Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Oxyde de graphène'
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Avril, Florian. "Contribution à l'élaboration d'un supercondensateur à basse de graphène." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS034/document.
Full textThe use of micro-power generation energy is a promising concept that consists in harvesting low and diffuse energy sources present in our environment for the supply of autonomous systems. The growing number of new miniaturized and communicating devices in civil and military fields should accentuate the phenomenon of energy dependence and open up new markets.Among possible sources of renewable energy, solar energy is the most promising source because it is potentially the most powerful and best distributed. The development of these micro-energy recovery systems involves low costs with flexible substrate (paper, polymer) and easily exploitable materials. After energy recovery, it is necessary for the autonomous systems to store electricity.For this purpose, supercapacitors are ideal candidates. Indeed, the main advantage of supercapacitors over batteries is their high power density (fast energy collection) as well as a long cycle life. The thesis concerns the manufacture of a supercapacitor and ultimately coupling with a solar cell. The work specifically concerns the study of graphene oxide (GO) synthesized by the Hummers and Marcano methods, its reduction in reduced graphene oxide (RGO) by chemical and electrochemical routes and the realization of supercapacitor. In this project, the properties of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) will be optimized during the reduction step and the material will be shaped into a sandwich structure (RGO / electrolyte / RGO) or interdigitated.Keywords: Graphene,supercapacitor, graphene oxide,energy micro-source
Pakulski, Dawid. "Graphene based materials and their potential applications." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAF060.
Full textScientific purpose of this doctoral dissertation is synthesis of functionalized two-dimensional materials (graphene and graphene oxide) and their comprehensive physicochemical characterization, with particular emphasis on adsorption and energy storage properties. We could demonstrate that covalent modification of graphene oxide (GO) with an organic polymer (BPEI) very favorably affects the efficiency of the adsorption process. The maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) values for heavy metal ions significantly favour this material in comparison to the majority of known carbon adsorbents. Moreover, functionalization of GO with mesoporous aminosilica (SiO2NH2) leads to obtaining an efficient and rapid adsorbent of organic cationic dyes (MB, RhB, MV). ln addition we proved that the functionalization of graphene (EEG) using the POM-surfactant su bu nits proved that this type of organic-inorganic hybrids material is very stable and have interesting electrical properties with potential application in the production of supercapacitors
Alami, Omar. "Oxyde de graphène fonctionnalisés par des dendrons et dendrimères pour des applications en oncologie." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022TOU30086.
Full textGraphene, a monolayer of carbon atoms densely packed in a honeycomb lattice, was first isolated in 2004. In recent years, research on graphene and its derivatives has generated considerable interest in a wide range of research activities thanks to its interesting properties. The easiest and most versatile way to obtain graphene-based nanocomposites is to oxidize natural graphite to obtain graphene oxide (GO), a material with a surface rich in modifiable chemical functions. Graphene oxide nanocomposites have been synthesized for potential applications in electronics, energy storage, catalysis and sorption, gas storage, separation and detection as well as in the biomedical field. Dendrimers are particularly advantageous macromolecules for a very large number of applications in extremely varied fields. This interest resides essentially in their properties of cooperativity and multivalence, as well as in their very high capacity for encapsulation or fixing of small molecules, and this in a volume of nanometric size. This structural characteristic is the consequence of their unique branched architecture containing a central core and having many peripheral functions. Dendrimers are very interesting tools for the delivery of drugs and nucleic acids. In this work we will develop simple approaches to decorate the surface of graphene oxide with phosphorus dondron and dendrimers in order to create new hybrid materials with new properties. First, the synthesis of classical phosphorus dendrimers and of AB5 dendrons will be carried out, followed by the grafting of the different monomers on their surface. In parallel the preparation of graphene oxide (GO) as well as the modification of the GO surface with different methods will be carried out, and finally the grafting of the different dendrons on the platform of graphene oxide will afford new hybrid materials that will be biologically tested
Al-Nafiey, Amer Khudair Hussien. "Reduced graphene oxide-based nanocomposites : synthesis, characterization and applications." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10009/document.
Full textWe successfully obtained these nanocomposites (rGO/Arg-Ag NPs, rGO-Ni NPs and rGO-Co3O4NPs).The resulting rGO-based nanocomposites were characterized by a variety of different techniques, including XPS, SEM, TEM, FTIR, Raman, UV-Vis and TGA. These analysis shows that these graphene-based nanocomposites have excellent properties and stability. The rGO-based nanocomposites, applied as a catalyst in environmental applications and shows good catalytic performance for reduction of 4nitrophenol to 4aminophenol and high adsorption dyes and Cr (VI) from wastewater
Nasr, Maryline. "Elaboration of oxides membranes by electrospinning for photocatalytic applications." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT210/document.
Full textNowadays, industrial toxic chemicals are still not properly treated and these contaminants may directly impact the safety of drinking water. Photocatalysis “a green technology” is an effective and economical approach and plays an important role in solar energy conversion and degradation of organic pollutants. This thesis manuscript reports on developing advanced materials (based on TiO2 and ZnO) being capable of exploiting renewable solar energy for solving the environmental pollution problems. A part of this work was dedicated to improve the UV and visible light TiO2 photoresponse. Therefore, rGO/TiO2, BN/TiO2 and BN-Ag/TiO2 composties nanofibers were successfully elaborated using the electrospinning technique. The second part focused on ZnO. Novel structures of ZnO/ZnAl2O4 multi co-centric nanotubes and Al2O3 doped ZnO nanotubes were designed by combining the two techniques of atomic layer deposition (ALD) and electrospinning. The morphological, structural and optical properties of all synthesized nanostructures were investigated by several characterization techniques. The results show that the chemical and physical properties have a high impact on the photocatalytic properties of the synthesized materials. Moreover, it was found that the doping effect lead to a more efficient charge separation in the photocatalyst, which is an advantage for photocatalytic activities. In addition, methyl orange and methylene blue were used as model reference. A significant enhancement and a long-term stability in the photocatalytic activity were observed with the doped materials compared to the non-doped ones under both UV and visible light. Antibacterial tests against Escherichia coli have also been performed; the results indicate that BN-Ag/TiO2 present interesting photocatalytic properties for both organic compound degradation and bacterial removal
Kaminska, Izabela. "Préparation et applications de plateformes à base de nanaoparticules d’or et de graphène." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10003/document.
Full textIn this thesis, new methods for the preparation of interfaces covered with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and/or reduced graphene oxide (rGO) based materials are introduced. An electrode|aqueous electrolyte|gold precursor solution in toluene three-phase junction was applied for AuNPs electrodeposition. Nanoparticles obtained in various conditions, with cyclic voltammetry or chronoamperometry, were investigated to find optimal conditions for their electrodeposition. To characterize the properties of AuNPs deposited at the electrode surface, electrochemical, spectroscopic and microscopic methods were employed. These modified surfaces were applied as a new catalytic and bioelectrocatalytic material, as well as sensing platform for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and fluorescence microscopy. This allowed to demonstrate some potential applications of AuNPs deposited at the three-phase junction. In the following part, a new and simple method for GO reduction and simultaneous functionalization was proposed. Selected aromatic molecules were employed as reducing agents in reactions carried out under mild conditions. To characterize the new composites, electrochemical, spectroscopic and microscopic techniques were used. These composites were also investigated as potential substrates for sensors and (electro)chemical switches. Finally, AuNPs and/or rGO were applied as new sensors in fluorescence microscopy. Using these materials separately and afterwards hybrid coatings containing both structures, allowed exploring interactions between them. This strategy was also applied to explore fluorescence properties of a selected biomolecule and the influence of both materials on it
Wang, Qi. "Carbon-based materials : preparation, functionalization and applications." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10156/document.
Full textGraphene and its derivatives have attracted tremendous research interest over the years due to their exceptional physical and chemical properties. For the integration of graphene into electrochemical devices, it is essential to have a simple, reproducible and controllable technique to produce high quality graphene sheets on large surfaces. In this respect, the use of chemically derived reduced graphene oxide (rGO) rather than CVD graphene is a promising approach. In this thesis, we have developed simple, environmentally friendly, and controllable approaches for the chemical reduction of graphene oxide to rGO and the simultaneous functionalization of the resulting rGO matrix with the used reducing agents. These techniques are based on the use of tyrosine, 4-aminophenyl boronic acid (APBA), alkynyl-modified dopamine, and diamond nanoparticles (ND) as reducing agents. The robustness of the developed derivatization schemes was evaluated by the post-functionalization of alkynyl-dopamine/rGO with thiolated molecules via a photochemical “click” reaction.The resulting rGO matrices were characterized by a variety of different techniques, including XPS, AFM, SEM, FTIR, Raman, UV/Vis, and electrochemical measurements. The rGO matrices, deposited on glassy carbon (GC) electrodes, have been further used for electrochemical based applications for nonenzymatic detection of hydrogen peroxide, glucose, and simultaneously L-dopa and carbidopa. Furthermore, rGO/NDs nanocomposites have been successfully used as electrode in supercapacitors and exhibited a specific capacitance of 186 F g-1 and excellent long term stability
Al, Zohbi Fatima. "Etude de Polyanilines et de nanocomposites Polyaniline/Graphène en milieu liquide ionique protique pour la réalisation de supercondensateurs." Thesis, Tours, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUR4026/document.
Full textThe work carried out during this PhD thesis is based on the preparation of conducting polymers such as polyaniline (Pani) and their composites associated with graphene for use as electrode materials for supercapacitors application. This work was first dedicated to the synthesis of new protic ionic liquids (PILs) combining pyrrolidinium (Pyrr+) or imidazolium (Imi+) cations with p-toluene sulfonate (PTS-), hydrogen sulfate (HSO4-) or (+)-camphor-10-sulfonate (Cs-) anion, and the study of their physico-chemicals properties (conductivity, viscosity) in binary mixtures PILs/water. After determining the formulations needed to achieve the optimum of transport properties, the specific capacitance of Pani/HCl in these PILs medium was determined, and we have shown that the performance of symmetrical devices are improved in capacitance, specific energy and specific power (400F/g, 7Wh/kg and 4kW/kg for the higher values) in comparison to those obtained in a H2SO4 1M medium. These PILs mediums were also used as a synthesis medium of Pani. We have shown that the nature of PILs, acting as soft template, could change the electronic, morphological and thermal properties of Pani. An optimum of electronic conductivity of Pani (22 S/cm) was obtained with a synthesis realized in the binary mixture [Imi][HSO4]/water 70/30 generating a fibrillar morphology and a good cyclability (93% capacitance retention over 1000 cycles in H2SO4 1M at 2 A/g). For Pani synthesis in [Pyrr][PTS]/water, a thermal stability gain (360 °C) is obtained thanks to a PTS- doped Pani. Finally, a preliminary study on the preparation of composite Pani/graphene and Pani/graphene oxide was performed. The syntheses of nanocomposites were realized in PILs/water mixtures. The optimization of the composition of the Pani nanocomposites was studied and it was found that a mass ratio of about 15% in weight of graphene or graphene oxide enables to obtain promising nanomaterials with higher electrochemical performances compared with pristine Pani
Roman, Julien. "Mise en forme de matériaux carbonés biosourcés par voie liquide." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0202/document.
Full textThis work is devoted to the preparation of new bio-based carbon materials. Carbon materials, such as carbon fibers used in composites, are mainly obtained from a petroleum precursor. These precursors are expensive and not compatible with a sustainable industry. The use of a bio-based precursor available in large quantities such as lignin makes it possible to overcome limitations of petroleum based precursors. The aromatic molecular structure and high carbon content of lignin make it an ideal candidate for the production of bio-based carbon material. Lignin could be transformed into various materials such as carbon nanofibers, twisted carbon nanofibers, or carbonized composite 3D structures. These materials have been obtained from innovative techniques such as electrospinning and 3D printing. Twisting of the lignin-based-carbon nanofibers allowed for measurements of their mechanical strength. The electrochemical properties of the lignin-based twisted carbon nanofibers are interesting for potential microelectrode applications. The low microstructural order of the carbon from the carbonized lignin has been improved. Graphitization treatment or addition of carbon nanofillers contributed to this improvement. The mechanical, structural and electrical properties of nanocomposite carbon nanofibers illustrate the influence of graphene oxide on lignin. A composite effect between these two components has been observed. The 3D printing of composite inks based on lignin and graphene oxide has been reported for the first time in order to elaborate dense, organized and electrically conductive 3D carbonized structures
Hamandi, Marwa. "Élaboration et caractérisation d’oxydes de Titane de Morphologie Contrôlée : application à la Photodégradation de Polluants Organiques." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1077/document.
Full textTwo main objectives were achieved in the present work. The first objective concerns the elaboration of nanohybrid materials formed by combining titanium dioxide (in spherical or tubular form) with carbon allotropes (functionalized fullerene or graphene). The second objective consists in evaluating these different nanomaterials in the photodegradation of formic acid (FA) under UV irradiation. A beneficial effect of the different carbon allotropes on the photocatalytic activity of the resulting nanohybrids was observed and ascribed to an increased lifetime of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. In a first step, the elaboration method of functionalized fullerenes and their content were optimized leading to the development of nanomaterials showing improved photocatalytic properties compared to TiO2 nanotube alone. Textural properties, photoelectric properties and the FA degradation rate constant were correlated in order to determine the reasons for the photocatalytic activity improvement. In a second step, a detailed study about the development of a new generation of nanocomposites combining TiO2 nanotubes and graphene oxide (GO) was carried out. The degree of reduction of GO strongly influences the photocatalytic activity. Thus, the addition of reduced GO or GO to TiO2 nanotubes improves the intrinsic photodegradation performance of formic acid by facilitating the transfer of photoelectrons from the conduction band of TiO2 to graphene oxide. Finally, composite materials combining graphene oxide and various anatase/rutile compositions were analyzed showing a synergy between GO and the two TiO2 phases
Gao, Pengcheng. "Matériaux carbonés nanostructurés pour supercapacités électrochimiques." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20028/document.
Full textVarious nanostructured carbon materials were synthesized and further served as active materials of electrical double layer capacitor or substrates of pseudocapacitive materials in order to improve power capability of corresponding supercapacitor. On the one hand, a simple synthesis of porous silicon carbides (SiCs) was achieved by performing a topotactic thermal reduction by magnesium (Mg) of a silica/ carbon composite. Thanks to the low synthetic temperature (below 800 ºC), the SiCs well preserved the pristine skeletons of their silica/carbon precursors. Successively, the SiCs with diverse porous structures from their silica/carbon precursor emerged, e.g. ordered tunable mesoporous SiCs, 3D-hierarchical meso and macroporous SiC, SiC nanosheet and SiC nanofiber. Furthermore, the porous SiCs derived from magnesio-thermal reduction were reduced to hierarchical carbons with newborn narrow distributed microporosity by chlorination. In an organic electrolyte, the hierarchical carbon combines the high specific capacitance from narrow distributed microporosity and the outstanding rate capability from ordered-arranged meso or macroporosity that make it promising for high power and energy density capacitor. On the other hand, a “benzyl alcohol route” has been used to decorate RGO nanosheets with FeOx nanoparticles. The resulting FeOx/ RGO composite, due to their hybrid nanostructure, combine both EDLC capacitive and pseudocapacitive bahaviors of RGO and FeOx, respectively. Thanks to the laminated RGO and nano FeOx particles film, the resulting composite gains the same power capability as RGO and a higher energy density than raw FeOx. Furthermore, mesoporous carbon was introduced to adorn the CNF surface through self-assemble of resol, carbon nanofiber(CNF) and Pluronic@127. After further coating with birnessite-MnO2, the composite electrode gains extra capacitance and power improvement in presence of superficially coating mesoporous carbon with pore size larger than 10nm
Alrammouz, Rouba. "Conception et réalisation d’un système de détection de gaz à faible coût sur substrat flexible." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS134.
Full textCurrent concerns for environmental protection and public health focus on air quality in industries, cities and households. Nowadays, paper-based gas sensors are of increasing interest due to their low cost, biodegradability, flexibility and applications in e-textiles, e-dressings and e-packaging.Graphene oxide is a derivative of graphene with exceptional electrical, mechanical and thermal properties. Graphène oxide is a promising material for the development of low-cost room temperature gas sensors.In this context, this thesis aims to integrate a graphene oxide sensing layer inside a porous paper substrate for humidity and ammonia detection. The first part of this work focuses on the fabrication, functionalization and optimization of capacitive porous gas sensors on paper. A new local reduction process of graphene oxide into electrodes is introduced. The process is hot-plating, a low cost technique compatible with large scale productionThe second part of this work studies the humidity and ammonia sensing capabilities of the sensors. Graphene oxide on paper exhibits a high sensitivity towards ammonia, with humidity as an interfering gas. The local reduction of graphène oxide into electrodes, and its functionalization with zinc oxide increased the sensitivity and selectivity of the device towards humidity. The fabricated sensors exhibit a good repeatability, reproducibility and flexibility
Lagier, Laura. "Ecotoxicité comparative de l'oxyde de graphène et d'autres nanoparticules de carbone chez des organismes aquatiques modèles : d'une évaluation en conditions monospécifiques vers l'étude d'une chaîne trophique expérimentale." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30270/document.
Full textThe ecotoxicity of different carbon-based nanoparticles (CNPs) was assessed in freshwater organisms, especially in Xenopus laevis. The surface of the CNPs was shown to be the more relevant parameter to describe the growth inhibition in Xenopus, regardless of their allotropic form and their state of dispersion. Micronucleus induction was also studied in Xenopus and graphene oxide (GO) was found genotoxic at low dose. This result was in compliance with the study of genes expression. The involved toxicity mechanisms would be related to the oxidized functions of the CNP. Moreover, GO was also found responsible for genotoxicity in Pleurodeles waltl. and for teratogenicity, development delay and growth inhibition in Chironomus riparius. These organisms have finally been put together in a mesocosm, which has also led to genotoxicity in Pleurodeles in the presence of GO
Azevedo, Joël. "Assemblage contrôlé de graphène et de nanotubes de carbone par transfert de films de tensioactifs pour le photovoltaïque." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00846430.
Full textBourourou, Mariem. "Conception des bioélectrodes enzymatiques à base de nanomatériaux dans des piles à combustible et des capteurs." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAI043/document.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the development of a new class of freestanding nanostructured bioelectrodes mainly based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) Graphene oxide (GO) was also evaluated for its appropriateness for the treated bioelectrochemical approaches. The developed manufacturing processes forming CNTs slides (Buckypapers) or electrospun tissues also allow the confinement with additives like mediators or polymers. The optimization of the enzymatic connection of laccase, for O2 reduction on carbon nanotube arrays, and the polyphenol oxidase (PPO) for the electrochemical detection of enzymatically generated electroactive ortho-quinone was studied. Initially, direct electron transfer of laccase is optimized in a nanostructured CNTs matrix. We examined several approaches to immobilize and orient the laccase using anthraquinone derivatives while improving the catalytic performance of the biocathode. These immobilisation and orientation strategies on electrodes are performed by functionalization using pyrene-mono-Anthraquinone and pyrene-bis-anthraquinone. The second part of this thesis shows the preparation of another biocathode based on the indirect connection of laccase in nanostructured CNT buckypapers containing bis-pyrene-ABTS as a redox mediator and cross-linker, enhancing the mechanic stability of the buckypaper. The last part of this work was devoted to the production of nanofibers by electrospinning from two different blends: CNT / PAN and GO / PAN. Such fiber electrodes were used as bioelectrodes for bioanalytical applications and biological energy conversion
Moussa, Hatem. "Influence de l’association de quantum dots ZnO avec des ions Cu²+ sur leur (photo)toxicité. Nouveaux matériaux ZnO/rGO pour la photocatalyse solaire." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0036/document.
Full textIn recent years, tremendous advances in nanotechnology and materials science have led to the synthesis of many new nanoparticles without really knowing all the properties associated with their dimensions. The first part of our work aims to evaluate the risks and problems associated with nanomaterials, in terms of toxicity, using ZnO nanoparticles. We first studied the ability of these nanoparticles to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) under UV irradiation using three ZnO-based quantum dots (QDs) as models, ZnO, ZnO doped with Cu2+ ions and ZnO with chimisorbed Cu2+ ions at their periphery. The three QDs have a strong capacity of generating ROS but those modified with Cu2+ at their surface were found the be the highest producers. These dots were also found to inhibit more markedly the growth of the E. coli bacteria. The toxicity does neither depend on the amount of photo-generated ROS nor on the amount of Zn(+2) leaked by the QDs, thus indicating that a more complex mechanism should be considered. In a second part, we tried to improve the photocatalytic efficiency of ZnO nanorods by associating these nanomaterials with reduced graphene oxide (rGO). ZnO/rGO composites were prepared by a solvothermal method and applied for the photodegradation of Orange II used as model pollutant. Results obtained demonstrate that the ZnO/rGO photocatalyst is highly efficient under solar and under visible light irradiation and weakly sensitive to pH changes and to the presence of perturbators in the reaction medium. Finally, the photocatalyst is stable and can be reused up to ten times without significant loss of catalytic activity
Cazayus-Claverie, Emmanuelle. "Matériaux pour les batteries Li-AIR : nouvelles approches vers des nano-hétérostructures spinelles/graphène pour électrode à air." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066508/document.
Full textThis research work is focused on the design and characterisation of cobalt based oxides nanospinels anchored onto the surface of reduced graphene oxides (RGO) nanosheet, which will serve as bifunctional catalysts for the new generation lithium-air batteries. Whereas nanospinels are relatively simple to synthesize by conventional colloidal routes as nanoparticles dispersed into an aqueous solution, the synthesis we developed relies on a hydrothermal microwave treatment in the 100°C-200°C range. The main challenges of this nano-heterostructures synthesis was to create the interface between the nanoparticles and the RGO directly during the nanoparticles nucleation. RGO are very efficient microwave absorbers and could then convert microwave irradiation into heat in order to trigger precipitation of the spinel at the surface of the RGO sheet.Starting from Co3O4 as proof-of-concept material, the synthesis protocol has been successfully adapted to address binary oxides by substituting cobalt with first row transition metals such as nickel, manganese or iron. The precipitation of binary and ternary oxides was achievable thanks to a good understanding of the Pourbaix diagrams of all cations to adjust the acido-basic and redox conditions.Finally, the electrocatalytic activity of these supported spinel oxides was measured for both the oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions (ORR and OER). The gap between the ORR and the OER potentials was significantly lowered by the presence of Co3O4 nanoparticles on the RGO, thus assuring the reversibility of this catalytic system, which is to be integrated in future scale-up test
Lalitha, Anusha. "Modelling of MOF/Graphene oxide composites and their performances for CO2 capture." Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTS003.
Full textRecently, most of the research attention has been focused on controlling global warming resulting from the emission of greenhouse gases. The advantage of developing adsorbents for physisorption-based CO2 capture resides in the reduction of energy penalty and easier recyclability. Composite systems (MOF/GO) made from the assembly of graphene oxide (GO) with Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) together with tailored functionalities have been recently revealed as promising candidates to selectively adsorb CO2 over diverse gases including N2 and CH4. In this PhD, an innovative computational methodology integrating density functional theory calculations and force field-based molecular dynamics simulation has been applied to provide a first atomistic picture of the interactions at the MOF/GO interface with the main objective to characterize the nature of the interactions between the two components, the surface coverage, the GO conformation that all together are expected to play a key role in the compatibility of the composite. As a first step, a careful attention has been paid to develop a structural model for the GO containing –hydroxyl, -epoxy and –carboxylic groups consistent with the experimental observation on the C/O ratios. As a proof of concept, the zinc-based zeolite imidazole framework ZIF-8 has been considered and its MOF surface model has been taken from our previous work. The MOF/GO interface has been further built and detailed analysis of the MOF/GO interfaces has been generated. A systematic computational exploration of the impact of the nature of the MOFs as well as of the functionalization of GO has been further deployed. Subsequently, the adsorption and separation performances were modelled for these MOF/GO systems using Monte Carlo simulations. These computational findings were supported by experimental data collected within the frame of the H2020 EU GRAMOFON and paves way towards a more rationale development of mixed matrix membranes
Wang, Qian. "Carbon-based materials : application in electrochemical sensing." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10079/document.
Full textCarbon-based nanomaterials have attracted tremendous interest because of their potential applications in various fields. These materials are also considered ideal matrixes for the development of highly sensitive electrochemical based sensing platforms. In this thesis, vertically aligned nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube (VA-NCNT) electrodes, gold electrodes modified with cobalt hydroxide embedded carbon nanofibers (CNFs/Co(OH)2) through electrophoretic deposition, or copper nanoparticles loaded reduced graphene oxide (rGO/Cu NPs), as well as chemically formed gold nanoparticle decorated rGO (rGO/Au NPs) modified glassy carbon electrodes were developed, and their electrochemical and sensing capabilities were investigated. Modification of VA-NCNT electrodes with lysozyme aptamers resulted in a sensor with femtomolar sensitivity to lysozyme in serum and was successfully applied for the differentiation of healthy patients and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affected ones. rGO/Cu NPs and CNFs/Co(OH)2 coated gold electrodes showed excellent electro-catalytic oxidation behavior towards glucose and were employed as non-enzymatic glucose sensors for glucose determination in human serum. Non-enzymatic hydrogen peroxide detection was also achieved on rGO/Au NPs modified electrodes, where the matrix was formed using tyrosine as dual reductant of graphene oxide (GO) and Au salt
Nesser, Hussein. "Fabrication et caractérisation des MEMS composite pour la récupération d'énergie mécanique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0269/document.
Full textRecent advances in the field of organic MEMS have generated interest in the substitution of inorganic microbeams by organic ones for various applications. Until now, the use of electrostrictive materials is limited to the MEMS operating mostly in static mode. The electrostrictive response of organic MEMS is presented here for the first time in dynamic mode. One of the originality of this work is to produce a micro-mechanical energy harvester fabricated in an all-organic approach. In this thesis, strain sensitive nanocomposite materials based on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) dispersed in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) are used for mechanical vibratory energy harvesting with an electrostrictive transducer. With an acceleration of 1 g of the microcantilever base, actuation at the first resonant mode (≈ 17 Hz) generates an electrical power density of 8.15 μW/cm3
Föllmer, Marie. "Lignin fibres prepared by coagulation : a promising precursor for carbon fibres." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0238/document.
Full textCarbon fibres are currently used in composite materials for the aerospace, transportation and energy sectors. Their application in mass markets however is hindered by the high cost of the fibre raw materials. Therefore, alternative and inexpensive precursor materials are in high demand. Especially lignin, a widely abundant natural resource containing high quantities of carbon, is considered as an important candidate. So far, lignin fibres have mostly been prepared by melt-spinning and by blending with thermoplastic polymers to enhance their spinnability and mechanical properties, but strongly lowering their carbonization yields and raising their price. We propose lignin-based precursor fibres obtained through a continuous wet-spinning process. In combination with only small ratios of polyvinyl alcohol, highly flexible and infusible composite fibres, containing up to 70-90 % of industrial lignin, can be obtained.Our development enables us to manufacture carbon fibres in high yields which exhibit promising properties. Until now, lignin-based carbon fibres reported in literature do not reach the mechanical properties required for high-performance applications due to their amorphous carbon structure. However, by incorporation of liquid crystalline graphene oxide flakes or cellulose nanocrystals into our lignin precursor fibres, we are able to improve the orientation of the carbon planes obtained after carbonization. Our lignin-based fibre systems with enhanced structuration thus represent an important step towards the industrial implementation of lignin as “green” precursor material for low-cost and high-strength carbon fibres
Nesser, Hussein. "Fabrication et caractérisation des MEMS composite pour la récupération d'énergie mécanique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0269.
Full textRecent advances in the field of organic MEMS have generated interest in the substitution of inorganic microbeams by organic ones for various applications. Until now, the use of electrostrictive materials is limited to the MEMS operating mostly in static mode. The electrostrictive response of organic MEMS is presented here for the first time in dynamic mode. One of the originality of this work is to produce a micro-mechanical energy harvester fabricated in an all-organic approach. In this thesis, strain sensitive nanocomposite materials based on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) dispersed in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) are used for mechanical vibratory energy harvesting with an electrostrictive transducer. With an acceleration of 1 g of the microcantilever base, actuation at the first resonant mode (≈ 17 Hz) generates an electrical power density of 8.15 μW/cm3
Cazayus-Claverie, Emmanuelle. "Matériaux pour les batteries Li-AIR : nouvelles approches vers des nano-hétérostructures spinelles/graphène pour électrode à air." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2017PA066508.pdf.
Full textThis research work is focused on the design and characterisation of cobalt based oxides nanospinels anchored onto the surface of reduced graphene oxides (RGO) nanosheet, which will serve as bifunctional catalysts for the new generation lithium-air batteries. Whereas nanospinels are relatively simple to synthesize by conventional colloidal routes as nanoparticles dispersed into an aqueous solution, the synthesis we developed relies on a hydrothermal microwave treatment in the 100°C-200°C range. The main challenges of this nano-heterostructures synthesis was to create the interface between the nanoparticles and the RGO directly during the nanoparticles nucleation. RGO are very efficient microwave absorbers and could then convert microwave irradiation into heat in order to trigger precipitation of the spinel at the surface of the RGO sheet.Starting from Co3O4 as proof-of-concept material, the synthesis protocol has been successfully adapted to address binary oxides by substituting cobalt with first row transition metals such as nickel, manganese or iron. The precipitation of binary and ternary oxides was achievable thanks to a good understanding of the Pourbaix diagrams of all cations to adjust the acido-basic and redox conditions.Finally, the electrocatalytic activity of these supported spinel oxides was measured for both the oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions (ORR and OER). The gap between the ORR and the OER potentials was significantly lowered by the presence of Co3O4 nanoparticles on the RGO, thus assuring the reversibility of this catalytic system, which is to be integrated in future scale-up test
Vacchi, Isabella Anna. "Controlled chemical functionalization of graphene oxide." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAF053.
Full textGraphene oxide is a promising nanomaterial thanks to its physicochemical characteristics. However, until today its exact composition remains still unknown. This is due to the complexity and non-stoichiometric character of this material.We started by investigating the surface composition of graphene oxide and its reactivity. We used differently synthesized samples to explore the relationship between the synthesis method and the surface composition. Furthermore, we functionalized graphene oxide with a chelating agent of radionuclides to study its biodistribution, and the impact of the lateral size. Afterwards, we tried different strategies for multifunctionalization with the aim to combine different properties. We observed that the dispersibility of graphene oxide often decreased after functionalization. Thus, we developed a highly water-stable graphene oxide sample by grafting awater-soluble polymer on its surface. Finally, we explored and improved the characterization methods for graphene oxide. Athorough investigation using different characterization techniques is fundamental to understand the modifications that the material underwent
Binti, Mohd Firdaus Achutan Rabita. "Graphène chimiquement modifié et auto-assemblé comme adsorbant pour des applications en environnement." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0275.
Full textIdeal or pristine graphene is a single atom-thick layer of sp² hybridized carbon atoms. Besides, graphene can also be seen in other forms as graphene derivatives, including graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Our study demonstrated that GO is suitable to be used as starting material and can also be chemically and physically activated to be used as an adsorbent for CO₂ capture. In addition, three-dimensional (3D) graphene materials have recently gained a great deal of interest due to their ability to preserve the intrinsic properties of 2D graphene sheets while providing advanced functions that improve performance in a wide range of applications, especially, environmental remediation. Thus, the next section of this study describes the process of developing 3D graphene based monoliths (GBMs) and chemically modified the prepared porous 3D GBMs by using atomic layer deposition (ALD) of alumina (Al₂O₃), which offers advantages such as precursor diffusion, no contamination, phase control, and the ability to deposit nanoparticles or nanofilms. Further, to better understand the characteristics of the developed materials, some standard and advanced characterization techniques (e.g.; TEM/STEM/EELS on thin lamellas prepared by FIB) have been selected to study the surface chemistry and structural properties of the chemically modified 3D GBM hybrids. Lastly, the 3D Al₂O₃ / GBM hybrid developed by ALD was tested for Congo red dye adsorption, and it showed increased adsorption capacity than pristine 3D GBMs, owing to the favourable interactions between the alumina surface and Congo red
Diot, Guillaume. "Étude de l'interface oxyde de graphène / 1-eicosyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide par la procédure des films de Langmuir : influence de l'ajout d'or dans la sous-phase." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS628.
Full textSupercapacitors based on ionic liquid (IL) as electrolyte and graphene as electrode are promising devices. They have a large number of charge-discharge cycles much faster than the current batteries but suffer from low energy storage density. The addition of gold nanoparticles between graphene sheets and IL appears promising to improve their performances. We use the Langmuir film method, a procedure for studying layers and interfaces on a water surface under various physico-chemical conditions, to study the graphene oxide (GO)/IL interface. We use the ionic liquid [C20mim]+[NTf2]- and graphene oxide (capable of forming a stable film on the surface of the water). We use irradiation of the surface by X-rays coupled with the addition of HAuCl4 3H2O gold salt in the sub-phase to form by radiolysis gold nanoparticles under the organic film. The objective of this thesis is to study the formation of the interface between graphene oxide and ionic liquid without and in the presence of gold nanoparticles at the interfaces. In this goal, we use a solvent common to both species: NMP. Then, depositing the film on a sub-phase formed by a solution of gold, we use surface radiolysis by X-rays to form gold nanoparticles in contact with this film. We therefore first studied the influence of the solvent NMP on pure films of ionic liquid and graphene oxide. We have demonstrated the presence of residual NMP in the IL film that influences the formed structures. NMP was shown to be a solvent capable of forming a stable film of graphene oxide at the air/water interface. Thus, the NMP will be considered in the organization of the interfaces for the mixed film. We then studied the mixed films of IL and GO. We showed that the organization of the IL depended on the nature of the two interfaces surrounding its monolayer. At low surface pressure, the GO sheets partially cover the IL monolayer adsorbed to the water surface. IL monolayer is in a disorderly phase whether or not it is covered by GO sheets. At high pressure, part of the IL migrates above the GO sheets. We see a coexistence between two structures formed by the IL, a hexagonal 2D monolayer structure and a multilayer structure organized in a monoclinic network. We then used surface radiolysis to form gold nanoparticles in contact with the organic film. The sub-phase used is then a solution of gold ions. We show that there are two regimes depending on the quantity of gold in the sub-phase. For a quantity of gold ions less than 500 times that of IL molecules deposited on the surface, we observe the formation of gold nanoparticles. For a quantity of gold greater than or equal to 500 times the quantity of molecules of IL, the formation of gold nanoparticles takes place only at surface pressures lower than that of the collapse of the film. Above this surface pressure, we no longer observe the formation of gold nanoparticles but the appearance of a triclinic structure. This results from the substitution of the anion of the IL by the gold ion. Finally, we studied the effects of irradiation on a mixed GO-IL film deposited on a gold solution. The film adopts a combination of the behaviors observed on mixed IL-GO films deposited on water and pure IL and OG films on gold solution. At low pressure, we find the structural behaviour observed on pure water but the presence of residual NMP induces the formation of gold nanoparticles. At high pressure, IL molecules no longer cover GO sheets. We observe the appearance of the triclinic structure as well as gold nanoparticles always attributed to the presence of residual NMP
Mathur, Shashank. "Croissance et structure à l'échelle atomique d'un nouveau matériau cristallin bidimensionnel à base de silicium et d'oxygène." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAY019/document.
Full textSilicon oxide is a widely abundant compound existing in various forms from amorphous to crystalline, bulk to porous and thin films. It is a common dielectric in microelectronics and widely used host for nanoparticles in heterogenous catalysis. Its amorphous nature and the ill-defined complex three dimensional structure is a hurdle to the understanding of its properties down to the smallest scales. Resorting to epitaxially grown ultra-thin phase (also called a two-dimensional material) can help overcome these issues and provide clear-cut information regarding the structure and properties of the material.In this thesis, studies were aimed at growing this promising novel phase of silicon oxide. Using surface science tools, including scanning tunelling microscopy (STM) and reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) supported by density functional theory calculations, the atomic structure was resolved to high resolution. The monolayer was found to have a hexagonal arrangement of the [SiO4] tetrahedra chemisorbed on the surface of Ru(0001) into specific sites. This lattice of monolayer silicon oxide was also found to coexist with an oxygen reconstruction of the bare Ru(0001) inside each silicon oxide cell.The growth of this monolayer was monitored in real-time by in operando RHEED studies. These experiments provided with insights the domain size evolution and the build up/release of strain field during the growth that. Based on the experimental observations, a growth mechanism leading to the formation of monolayer silicon oxide could be proposed in terms of geometrical translations of the atomic species on the surface of Ru(0001) support. This mechanism results in unavoidable formation of one-dimensional line-defects that were precisely resolved by the STM
Gao, Zhengfeng. "Multifunctional 2D nanomaterials for antibacterial and anticancer applications." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAF033.
Full textGraphene oxide (GO) and δ-FeOOH, notable for their biocompatibility, high surface area, and ease of functionalization, show promising potential for biomedical applications, specifically in combating bacterial infections and treating cancer.This thesis explored the synthesis, functionalization, and applications of these two-dimensional (2D) materials. The first project concerned functionalizing GO with antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) using the Click chemistry to enhance its antibacterial activity, with one strategy using branched polymers proving to be particularly effective in enhancing the antibacterial efficacy. The second project attempted to improve the antibacterial effectiveness of GO by attaching to its structure quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs). However, this approach failed to exceed the efficacy of the single individual components. The third project explored the use of δ-FeOOH and its derivatives in Fentonlike reactions for potential cancer therapies. Overall, the research explored in this Thesis emphasizes the need to optimize the functionalization strategies to balance the biocompatibility and the efficiency, while also exploring the capabilities of novel iron-based 2D materials in biomedical application
Ries, Lucie. "Functionalized two-dimensional (2D) MoS2 nanosheets as building blocks for water purification membranes." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ENCM0009.
Full textMembrane separation technology plays an important role in various fields including water treatment, chemicals and gas separation for numerous industrial fields, and food processing. There has been a renewed focus on two-dimensional(2D) materials for membrane application since their atomic thicknessand confined interlayer spacing could theoretically lead to enhanced separative performances. Either the single nanosheets themselves, or the stackingof multiple sheets can form selective membranes. The multilayer assembly of single nanosheets – forming nanolaminate membranes – creates 2D capillaries(or nanochannels) that can efficiently sieve chemical species depending ontheir size.Recent examples have been reported in the literature demonstrating the potential of 2D materials as multi- or single-layer membranes for molecular sieving(222; 260; 466; 204), gas separation (219; 246; 190), energy harvesting (467)and water desalination (198; 194).Among the different building blocks of nanolaminate membranes made of two-dimensional materials (2D), graphene oxide (GO) has been studied as a candidate for molecular sieving via size-limited diffusion in the 2D capillaries (222). Unfortunately the high hydrophilicity of GO nanosheets makes GO membranes unstable in water, while the poor control of the capillary width between the nanosheets limits the water permeance of the membranes. Other 2D materials such as exfoliated nanosheets of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs)constitute attractive platforms for the realization of nanolaminate membranes.Recent works carried out on nanolaminate membranes made of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) have demonstrated improved stability (3). Within this thesis we have studied the performance of a novel type of MoS2 nanolaminate membranes with well-controlled surface chemistry of the nanosheets (14). Inorder to assess the role of surface chemistry, we explored the impact of covalent functionalization on molecular sieving toward water purification (i.e. desalination and micropollutant removal) (14). Our results open novel directions to finely tune the sieving behavior of membranes based on 2D materials
Guemiza, Hazar. "Electrodes à base d'oxyde de graphène réduit - Polymères (liquides ioniques) pour des supercondensateurs performants." Electronic Thesis or Diss., CY Cergy Paris Université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024CYUN1293.
Full textThis thesis aims to develop flexible all-solid-state supercapacitors (SCs) for energy storage systems. For this purpose, reduced graphene oxide was selected to be used as an active material and associated with different poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) in rGO-PIL composites. The first part of this study focuses on the elaboration of rGO-PIL electrodes using conventional liquid electrolytes. Electrochemical measurements show that the presence of 10% of PIL enhances the capacitance to 80 F.g-1. The second part of this study focuses on the development of solid-state SCs. Hence PILs and a new family of polyelectrolytes obtained via the complex conservation of oppositely charged PILs called Dynamic Ion Gels was developed. Such DIGs can be a potential candidate as a safe and solid-state electrolyte as well as an ionic/polymeric intercalant agent for layered 2D materials., ensuring highly conducting continuity through the hole device. The elaboration of rGO-PIL, rGO-DIG electrodes and their association with PIL and DIGs electrolyte was elaborated. The best performances were obtained when using DIGs as electrolyte. The fabricated cell can efficiently operate at high temperatures above 80°C (28 F.g-1) with the strong enhancement of specific capacitance compared to the values at room temperature (10 F.g-1) and without any risk of liquid leakage which is not commonly obtained with conventional solvent. All these solid electrolytes can operate at an elevated potential window (2 V). Finally, the supercapacitors were made on flexible current collectors and different bending measurements were elaborated at elevated temperatures. This work demonstrated the great potential of using solid-state electrolytes which ensures safety and good performance at elevated temperatures
Ibrahim, Helen. "Study of (C20mim) + (NTf2) - ionic liquid Langmuir films mixed with graphene oxide sheets or deposited on aqueous gold ion subphases and irradiated by grazing incidence X-rays." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS109.
Full textSupercapacitors based on graphene oxide (GO) and ionic liquid (IL) are emerging as promising devices for energy storage. However, due to the limited access of electrolyte ions (IL) to the electrode (GO), they still lack the desired energy density. In this context, we aimed to determine the physico-chemical conditions for the formation of the IL/GO(electrolyte/electrode) interface. We used Langmuir procedure to form such an interface, study it by π-A isotherms, atomic force microscopy, and surface X-ray scattering. We show that the film is spontaneously formed of the stacking of two layers L1/L2 on the air-water interface. L1 is in contact with water and is formed of tilted IL molecules. L2 is in contact with air and is formed of GO sheets covered with lying IL molecules. Through the film’s compression, some IL molecules migrate from L1 to L2and get organized in a 2D lattice. The results show that the configuration of the IL/GO interface in L1 differs from that in L2. This finding indicates that the IL/GO interaction is not unique but depends on the interaction of IL with the interface on which it is located (air, water...). The introduction of gold nanoparticles (NPs) to supercapacitors proved to improve their performance. We therefore studied the IL film deposited on aqueous subphases containing gold ions and attempted to form gold nanostructures by surface X-ray radiolysis using the film as a template. We show that there is a threshold concentration of gold ions for the appearance of a superstructure. Its formation prevents the reduction of ions. The conditions for its appearance remain unclear. Below the threshold concentration, 15 nm gold NPs are formed
Muschi, Mégane. "Composites à base de metal-organic frameworks pour la capture du CO2." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. https://pastel.hal.science/tel-03003433.
Full textIn order to face global warming, the capture of anthropogenic CO2 is of prime importance as renewable energies cannot yet satisfy our current energy needs. Several technologies are being studied, such as the use of solid sorbents. Among these, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) offer interesting properties including their good affinity for CO2. In industrial processes, once CO2 has been captured, a regeneration of the material is needed to make the overall process economically viable. This regeneration step is usually achieved by heating the material, leading to CO2 desorption, however this is a high energy process. To minimize the energy required, the regeneration should be as fast as possible without hampering the sorbent’s properties. During this thesis, the main objective was to develop new MOF/graphene oxide microporous composites as efficient CO2 sorbents that can be easily regenerated under microwave irradiation. Microwave irradiation enables to reach the required desorption temperature much faster and limits the risk of degradation of the porous materials. Additionally, new core-shells of flexible MOFs have been synthesized for an optimized CO2 capture under wet conditions
Gomez, Cano Francisco Javier. "Influence of graphene oxide (GO) on TiO2-GO nanostructures applied to water pollution control." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Le Mans, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LEMA1011.
Full textGrowing environmental concerns have focused research efforts on the development of nanomaterials suitable for water pollution control applications. In this context, graphene oxides (GOs) and their hybrid nanostructures combining TiO2 nanoparticles have been synthesized to exploit processes such as adsorption and photocatalysis for the removal of organic pollutants from water. The work carried out analyses the influence of the physicochemical properties of GOs, and in particular their oxidation degree, on the structural, electronic, and photoactivity properties of TiO2-GO hybrid nanocomposites. Hybrid nanostructures based on TiO2 and GO were prepared by high-energy milling and photosonication, and complementary characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction, Raman spectrometry, SEM/TEM electron microscopy, FT-IR, XPS, and EPR electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy were applied. An in-depth analysis of the experimental results obtained on selective TiO2-GO nanocomposites highlighted the evolution of the physicochemical and morphological properties of the nanostructures as a function of the controlled GO oxidation conditions. Furthermore, theoretical studies using DFT revealed the correlation between the variations of the electronic bandgap and the concentration of functional groups in the GO material. The adsorption and photocatalysis phenomena of the different TiO2-GO compositions were investigated by degradation of methylene blue (MB) dyes with remarkable efficiency. The same experimental approach, which was then studied on biological organisms such as microalgae through the degradation of associated by-products, underlines the interdisciplinary nature of this work. Thus, by systematically studying the oxidation levels of GO and the techniques used to prepare nanocomposites, the work carried out contributes to a deeper understanding of the physicochemical characteristics of TiO2-GO nanocomposites and optimizes their properties and characteristics for efficient photocatalytic activity applied to water purification
La creciente preocupación por el medio ambiente ha centrado los esfuerzos de investigación en el desarrollo de nanomateriales adecuados para aplicaciones de control de la contaminación del agua. En este contexto, se han sintetizado óxidos de grafeno (GOs) y sus nanoestructuras híbridas combinando nanopartículas de TiO2 para explorar procesos como la adsorción y la fotocatálisis para la eliminación de contaminantes orgánicos del agua. El trabajo realizado analiza la influencia de las propiedades fisicoquímicas de los GOs, y en particular su grado de oxidación, sobre las propiedades estructurales, electrónicas y de fotoactividad de los nanocomposites híbridos TiO2-GO. Las nanoestructuras híbridas basadas en TiO2 y GO se prepararon mediante molienda de alta energía y fotosonicasión, y se aplicaron técnicas complementarias de caracterización como difracción de rayos X, espectrometría Raman, microscopía electrónica SEM/TEM, FT-IR, XPS y espectroscopia de resonancia paramagnética electrónica EPR. Un análisis en profundidad de los resultados experimentales obtenidos sobre nanocompuestos selectivos de TiO2-GO puso de manifiesto la evolución de las propiedades fisicoquímicas y morfológicas de las nanoestructuras en función de las condiciones de oxidación controlada del GO. Además, los estudios teóricos mediante DFT revelaron la correlación entre las variaciones del bandgap y la concentración de grupos funcionales en el GO. Los fenómenos de adsorción y fotocatálisis de las diferentes composiciones de TiO2-GO se investigaron mediante la degradación de colorantes azul de metileno (MB) con notable eficacia. El mismo enfoque experimental, que luego se estudió en organismos biológicos como las microalgas mediante la degradación de los subproductos asociados, subraya el carácter interdisciplinario de este trabajo. Así, mediante el estudio sistemático de los niveles de oxidación del GO y de las técnicas empleadas para la preparación de nanocomposites, el trabajo realizado contribuye a profundizar en el conocimiento de las características fisicoquímicas de los nanocomposites TiO2-GO y a optimizar sus propiedades y características para una eficiente actividad fotocatalítica aplicada a la depuración de aguas
Bonatout, Nathalie. "Etude des films de Langmuir d'oxyde de graphène, de liquides ioniques et des systèmes mixtes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2017PA066291.pdf.
Full textGraphene and ionic liquids are intensively studied, respectively as electrolyte and as electrode materials, for the development of supercapacitors. In this framework, the characterization between the two species is essential. We realized such kind of interfaces through the Langmuir film procedure and characterized them at different scales, using isotherm measurements, Brewster Angle and Atomic Force Microscopies, and surface X-ray scattering. We studied films formed by different ionic liquids, by graphene oxide and finally by a mixture of the two species. The study on the pure ionic liquids evidences the role of the cation on the film organization at the air-water interface, for the monolayer as well as for the tridimensional phase. Moreover, we showed that the graphene oxide films are composed of a bilayer of sheets à the interface, even at low surface densities. Finally, regarding the mixed film, we observed a vertical segregation of the species for high enough surface pressures. The film is formed by a first layer in contact with the water surface, mostly composed of graphene oxide sheets parallel to the interface, on which a second layer is superimposed, composed of disorganized ionic liquid domains
Squillaci, Marco. "Supramolecular engineering of optoelectronic sensing devices." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAF051/document.
Full textThis thesis explores the use of supramolecular chemistry principles to fabricate novel and high performances gas sensing devices, featuring (opto)-electronic readouts. Within the different sections, diverse scaffolds such as 2D and 3D hybrid networks of gold nanoparticles and 1D supramolecular nanofibers are exploited as active materials for the quantitative detection of environmental humidity. In the last section, 2D layers of reduced graphene oxide are fabricated by IR laser exposure and, as a proof-of-concept application, they are exploited as active materials for the detection of ozone in ppm concentration. Each of the presented scaffolds rely on a different transduction mechanism but, in all the cases, the interactions between the receptors and the analytes are based on dynamic non-covalent bonds
Khomarloo, Niloufar. "Development of nanofiber-based gas sensors for the detection of respiratory diseases." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILN024.
Full textGas sensors are designed to detect the presence or concentration of various gases in the atmosphere. They are used in environmental monitoring, industrial safety, medical diagnostics, and smart home devices. Gas sensors utilize various methods to measure gas concentrations, including optical, electrochemical, catalytic, and semiconductor techniques. The shape and size of gas sensors can vary depending on factors such as the type of gas they are designed to detect, sensitivity, selectivity, and energy consumption.Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a widely used metal oxide semiconductor for gas sensors, particularly for detecting nitrogen oxides (NO and NO2) in the air.Despite decades of research, several challenges remain in detecting gases using metal oxides like ZnO. These challenges include the need for high operating temperatures (typically between 300 and 500°C) to activate the gas detection mechanism. MOGs often exhibit low selectivity for NO and NO2 due to sensitivity to interference from other gases in the environment. Additionally, they may have low sensitivity when detecting gases at low concentrations, affecting their effectiveness in scenarios requiring precise measurements. Another notable issue is the relatively slow response and recovery times of MOGs, affecting their real-time reactivity. Concerns have also been raised about the poor stability and reliability of these sensors over long periods. The scientific community is actively addressing these challenges by researching ways to improve the operational efficiency, selectivity, sensitivity, and long-term stability of MOGs. These efforts are crucial for advancing the application of these sensors in various fields, from environmental monitoring to medical diagnostics and industrial safety. Electrospinning is a promising technique for producing nanofiber structures, which enhances the surface area available for gas interaction. This technique improves sensitivity and selectivity due to the special structure of nanofibers. The morphology of nanofibers promotes gas molecule adsorption on the surface, enhancing sensor response even at lower gas concentrations. Producing ZnO-based composite materials is a promising strategy to enhance detection performance. This approach improves sensitivity and selectivity for specific gases through the synergistic effect between the composites and reduces the operating temperature of the MOG. This is achieved by facilitating charge transfer and gas detection mechanisms at the p-n junction. Composite materials also enhance the stability and repeatability of MOGs by mitigating the influence of humidity, oxygen, and other interfering gases. Despite the various methodologies employed to improve MOGs, there remains a notable research gap in exploring morphological changes in ZnO nanofiber structures for NO and NO2 detection and their impact on enhancing MOG performance. The present study pursued two specific objectives to refine detection capabilities. First, the investigation focused on the role of ZnO nanofiber structure, specifically examining parameters such as diameter and thickness. The aim was to enhance NO sensitivity by highlighting how variations in these structural attributes influence detection performance.Second, the study aimed to reduce the operating temperature of MOGs. This goal was achieved by introducing reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as a composite material alongside ZnO. The primary objective was not only to lower the operating temperature but also to maintain optimal response and recovery times. Using rGO with ZnO aimed to balance, ensuring enhanced sensitivity to NO and NO2 without compromising the sensor's ability to provide rapid and accurate responses.This dual approach aims to advance gas detection technologies, focusing on optimizing ZnO nanofiber structures and utilizing composite materials to enhance MOG performance
Bonatout, Nathalie. "Etude des films de Langmuir d'oxyde de graphène, de liquides ioniques et des systèmes mixtes." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066291/document.
Full textGraphene and ionic liquids are intensively studied, respectively as electrolyte and as electrode materials, for the development of supercapacitors. In this framework, the characterization between the two species is essential. We realized such kind of interfaces through the Langmuir film procedure and characterized them at different scales, using isotherm measurements, Brewster Angle and Atomic Force Microscopies, and surface X-ray scattering. We studied films formed by different ionic liquids, by graphene oxide and finally by a mixture of the two species. The study on the pure ionic liquids evidences the role of the cation on the film organization at the air-water interface, for the monolayer as well as for the tridimensional phase. Moreover, we showed that the graphene oxide films are composed of a bilayer of sheets à the interface, even at low surface densities. Finally, regarding the mixed film, we observed a vertical segregation of the species for high enough surface pressures. The film is formed by a first layer in contact with the water surface, mostly composed of graphene oxide sheets parallel to the interface, on which a second layer is superimposed, composed of disorganized ionic liquid domains
Leite, Rubim Rafael. "Graphene oxide sheets confined within anisotropic fluid matrices." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0209/document.
Full textSince the discovery of graphene oxide (GO), the most accessible of the precursors of graphene, this material has been widely studied for applications in science and technology. The motivation of this work is to study with a fundamental perspective the coupling between amphiphilic bilayers, which can be seen as an anisotropic matrix formed of two-dimensional objects, and another two-dimensional object, namely the graphene oxide sheet when they are dispersed in a common solvent. The competition between the intrinsic elasticities of the bilayers and GO sheets, as well as between direct bilayer-bilayer, bilayer-GO and GO-GO interactions allows us to envisage a rich polymorphism, depending on the composition of the system. Following the development of a dedicated procedure for controlling in an extended range of GO content the binary GO-water system, the confined domain of aqueous GO dispersions was first investigated, and the ternary phase diagram then constructed. The obtained systems have been characterised, using techniques such as optical microscopy, light and x-ray scattering. Elastic and thermodynamic properties have been described by applying, and adapting to the scope of this study, models for two-component lamellar stacks
Desde sua descoberta, o grafeno oxidado (GO), o mais acessível dos precursores do grafeno,tem sido amplamente utilizado para aplicações na ciéncia e tecnologia. A motivação destetrabalho é de estudar, de um ponto de vista fundamental, o acoplamento entre bicamadas anfifílicas auto-organizadas (que podem ser vistas como uma matriz anisotrópica formada por objetos bidimensionais) e um objeto ele mesmo bidimensional, neste caso a folha de óxido de grafeno, quando estão dispersados em um solvente comum.A competição entre as elasticidades intrínsecas das bicamas e das folhas de GO, assimcomo as interaçãoes diretas bicamada-bicamada, bicamada-GO e GO-GO, permitem esperar um rico polimorfismo em função da composição do sistema. Seguindo o desenvolvimento de um procedimento destinado ao controle, em um intervalo extendido da quantidade de GO, o sistema binário GO-água, o domínio confinado de dispersões aquosas de GO foi explorado e, em seguida, o diagrama de fases ternário contruído.Os sistemas obtidos foram caracterizados por t_ecnicas como microscopia ótica, espalhamento dinâmico de luz e espalhamento de raios-x à baixos ângulos. As propriedadeselásticas e termodinâmicas foram descritas pela aplicação de modelos inicialmente concebidos para fases lamelares à dois constituintes e adaptados ao escopo deste estudo
Loczechin, Aleksandra. "Les nanomatériaux en carbone : des alternatives antibactériennes et antivirales." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I117.
Full textIncreasing antibiotic resistance and limited development of new drugs necessitate the search for alternative strategies to eradicate bacterial infections. Similar problems are faced in the development of antiviral therapeutics, due to the constant emergence of new viruses and their ability to escape therapy by genetic mutations. This work investigates the potential antibacterial and/or antiviral activity of carbon-based nanostructures such as diamond nanoparticles and carbon quantum dots (CQDs) as well as reduced graphene oxide (rGO) in combination with cryogels. CQDs formed by hydrothermal synthesis from 4-aminophenylboronic acid as the carbon precursor showed to be efficient in the inhibition of the viral attachment of human coronavirus HCoV-229E-Luc to cells with an EC50 of 5.2±0.7 µg mL-1. Mechanistic studies suggest that the CQDs are acting at the early stage of virus infection as well at the viral replication step. In parallel, we took advantage of the multivalent character of CQDs as well as nanodiamonds and modified them with short synthetic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Tests of these nanostructures against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli pathogens showed increased antibacterial activity when compared to AMPs alone. In the case of rGO combined with cryogels loaded with AMPs, bacterial eradication was achieved efficiently and on-demand using near-infrared light as external trigger to release AMPs
Gonzalez, Ortiz Dánae. "DEVELOPMENT OF POROUS MEMBRANES FROM EMULSIONS STABILIZED BY 2D NANOPARTICLES (h-BNNS)." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ENCM0006/document.
Full textEmulsions stabilized through the adsorption of colloidal particles at the liquid-liquid interface have been of interest in a wide variety of applications, ranging from pharmaceutical or food products to templates for the preparation of new materials. In this thesis, oil-in-water (O/W) and water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions are efficiently stabilized using colloidal inorganic particles (graphene oxide (GO) and hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets (h-BNNS)). The adsorption of particles to the oil-water interface is induced by adjusting the particle wetting behavior in the liquid media. Two types of emulsions, O/W and W/O are formed by using two-dimensional materials possessing different hydrophilic behaviors. The conditions required to reach the most stable emulsion using two different types of particles at different formulations are investigated. The final microstructures of the mixtures are tailored by adjusting the initial composition of emulsion. The use of high concentration of particles leads to enhanced stability of particles-stabilized emulsions. h-BNNS based emulsions were reported in this work for the first time and their behavior was deeply investigated. Furthermore, a novel green approach to obtain polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based porous membranes was reported. In this case, the addition of PVA to the emulsion increases its long term stability and allows its shaping using conventional technologies such as casting. The polymer composites obtained from emulsions stabilized with inorganic particles exhibit microporosity, showing typical pore dimensions of 0.19 ± 0.03 µm or 1.1 ± 0.3 µm depending on the curing time. These obtained porous membranes display good performance in water permeability and particle rejection. Membranes displaying a pore size about 1.1 µm showed water permeability about 2000 L/h m2 bar, and a rejection rate of 86 % with particles of the same size than the pores
Paradisi, Andrea. "Ultra-high carrier modulation in two dimensions through space charge doping : graphene and zinc oxide." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066297/document.
Full textCarrier modulation is an important parameter in the study of the electronic phase transitions and the electronic properties of materials and at the basis for many applications in microelectronics. The tuning of charge carrier density (doping) can be achieved chemically, by adding foreign atoms to the crystal structure of the material or electrostatically, by inducing a charge accumulation like in a Field Eect Transistor device. The latter method is reversible and particularly indicated for use in two dimensional (2D) materials or ultra-thin films. Space Charge Doping is a new technique invented and developed during this thesis for the electrostatic doping of such materials deposited on a glass surface. A space charge is created at the surface by causing sodium ions contained in glass to drift under the Eect of heat and an external electric field. This space charge in turn induces a charge accumulation in the material deposited on the glass surface which can be higher than 10^14/cm^2. Detailed characterization using transport, Hall effect, Raman and AFM measurements shows that the doping is reversible, ambipolar and does not induce chemical changes. It can be applied to large areas as shown with CVD graphene. In a second phase the space charge doping method is applied to polycrystalline ultra-thin films (< 40 nm) of ZnO_(1-x). A lowering of sheet resistance over 5 orders of magnitude is obtained. Low temperature magneto-transport measurements reveal that doped electrons are confined in two dimensions. A remarkable transition between weak localization and anti-localization isobserved as a function of doping and temperature and conclusions are drawn concerning the scattering phenomena governing electronic transport under different conditions in this material
Miranda, Munoz Cristian David. "Heterogeneous acid catalysts in the etherification of glycerol with tert-butyl alcohol and isoamyl alcohol." Thesis, Poitiers, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019POIT2272.
Full textDifferent heterogeneous acid solids based on zeolites and sulfonated graphene oxides have been evaluated as catalysts in the etherification of glycerol with tert-butyl alcohol. The zeolites used in this study, such as mordenite, faujasite, beta and H-ZSM5, were compared to study the effect of pore structure and size, as well as the size of the crystal in the conversion of glycerol and the selectivity towards the di and tri-tert-butyl ether of glycerol. The results showed that, in a liquid phase reaction sensitive to diffusion limitations, the porous zeolite network is not sufficient to predict activity, selectivity and stability. The accessibility to the pore must be taken into account according to its internal volume. The zeolites *BEA and MFI have similar pore volumes, but the difference in the opening of the pores (more than 1 Å) is sufficient to generate strong diffusion limitations in the case of the medium pore zeolite. The activity of the zeolite * H-BEA is proportional to the concentration of the Brønsted acid site as long as the size of the crystals is less than 100 nm (without limitation of internal diffusion). In the case of faujasite with supercages, successive etherification is preferred.In the second series of catalysts, the graphene oxide was obtained by the modified Hummers method and its subsequent reduction by three different routes: i - hydrazine, ii - Zn/HCl and iii - ascorbic acid. Graphene oxide has a different C/O ratio at the surface. Finally, these last solids were functionalized using sulfanilic acid, generating new Brønsted acid sites. Catalytic tests have shown that, regardless of the graphene oxide, the conversion of glycerol is greater than that obtained with Amberlyst® (A-15), which is the reference catalyst for this reaction. The selectivity after 10 hours of reaction is also comparable to that of A-15. This study has shown that the control of the hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance is very important because it depends on the amount of oxygenated groups on the surface.Regarding the mechanism of reaction, it turned out to be different in both cases, favoring Eley-Rideal (ER) in the reaction with zeolites, whereas, in the case of graphene oxides, a mechanism of type Langmuir-Hinshelwood (LH) predominates. Finally, zeolite Beta, Amberlyst® 15 and sulfonated graphene oxide have been evaluated as catalysts in the etherification of glycerol with isoamyl alcohol. The results show that the activation of the primary alcohol is more difficult in the "moderate" conditions of the reaction studied than with that of tert-butyl alcohol. On the other hand, it has been found that the self-etherification of isoamyl alcohol (to form isoamyl ether) favors the etherification of glycerol
Paradisi, Andrea. "Ultra-high carrier modulation in two dimensions through space charge doping : graphene and zinc oxide." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066297.
Full textCarrier modulation is an important parameter in the study of the electronic phase transitions and the electronic properties of materials and at the basis for many applications in microelectronics. The tuning of charge carrier density (doping) can be achieved chemically, by adding foreign atoms to the crystal structure of the material or electrostatically, by inducing a charge accumulation like in a Field Eect Transistor device. The latter method is reversible and particularly indicated for use in two dimensional (2D) materials or ultra-thin films. Space Charge Doping is a new technique invented and developed during this thesis for the electrostatic doping of such materials deposited on a glass surface. A space charge is created at the surface by causing sodium ions contained in glass to drift under the Eect of heat and an external electric field. This space charge in turn induces a charge accumulation in the material deposited on the glass surface which can be higher than 10^14/cm^2. Detailed characterization using transport, Hall effect, Raman and AFM measurements shows that the doping is reversible, ambipolar and does not induce chemical changes. It can be applied to large areas as shown with CVD graphene. In a second phase the space charge doping method is applied to polycrystalline ultra-thin films (< 40 nm) of ZnO_(1-x). A lowering of sheet resistance over 5 orders of magnitude is obtained. Low temperature magneto-transport measurements reveal that doped electrons are confined in two dimensions. A remarkable transition between weak localization and anti-localization isobserved as a function of doping and temperature and conclusions are drawn concerning the scattering phenomena governing electronic transport under different conditions in this material
Adán, Mas Alberto. "Advanced metal graphene composite electrodes for a new generation of electrochemical energy storage devices." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0181/document.
Full textSupercapacitors are the focus of much research at the present time. They offer a potential solution for reversible energy storage in the fields of space, aircrafts or transportation (hybrid vehicles). An important research line, aiming at increasing both energy and power densities, is devoted to asymmetric transition metal oxides / activated carbon (C) systems. RuO2-based devices exhibit the highest capacitance, more than 700 F/g, but their cost limits the applications to small electronic devices. Less expensive oxides such as cobalt oxides (especially Co3O4), MnO2, V2O5, Fe3O4, NiO, Ni(OH)2, as well as electrically conducting polymers, have been extensively studied in the past decades, or used in commercial devices; they EACH exhibit each drawbacks and advantages with regard to applications. But no system has been investigated as much as the C/MnO2 one, which is particularly interesting because it can work in aqueous media at tensions up to 2 V, and high stability in ageing has been demonstrated. Nevertheless, the performances of the system, especially in terms of power density, are limited by the poor electronic conductivity of MnO2. This problem is usually solved by simply mixing conductive carbon materials (carbon black, CNTs…) with MnO2 or by developing more elaborated grafting or decoration strategies. The combination of oxide and carbonaceous species is widely reported in the literature, whereas combining oxides with different natures is less frequently encountered. We propose in this project to synthesize and develop original materials enhancing, through a synergistic effect, the interesting properties of manganese, cobalt and nickel oxide/hydroxide, the drawbacks of each component being overbalanced by the good complementary properties of the other components. We aim at gathering in one single material (or composite), the good pseudocapacitive behavior of manganese, the good electronic conductivity associated to cobalt oxides, the high capacity of nickel hydroxide, as well as the enhanced conduction properties of carbon. The present PhD project aims at designing and manufacturing new classes of hybrid composite electrodes based on assemblies of graphene (for enhanced double layer capacitance) and porous transition metals oxides (for additional faradaic capacitance due to multiple reversible redox processes) directly applied on metallic current collectors. The combined advantages of graphene with those of transition metals oxides will enable supercapacitors with high energy density, working in environmentally friendly aqueous electrolytes, which are an acknowledged need
A procura crescente de energia em setores distintos, como residencial, transporte e industrial, bem como a proliferação de fontes renováveis de produção de energia, exigem novos e mais eficientes dispositivos de armazenamento de energia. Consequentemente, tem-se observado um interesse crescente na produção e engenharia de materiais para armazenamento de energia. Muito dos esforços de R&D estão centrados no desenvolvimento de materiais nanoestruturados que possam responder aos requisitos da aplicação, tais como densidade de energia, densidade de potência e estabilidade face à ciclagem do dispositivo. Presentemente são muitos os materiais investigados como potenciais candidatos para elétrodos para dispositivos de armazenamento de energia por via eletroquímia, nomeadamente baterias, condensadores, pseudocondensadores ou supercondensadores. O objetivo do presente trabalho é produzir e estudar novos materiais com uma resposta eletroquímica intermédia entre um elétrodo típico de supercondensador e um elétrodo típico de bateria, também conhecidos como elétrodos híbridos. Por essa razão, selecionaram-se hidróxidos e óxidos de níquel e cobalto devido à sua elevada atividade eletroquímica e baixo custo. Estes materiais foram combinados com derivados de grafeno, que exibem alta condutividade e elevada área superficial ativa. Portanto, este trabalho foca a síntese e caracterização fisico química e eletroquímica de hidróxidos e óxidos de níquel-cobalto nanoestruturados e sua combinação com óxido de grafeno reduzido para aplicações de armazenamento de energia. A síntese foi efectuada por duas vias distintas: eletrodeposição e exfoliação. A eletrodeposição é usada para obter hidróxidos e óxidos de níquel-cobalto em combinação com óxido de grafeno reduzido. Os resultados evidenciam um efeito sinérgico quando o óxido de grafeno reduzido é combinado com o (hidr)óxido de níquel- cobalto, isto é, um aumento na capacidade, condutividade e estabilidade do compósito quando comparado com o (hidr)óxido de níquel-cobalto. Neste trabalho é dada especial atenção à espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica que foi utilizada para avaliar os fenômenos que ocorrem durante a carga e descarga contínua e compreender os processos que ocorrem no material ativo e que resultam na sua degradação. O hidróxido de níquel-cobalto é também preparado por exfoliação, em meio aquoso, por meio da intercalação de lactato, enquanto o tetra-butilamónio é utilizado na exfoliação do óxido de níquel-cobalto. A resposta eletroquímica é avaliada em diferentes eletrólitos após reconstrução. Os resultados revelam a influência das espécies intercaladas durante o processo de exfoliação: quando a exfoliação é realizada para fins de armazenamento de energia, as espécies intercaladas e a força da interação com o material ativo devem ser consideradas de antemão para evitar o bloqueio superficial ou inibição da interação elétrodo-eletrólito. Os resultados mostraram que a exfoliação é uma rota promissora para aumentar a área de superfície ativa dos materiais, um parâmetro crítico no desempenho eletroquímico dos materiais dos eletrodos. Nesta dissertação é também estudado o mecanismo de carga-descarga do hidróxido de níquel-cobalto, que ainda não está completamente entendido. Assim, compreender esse mecanismo é um passo crítico para otimizar a morfologia e o desempenho do material e para projetar futuros dispositivos de armazenamento de energia. Para esclarecer os processos que ocorrem durante a carga, aplica-se o modelo de Mott-Schottky foi aplicado parade modo a avaliar a variação da conductividade do material e da sua capacidade na interface elétrodo-eletrólito. [...]
Guimont, Aline. "Greffage de polydimethylsiloxane et de polyéthylène sur des feuillets de graphène oxydé : application à la synthèse de (nano)composites conducteurs." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10028/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis was to experiment and validate new means of graphene exfoliation in an elastomer matrix such as silicone (PDMS) and a thermoplastic matrix such as polyethylene (PE). Because of the low affinity of graphene oxide for these matrices due to its high polarity, its chemical modification was carried out. Different approaches were explored: the grafting of PDMS onto GO was carried out with success by a direct functionalization with a PDMS terminated triethoxysilane and by a catalytic hydrosilation reaction of a PDMS terminated Si-H onto vinyltrimethoxysilane modified GO. The viscoelastic behavior of GO and modified GO/PDMS suspensions showed the importance of the filler-filler interaction on the formation of a percolating network. The rheological percolation threshold of the GO/PDMS suspension was obtained at ~1.75 wt% with an aspect ratio (Af) of ~60. In addition, the grafting of PE onto GO was studied with the high temperature radical grafting of pentadecane formed by a hydrogen atom abstraction with a peroxide, which was then extrapolated to a low molecular PE (Mn~2000). Moreover, thio and azide functionnalized PE with a similar Mn were also grafted onto graphite derivatives by a radical and a Michael addition. After choosing the filler which presented the closest electrical conductivity to the one of graphite powder and a good affinity for a heptane media, a LDPE based nano-composite that presented suitable electrical properties for an electromagnetic shielding application (4 105 Ω.cm at 25 wt%) was obtained and this without any use of toxic reducing agents
Kahlouche, Karima. "Microsystème pour la nanomédecine : application aux maladies nosocomiales et à la détection des agents pathogènes." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCD069/document.
Full textThe purpose of this work concerns the study and development of an electrochemical sensor for both quantitative and selective detection of biological analytes at the nanoscale. It is divided into two parts after a presentation of the state of the art on nosocomial diseases and electrochemical sensors. First, we have developed a specific protocol based on the localized functionalization of the working microelectrode by electrophoretic deposition. The strategy is based on the localizedfunctionalization of the working microelectrode by electrophoretic deposition of reduced graphène oxide / polyethyleneimine (rGO / PEI) to amplify the detection signal. The microsystem built in a clean room has been successfully tested for the selective detection of dopamine with a detection limit of 50 nM. In addition, the microsystem showed good performance in detecting dopamine levels.Then, we have also used the same electrode platform at a larger scale (mm) for the specific and selective detection of the immunological sensor which has demonstrated its effectiveness in distinguishing the UTI89 E. Coli wild-type strain of UTI89 Δfim (without operon), with a detection limit of 10. cfu mL-1. In addition, the concept of rGO / PEI modified electrode by covalent modification with pathogenic antibodies is general and can be easily transposed to any other pathogenic species, making the approach very versatile and generic.The sensor works in aqueous, serum and urinary media, which is essential for its potential use in clinical diagnosis of pathogenic diseases
Nyangiwe, Nangamso Nathaniel. "Graphene based nano-coatings: synthesis and physical-chemical investigations." Thesis, UWC, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3237.
Full textIt is well known that a lead pencil is made of graphite, a naturally form of carbon, this is important but not very exciting. The exciting part is that graphite contains stacked layers of graphene and each and every layer is one atom thick. Scientists believed that these graphene layers could not be isolated from graphite because they were thought to be thermodynamically unstable on their own and taking them out from the parent graphite crystal will lead them to collapse and not forming a layer. The question arose, how thin one could make graphite. Two scientists from University of Manchester answered this question by peeling layers from a graphite crystal by using sticky tape and then rubbing them onto a silicon dioxide surface. They managed to isolate just one atom thick layer from graphite for the first time using a method called micromechanical cleavage or scotch tape. In this thesis chemical method also known as Hummers method has been used to fabricate graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide. GO was synthesized through the oxidation of graphite to graphene oxide in the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid and potassium permanganate. A strong reducing agent known as hydrazine hydrate has also been used to reduce GO to rGO by removing oxygen functional groups, but unfortunately not all oxygen functional groups have been removed, that is why the final product is named rGO. GO and rGO solutions were then deposited on silicon substrates separately. Several characterization techniques in this work have been used to investigate the optical properties, the morphology, crystallography and vibrational properties of GO and rGO.
Ferrah, Djawhar. "Etude des propriétés physico-chimiques d'interfaces par photoémission." Thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ECDL0048/document.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis is to study the chemical and physical properties at the surface or at the interface between thin layers by photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), photoelectron diffraction (XPD), and time resolved photoemission (PTR) . The experiments were conducted using an Alka source at INL or soft -X ray synchrotron radiation at Soleil, the French national Synchrotron facility. The first photoemission study has been performed on platinum deposited on thin Gd2(h layers grown by Molecular Bearn Epitaxy (MBE) on Si (111) substrate. The charge transfer between Pt and 0 at the interface causes a chemical shift to higher binding energies without changing the characteristic shape of the metal XPS peak. The XPD study shows that Pt is partially crystallized into two (111)-oriented do mains on Gd20 3 (111) with the in-plane epitaxial relationships [11 0] Pt (111) / / [11 0] Gd203 (111) and [101] Pt(111)/ / [11 0] Gd20 3 (111). In addition to bi-domains formation of platinum Pt (111) on Gd20 3 (111), a new ordered phase of platinum oxide Pt02 at the Pt/ Gd203 interface have been observed. The study of the background of the polar curves depending of the morphology has shown, that the film of Pt does not wet on the oxide, due to the low energy of interaction at the interface compared to the Pt thin layer. The second study has been interested to the photoemission time-resolved study of non-reactive metal / semiconductor model system. We have studied the thin layer gold (Au) growth on silicon (Si) substrate before and during annealing in TEMPO beam line (synchrotron Soleil).The XPS study, shows before annealing the formation of silicon native oxide on heterostructure at ambient temperature. The desorption of silicon oxide during annealing at low temperature induce photoemission intensity decreases with time. The desorption of oxide and alloy formation (AuSi) induce distribution of pits with cubic form at silicon surface due to gold etching activity. The third photoemission study has concerned thin films of a few layers of graphene obtained by solid-state graphitization from 6H-SiC (0001) substrates have been studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray photoelectron diffraction (XPD). The Cls core-level has been resolved into components, which have been associated with carbon from bulk SiC, carbon from graphene and carbon at the interface graphene/ 6H-SiC (0001). Then, the intensity of each of these components has been recorded as a function of polar (azimuth) angle for several azimuth (polar) angles. These XPD measurements provide crystallographic information which clearly indicates that the graphene sheets are organized in graphite-like structure on 6H-SiC(0001), an organization that results of the shrinking of the 6H-SiC (0001) lattice after Si depletion. Finally the decoupling of graphene from 6H-SiC (0001) substrate by oxygen intercalation has been studied from the XPS point of view. Finally, photoemission study has concerned thin film of InP (phosphor indium ) islands grown by Molecular Bearn Epitaxy (MBE) on SrTi03 (001) bulk substrate have been investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and diffraction (XPS/ XPD).Integration of III-V semi-conductor on silicon wafer, via SrTi03 buffer is currently the subject of intense research because of its potentially interesting applications in future nano-optoelectronics. The Ols, Sr3d, Ti2p, In3d, and P 2p core level area have been studied as function of azimuth angle for different polar angles. Comparison of the XPD azimuth curves of Sr3d and In3d shows that islands InP are oriented (001) with an in-plane epitaxial relationship [110] InP(001 ) // [100] SrTi03 (001). AFM images shows that InP islands are regularly dispersed on the surface. Their shape is a regularly facetted half-sphere
Arbuzov, A. A., V. E. Muradyan, and B. P. Tarasov. "Synthesis of Few-layer Graphene Sheets via Chemical and Thermal Reduction of Graphite Oxide." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35063.
Full textSokolov, Denis A. "Investigation of Graphene Formation from Graphite Oxide and Silicon Carbide." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53642.
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