recombination of photogenerated charge carriers are primary contributors to the low activity of various photocatalysts. Fabrication of oxygen vacancy defect-rich materials for improved photocatalytic activities has been attracting tremendous attention from researchers all over the world. In this work, we have compared the photocatalytic activities of oxygen vacancy-rich Bi2MoO6 (BMO-OV) and Bi2WO6 (BWO-OV) for the degradation of a model pharmaceutical pollutant, ciprofloxacin under visible light irradiation. The photocatalytic activity was increased

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22

Mastrikov, Yuri A., Denis Gryaznov, Maksim N. Sokolov, et al. "Oxygen Vacancy Formation and Migration within the Antiphase Boundaries in Lanthanum Scandate-Based Oxides: Computational Study." Materials 15, no. 7 (2022): 2695. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15072695.

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The atomic structure of antiphase boundaries in Sr-doped lanthanum scandate (La1−xSrxScO3−δ) perovskite, promising as the proton conductor, was modelled by means of DFT method. Two structural types of interfaces formed by structural octahedral coupling were constructed: edge- and face-shared. The energetic stability of these two interfaces was investigated. The mechanisms of oxygen vacancy formation and migration in both types of interfaces were modelled. It was shown that both interfaces are structurally stable and facilitate oxygen ionic migration. Oxygen vacancy formation energy in interfac

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23

Song, Myoung Geun, Jun Young Han, and Chung Wung Bark. "The Effect of Annealing Temperature on the Bandgap of Bi3.25La0.75FeTi2O12 Powders." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 15, no. 10 (2015): 8195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2015.11275.

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In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the bandgap engineering of ferroelectric oxides to improve absorbance of the solar spectrum, which is governed by their band gap. To enhance the photovoltaic efficiency by tuning the optical bandgap of complex oxides, an attempt was recently made to reduce the optical band gap of iron doping of lanthanum-modified Bi4Ti3O12-based oxides (Fe-BLT) using oxygen vacancy doping. To study the tunability of the optical band gap from the generation of oxygen vacancies, the thermal treatment time and temperature were controlled during heat treatment

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24

Filatova, E. O., S. S. Sakhonenkov, A. S. Konashuk, and V. V. Afanas’ev. "Control of TiN oxidation upon atomic layer deposition of oxides." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 20, no. 44 (2018): 27975–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cp06076b.

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25

Zheng, Rongwei, Ruifan Tan, Yali Lv, et al. "Oxygen-Vacancy-Rich Fe@Fe3O4 Boosting Fenton Chemistry." Catalysts 13, no. 7 (2023): 1057. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13071057.

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Iron-based materials are widely applied in Fenton chemistry, and they have promising prospects in the processing of wastewater. The composition complexity and rich chemistry of iron and/or oxides, however, hamper the precise understanding of the active sites and the working mechanism, which still remain highly controversial. Herein, iron oxides of four different model systems are designed through a conventional precipitation method plus H2 reduction treatment. These systems feature Fe@Fe3O4 with abundant oxygen vacancy, Fe0 and Fe3O4 particles with interface structures, and Fe3O4-dominated nan

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26

Qi, Yue, Christine James, Tridip Das, Jason D. Nicholas, Leah Nation, and Brian W. Sheldon. "(Invited) Computing the Anisotropic Chemical Strain in Non-Stoichiometric Oxides for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell and Li-Ion Battery Applications." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2018-01, no. 32 (2018): 1940. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2018-01/32/1940.

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Accurate characterization of chemical strain is required to study a broad range of chemical-mechanical coupling phenomena. By combining density functional theory (DFT) calculations and elastic dipole tensor theory, it is readily to predict the long-range chemical strain tensor and the chemical expansion coefficient tensor induced by dilute point defects in a crystal structure. First, we demonstrate that, even in cubic CeO2-δ, both the short-range deformation surrounding an oxygen vacancy and the long-range chemical strain (or the expansion coefficient) are anisotropic. The origin of this aniso

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27

Xiao, Zhitong, Jiashen Meng, Fanjie Xia, et al. "K+ modulated K+/vacancy disordered layered oxide for high-rate and high-capacity potassium-ion batteries." Energy & Environmental Science 13, no. 9 (2020): 3129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ee01607a.

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A K<sup>+</sup>/vacancy disordered structure has been obtained by simply modulating the K<sup>+</sup> contents in a series of K<sub>x</sub>Mn<sub>0.7</sub>Ni<sub>0.3</sub>O<sub>2</sub> layered oxides, which exhibits outstanding rate performance.

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28

Nakajima, Hideo, and Ryusuke Nakamura. "Diffusion in Intermetallic Compounds and Fabrication of Hollow Nanoparticles through Kirkendall Effect." Journal of Nano Research 7 (July 2009): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.7.1.

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. In intermetallic compounds, random vacancy motion is not possible as it would disrupt the equilibrium ordered arrangement of atoms on lattice sites. In view of this limitation, various atomistic models have been proposed, which allow atom-vacancy exchanges to take place without concomitant long range disordering. For a L12 -type A3B structure, the major element A diffuses faster than the minor element B. The trend is attributed to the different diffusing paths; A atoms can diffuse through site exchanges with a neighbouring vacancy on its own sublattice, while the jump of a B atom to a neighb

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29

Su, Mingji, Jirong Liu, Zeping Weng, et al. "Stabilization of the ferroelectric phase in Hf-based oxides by oxygen scavenging." Applied Physics Express 14, no. 12 (2021): 126503. http://dx.doi.org/10.35848/1882-0786/ac3a3f.

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Abstract We propose an oxygen scavenging technique based on thermodynamic considerations of metal and oxygen systems to stabilize the ferroelectric phase and enhance the ferroelectricity in Hf-based oxides. By using an oxygen scavenging metal to control the oxygen vacancy concentration in Hf-based oxides, the effect of this oxygen scavenging technique in ferroelectric Hf-based oxides was systematically investigated. It was revealed that controlling the oxygen vacancies during the crystallization process is of vital importance to stabilizing the ferroelectric properties. This oxygen scavenging

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30

Zhu, Jiaxin, Jung-Woo Lee, Hyungwoo Lee, et al. "Probing vacancy behavior across complex oxide heterointerfaces." Science Advances 5, no. 2 (2019): eaau8467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau8467.

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Oxygen vacancies (VO••) play a critical role as defects in complex oxides in establishing functionality in systems including memristors, all-oxide electronics, and electrochemical cells that comprise metal-insulator-metal or complex oxide heterostructure configurations. Improving oxide-oxide interfaces necessitates a direct, spatial understanding of vacancy distributions that define electrochemically active regions. We show vacancies deplete over micrometer-level distances in Nb-doped SrTiO3 (Nb:SrTiO3) substrates due to deposition and post-annealing processes. We convert the surface potential

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31

Katsman, A., G. Zeevi, and Y. Yaish. "Stress Induced Vacancy Clustering Mechanism of Resistive Switching in Hafnium Oxides." MRS Advances 1, no. 5 (2016): 349–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2016.81.

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ABSTRACTReversible changes in the conductivity of HfO2 dielectric film between high and low resistive states of a metal-insulator-metal memory cell were attributed to the formation of oxygen vacancies and their clustering across the insulator layer. In this study we present an innovative model which includes generation of two-charged states of oxygen vacancies at the anode, their diffusion to the cathode, transformation to one-charged state, and then to neutral vacancies. Vacancy clusters in the insulator layer are built from only neutral vacancies, while the kinetics of the clustering process

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32

López, C. A., J. C. Pedregosa, M. T. Fernández-Díaz, and J. A. Alonso. "Ionic conductivity enhancement in Ti-doped Sr11Mo4O23 defective double perovskites." RSC Advances 7, no. 26 (2017): 16163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra28459k.

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A substantially higher ionic motion can be achieved by partially replacing Mo(vi) by Ti(iv) cations in the novel Sr<sub>11</sub>Mo<sub>4−x</sub>Ti<sub>x</sub>O<sub>23−δ</sub> (with x = 0.0, 0.5 and 1.0) electrolyte oxides, successfully enhancing the oxygen vacancy level.

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33

Zhou, Gege, Wentong Geng, Lu Sun, et al. "Influence of Mixed Valence on the Formation of Oxygen Vacancy in Cerium Oxides." Materials 12, no. 24 (2019): 4041. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12244041.

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Ceria is one of the most important functional rare-earth oxides with wide industrial applications. Its amazing oxygen storage/release capacity is attributed to cerium’s flexible valence conversion between 4+ and 3+. However, there still exists some debate on whether the valence conversion is due to the Ce-4f electron localization-delocalization transition or the character of Ce–O covalent bonds. In this work, a mixed valence model was established and the formation energies of oxygen vacancies and electronic charges were obtained by density functional theory calculations. Our results show that

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34

Wu, Hangmi, Xiaoyu Dai та Jiangling Li. "Oxygen Vacancy-Driven Improvement of NH3-SCR Performance over α-MnO2: Mechanistic Insights". Catalysts 15, № 7 (2025): 607. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal15070607.

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Nitrogen oxides (NOx), harmful pollutants primarily from fossil fuel combustion, pose significant environmental and health risks. Among mitigation technologies, NH3-SCR is widely adopted due to its high efficiency and industrial viability. MnO2-based catalysts, particularly α-MnO2, have gained attention for low-temperature NH3-SCR owing to their redox properties, low-temperature activity, and environmental compatibility. In this study, α-MnO2 catalysts with tunable oxygen vacancy concentrations were synthesized by varying calcination atmospheres. Compared to α-MnO2-Air, the oxygen vacancy-rich

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35

Shluger, Alexander, Mladen Georgiev, and Noriaki Itoh. "Self-trapped excitons and interstitial-vacancy pairs in oxides." Philosophical Magazine B 63, no. 4 (1991): 955–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13642819108205550.

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36

Matsuda, Y., M. Karppinen, Y. Yamazaki та H. Yamauchi. "Oxygen-vacancy concentration in A2MgMoO6−δ double-perovskite oxides". Journal of Solid State Chemistry 182, № 7 (2009): 1713–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2009.04.016.

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37

Varney, C., and F. Selim. "Positron Lifetime Measurements of Vacancy Defects in Complex Oxides." Acta Physica Polonica A 125, no. 3 (2014): 764–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.12693/aphyspola.125.764.

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38

Carey, John J., and M. Nolan. "Enhancing the oxygen vacancy formation and migration in bulk chromium(iii) oxide by alkali metal doping: a change from isotropic to anisotropic oxygen diffusion." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 5, no. 30 (2017): 15613–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ta00315c.

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Oxygen vacancy formation and migration are vital properties for reducible oxides such as TiO<sub>2</sub>, CeO<sub>2</sub> and Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> as the oxygen storage capacity (OSC) of these materials are important for a wide range of applications in photovoltaics, oxidative catalysis and solid oxide fuel cells.

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39

Meng, Jie, Qingyun Lin, Tao Chen, Xiao Wei, Jixue Li, and Ze Zhang. "Oxygen vacancy regulation on tungsten oxides with specific exposed facets for enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic oxidation." Nanoscale 10, no. 6 (2018): 2908–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nr08590g.

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40

Wu, Nianqiang. "(Invited) Origin of Oxygen Vacancy-Modulated Photocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction to Ammonia." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2025-01, no. 39 (2025): 2046. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2025-01392046mtgabs.

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This presentation will discuss how the oxygen vacancies in metal oxides affect the photocatalytic nitrogen reduction to ammonia. It places emphasis on the underlying mechanism. The band structure, active sites, surface absorption and the reaction pathways have been studied. In addition, doping has been proved to effectively stable the oxygen vacancies in metal oxides.

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41

Ji, Denghui, Bin Zhang, Yong Yang, et al. "The structural, magnetic and electrical transport properties of perovskite La0.67Sr0.33Mn1−x(VMn)xO3: The B-sites vacancies as a rapier." Modern Physics Letters B 35, no. 25 (2021): 2150415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984921504157.

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The polycrystalline samples of manganites perovskite [Formula: see text] with B-sites vacancies were synthesized using the conventional solid-state reaction method. The results based on the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analyses show that the samples with [Formula: see text] have a secondary phase of lanthanum oxides. It indicates there is a maximum vacancy content at the B-sites with [Formula: see text]. By X-ray Photoelectron Spectra (XPS), the ionicities of oxygen were determined to be 0.762, 0.842, and 0.886, corresponding to [Formula: see text], 0.03, and

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42

Lai, Chun Hung, Wen Shiush Chen, Cheng Hsing Hsu, Yi Mu Lee, Jenn Sen Lin, and Tze Ming Chen. "Resistive Switching Properties of Zr, Ti, and Zn Metal Oxides." Advanced Materials Research 1119 (July 2015): 194–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1119.194.

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Sputtered metal oxides of Zr, Ti, and Zn were investigated on their resistive switching properties. All these three oxides exhibit electrode independence of the on-state currents, implying presence of non-uniform distribution of the conduction paths. The formation and rupture of those low-resistance filaments determine the reversible stable conductions and transition thresholds, which is related to the oxygen vacancy. The change in filament size explains the effect of current compliance and sweeping bias under various deposition temperatures and ambient. The decrease or increase of conduction

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43

Delmas, Claude, Marie Guignard, and Francois Weill. "(Invited) Overview of the Ordering Phenomena in Li and Na Layered Oxide Electrode Materials." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 1 (2022): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02123mtgabs.

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AX(M)O2 layered oxides (A = Li, Na) are considered as the best positive electrode materials either for Li ion and Na ion batteries. In most of the systems, the shape of the voltage curve shows change in slope of the curve which indicate the occurrence of structural transitions due to: (i) electronic configuration modification in the MO2 slab, (ii) change in the slab packing, (iii) alkali ion-vacancy ordering. Moreover, in AX(M,L)O2 materials a M/L ordering can occur within the (M,L)O2 slab for the pristine material. Lithium and sodium tends to be ordered in the deintercalated materials for pec

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44

Li, Xiang, Hao Wang, Zhiming Cui, et al. "Exceptional oxygen evolution reactivities on CaCoO3 and SrCoO3." Science Advances 5, no. 8 (2019): eaav6262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav6262.

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We investigated the roles of covalent bonding, separation of surface oxygen, and electrolyte pH on the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) on transition metal oxides by comparing catalytic onset potentials and activities of CaCoO3 and SrCoO3. Both cubic, metallic perovskites have similar CoIV intermediate spin states and onset potentials, but a substantially smaller lattice parameter and shorter surface oxygen separation make CaCoO3 a more stable catalyst with increased OER activity. The onset potentials are similar, occurring where H+ is removed from surface -OH−, but two competing surface reacti

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Gerasimov, Evgeny, Vladimir Zajkovskij, Lubov Isupova, and Sergey Tsybulya. "Microstructure Features of the Calcium Manganite in the Case of Different Partial Oxygen Pressure." Siberian Journal of Physics 4, no. 4 (2009): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.54362/1818-7919-2009-4-4-59-64.

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By the transmission electronic microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction influence of various gas environments on the perovskite – like oxides CaMnO3 microstructure synthesized by polymer-salt method was researched. Formation of the vacancy-ordered structures in the [101] direction in the samples participated in catalytic reaction of CH4 oxidation was revealed. Partial disintegration of the solid solutions was fixed at heating the sample in vacuum up to 1 100oC.

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Chen, Zhenpan, Qingqing Jiang, Feng Cheng та ін. "Sr- and Co-doped LaGaO3−δ with high O2 and H2 yields in solar thermochemical water splitting". Journal of Materials Chemistry A 7, № 11 (2019): 6099–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta11957k.

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Sr- and Co-doped perovskite oxides La<sub>1−x</sub>SrxGa<sub>1−y</sub>Co<sub>y</sub>O<sub>3−δ</sub> (LSGC) with controllable oxygen vancancy formation energy (E<sub>V</sub>) and oxygen vacancy concentration (−) are successfully developed to exhibit high O<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub> yields when reduced at 1350 °C and re-oxidized at optimized 400−1100 °C.

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Wang, Yingying, Jingnan Zhang, M. S. Balogun, Yexiang Tong, and Yongchao Huang. "Oxygen vacancy–based metal oxides photoanodes in photoelectrochemical water splitting." Materials Today Sustainability 18 (June 2022): 100118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mtsust.2022.100118.

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Kim, Inseo, Hyungwoo Lee, and Minseok Choi. "First-principles study of oxygen vacancy formation in strained oxides." Journal of Applied Physics 131, no. 7 (2022): 075106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0077043.

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Young, Joshua, Eun Ju Moon, Debangshu Mukherjee, et al. "Polar Oxides without Inversion Symmetry through Vacancy and Chemical Order." Journal of the American Chemical Society 139, no. 7 (2017): 2833–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jacs.6b10697.

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Klie, R. F., Y. Ito, S. Stemmer, and N. D. Browning. "Observation of oxygen vacancy ordering and segregation in Perovskite oxides." Ultramicroscopy 86, no. 3-4 (2001): 289–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3991(00)00120-0.

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