Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Oxydation de la lignine'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Oxydation de la lignine.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Napoly, Francois. "Étude de nouveaux systèmes catalytiques pour la valorisation de la lignine par oxydation." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10207/document.
Full textThe goal of the thesis was to find new catalytic systems for lignin oxidation. Two strategies were chosen to reach this objective: a direct methodology, which implied the test of different catalytic systems based on metal salts and hydrogen peroxide. In that case the system Na2WO4,2H2O/H2O2 permitted to obtain the best results, with moderate depolymerization yields. An indirect methodology through the use of lignin model compounds. In that case, more complex catalysts were tested. The system Fe(TAML)Li/DAIB implied the best results with model compounds, but quite disappointing with lignin. Finally, the thesis have permitted to evaluate the activity of Fe(TAML)Li for the oxidation of alcohols and benzylic alkanes
LABAT, GILLES. "Modélisation d'hémoprotéines, cytochrome P-450, chloroperoxydase et lignine peroxydase : modèles efficaces de la lignine peroxydase et développement de procédés d'oxydation par catalyse biomimétique." Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU30175.
Full textCabral, Almada Cédric. "Étude sur la dépolymérisation catalytique de la lignine en milieu oxydant : vers la production d’aromatiques biosourcés." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10301/document.
Full textThis work is part of the CHEMLIVAL project aiming at the lignin valorization into functionalized aromatics compounds (functions : aldehydes, carboxylic acids, phenols) for fine chemistry or polymer applications. With this in mind, we studied lignin valorization through heterogeneous catalytic oxidation in alkaline media, an environmental friendly approach, for the production of aromatic compounds such as vanillin or syringaldehyde. After an extensive characterization of the different lignin samples used, we proceeded to an optimization of the conditions parameters (temperature, pressure, catalysts…) and kinetics study. As a results, yields similar or even higher than those reported in the literature were obtained. This work demonstrated that the lignin source as well as its extraction process has a great influence over the aromatic yields. Furthermore, the results acquired allowed us to propose a reaction scheme for lignin oxidation. The use of a catalyst (Pt/TiO2) was found to be beneficial for the production of aromatic compounds probably due to metallo-initiated mechanism that still needs to be identified
Condassamy, Olivia. "Valorisation d'une lignine alcaline industrielle : vers le développement de nouveaux synthons et oligomères bio-sourcés issus de la lignine." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0265/document.
Full textA valorization of alkaline lignin from an industrial pulping liquor has been proposed for this project. Before considering any chemical modification or potential applications, the lignin structure has been elucidated. An efficient three-steps protocol for extraction and purification of lignin from industrial liquor has been established. This protocol leads to high purity sample of lignin (95%) and allows the recovery (68%) of the lignin initially present in the alkaline liquor. Alkaline lignin has been characterized utilizing analytical methods and thermogravimetric analysis. This precise structure elucidation was critical for proceeding to chemical modification of alkaline lignin. Chemical modification of alkaline lignin has been done by oxidation in alkaline media. Three major oxidized products have been isolated depending on the extraction solvent: oligomers bearing carboxylic groups and aromatic molecules. This thesis work led to the synthesis of value-added bio-sourced chemicals and functionalized oligomers. The polyacids from lignin obtained should be studied to form new biobased polymers such as polyesters, polyamids or polyurethanes
Kieffer, Raphaëlle. "Développement de nouveaux catalyseurs pour la dépolymérisation de la lignine par voie d’oxydation." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10124/document.
Full textLignin is one of the most abundant biopolymers on earth. It is issued from plants and represents the largest source of aromatics in biomass. Projects aiming at depolymerizing lignin to obtain value-added small molecules for the chemical industry are more and more developed due to the high potential of this bio-resource. The goal of our project was to develop a new catalytic system for the depolymerization of lignin. We have been interested in designing new homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts based on the known structure of the Fe(TAML) complex. We have studied their reactivity and stability under oxidative catalysis conditions, and have compared them to the characteristics of the existing Fe(TAML). To do so, the catalysis study has been realized on lignin small model molecules to avoid the analytical problems related to a polymer backbone. In a first hand, we will present the strategy of functionalization of the known TAML ligand to design new complexes to be grafted on a silica support. In a second hand, we will talk about the results of oxidative catalysis in homogeneous and heterogeneous conditions, and the influence of the ligand structure change on the activity of the catalysts
Constant, Sandra. "De l'extraction de la lignine à sa valorisation." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENCM0008.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to study the conversion of lignin in oxidizing hydrothermal conditions, by heterogeneous catalysis. Lignin is among the main constituents of lignocellulose materials. Being considered like a waste of the cellulose valorization procedures, it is mostly burned to produce the energy. Taking into account its phenolic polymer structure, lignin can be considered as the main source of aromatic rings. Complex analytical methodology has initially been set up to allow a thorough characterization of lignins and oxidation products. Lignins were extracted from the straw by the organosolv procedure. The extraction process affects not only yields but also the structures and properties of products. The oxidation catalysts are transition metal oxides, synthesized by an alginate route. The oxidation of vanillin (lignin's model compound) shows the oligomerization phenomena of obtained products. In the oxidation of lignin, the use of a catalyst increases the yield and modifies the equilibrium of depolymerization - oligomerization
Camus, Martin. "Dépolymérisation oxydante d'une lignine alcaline et sa valorisation." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0394.
Full textIn a context of sustainable development, biomass and lignocellulosic materials are benefiting from a growing interest. Lignin has a unique chemical structure with aromatic backbone and a variety of functional groups, becoming a potential feedstock to substitute petroleum-based products. However, this complex structure and its limited solubility hinder its direct use. Those observations make lignin challenging. This work aims at valorizing alkaline lignin. Indeed, modifications, those concerning the hydroxyls and phenol functions, allow to modulate its solubility in various solvents and in various pH, increasing the range of potential applications. In this purpose, an oxidative depolymerization (by oxygen or air) of a lignoboost-type alkaline lignin have been realized to obtain lignin fraction enriched with carboxylic acid functions (the content of which is very low amount in the native lignin structure). In the first part, different reaction parameters (the nature of the oxidative gaz, pressure, temperature and reactor type used) have been optimized to increase the final yields in precipitated and hydrosoluble fractions, while maximizing the carboxylic acid ratio. This oxidative reaction also generated lignin oligomers of lower molecular weight, thus improving their solubility properties (especially for the hydrosoluble fraction which is water-soluble at any pH). The impact of this new functionalization have been studied to valorize these oligomers. Surfactants and antioxidant properties, taking advantage of lignin structure and functions, have been compared to alkaline lignin and lignosulfonates. The development of new blocking-UV films in a HPMC-lignin matrix allowed to achieve new solubility properties for the hydrosoluble lignin
Uzio, René. "Contribution à l'étude des gousses de vanille oxydation de la lignine et hydrolyse des composés hétérosides /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37610455z.
Full textUzio, René. "Contribution à l'étude des gousses de vanille : oxydation de la lignine et hydrolyse des composés hétérosides." Aix-Marseille 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX30078.
Full textMartinetto, Yohan. "Développement de nouveaux Liquides Ioniques à base de Polyoxométallates comme catalyseurs d'oxydation appliqués à la valorisation de la biomasse." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASF004.
Full textFor more than fifty years, the use of fossil raw materials has become almost essential in our daily life, both from an energy and material point of view. In recent years, new processes have been developed, making it possible to replace a part of the products from petrochemicals with bio-based products from biorefineries. However, these new industries produce, in addition to the desired compounds (bioethanol, biodiesel and others organic building blocks), by-products which induce a drop-in yield and increase the production costs. The objective of this thesis is to achieve the depolymerization of these biomass residues in order to recover them.In this work, organic-inorganic hybrid catalysts composed of Ionic Liquid-based Polyoxometalates (POM-ILs) were synthesized and fully characterized. An environmentally friendly oxidation protocol was developed and optimized on the simple molecules like alcohols and alkenes as solvent ad catalyst. Finally, the most efficient POM-IL has been used in oxidative depolymerization reactions of biomass biopolymers such as lignins and humins, in aim to producing molecules with high added value
Benzada, Yassine. "Apport de l'électrochimie dans la mise au point d'un procédé de blanchiment de la pâte à papier par oxydation catalytique au peroxyde d'hydrogène." Toulouse 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU30071.
Full textBEN, AZIZA KHALED. "Oxydation de dimethoxyarenes, modeles de la lignine par des porphyrines de fer en milieu organique et aqueux : formation selective de quinones ou de diesters muconiques." Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066306.
Full textCornu, Agnès. "Synthèse et biosynthèse de composés modèles de complexes lignine-polysaccharides." Grenoble 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989GRE10051.
Full textRenault, Emmanuel. "Délignification du bois de châtaignier par une approche de chimie verte : Mise en œuvre et impacts sur la structure et le potentiel anti-radicalaire des phyto-polysaccharides extraits." Thesis, Limoges, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIMO0076/document.
Full textFractionation of wood, essential for the development of its molecular constituents, generally includes non eco-friendly steps. The key-step of the fractionation, the delignification, is generally based on the implementation of aggressive conditions, using harmful reagents, particularly chlorinated. In this work, we developed a new method of delignification of sawdust chestnut, emblematic species of the Limousin region, using phthalocyanine or porphyrin as a catalyst and hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant. Lignin degradation was characterized by various techniques, including FT-IR spectroscopy, UV-visible absorption and by measuring the kappa number. Then we showed that the use of phthalocyanine, less effective that porphyrins in terms of degradation mass yields of lignocellulosic material are however more selective to lignin oxydation. It was then possible, from residues only partially delignified, to extract by a simple hot water a hemicellulose with a similar structure to the 4-O-M¨¦thylglucuronoxylans classically extracted from hardwood. This polysaccharide is characterized by the presence of phenolic residues providing it an interesting antioxidant activity, measured against the radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) and its IC50 is estimated at 225¦Ìg. mL-1. This value, compared to reference products such as vitamin E, allows to classify this compound among good candidates for development as a natural preservative for food or cosmetic industries
Nunes, Andreia. "Hybrid mesoporous materials for the oxidative depolymerization of lignin into valuable molecules." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1024.
Full textLignin is one of the most abundant natural polymers and the only biomass constituent based on aromatic units and as such represents a promising renewable resource for the sustainable production of complex organic molecules. This dissertation reports on the development of catalytic materials capable of selectively transform lignin into basic functional molecules with high oxygen content and the study of their performance under alkaline oxidative conditions, using hydrogen peroxide as oxygen donner. Different families of hybrid materials based on the SBA-15 scaffold were first synthesized by incorporation of titanium, Au/titanium, Ag/titanium and Fe-TAML and completely characterized. Comparative catalytic studies were then accomplished in order to evaluate their performance in terms of degree of depolymerization and product distribution. The catalyst with the highest potential, the TiO2 based SBA-15 material, was then submitted to further reactivity studies in order to optimize the different reaction parameters (temperature, reaction time and quantity of oxidant). In the presence of an excess of oxidant, conversions up to 90 wt. % were obtained, whereas a temperature of 80 °C allowed to obtain a yield in bio-oil of 50 wt. %, which is mainly composed of carboxylic acids and aromatic molecules with potential to be further valorized
Lam, Bach-Tuyêt. "Contribution à l'étude de la dégradation oxydative de la lignine par deux systèmes abiotiques incorporant du fer." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37598909k.
Full textAbreu, de Barros Angela Maria. "Evolution du taux des produits d'oxydation des lignines, de l'acide humides et des acides fulviques dans les sediments holocenes recents de la lagune de guarapina, rio de janeiro, bresil." Rennes 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986REN10072.
Full textTeffo-Bertaud, Frédérique. "Ozonation des lignines et des matériaux lignocellulosiques : étude qualitative et quantitative des sites précurseurs d'aldéhydes aromatiques." Poitiers, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998POIT2272.
Full textFadel, Ophélie. "Étude des propriétés interfaciales de polyphénols modèles : compréhension des mécanismes d'action au niveau membranaire." Compiègne, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012COMP2012.
Full textOxidative stress in biological systems is controlled by the balance between pro- and antioxidants. The protective effect of antioxidant molecules is crucial to preserve the functions of biomolecules that can be degraded by an oxidative stress. DNA, proteins and lipids are the major targets. The protective efficiency of antioxidant may then depend on the oxidizable substrate and their cellular location : near areas where prooxidants are produced or near the biomolecular targets of oxidant attacks. Polyphenols are natural antioxidants commonly distributed in the plant-kingdom and our diet. Their role in the prevention of degenerative diseases associated with oxidative stress constitutes an emerging field of research. We studied some polyphenols belonging to different classes (phenolic acids, flavonoids, lignans) to establish a relationship between structure, membrane insertion and antioxidant activity. To better understand their biological activity, we investigated the ability of polyphenols to interact with lipid membranes by using models such as liposomes and Langmuir monolayers. We highlighted the different parameters involved in their activity. Thanks to their structure, polyphenols scavenge free radicals efficiently. They are able to insert spontaneously into lipid vesicles. Thus, their location at the polar headgroups of phospholipids and their ability to increase lipid order in fluid phase would enable them to improve their efficacy. Furthermore, polyphenols would insert into biological membranes without altering their physicochemical properties and exhibit a greater affinity for unsaturated lipids, which are the targets of the oxydation. Finally, the antioxidant efficacy of polyphenols against lipid peroxidation would be explained by the activty of molecules found both in the membrane and in the external compartment
Jeanson, Paul. "Études de l'hydrogénation électrocatalytique de modèles de lignine et de la lignine." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 2001.
Find full textJeanson, Paul. "Études de l'hydrogénation électrocatalytique de modèles de lignine et de la lignine." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2001. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4515.
Full textSavary, Ollivier. "Valorisation de la lignine et des hémicelluloses organocell : O-Déméthylation de la lignine : enrobage de semences." Toulouse, INPT, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPT039G.
Full textMichel, Philippe. "Modification chimique de la lignine : synthèse radicalaire et caractérisation de copolymères, lignine beta méthacrylate de méthyle." Bordeaux 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR10592.
Full textDumont, Clément. "Fonctionnalisations catalytiques de la lignine Kraft." Thesis, Lille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1R040.
Full textLignocellulosic biorefineries are rapidely developing as they offer alternatives to petroleum industries’s products. Lignin, one of the three main constituent of plant cell, is hardly valorized due to its complex and diversified structure. This biopolymer, made of polyphenols, is the largest natural and renewable resource of aromatic molecules. Many researches aim at functionalizing lignin in order to improve its properties. Most of lignin modifications have the disadvantage of generating salts and by-products in stoichiometric amounts. Cleaner functionalization methods are consequently needed. This thesis manuscript presents new catalytic grafting methods based on the use of butadiene, carbon monoxide and allylic alcohol as clean, efficient and economic alkylation/acylation reagents. These functionalizations have a significant impact on the physicochemical properties of lignin. In addition, the presence of new unsaturations in the material opens the way to further functionalization and crosslinking pathways
Navarrete, Fuentes Paola Jeannette. "Adhésifs naturels à base de tannin, tannin/lignine et lignine/gluten pour la fabrication de panneaux de bois." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10089/document.
Full textThis study deals with some researches carried out about the use of various natural materials as a source of raw material for the manufacturing of green adhesives for the industry of panel. In this context, work consisted in:(i) Evaluation of the potential of various tannins coming from barks wastes and development of adhesives containing tannins and various hardeners.(ii) Evaluation of the lignin potential from various origins and development of adhesives containing tannin from mimosa and lignin.(iii) Development of adhesives containing tannin and gluten protein.(iv) Evaluation of formaldehyde and other volatile organic compounds (VOC) from particleboards manufactures with the natural adhesives previously developed.Thermomechanical analyses, spectroscopy CP-MAS 13C NRM, matrix- assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectroscometry (MALDI-TOF) and gelling time techniques were performed for evaluation and characterization of these adhesives. Internal bond test for the evaluation of adhesives mechanical resistance according to the standard EN-312 were also carried out.Concerning formaldehyde and other VOC emissions from panels with green adhesives, the recourse to standardized techniques which are gas chromatography associated with a mass spectrometer (GC-MS) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were privileged
Odier, Étienne. "Biodégradation de la lignine par les bactéries." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376001192.
Full textMaza, Lisa Jésus. "Résines vertes à base de lignine organosolve." Thesis, Pau, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PAUU3039.
Full textPhenolic resins, may be used in the wood industry for the manufacture of particle boards or plywood, after gluing, impregnation and/or hot-pressing steps. They are mainly obtained by step polymerization (polycondensation) from formaldehyde and phenol. These two raw materials are currently petrochemicals.This thesis work, supported by Rolkem, a company specialized in the design and manufacture of resol type phenolic resins, aims to reduce the use of non-biobased materials by replacing phenol with lignin exhibiting a phenolic structure and a structural similarity with the network of phenolic resins. Lignin is abundant in the environment and easily available. To achieve the industrialization of these new biobased resins, a study on the understanding of the reaction mechanisms has been carried out to favor the incorporation of lignin within the resins. It has been possible to replace up to 50wt.% of the phenol with organosolve lignin and to reduce the initial concentration of formaldehyde at the same time. 75wt.% substitution has been achieved using a Kraft lignin by reducing up to 30wt.% of the formaldehyde concentration as compared to conventional resins. The new biobased resins respect the Rolkem specifications. Thanks to this work results, the scale transfer of biobased resins from the laboratory scale to the industrial pilot was possible, while respecting industrial constraints such as productivity, quality, safety and environment. In addition, the industrial plywood bonding tests were in accordance with the prerequisite.In addition to the above objectives the reactivity of BiolignineTM with formaldehyde has been studied under conventional heating and microwave irradiation. This complementary study allows the correlation of the lignine-formaldehyde reactivity and the heating modes to specifically reach products resulting from addition or condensation reactions
Odier, Étienne. "Biodegradation de la lignine par les bacteries." Paris 7, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA077092.
Full textLaugel, Caroline. "Oxydation catalytique de la biomasse : oxydation photo-fenton de l’amidon et oxydation de l’hydroxymethylfurfural." Thesis, Reims, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REIMS048.
Full textSolutions of carboxylic acids, containing mainly formic acid, are produced under photo-Fenton conditions. Visible irradiation with a 60 W spot is sufficient to provide reproducible results under mild conditions. The oxidation products of potato starch and wheat starch have shown Ca sequestering properties similar to those of gluconic and glucuronic acids.Using halide salts and DMSO, an innovating method has been elaborated for the selective oxidation of HMF to DFF with quantitative yields. The one-pot transformation of fructose to DFF occurs with fair yields. Based on the mechanistic study, Br-HMF would be the reaction intermediate
Mliki, Ahmed. "Action d'un pseudomonas sp sur des lignines de bois explosé et divers dérivés benzyliques." Grenoble 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990GRE10022.
Full textFromageot, Dominique. "Photo-oxydation et thermo-oxydation de polyamides aliphatiques substitues." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989CLF21160.
Full textGirard, Philippe. "Chimie et photochimie de modèles de lignine monomères." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37597902x.
Full textGirard, Philippe. "Chimie et photochimie de modèles de lignine monomères." Bordeaux 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BOR10563.
Full textGiroux, Hélène. "Étude sur la dégradation bactérienne de la lignine." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11698.
Full textPaitry, Pierrick. "Analyse de la lignée neuronale hippocampique HT22 exposée aux ions métalliques." Brest, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BRES3202.
Full textThe neurodegenerative diseases are complex diseases which majority of cases are sporadic and suggest multifactorial etiology. Epidemiologic studies have shown that some metals are potential risk factors. This work presents two main objectives: - to measure the cellular uptake and accumulation of metals - to assess their effects on reactive oxygen species production and on transcript level of genes of interest. All metals used in the study enter in HT22 cells except aluminiun and cadmium which seem not detectable with the probes employed here. Spectrometric measurements indicate that metals accumulation globally increases with time and concentration exposure. Most important metals for the organism (iron, zinc, copper, manganese) accumulate more than less common (cobalt, nickel) and non-essential metals (aluminium, lead, cadmium). Co-exposure experiments show that manganese inhibits iron and copper accumulation, indicating a common pathway for these metal ions. Moreover, among all metals tested, only the manganese induces an increase of the level of reactive oxygen species. Using these concentrations, particularly manganese induces an increase in transcript level of many genes, including genes of metal homeostasis, especially those of iron genes regulating the oxydative stress, and the gene coding the amyloïdal precursor protein. These results corroborate other studies showing a link between manganese and the development of some neurodegenerative diseases
Esakkimuthu, Esakkiammal Sudha. "Etude de nouvelles techniques de dérivation chimique de la lignine en vue de l'analyse par chromatographie d'exclusion stérique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02612598.
Full textLignin is the second most abundant biopolymer on earth and it consists of highly-branched, three dimensional aromatic structures with variety of functional groups, mainly phenolic and alcoholic functions. This research work was focused on derivatization methods to quantify hydroxyl groups in lignins and to determine lignin molar mass distribution by size-exclusion chromatography coupled to multi-detectors. Five different technical lignins were studied: Protobind 1000, Organosolv (CIMV), Pine Kraft, Eucalyptus Kraft and Indulin. Lignin samples were washed and derivatized by classical acetylation, which was compared to fluoro-derivatization using the new methods developed in this work, such as fluorobenzylation and fluorobenzoylation. Hydroxyl groups present in the lignin samples were quantified by potentiometric and conductometric titrations, GC-aminolysis, IR and differential UV spectroscopies and NMR spectroscopy (1H, 13C, 19F and 31P). Molar mass distributions of derivatized lignins were calculated using different columns and solvents (DMAc and THF). Conventional calibration, using different standard polymers as calibrants, was compared to the so-called “universal calibration method”, which uses viscometric and refractometric detectors. Fluoro-derivatization enhanced lignin solubility in THF and improved chromatographic results. Universal calibration led to about three times higher molar mass values than by conventional calibration
Sarni-Manchado, Pascale. "Etude des dernières étapes de la biosynthèse des monomères des lignines : approches enzymatique et moléculaire." Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30204.
Full textLapierre, Catherine. "Hétérogénéité des lignines de peuplier : mise en évidence systématique." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112220.
Full textIvanow, Thierry. "Contribution à l'étude des mécanismes de la délignification des végétaux par solvolyse : cas des solutions eau-éthanol avec additifs." Grenoble INPG, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPG0113.
Full textThaburet, Jean-François. "Oxydation d'hydrolysats d'amidon." Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUES053.
Full textReix, Thierry. "Chimie du diméthyldioxirane : oxydation cyclisante d'amines alléniques et oxydation d'amines primaires." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10105.
Full textDehne, Laura Verfasser], and Bodo [Akademischer Betreuer] [Saake. "Verwendung modifizierter Lignine in Verbundwerkstoffen / Laura Dehne ; Betreuer: Bodo Saake." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2019. http://d-nb.info/119291290X/34.
Full textBrisse, Julien. "Valorisation de la lignine par incorporation dans les polyesters aliphatiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2018SORUS504.pdf.
Full textThis work was devoted to the synthesis and the characterization of copolyesters derived from an organosolv wheat straw lignin extracted using the CIMV pulping process. A basic hydrolysis step followed by organic washes yielded a purified lignin that was then chemically modified by esterification or etherification of its reactive functions using triethylene glycol, chlorinated methoxyalkanes, haloalcohols or 1-bromotetradecane. The resulting samples exhibit homogeneous reactive functions, mainly composed with aliphatic alcohols. Their solubility within usual organic solvents is improved, especially using bromoalcane. Their aliphatic hydroxy functions were then used to initiate the ring opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone, in bulk or in solution, between 25 et 150°C, using stannous(II) ethylhexanoate or 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene as a catalyst. This led to partially cross-linked systems due to side reactions of esterification, transesterification and etherification. To get around this problem, monofunctional poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) oligomers bearing an acyl chloride (COCl) end group was grafted onto triethylene glycol-modified lignin (Lp-TEG) with a COCl/OH ratio from 0.25 to 0.70. This led to thermoplastic copolyesters (Mn = 7000 to 12300 g/mol) incorporating up to 60% of lignin in their structure. Those ones are soluble within common solvents and show upgraded thermal stability compared to the starting materials. Adapted from this method, a difonctional PCL oligomer bearing COCl end groups and two Diels-Alder adducts per macromolecule was then grafted onto Lp-TEG. This led to a lignin based innovative 3D PCL network which is soluble in DMSO at 120°C after retro Diels-Alder reaction. All of the synthesized products were characterized by suitable analytical techniques (NMR, SEC, TGA, DSC, FTIR)
Dehne, Laura [Verfasser], and Bodo [Akademischer Betreuer] Saake. "Verwendung modifizierter Lignine in Verbundwerkstoffen / Laura Dehne ; Betreuer: Bodo Saake." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2019. http://d-nb.info/119291290X/34.
Full textRakotovelo, Alex. "Fragmentation enzymatique de la lignine pour l'obtention de synthons phénoliques." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0247/document.
Full textThis work aims at valorizing lignin, the most abundant aromatic biopolymer on earth. For that purpose, an enzymatic approach for the oxidative depolymerization of lignin was investigated in order to obtain fine chemicals. Laccase and the laccase-mediator system (LMS) were selected for the enzymatic oxidation. In the first part, optimal conditions (type of mediator, temperature, co-solvent…) were determined especially by studying reactions on lignin model molecules. These conditions were applied for the oxidation of an organosolv grass lignin. Prior to the oxidation, an organic fractionation was conducted on the lignin in order to remove the population responsible for radical coupling. Then, the lignin was oxidized by the LMS in a biphasic medium followed by a mild hydrogen peroxide treatment. This three-step process allowed the production of monomeric to trimeric aromatic compounds (as shown by SEC, HPLC, GC and LC-MS) and was successfully applied to a different organosolv lignin coming from hardwood. High yield were obtained in both cases as compared with literature results. After isolation, the obtained aromatic molecules could be of interest as precursors for the fine chemistry and polymer industries
Bono, Françoise Colombié. "Aspects physiologiques de la production de lignine-peroxydases par Phanerochaete Chrysosporium." Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30097.
Full textOkamba, Diogo Octavie. "Thermo-oxydation des polyamides." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENAM0002/document.
Full textSome metal components of automotive engine are bound to be replaced by polyamide parts. However, despite their thermal resistance polyamides are sensitive to oxygen leading to thermal oxidation chain reactions responsible for their long-term properties. While durability is critical for polyamide users, only a few studies deal with the elaboration of a kinetic model capable of predicting polyamide lifetime (time to embrittlement) in contrary to polyolefins (especially polyethylene). This PhD thesis is a contribution to the understanding of aliphatic polyamide thermal degradation by considering chemical and physical aspects of oxidation process in order to build a kinetic model. Our approach is based on a multi-scale physicochemical characterization of oxidized PA11 film samples under air between 90 and 165 °C but also under oxygen pressure. The proposed kinetic model coupling oxidation and solid state polymerization is able to simulate the whole experimental data (hydroperoxides, carbonyls and molar mass changes). In a same time, an intrinsic criterion for embrittlement is assessed to predict lifetime whatever the exposure conditions. Finally, the influence of phenols and copper salts on the oxidation kinetic is investigated. A first kinetic model including the phenol stabilizing effect is capable of simulating the main observed trends for stabilized PA11 such as the appearance of the pseudo induction period which contributes to the significant improvement of PA11 durability
Anderlohr, Jörg-Michel. "Modélisation de la combustion et des polluants dans la ligne d'échappement d'un moteur." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPL100N/document.
Full textThe aim of this PhD thesis is the development of a predictive numerical model capable of simulating hydrocarbon postoxidation in an IC engine exhaust line. The model should reproduce the auto-ignition of hydrocarbons, as well as the evolution of pollutants and combustion products under postoxidation conditions. For this purpose, a detailed kinetic reaction model was developed. It should be valid at low temperatures and under highly diluted conditions. The model should also take into account the effects of the major components of engine exhaust gas on hydrocarbon postoxidation. These are CO2, H2O, and N2, acting as diluting species, but also CO and NOx, which even in small amounts, may strongly impact hydrocarbon oxidation kinetics. These species must hence be considered for postoxidation modelling.In order to gather chemical and physical effects such as turbulence and mixing, the chemical kinetic mechanism was coupled with a turbulent combustion model designed for CFD 3D engine computations. An a priori tabulation methodology was developed, minimizing computational effort and the developed tabulation technique was validated under postoxidation conditions in an IC-engine exhaust line. The coupled chemical kinetics tabulation and turbulent mixing model was implemented in the CFD code IFP-C3D. Simulations were performed on a configuration representative of the physical phenomena characteristic of hydrocarbon postoxidation in exhaust lines. Results improved the understanding of postoxidation phenomena in an IC-engine exhaust line and propose technical solutions for an enhanced postoxidation control
Duval, Antoine. "Contribution à l'étude du gluten comme matériau : apport de lignines de différentes natures." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENI104.
Full textWheat gluten, a set of proteins from the wheat kernel, is commonly used to process polymeric materials, usually in the presence of glycerol as a plasticizer. Their use is however limited, because of their high sensitivity to water and relatively poor mechanical properties when compared to synthetic polymers. We first evaluated the influence of the glycerol content on the water absorbance, the phase separation and their glass transition.Then, another biopolymer, wood lignin, has been incorporated into the materials in order to enhance their properties. The influence of different types of lignin from the pulp paper industry, Kraft lignin and lignosulfonates, have been investigated. Kraft lignin addition enhances materials rigidity and thermal properties, and reduces the water sensitivity, whereas lignosulfonates allow to decrease the glycerol content, resulting in better mechanical properties and reduced water sensitivity.To gain insights into the interactions between gluten and lignins, several fractionation procedures have then been carried out. The influence of the protein type and lignin molecular mass could be pointed out, and where correlated to the materials macroscopic properties
Cesari, Laëtitia. "Extraction de composés phénoliques à partir d’une bio-huile de lignine." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0148/document.
Full textThe lignocellulosic biomass is mostly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Upon thermal conversion of lignin, a bio-oil rich in phenolic compounds is obtained. These latter are then generally recovered through several liquid-liquid extraction involving aqueous and organic solvents. In this work we investigated, by a multi-scale study, the feasibility and the efficiency of the ionic liquid [Choline][NTf2] for the extraction of these phenolic compounds by liquid-liquid extraction. Indeed, such a solvent could improve the extraction efficiency and at the same time, reduce the toxicity and the cost of the classic organic solvents. Quantum calculations were performed in order to better understand the interaction governing the key systems of these extractions. The structures of the phenolic compounds in their isolated forms and in contact with solvents show that the conformations are stabilized by the presence of hydrogen bonds. More, the determination of the interaction energies indicates that the [Choline][NTf2] ionic liquid is efficient for the extraction of phenolic compounds present in aqueous solution. Furthermore, the study of phase diagrams of binary systems {water-phenolic compound} and ternary systems {water-phenolic compound-[Choline][NTf2]} show that the extraction of these compounds is also possible at a macroscopic scale. Then, the NRTL parameters coming from these experiments allowed the simulation of the extraction of three compounds mostly present in the bio-oils, namely phenol, guaiacol and syringol, as so at low cost. Finally, the extraction of these compounds from bio-oil obtained from lignin fast pyrolysis was also particularly efficient with the [Choline][NTf2] ionic liquid. Therefore, this multi-scale study demonstrated that [Choline][NTf2] is an excellent solvent for the recovery of phenolic compounds. Lastly, the study of the antioxidant properties testify the added-value of these compounds, especially through their reducing power and their radical scavenging capacity