Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Oxydation des alcools'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Oxydation des alcools.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Lu, Xiao. "Contribution à l'étude du système oxydant peroxyde d'hydrogène-acide bromhydrique : application aux alcools et aux aldéhydes." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10043.
Full textZhao, Jingpeng. "Oxydation catalytique sélective des alcools en composés carbonylés par des catalyseurs à base de Ru." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R062.
Full textSelective aerobic oxidation of alcohols to carbonyl compounds is a fundamental and practicable transformation for many biological and organic reactions providing key intermediates and valuable pharmaceuticals. The intrinsic reactivity and selectivity challenges in green chemistry for oxidation using oxygen as terminal oxidant significantly restrict its application in industry. Traditionally used metallic catalysts provide low selectivity due to over-oxidation of aldehydes further to acids. The recently developed combination of organic hydrogen scavengers (DDQ, TEMPO) and inorganic regeneration agents (Fe3+, NO) have been used as a catalyst for mild selective oxidation of alcohols in the presence of oxygen. However, homogeneous nature of the catalyst and use of toxic and non-environmentally friendly chemicals require further development of this concept for oxidation of alcohols. To solve these problems, we propose application of heterogeneous nano-electrocell concept inspired from electrocatalysis. The catalysts contain nano-anode and nano-cathode sites arranged in core-shell structure at nano-scale level. The alcohol is oxidized over the non-metallic quinones shell sites, with subsequent migration of hydrogen to the metallic Ru nanoparticles as core for oxidation to water. In this thesis, we have found the appropriate “core” and “shell” materials, on the basic of metallic Ru and non-metallic quinones species, respectively, and applied it for oxidative dehydrogenation of alcohols and O2 reduction. Meanwhile we propose oxidation combined with acetalization using Ru@MOF tandem catalyst containing ultra-fine Ru nanoparticles (< 2 nm) in the MOF structure
Belghith, Hafedh. "Production et extraction-purification d'une alcool oxydase : réalisation et développement d'un capteur à alcools." Compiègne, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985COMPI211.
Full textGanchegui, Benjamin. "Transformations palladocatalysées d'alcools et utilisation d'un sel fondu comme solvant." Reims, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REIMS002.
Full textThe first part of this work deals with the Heck reaction of allylic alcohols in usual organic solvents. The various strategies employed to perform this reaction an enantioselective way resulted in relative defeat. Nevertheless, the use of this coupling as final step of a tandem reaction afforded the corresponding biarylketones with satisfying yields and selectivities. The second part of this work deals with the use of molten n-Bu(4)NBr as solvent for palladium catalyzed reactions. Efficient conditions were found for the Heck coupling of allylic alcohols, the dehydrogenation of benzylic alcohols and the isomerization of allylic alcohols. Moreover, in the three cases, the ionic catalytic layer was recycled without significant loss of activity. Finally, this work gives evidences for the formation of Pd nanoparticles in the course of these reactions carried out in the molten salt as solvent
Frassoldati, Antonio. "Oxydation par l’oxygène moléculaire d’alcools en phase liquide en synthons carbonyles." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10228/document.
Full textThe selective alcohols oxidation to aldehydes, acids and ketones is an important transformation in chemistry. The use of molecular oxygen as oxidant is in adequation with a green chemistry perspective, since water is the only by-product. The oxidation of primary alcohols (1-octanol and geraniol) and secondary alcohols (2-octanol, 1-phenylethanol and pyridine substituted alcohols) has been studied in the presence of platinum supported carbon catalysts under air pressure in organic or mixed organic/aqueous media. The results have shown a strong influence of the solvent on the catalytic activity, with an important promoting effect of water on the reaction. This effect has been discussed based on several hypotheses. The promotion of platinum supported catalysts by bismuth has shown some modifications of the activity, with a positive effect in particular in the oxidation of secondary heteroaromatic alcohols. The deactivation observed during the oxidation reaction of some substrates has been analyzed and some solutions have been proposed to overcome the problem
Brochette, Sandrine. "Sonocatalyse en chimie des sucres : effets des ultrasons sur la glucosylation des alcools gras et l'oxydation du saccharose." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10222.
Full textBorowiec, Anita. "New acrolein production route starting from alcohols mixtures over FeMo-based catalysts." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10153/document.
Full textAcrolein is the simplest unsaturated aldehyde, which - due to its high reactivity - finds applications as an intermediate in the chemical industry (e.g., for acrylic acid and methionine production). Recently, a worldwide demand increase of acrolein derivatives was observed, which is expected to continuously grow within the next years. However, nowadays acrolein is commercially obtained by propylene oxidation, where the raw material comes from fossil resources. This work proposes a new method of acrolein production starting from renewable feedstock – methanol and ethanol mixture. This reaction was approached by reaction conditions optimization (i.e. Design of Experiment method do decrease the number of catalytic tests and save time), FeMoOx modifications (e.g. various Mo/Fe ratios, calcination temperature, and basic elements addition) and a second catalyst utilization (e.g. single commercial oxides and silica-based materials) in order to balance the acid base properties
Frassoldati, Antonio. "Oxydation par l'oxygène moléculaire d'alcools en phase liquide en synthons carbonyles." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00833386.
Full textCammoun, Chama. "Réactions catalysées par Pd(oAc)2/benzoquinone : un procédé général pour l'activation de liaisons Ar-H, Ar-B et C-H, via une oxydation électrochimique." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066285.
Full textMénage, Stéphane. "Contribution à la modélisation structurale et fonctionnelle du système de dégagement d'oxygène des plantes : synthèse, étude des propriétés électroniques et de la réactivité de complexes contenant le coeur [Mn(III)₂O(RCO₂)₂)]² ⁺." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112356.
Full textIn this thesis, we present our results on the chemical modelization (structural and functional) of the oxygen evolving center (OEC) of the photosystem II ( PS ID of plants. As this site is formed by a cluster of four manganese atoms, we tried to synthesize manganese polynuclear complexes. We synthesized two complexes with the core [ Mn(III)₂ 0 ( R-C0₂)₂ ] ² + wich has been suggested to exist in two manganese enzymes ( catalase and ribonucleotide reductase ). We have studied the reactivity of those complexes with primary alcohols. One of them is reduced to a Mn(II) dimer in which metallic ions are bridged by four carboxylate ions. We propose a dissociative first step Mn(III)-0-Mn(III) H Mn(II) + Mn(IV)O for this reaction. We also synthesized polynuclear complexes of Mn(II), in particular a trimer, Mn(II)₃(CH₃C0₂)₆(bipy)₂. All these compounds have been fully characterized structurally by X-Ray diffraction or absorption (EXAFS, XANES). Electronic properties have been studied by UV-Visible spectroscopy, EPR and magnetic susceptibility measurement. We examine the application of our experimental results to the OEC
Gerez, Thierry. "Développement de catalyseurs pour le transfert d'hydrogène : application à des molécules biosourcées." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10246/document.
Full textIn this study, we evaluated the compatibility of polyfunctional alcohols with catalytic aerobic oxidation systems. Geraniol dehydrogenation was carried out in mild conditions (t-BuOH / water mixture as solvent, 40°C) in the presence of Pt / C (promoted with Bi to avoid leaching). These catalysts are efficients for the oxidation of 8-Chloro-1-Octanol into corresponding acid at 90°C. However, other reactants were not selectively transformed into aldehyds or acids because of their oxygen sensivity (alcool-A) or their particular reactivity toward cyclization products (5-Chloro-1-Pentanol). In parallel, H transfer dehydrogenation was developed in anaerobic conditions. Geraniol was choosen as a model molecule since it can be selectively dehydrogenated or isomerizd (a reducible function on the substrate is hydrogenated when alcohol function is dehydrogenated). Some noble metals were evaluated for these reactions (Pd in the presence of alkene as H acceptor or Ag for acceptorless dehydrogenation), but performances and selectivities are quite low. Copper catalysts showed better results, and a lot of supports were evaluated. Selectivity toward dehydrogenation product (citral) is not total when styrene is used as hydrogen acceptor, but the use of another H acceptor (confidential) in the presence of copper supported on modified hydrotalcite catalyst allows selective dehydrogenation of geraniol without isomerization intro citronellal. Without H acceptor, this catalyst leads to selective isomerization of secondary allylic alcohols into saturated ketones (90 % selectivity)
Gu, Qingyi. "Biomass reactions on heterogeneous catalysts : computational studies on surface determination and reactivity." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEN011.
Full textIn the context of biomass valorization by heterogeneous catalysis, computational chemistry is key to provide guidance to establish the nature of the active sites in combination with experimental characterizations. Then, the reaction mechanism can be studied to determine the rate determining transition state and intermediate and further design in silico better catalysts. We implemented this approach in several reactions involving alcohols that are key in the shift from a petroleum chemical feedstock to a biomass-based feedstock. Firstly, we focused on liquid phase alcohol oxidation by oxygen, a reaction that generally requires an alkaline environment, which is detrimental to the atom economy of the process since it generates the carboxylate salt instead of the carboxylic acid. We proposed a model of metal/basic water interface that includes the adsorption of hydroxide anion. It charges the metallic surface and modifies its catalytic activity. This model was first validated comparing the predicted activity of Au and Pt in presence and in absence of a base, and then used oxidation of alcohol ethoxylates by bimetals. Then, we switched to gas phase dehydration of C3 and C4 alcohols using phosphate-based catalysts. The modeling of the surfaces was based on experimental characterizations. The molecular coverage of water on the surface in function of the pressure and temperature was established using ab initio thermodynamic. The simulations of infrared spectra of CO, NH3 and C2H2 adsorption allowed us to identify the acido-basic sites which play an important role in the reaction mechanism investigation that followed
Carbo, Lopez Marta. "Nitroxydes chiraux à squelette imidazolidin-4-one comme catalyseurs d'oxydation énantiosélective d'alcools par O2." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENV069/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis was to evaluate the use of chiral nitroxides containing an imidazolidin-4-one squeletton as enantioselective catalysts for the aerobic oxidation of alcohols. In this view, several nitroxides with different α substituents have been synthesized to investigate the influence of these groups. Several co-catalysts reported in the literature have been tested for the oxidation reactions that take place at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. These catalytic systems can be classified relatively to the presence or the absence of metal as additive.The strategy used for the catalyst synthesis has been developped in the laboratory from previous studies about nitrones. Using this strategy and different starting nitrones, several α-substituted analogues can be rapidly synthesized in only two steps. Particularly, the use of a chiral nitrone will permit the obtention of enantiopur catalysts that will be able used for the enantioselective oxidations.In the first part of our study, several catalytic systems have been tested with our catalysts with a reference substrate: benzylic alcohol. According to the results, we have been able to determine: (1) the capacity of imidazolidin-4-one nitroxides to behave as catalysts for the aerobic oxidations; (2) the difference of reactivity depending on the α substituents; (3) the more effective catalytic systems for our catalysts; (4) the scope of the reaction in order to determine the suitable substrates for enantioselective reactions.With all these results in hand, diol desymmetrization for the synthesis of atropoisomers has been considered. Dioxygen oxidation of three diols has been tested using different enantiopur catalysts with a copper-based catalytic system. The enantioselectivity obtained proved variable depending on the substrate and the catalyst used. Very encouraging results have been obtained for one of the substrate, with enantiomeric excess of about 60 %.At the same time as the oxidation reactions, cyclic voltammetry and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies have been carried out. Cyclic voltammetry has been useful to explain the difference of reactivity of the catalysts according the α substituents. Using the EPR, we have tried to understand the organisation around copper for the different species from the catalytic system used for the enantioselective oxidations.By means of this study, we have demonstrated that imidazolidin-4-one nitroxides can be used as catalysts for the aerobic oxidation of alcohols. The α substituents play an important role in the stability of the active species that can change the efficacity of each compound. Imidazolidin-4-one nitroxides have also given encouraging results in the enantioselective oxidation of benzylic diols
Ali, Abdulkahhar. "Etudes electrochimique et chromatographique de la photooxydation des alcools primaires aliphatiques sur des suspensions de catalyseurs a base de dioxyde de titane." Poitiers, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988POIT2262.
Full textMarques, dos Anjos Daniela. "Oxydation électrocatalytique de l'éthanol sur des alliages plurimétalliques à base de platine : application à la pile à combustible à oxydation directe (DEFC)." Poitiers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007POIT2316.
Full textBian, Yan. "Durabilité des géosynthétiques en Poly(alcool vinylique)." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ENAM0024/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis is mainly based on the study of the impact of environmental factors (temperature, humidity, pH) on the aging of HT-PVAl yarns for the design of geosynthetic strips. The objectives were to identify the degradation products, mechanisms and kinetics, and to determine the impact of aging on the chemical structure, the physical and mechanical properties of the yarns. This study was also aimed at proposing a general methodology for studying the durability of geosynthetic products based on HT-PVAl yarns. These latter are subject to two types of aging: physical aging by absorbing moisture existing in soils, and chemical aging by exposure to the physicochemical conditions of soil. In order to better understand the impact of each factor (temperature, humidity, pH), accelerated aging tests were done in three different environments: thermal aging in air between 70 and 120°C, humid aging between 0 and 100% relative humidity and between 22 and 70°C, and chemical aging in acidic (sulfuric acid, pH = 2.4) and alkaline (sodium hydroxide, pH = 12) aqueous solutions between 50 and 70°C. The samples were characterized at different structural scales: molecular, macromolecular, morphological and macroscopic scales. This multi-technical and multi-scale approach allowed determining the main parameters governing the degradation kinetics of HT-PVAl yarns in aging conditions close to application conditions. In addition, it allowed evidencing degradation tracers that will be then help us to evaluate the degradation state of reinforcement products against time of exposure
Thavornprasert, Kaew-arpha. "Production of acetals from bio-resourced alcohols over bifunctional catalysts." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10016.
Full textThe severe environmental issues caused by the fossil-based sources consumption have driven numerous studies to find alternative sustainable resources. Biomass is a renewable feedstock for a large spectrum of valuable chemicals especially for fuels applications. Acetals, dimethoxymethane (DMM) and diethoxythane (DEE), can be produced from biomass-derived methanol and ethanol, respectively. Herein, a concept of synthesizing acetals via a one-step alcohol conversion is applied instead of the currently used two-steps reactions of alcohol partial oxidation/acetalization. The DMM synthesis is studied on FeMo mixed oxide having needed redox/acidic functions. 50 % of DMM yield is achieved at 255 °C on the catalyst with a Mo/Fe ratio of 3.2. DMM selectivity is boosted when using a methanol-rich (40 mol.%) feed and a high selectivity is kept up to 60 % of methanol conversion. A synergistic effect between Mo and Fe species on the conversion is evident. The active sites incorporating Mo and Fe cations is suggested, involving lattice O2- and anionic vacancies generated by surface dehydroxylation. LEIS analysis confirms the presence of Mo and Fe species in the outermost atomic layer. XPS and in situ EPR studies show that Fe centers provide the redox property. The acidity is brought by anionic vacancies acting as Lewis acid. XPS results confirm the role of gas-phase O2 to reoxidize the surface and regenerate the active sites. FeMo-based catalysts were applied in the DEE synthesis due to analogous pathways of methanol/ethanol reactions. The catalyst is not selectively to acetal DEE as expected, probably due to the steric hindrance or to the inadequate acidic strength of the FeMo system
Beyhan, Seden. "Synthesis and characterization of nanoparticles for ethanol oxidation in direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC)." Poitiers, 2010. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2010/Beyhan-Seden/2010-Beyhan-Seden-These.pdf.
Full textThe direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC) is a very promising power source for low power applications since ethanol is very attractive fuel regarding its high power energy density, low working temperature, non toxicity and natural availability. However, there are some problems that have to be overcome if we wish to see DEFCs in our everyday life. For the anode catalyst, there are two main drawbacks that cause problems with the DEFC, namely, expensive noble metals with high loading and long-term stability. On the other hand, an active anode catalyst for ethanol oxidation should be breaking the C-C bond to achieve maximum efficiency. Currently, the best binary catalyst for ethanol oxidation is PtSn; however, the addition of Sn to Pt catalyst inhibits the breaking the C-C bond. This is not favorable for ethanol energy conversion efficiency and fuel cell utilization. On the other hand, further improvement in stability is needed. So far, a ternary PtSnRu catalyst seems to be the most promising for use in DEFC, however, an alternative ternary catalyst should be considered together with cost-saving effects. The aim of this thesis is to develop alternative anode catalysts with high electrochemical activity in direct ethanol fuel cell applications. For this purpose, carbon supported (Vulcan XC72) monometallic Pt, bimetallic PtM(M=Sn, Co, Ni, Rh, Pd) and trimetallic PtSnM(M=Ni, Co, Rh, Pd) catalysts were synthesized by Bönnemann’s colloidal precursor coreduction method. In order to evaluate the relationship between the catalyst structure and catalyst activity, various microscopic and spectroscopic characterization techniques were employed such as X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Element Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and in-situ Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Electrochemical characterization of the catalysts regarding their onset potentials, activities and current densities towards ethanol oxidation were determined by linear sweep voltammetry. Furthermore, anode performance tests in a single ethanol fuel cell (DEFC) were also employed. The addition of a Ni or Co to PtSn catalyst showed the best catalytic activity for ethanol oxidation with low onset potential. Spectroscopic characterization results revealed that the presence of Ni and Co metals in the bulk composition lead to a lower energy levels of the Pt d states on the catalyst surface and weaken the Pt-CO bond. On the other hand, separate SnO2 phase can oxidize adsorbed CO-like intermediates. PtSnNi and PtSnCo ternary systems with less noble metal in the catalyst showed a higher anode performance in direct ethanol fuel cell operation
Cadran, Nicolas. "Fluoration nucléophile d'alcools et de composés carbonylés." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/CADRAN_Nicolas_2006.pdf.
Full textThe main purpose of this work was to design new methodologies aimed at converting both hydroxy and keto compounds into mono and difluoro compounds, respectively, by making use exclusively of fluoride anions (nucleophilic fluorination). Attempted use of the tosyl fluoride. DBU reagent proved unrewarding; only trace amount of alkyl fluorides were formed from alcohols. Interestingly, reacting non-enolizable aldehydesin these conditions resulted in an unprecedented oxidation process and in operating in a light alcohol, various benzaldehydes have been efficiently converted into the corresponding benzoates. More rewarding with regards to the initial goal was the use of N-methyl-2-fluoropyridinium tosylate (i. E. Mukaiyama reagent). By using an ammonium hydrogenodifluoride as a co-reagent these salts permitted not only to fluorinate various alcohols but also p-substituted benzaldehydes and α-diketones, the target fluoro or difluoro compounds being in each case isolated in acceptable yields. An interesting application was the conversion of homochiral α-hydroxyesters into the corresponding α-fluoroesters with good e. E. ; providing the conversion was kept low. Next, the fluorination of alcohols and aldehydes with difluoroalkylamines has been studied. In each case, through examination of the conditions permitted to improve the yields in fluoro compounds i. A. By operating either in presence of an ammonium difluoride (alcohols) or of KHF2 (aldehydes). Finally, the preceding fluorinations have been shown to occur by using cyanuryl fluoride, a catalysis by diarylsulfoxides being then observed
Benyounes, Anas. "Synthèse de nanotubes de carbonne dopés à l'azote et leur application catalytique." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016INPT0032/document.
Full textThe objective of this work is the synthesis and the investigation of the acid and basicproperties of nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes (CNTs) able to be used as catalysts or catalystsupports. For this, three types of purified nitrogen doped CNTs were synthesized,characterized and tested for isopropyl alcohol conversion under nitrogen or air atmosphere,and compared to undoped CNTs. The N-doped CNTs differ from their nitrogen content andfrom the presence or not of undoped section in their structure. The reaction lead to theformation of acetone as the sole product on catalysts presenting no nitrogen or low nitrogencontent (< 2.8% w/w), pointing to the presence of basic sites. At higher nitrogen content, Ndopedcatalysts lead to the formation of acetone and propene, highlighting the presence ofboth basic and acids sites on such material. XPS characterization allow us to propose that thebasic sites consist in pyridinic surface groups and the acidic sites in sulfonic surface groupsformed during the purification of these material with sulfuric acid. Ruthenium and palladiumsupported catalysts (2% w/w) were prepared on nitrogen-doped and non-doped carbonnanotubes (N-CNT), and evaluated for the reaction of decomposition of isopropyl alcohol asprobe reaction. The presence of nitrogen functionalities (pyridinic, pyrrolic and quaternarynitrogen) on the nitrogen doped support induces a higher metal dispersion: 1.8 nm (Pd/NCNT)< 4.9 nm (Pd/CNT), and 2.4 nm (Ru/N-CNT) < 3.0 nm (Ru/CNT). As far as thesupported catalysts are concerned, the palladium ones were more active and more selectivethan the ruthenium ones. The Pd catalysts were selective towards acetone, whereas Rucatalysts lead to dehydration and dehydrogenation products. The nitrogen doping induces theappearance of redox properties, which appear when oxygen is present in the reaction mixture.Finally, we have shown that unique amphiphilic magnetic hybrid carbon nanotubes thatcontain on the same nanotube two different sections: a hydrophobic undoped part connectedto a hydrophilic N-doped segment are synthesized and used as tensioactive supports forpalladium catalysts. These new Pd-supported catalysts have been used in the alcoholoxidation reaction using molecular oxygen in the liquid phase. The oxidation of 2-heptanolproduces selectively the ketone, the oxidation of benzyl alcohol is very selective towards thealdehyde, and ethanol oxidation produces selectively acetic acid
Rezzouk, Abdelaziz. "Oxydation électrocatalytique de l'éthanol sur des électrodes dispersées à base de platine." Poitiers, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994POIT2270.
Full textBallester, Jorge. "Nouvelles méthodes éco-compatibles : synthèse de molécules phosphorées par catalyse au cuivre ou réaction de Wittig. Application en réaction d'arylation de nucléophiles. : oxydation d'alcools catalysée par des métaux alcalins." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENCM0019.
Full textThis thesis is divided into three parts. At first, we developed a new simple and effective synthesis method of arylphosphonates, aryphosphinates and arylphosphines, using a new copper catalytic system. In a second step, we have been interested in the synthesis of phosphorus nitrogen and carbon diylids from their corresponding salts. From these, a method of synthesis of butadiene or vinyl phosphines, difficult to obtain by other methods described in the literature, has been developed. These phosphines were found to be excellent precursors for copper catalytic arylation reactions of nitrogen nucleophiles from halogenated aromatics.Finally, in a last part, we developed a catalytic system for oxidation of alcohols to their corresponding ketones through an Oppenauer type reaction in the presence of a catalytic amount of base (NaOtBu). This finding eliminates oxidants and metals commonly used in many examples described in the literature
Saad, Iman. "Mise au point d'un dosage enzymo-conductimétrique de l'éthanal et de l'éthanol." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO10068.
Full textZhang, Zhan. "Tetraamido- (TAML) and tetraaza- (cyclam) metallo-complexes as mild catalysts for the sustainable oxidation of alcohols." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1312/document.
Full textFe(TAML) complexes have been investigated a lot in recent years. Our group has investigated the simplest Fe(TAML) catalyst for its oxidation with high efficiency. The purpose of this thesis was to functionalize the complex Fe(TAML-Me2) for different uses.One of the functionalizations was to have a hexyl-substituted triazole “tail”, which could influence the physicochemical properties of the iron complex in homogeneous catalysis. Conversely, a silicon tailed-one was designed to be grafted on an inorganic support for a use in heterogeneous catalysis. At last, the purpose of the fluorinated tail was to increase the solubility of the metallocomplex in fluorinated solvents for a potential use in a biphasic mixture that could favor the recyclability of the catalyst. The other purpose of the thesis was to develop an environmental benign catalytic oxidation system with a bioinspired catalyst MnII(Me2EBC)Cl2. We disclosed that the MnII(Me2EBC)Cl2 complex could catalyze the oxidation of a series of benzylic and aliphatic alcohols with H2O2. Conversions of the alcohols to corresponding carbonyl compounds reached 98% with good to excellent selectivity
Lomate, Samadhan. "Développement de catalyseurs performants pour l’oxydation sélective d’éthanol en oxyde d’éthylène." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10071.
Full textThis thesis deals with the development of heterogeneous catalysts for the direct conversion of ethanol into ethylene oxide. Various catalysts were prepared using different techniques including impregnation and co-precipitation methods. These catalysts were characterized in order to determine their structural, textural and chemical properties as well as their elemental compositions using XRD, XPS, XRF, SEM, TEM and TPR. The performance of the catalysts in the direct conversion of ethanol to ethylene oxide was determined in a vapor phase down-flow fixed-bed reactor at atmospheric pressure. Furthermore, the impact of reaction conditions (temperature, GHSV, ethanol/oxygen ratio) was studied. Thus, it was notably found that the reaction conditions significantly affected the catalytic performance, which was ascribed to the fine-tuning of the redox cycle enabling the stabilization of the catalysts oxidation state. Finally the mechanistic aspects of the reaction were studied notably with the focus to identify the reaction pathways and the intermediates
Batt, Frédéric. "Approches synthétiques vers le mycothiazole-4,19-diol : utilisation du palladium en synthèse organique." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00654585.
Full textObaid, Diaa. "Bulk TiO2 vs alternative Ti-based photocatalysts for the mild aerobic oxidation of alcohols." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066578/document.
Full textA series of metal oxides semiconductors, including commercially available TiO2 or synthesized mesoporous samples, were tested as photocatalysts for the aerobic mild oxidation of alcohols in acetonitrile under UV. Benzyl alcohol, used as a reference, was oxidized mainly into benzaldehyde. Best yield (60%) was obtained with TiO2-P25. Unfortunately, this catalyst tended deactivate with time. The role of dioxygen solubility in the oxidation process was emphasized through the test of different solvents. Aliphatic alcohols were also studied. Among them, cyclohexanol gave mainly cyclohexanone with a yield of 70%. Parallely, a colloidal approach was developed for the deposition of titanium oxide nanoparticles on UV transparent mesoporous silica supports in order to take advantage of their important specific surface area and avoid aggregation phenomena during the photocatalysis tests. After optimizing the synthesis protocol (amount of water, nature of the acid and alcohol), spherical, non-crystalline stable nanoparticles with 5 nm diameter were obtained. Using the “two-solvents” impregnation method, these particles were successfully introduced in the mesopores of two SBA-15 silica samples differing by their mean pore diameter (either 6 or 8 nm). TEM measurements emphasized that the SBA-15 material with the largest pores led to the incorporation of more nanoparticles in its mesopores. Clearly, silica/ titanium dioxide interactions in the resulting materials appeared to play a positive role since lower amounts of TiO2 in the corresponding photocatalysis tests led to improved conversion rates of benzylalcohol compared to those performed with P25 or the parent suspension of colloids
Chamoulaud, Gwenae͏̈l. "Valorisation de la biomasse : transformations électrocatalytiques du furfural." Poitiers, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000POIT2309.
Full textLelandais, Patrick. "Activation des hydrocarbures saturés par le système de GIF : nouvelles réactions de fonctionnalisation des alcanes." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112398.
Full textThis thesis is concerned with a study of the "Gif system", a means of oxidising saturated hydrocarbons, using a reductant, zinc or iron, an iron catalyst and molecular oxygen in a pyridine-acetic acid mixture at room temperature. This system differs from other systems in its greater oxidation yield and, above all, by its interesting and unusual selectivity for the preferential activation of secondary C-H bonds: saturated hydrocarbons are oxidised mainly into ketones. We have examined the oxidation of complex natural substrates, steroids and terpenoids. The oxidation of cholesterol derivatives results mainly in side-chain cleavage to yield the corresponding 20-ketone. A study of the effect of temperature has enabled us to show that the mechanism of this transformation involves a 25-alkoxy radical as key-intermediate. The oxidation of several terpenoids has yielded in one step a large number of new ketones and has revealed the special reactivity of the Gif system towards carbon-carbon double bonds. Finally, the introduction of adequate reagents into the original system has lead us to the discovery of a variety of derived reactions. Thus, the Gif system allows to carry out the direct transformation of a saturated hydrocarbon into phenyl-seleno-, phenyl-thio, chloro- or brome derivatives, depending on the reaction conditions
Karra, Maha. "Mise en oeuvre d'une lipase et d'une alcool oxydase en milieu sans solvant organique (substrats purs) pour l'obtention de molécules aromatisantes." Compiègne, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998COMP1096.
Full textDescamps, Elodie Vamecq Joseph. "La protéine disulfide isomérase et l'ischémie cérébrale une voie de neuroprotection ? /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00399737/fr.
Full textLee, Myung-suk. "Étude des alcool-oxydases de quelques souches de levures : essai de mise au point de réacteurs pour l'oxydation de méthanol." Compiègne, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988COMPD132.
Full textRatajczak, Fabien. "Synthèse et réactivité de nitroxydes chiraux." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10134.
Full textHuang, Weisheng. "Catalytic asymmetric cyclopropanation and oxidation of tri-, di- and monofluoromethyl styrenes Rhodium catalysed enantioselective synthesis of mono-(halo)-methyl-cyclopropanes Catalytic enantioselective synthesis of highly functionalized difluoromethylated cyclopropanes General catalytic enantioselective access to monohalomethyl and trifluoromethyl cyclopropanes Catalytic asymmetric synthesis of α,α-difluoromethylated and α-fluoromethylated tertiary alcohols." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMIR25.
Full textThis thesis presents the enantioselective synthesis of functionalized trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl and monohalomethyl cyclopropanes based on the cyclopropanation reaction of alkenes bearing various fluorinated groups. In addition, the synthesis of enantioenriched fluorinated tertiary alcohols resulting from the dihydroxylation of fluorinated olefins is discussed. This thesis is divided into three chapters. In the first chapter, we reported the first example of catalytic asymmetric synthesis of difluoromethyl cyclopropanes, which is achieved by using Rh₂((S)-BTPCP)₄ as a catalyst to perform the cyclopropanation reaction of α,α-difluoromethyl olefins with donor-acceptor diazo compounds and di-acceptor diazo compounds. This methodology allows the access to a broad range of cyclopropanes in high yields with excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivities (up to >20:1 and up to 99% ee). In the second chapter, a practical and efficient asymmetric synthesis of trifluoromethyl cyclopropane derivatives was described and a series of functionalized cyclopropanes were obtained in excellent diastereoselectivities with excellent enantioselectivities (up to >20:1 and 99% ee). These investigations also extended to the synthesis of highly enantioselective monohalomethyl cyclopropanes. In the third chapter, the initial propose aimed at exploring the asymmetric epoxidation of α,α-difluoromethyl styrenes. The reaction was performed in the presence of a metal-catalyst or an organic catalyst, unfortunately, none of the result was positive. Therefore, we turned our attention to the asymmetric synthesis of α,α difluoromethylated tertiary alcohols. To this propose, the use of commercially available reagents AD-mix-α and AD-mix-β as the best catalysts, allowed the reaction with α,α-difluoromethyl styrenes to construct the corresponding α,α-difluoromethylated tertiary alcohols in good to high yields with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee). In addition, this transformation could be applied to a broad range of substrates, including variety of α,α-difluoromethyl styrenes, α-monofluoromethyl styrenes, β-difluoromethyl styrene and β-trifluoromethyl styrene
Bombarda, Isabelle. "Hémisynthèses d'alcools sesquiterpéniques : application à la valorisation de la fraction hydrocarbure de l'huile essentielle de Vetiver Bourbon." Aix-Marseille 3, 1994. http://tel.univ.run.elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/H/1994_Bombarda_I.pdf.
Full textMaunier-Morin, Marie-Christine. "Oxydation électrocatalytique de l'éthanol sur le platine et l'or : effets de structure, étude des mécanismes sur le platine par voltammétrie à potentiel programme et par spectroscopie infrarouge de réflexion." Poitiers, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988POIT2308.
Full textGriffon, Bénédicte. "Effets du monoxyde d'azote sur le stress oxydatif induit par l'éthanol dans les hépatocytes de rat : rôle des macrophages actives." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05N001.
Full textRenaud, Jean-Paul. "Oxydations d'alcanes et d'alcènes par des systèmes métalloporphyriniques modelés du cytochrome P-450." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066139.
Full textNiether, Christiane. "Étude de l’oxydation électrocatalytique de l’éthanol dans les conditions d’une pile à combustible à membrane électrolyte polymère haute température." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS026/document.
Full textThe heterogeneous electrocatalytic ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) in the gas phase has been studied in the temperature range of 120 °C to 180 °C under proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEM-FC) conditions. Direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFC) offer the possibility to gain electrical energy from a renewable fuel with a pre-existing distribution infrastructure. However the high theoretical energy efficiency that is one of the major advantages of fuel cells cannot be achieved to date with ethanol. Reasons for this are the formation of incomplete oxidation products and inert adsorbates that hinder the electrocatalytic oxidation of ethanol. A better understanding of the reaction mechanism and the influence of reaction conditions is crucial for the optimization of DEFC technology. Several studies have been done on the EOR in aqueous solution, but none so far in the gas phase.For this purpose a test cell with a three electrode assembly has been built. It can operate at temperatures up to 180 °C and is connected to a mass spectrometer for online differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) measurements to detect volatile oxidation products in the fuel cell exhaust. Thus the amount of the complete oxidation product carbon dioxide formed during electrooxidation of ethanol can be obtained and allows drawing conclusions on the efficiency of the reaction under varying conditions. In addition a qualitative detection of the side products of the EOR is possible. The effect of temperature on the EOR has been studied on Pt black catalyst in the temperature range of 120 °C to 160 °C. Another focus is the effect of the ethanol concentration on carbon supported Pt/C and PtRh/C catalysts at 150 °C and how the addition of Rh influences the performance and product selectivity of the EOR
Lebarillier, Loïc. "Synthèse et étude de la réactivité des esters α-phénylséléniés." Rouen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUES054.
Full textLamarche, Frédéric. "Évaluation de la cytotoxicité de l'éthanol sur cultures primaires de neurones de rat : influence du mode et des conditions d'exposition, effets de la vitamine E, du sélénium et du milieu conditionné par les astrocytes sur la neuroprotection." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE19008.
Full textDescamps, Elodie. "La protéine disulfide isomérase et l'ischémie cérébrale : une voie de neuroprotection ?" Phd thesis, Lille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL2S009.
Full textMourad, Abdel Hamid. "Comportement photo-oxydant d'heteropolytungstates de structure de keggin." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066545.
Full textKnockaert, Laetitia. "Le CYP2E1 : impact de sa localisation mitochondriale et rôle dans les altérations précoces de l'ADN mitochondrial." Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1B080.
Full textCytochrome P450 (CYP) 2E1 is implicated in the metabolism of many exogenous compounds such as ethanol, acetaminophen or CCl4. CYP2E1 is one of the CYP able to produce reactive oxygen species during its catalytic cycle. Furthermore, in some cases, CYP2E1 produces reactive metabolites, which could have deleterious cellular and mitochondrial effects. The main localization of this enzyme is the endoplasmic reticulum but it has also been purified from hepatic liver mitochondria. The presence of CYP2E1 in these organelles raises questions regarding its physiological role, its metabolic capacities but also its possible deleterious effects. In the first part of my thesis, we studied in vitro the role of mitochondrial CYP2E1 localization in the toxicity of ethanol or acetaminophen. Our results indicated that the exclusive localization of CYP2E1 within mitochondria was sufficient to induce cytotoxicity and oxidative stress after ethanol or acetaminophen exposure. The second part of my work was devoted to the in vivo study of the implication of CCl4-dependent lipid peroxidation on early mitochondrial DNA alterations. Utilization of a CYP2E1 inhibitor and antioxydants demonstrated the major role of the protein and lipid peroxidation in the qualitative and quantitative alterations of mitochondrial DNA. Next, it would be interesting to determinate the role of mitochondrial CYP2E1 in these DNA lesions using the cellular model developed in our first work. If further studies confirm the implication of mitochondrial CYP2E1 in the development of hepatic injury, it would be interesting to specifically address antioxidants or inhibitors to mitochondria
Larosche, Isabelle. "Altérations du génome mitochondrial et des fonctions mitochondriales induites par l'alcool et le tamoxifène." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05P604.
Full textMitochondrial impairment and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) lesions contribute to xenobiotic-induced liver lesions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxic effects of tamoxifen and alcohol on hepatic mitochondria and to assess the modulating role of manganese superoxide dismutase overexpression (MnSOD) on ethanol-induced mitochondrial damage. We showed that tamoxifen accumulates inside mitochondria, inhibits topoisomérases and alters mtDNA replication leading to a progressive depletion of mtDNA. This decrease in mtDNA levels was associated with the inhibition of mitochondrial respiration and β-oxidation of fatty acids and the development of hepatic steatosis. In the second part, we showed that transgenic mice overexpressing MnSOD are more prone to alcohol-induced mitochondrial damage than wild type mice, probably because of enhanced formation of H202, hydroxyl radical and lipid peroxidation products. Our results show the implications of mitochondrial lesions in tamoxifen-induced steatosis as well as the negative effect of MnSOD overexpression on mitochondrial functions during chronic alcohol consumption
Gairola, Priyanka. "Association of Metal-Organic Framework and Transaminase for chemoenzymatic production of amines." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS107.
Full textDue to the scarcity of fossil resources, the chemical industry must today evolve to turn to new sources of raw material. Added to this are the ever-increasing environmental pressures that impose a reduction in the ecological and energy impact of the processes. Responding to these major technological challenges involves the design of new chemical processes making it possible, in particular, for the massive transformation of natural chemical resources (cellulose, lignin, algae, etc.) into high value-added chemicals that meet the so-called "Green chemistry" i, ii. In this context, heterogeneous catalysis is an essential tool since it makes it possible to accelerate the chemical reactions under sustainable conditions by making it possible to recycle the active phases ii. The development of processes that are increasingly adapted to today's industrial and environmental challenges, however, requires the development of new catalysts, in particular capable of reducing energy consumption even more, of saving atoms and of reducing as much as possible the quantities of reagents and solvents used as well as the waste produced. To do this, heterogeneous catalysts capable of catalyzing several chemical reactions in one step "in cascade" are particularly promising. [...] The overall goal of this thesis was to build a chemoenzymatic system capable of carrying out a cascade of two reactions allowing the transformation of alcohols into amines. For that it was proposed to immobilize on a crystalline organic-inorganic hybrid material called MOF (Metal-Organic Framework), a chemical catalyst, responsible for a first step of oxidation of alcohol to carbonyl compound, and a transaminase enzyme catalyzing the subsequent amine transfer step. The implementation of such a sophisticated system was a real challenge, especially because it was a question of finding reaction conditions (solvent, temperature, pH, and choice of chemical reagents) that are compatible with the working conditions of transaminases (mild reaction temperatures ≤ 60 ° C, at least partially aqueous solvents). This was a prerequisite for carrying out "one-pot" syntheses, where the two targeted reactions were to be catalyzed consecutively by the chemical catalyst and the enzyme in the same reaction medium without isolation of the intermediate carbonyl. It was also necessary to ensure the stability of the MOF in the reaction medium, and in particular the integrity of its structure in solvents containing the aqueous buffer solutions necessary for the stability of the enzymes. [...]
Sun, Shi-Gang. "Effet de la structure cristalline superficielle du platine dans le mécanisme de l'oxydation électrocatalytique de l'acide formique et du méthanol en milieu acide." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066305.
Full textDerule, Hervé. "Influence du degré d'oxydation du métal sur la sélectivité des catalyseurs de synthèse Fischer-tropsch." Poitiers, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989POIT2268.
Full textVo-Van, Quoc-Bao. "Exploration fonctionnelle de la réponse au stress chez des micro-organismes d'intérêt technologique : dynamique de la réponse membranaire suite au stress éthanolique chez Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOS057/document.
Full textThe study of membrane response induced by ethanol stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae aims to understand mechanisms involved in the survival of eukaryotic cells submitted to high ethanol concentrations. The cell membrane by its position between the intra- and extracellular environment is the first target of ethanolic perturbations. Experiments performed in this study aimed to characterize the maintain of the functional integrity of the membrane in relation to the sterol composition in the yeast S. cerevisiae submitted to different types of ethanolic disturbances: increasing concentrations of ethanol in the growth medium; ethanolic shocks of increasing magnitude; shock 20% ethanol for 15 minutes and then return in a medium without ethanol ("pulse" 20% ethanol)). Our results demonstrate the importance of ergosterol in maintaining membrane integrity and also support the hypothesis of the vector role of ethanol in cell oxidation, whose effectiveness is dependent on the nature of sterols at the membrane level. In addition, our results analyzing the kinetics of transcription of genes involved in oxidative stress response suggest an increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by ethanol in the Δerg6 mutant, affected in the biosynthetic pathway of ergosterol
Ouchaou, Kahina. "Catalyseurs hétérogènes à base de polysaccharides pour des réactions pallado-catalysées." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112221.
Full textThis work describes the preparation, screening and use of heterogeneous catalysts based on polysaccharides. The main goal of our project was to evaluate two polysaccharides: alginates and chitosan as renewable supports for heterogeneous catalysis.Alginates are known to form gels with most di- and multivalent cations due to the presence of the carboxylate functions of their matrix. And chitosan is an attractive polysaccharide for application in catalysis owing to the presence of readily functionalizable amino group and its insolubility in organic solvents.First, our work focused on evaluating the catalytic activity of bimetallic Mn+-Pd catalysts supported on alginate in C—C coupling reactions. Among them, one system demonstrated remarkable catalytic properties for the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling. Then, the oxidation of alcohols catalyzed by Alginate-Mn+-Pd2+ catalyst was investigated. Two catalysts demonstrated good activity for oxidation of benzylic and allylic alcohol.In a second time, we developed new NHC ligands in order to anchor them on chitosan: two new NHC ligands for olefin metathesis and several NHC pincer CNC ligands for C—C coupling reactions in water. A palladium complex obtained with one our new ligand bearing long alkyl chains showed good activity in the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling in pure water.Finally, a new palladium (II) catalyzed decarboxylative cyanation reaction was investigated. This methodology is the first example of direct conversion of aryl carboxylic acid into the corresponding aryl nitrile. This reaction is well adapted to labeled compound synthesis