Journal articles: 'Oxygen Industrial applications'

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Liu, Xi, Yulia Ryabenkova, and Marco Conte. "Catalytic oxygen activation versus autoxidation for industrial applications: a physicochemical approach." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 17, no. 2 (2015): 715–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cp03568b.

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Till, Marc, and Ovidiu Marin. "Numerical simulation of oxygen-enriched combustion in industrial processes." Progress in Computational Fluid Dynamics, An International Journal 3, no. 1 (2003): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/pcfd.2003.003766.

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Johansen, Katja S. "Discovery and industrial applications of lytic polysaccharide mono-oxygenases." Biochemical Society Transactions 44, no. 1 (February 9, 2016): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20150204.

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The recent discovery of copper-dependent lytic polysaccharide mono-oxygenases (LPMOs) has opened up a vast area of research covering several fields of application. The biotech company Novozymes A/S holds patents on the use of these enzymes for the conversion of steam-pre-treated plant residues such as straw to free sugars. These patents predate the correct classification of LPMOs and the striking synergistic effect of fungal LPMOs when combined with canonical cellulases was discovered when fractions of fungal secretomes were evaluated in industrially relevant enzyme performance assays. Today, LPMOs are a central component in the Cellic CTec enzyme products which are used in several large-scale plants for the industrial production of lignocellulosic ethanol. LPMOs are characterized by an N-terminal histidine residue which, together with an internal histidine and a tyrosine residue, co-ordinates a single copper atom in a so-called histidine brace. The mechanism by which oxygen binds to the reduced copper atom has been reported and the general mechanism of copper–oxygen-mediated activation of carbon is being investigated in the light of these discoveries. LPMOs are widespread in both the fungal and the bacterial kingdoms, although the range of action of these enzymes remains to be elucidated. However, based on the high abundance of LPMOs expressed by microbes involved in the decomposition of organic matter, the importance of LPMOs in the natural carbon-cycle is predicted to be significant. In addition, it has been suggested that LPMOs play a role in the pathology of infectious diseases such as cholera and to thus be relevant in the field of medicine.

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Colson, A., and E. Fano. "Filtration of Gaseous or Liquid Oxygen in Industrial Applications and Associated Fire Risks." Journal of ASTM International 3, no. 4 (2006): 13537. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jai13537.

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Ezbiri, M., A. Reinhart, B. Huber, K. M. Allen, A. Steinfeld, B. Bulfin, and R. Michalsky. "High redox performance of Y0.5Ba0.5CoO3−δ for thermochemical oxygen production and separation." Reaction Chemistry & Engineering 5, no. 4 (2020): 685–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9re00430k.

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Adamenkov, A. A., V. V. Bakshin, A. V. Bogachev, E. V. Buryak, L. A. Vdovkin, S. D. Velikanov, B. A. Vyskubenko, et al. "Test bench for studying the outlook for industrial applications of an oxygen—iodine laser." Quantum Electronics 37, no. 7 (July 31, 2007): 601–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/qe2007v037n07abeh013617.

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Kubannek, Fabian, Thomas Turek, and Ulrike Krewer. "Modeling Oxygen Gas Diffusion Electrodes for Various Technical Applications." Chemie Ingenieur Technik 91, no. 6 (May 7, 2019): 720–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.201800181.

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Brezinová, Janette, Anna Guzanová, Jana Tkáčová, Jakub Brezina, Kristína Ľachová, Dagmar Draganovská, Filip Pastorek, Pavlo Maruschak, and Olegas Prentkovskis. "High Velocity Oxygen Liquid-Fuel (HVOLF) Spraying of WC-Based Coatings for Transport Industrial Applications." Metals 10, no. 12 (December 14, 2020): 1675. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10121675.

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In this article, we analyse five types of coatings, in terms of their microstructure, hardness, porosity, and wear resistance, in the as-sprayed state. The coatings are WC-based (WC-FeCrAl, WC-WB-Co, and WC-NiMoCrFeCo), alloy-based (Co-MoCrSi), or nanoWC coating-based (nanoWC-CoCr). Two tests were applied to assess the wear resistance of the coatings: a dry-pot wear test with two impact angles and an abrasive test using an abrasive cloth with two grit sizes. Porosity was determined by image analysis. Vickers impression was performed on cross-sections of the coatings, in order to determine their indentation fracture toughness. The highest hardness of the tested coatings was recorded for the nanoWC coating, followed by the rest of the WC-based coatings; meanwhile, the lowest hardness was recorded for the alloy coating. Minimal porosity was achieved by the alloy coating, due to its different nature and the absence of hard particles with a higher melting point. The NanoWC coating and other WC-based coatings had a higher porosity; however, porosity did not exceed 1% for each coating. The best wear resistance was achieved by the nanoWC coating, followed by the other WC-based coatings, with the lowest obtained by the alloy coating. The same tendency was recorded when determining the indentation fracture toughness. From a microscopic point of view, the structure of the evaluated coatings is not compact; nevertheless, their properties are excellent, and they act as compact coatings under load.

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Le, Nhan Trong, Nguyen Tran Huu Nguyen, and Pham Le Song Ngan. "Generic framework for industrial 4.0 applications based on internet of things." Science & Technology Development Journal - Engineering and Technology 3, SI1 (November 9, 2020): First. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjet.v3isi1.513.

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The Internet of Things (IoTs) is a network of interconnected devices, transportations, home appliances, and other devices. They are functionally embedded in electronics, software, sensors, actuators, and connectivity that allows them to connect and exchange information. On the basis of the IoT concept, implementations are gradually being proposed in a range of areas, ranging from smart house, smart office and smart agriculture. In this research paper, a generic framework for smart monitoring applications based on the IoTs network is proposed. In this framework, low-powered sensor nodes are based on the micro:bit platform, providing a multiple footprints for different sensor connections. The wireless capability on micro:bit provides a complete solution to deploy the system in such places that wire is impractical to draw. The data is wirelessly gathered by a basestation node that is powered by Android Things operating system provided by Google. This operating system is based on the Android platform for smart devices and Internet of Things products. The approach to this framework indicates a low cost and minimum setup and especially amenable for applications control. To support many applications with minimum modifications, the framework is designed for easy expansion by supporting popular serial connection ports, including the Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter and Serial Peripheral Interface. With these connections, on one line data bus, several sensors can be added to match the different application requirements. In this paper, our platform is validated for an automatic water monitoring in aquaculture based on the temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen sensory data. Through our framework, the data is uploaded to a cloud for remote monitoring and providing alarms for users whenever the data is out of a predefined safe domain.

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Ipsen, Johan Ø., Magnus Hallas-Møller, Søren Brander, Leila Lo Leggio, and Katja S. Johansen. "Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases and other histidine-brace copper proteins: structure, oxygen activation and biotechnological applications." Biochemical Society Transactions 49, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 531–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20201031.

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Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are mononuclear copper enzymes that catalyse the oxidative cleavage of glycosidic bonds. They are characterised by two histidine residues that coordinate copper in a configuration termed the Cu-histidine brace. Although first identified in bacteria and fungi, LPMOs have since been found in all biological kingdoms. LPMOs are now included in commercial enzyme cocktails used in industrial biorefineries. This has led to increased process yield due to the synergistic action of LPMOs with glycoside hydrolases. However, the introduction of LPMOs makes control of the enzymatic step in industrial stirred-tank reactors more challenging, and the operational stability of the enzymes is reduced. It is clear that much is still to be learned about the interaction between LPMOs and their complex natural and industrial environments, and fundamental scientific studies are required towards this end. Several atomic-resolution structures have been solved providing detailed information on the Cu-coordination sphere and the interaction with the polysaccharide substrate. However, the molecular mechanisms of LPMOs are still the subject of intense investigation; the key question being how the proteinaceous environment controls the copper cofactor towards the activation of the O-O bond in O2 and cleavage of the glycosidic bonds in polysaccharides. The need for biochemical characterisation of each putative LPMO is discussed based on recent reports showing that not all proteins with a Cu-histidine brace are enzymes.

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Wei, Yaoguang, Yisha Jiao, Dong An, Daoliang Li, Wenshu Li, and Qiong Wei. "Review of Dissolved Oxygen Detection Technology: From Laboratory Analysis to Online Intelligent Detection." Sensors 19, no. 18 (September 16, 2019): 3995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19183995.

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Dissolved oxygen is an important index to evaluate water quality, and its concentration is of great significance in industrial production, environmental monitoring, aquaculture, food production, and other fields. As its change is a continuous dynamic process, the dissolved oxygen concentration needs to be accurately measured in real time. In this paper, the principles, main applications, advantages, and disadvantages of iodometric titration, electrochemical detection, and optical detection, which are commonly used dissolved oxygen detection methods, are systematically analyzed and summarized. The detection mechanisms and materials of electrochemical and optical detection methods are examined and reviewed. Because external environmental factors readily cause interferences in dissolved oxygen detection, the traditional detection methods cannot adequately meet the accuracy, real-time, stability, and other measurement requirements; thus, it is urgent to use intelligent methods to make up for these deficiencies. This paper studies the application of intelligent technology in intelligent signal transfer processing, digital signal processing, and the real-time dynamic adaptive compensation and correction of dissolved oxygen sensors. The combined application of optical detection technology, new fluorescence-sensitive materials, and intelligent technology is the focus of future research on dissolved oxygen sensors.

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Santos, Alex A. B., Ednildo A. Torres, and Pedro A. P. Pereira. "Critical evaluation of the oxygen-enhanced combustion in gas burners for industrial applications and heating systems." Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society 22, no. 10 (October 2011): 1841–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-50532011001000003.

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Ren, Jyh-Yih, Yiqun Fan, Fokion N. Egolfopoulos, and Theodore T. Tsotsis. "Membrane-based reactive separations for power generation applications: oxygen lancing." Chemical Engineering Science 58, no. 3-6 (February 2003): 1043–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2509(02)00646-2.

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Muñoz, R. A., J. E. Rodriguez, C. Santos, and Cosme Roberto Moreira Silva. "Quantitative Phases Determination of Zirconia Ceramics via Rietveld Method." Materials Science Forum 660-661 (October 2010): 989–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.660-661.989.

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Industrial applications of partially stabilized zirconia (PSZ) has increased substantially recently, considering its excellent thermal stability, strength and ionic conductibility. Its main application includes oxygen sensors and fuel cells. In this work zirconia ceramic powder is produced by Pechini process, mixing citric acid and ethylene glycol, adding yttrium and zirconium precursors. All the process was carried out with complete agitation. The obtained powder after this procedure is heat treated at 650°C during two hours. Characterization was performed by infra-red spectroscopy, x-ray diffractometry and quantitative analysis by Rietveld Method. The results show tetragonal and monoclinic phases, with nanometric crystallite.

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Liang, Hanzhuang, Floriana Suriawidjaja, and Michael Szuch. "Anaerobic adhesive jetting for micro-electronics packaging applications." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2015, DPC (January 1, 2015): 000726–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2015dpc-tp32.

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Anaerobic fluid has been used as an industrial adhesive to seal or bond metal components for both large and small scales. Its use has recently extended to micro-electronics packaging. This novel application brings challenges to the dispensing process due to part handling at micro-scale dimensions and high production throughput. Most high-precision dispensers have fluid paths that are constructed of metal components to ensure product robustness and enable dimensional precision of micro-scale parts. This is incompatible with anaerobic adhesives which cure in the absence of oxygen and utilize metal ions as the catalyst. Furthermore curing accelerates with smaller gaps. A non-contact jetting solution has been developed and applied in production environment to dispense anaerobic adhesives with precise volume control, at high speed, and in continuous operation. Dispensing can be optimized to include a range of hardware dimensions, component surfaces, fluid handling, and process control.

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Dobslaw, Christine, and Bernd Glocker. "Plasma Technology and Its Relevance in Waste Air and Waste Gas Treatment." Sustainability 12, no. 21 (October 29, 2020): 8981. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12218981.

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Plasma technology is already used in various applications such as surface treatment, surface coating, reforming of carbon dioxide and methane, removal of volatile organic compounds, odor abatement and disinfection, but treatment processes described in this context do not go beyond laboratory and pilot plant scale. Exemplary applications of both non-thermal plasma and thermal plasma should underline the feasibility of scale-up to industrial application. A non-thermal plasma in modular form was built, which is designed for up to 1000 m³∙h−1 and was successfully practically tested in combination of non-thermal plasma (NTP), mineral adsorber and bio-scrubber for abatement of volatile organic components (VOCs), odorous substances and germs. Thermal plasmas are usually arc-heated plasmas, which are operated with different plasma gases such as nitrogen, oxygen, argon or air. In recent years steam plasmas were gradually established, adding liquid water as plasma gas. In the present system the plasma was directly operated with steam generated externally. Further progress of development of this system was described and critically evaluated towards performance data of an already commercially used water film-based system. Degradation rates of CF4 contaminated air of up to 100% where achieved in industrial scale.

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Czyzewska, Katarzyna, and Anna Trusek. "Encapsulated catalase from Serratia genus for H2O2 decomposition in food applications." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 20, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2018-0052.

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Abstract The recombinant catalase isolated from a psychrotolerant microorganism belonging to Serratia genus exhibits a high activity in a wide range of pH. Due to a great catalytic potential in operational conditions, it can be used in various industrial applications whereby it acts as a hydrogen peroxide scavenger. To reduce the cost of biocatalyst the enzyme encapsulation into a hydrogel structure was proposed. The obtained results showed a high activity of encapsulated catalase in acidic conditions (pH in range 4.4 - 6.6) and at low temperatures (6-15°C). Moreover, immobilized catalase exhibited a high stability in natural media, especially in milk. Its activity during peroxide decomposition in milk, the possibility of re-using, as well as the fixed bed reactor performance confirmed wide application possibilities. High values of enzyme and substrate concentrations led to the beads burst due to rapid oxygen diffusion from the capsules, thus they are limited.

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Weber, W. J., and E. J. LeBoeuf. "Processes for Advanced Treatment of Water." Water Science and Technology 40, no. 4-5 (August 1, 1999): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0569.

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A case-oriented approach is used to illustrate developments and applications of biological and physicochemical technologies, either alone or in sequenced arrays, for advanced treatment to facilitate reuse of water in a range of environmental scenarios. Examples cited include chemical oxidation processes for removal of color and oxygen demand from textile mill effluents, sequential anaerobic/aerobic biological treatment of recalcitrant and inhibitory organic compounds in ammunition plant wastewaters, separation and recovery of organic solvents from mixed industrial waste streams, remediation of contaminated subsurface waters, membrane treatment of effluents from secondary biological wastewater treatment plants, and integrated bio-membrane treatment of industrial and municipal wastewaters. The paper provides an overview of methods and applications for source waters of various qualities. It concludes with a generalized guide to technology selection based upon specific water characteristics.

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Kinsella, Karen, Chad M. Nelson, John R. Haigis, Martin D. Carangelo, Marie B. Ditaranto, and James R. Markham. "High Temperature Oxygen Index Instrument with Quantitative FT-IR Gas Analysis." Journal of Fire Sciences 13, no. 3 (May 1995): 197–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073490419501300303.

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A bench-scale instrument has been constructed which provides a fire hazard and combustion product profile of polymers and composites used in advanced construction. Novel to the instrument is that a standardized test of material flammability (oxygen index) can be measured as a function of sample exposure temperature up to 800°C. Sample mass loss is measured concur rently ; and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy is used for on-line quantification of evolved gas species during heating, burning, and smoldering of the sample. The instrument has applications for industrial quality control of the fire characteristics of processed materials, and research and development of new building materials. This article describes the instrument and presents measurement results for several materials.

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Kumi, Andy G., Mona G. Ibrahim, Mahmoud Nasr, and Manabu Fujii. "Biochar Synthesis for Industrial Wastewater Treatment: A Critical Review." Materials Science Forum 1008 (August 2020): 202–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1008.202.

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Excess sludge generated from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) can cause negative impacts on human health, water bodies, aquatic plants, and soil quality. However, the produced sludge could be appropriately managed to obtain various economic and environmental benefits. One of the feasible and practical options of sludge management is the synthesize of biochar via oxygen-limited pyrolysis. The use of biochar adsorbent for pollutant removal offers various advantages such as high adsorption capability, low operating and chemical costs, no production of toxins. Hence, this study addresses the applications of sewage sludge-derived biochar for industrial wastewater treatment. The methods of sludge collection, drying, pulverization, and pyrolysis are illustrated. Biochar characterization methods (SEM, EDX, XRD, and FTIR analyses) and mechanisms of the adsorption process are described. The sludge-derived biochar could be used as an adsorptive material for industrial effluent treatment. Recommendations for future studies that could enhance the adsorption capacity of biochar and modified-biochar are given.

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Czerwinski, Frank. "Semisolid Processing of Magnesium Alloys: Progress and Limitations." Solid State Phenomena 285 (January 2019): 489–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.285.489.

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An application of semisolid processing to magnesium alloys is described, emphasizing both the fundamental aspects and up-to-date successful industrial applications. The key advantages of the semisolid route are discussed, including longer tool life, tighter dimensional tolerances and better process consistency. The particular attention is paid to reduced temperature of semisolid processing, providing common benefits for magnesium alloys due to their high affinity to oxygen, requiring an expensive protection and leading otherwise to ignition and burning. Major microstructural factors controlling properties of magnesium alloys after semisolid processing are considered. It is concluded that although the reduced temperature results in higher part integrity, it does not create beneficial microstructural characteristics converting to substantially improved mechanical properties.

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Riza, Ion, and Constantin Gheorghe Opran. "Methods and Special Functions Bessel and Kummer Applied in Composites Diffusion Modelling." Materials Science Forum 957 (June 2019): 465–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.957.465.

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The oxygen diffusion is a natural phenomenon and a main factor during the atmospheric corrosion process. The phenomenon of oxygen diffusion takes place in the environment with different consequences: vital in medicine in relation with the oxygen diffusion in the blood, or negative in technical or industrial domains with catastrophic consequences due to corrosion. Diffusion modelling with applications for the analysis of the metal-composite interface, being subjected to corrosion in atmospheric environment for hybrid polymer structural composite products, is carried out with two remarkable equations: Fick’s second law or heat equation and the convective variant and the parabolic equation which introduces the diffusion coefficient in function of distance. In this paper we determine the solution of these equations using different mathematical methods. The state of oxygen concentration, modelled with partial derivatives, obtained theoretically, through oxides and metal layers, is experimentally validated in a practical case.

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Padil, Vinod Vellora Thekkae, Stanisław Wacławek, and Miroslav Černík. "Green Synthesis: Nanoparticles and Nanofibres Based on Tree Gums for Environmental Applications." Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 23, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 533–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eces-2016-0038.

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AbstractThe recent advances and potential applications of nanoparticles and nanofibres for energy, water, food, biotechnology, the environment, and medicine have immensely conversed. The present review describes a ‘green’ method for the synthesis and stabilization of nanoparticles and ‘green electrospinning’ both using tree gums (arabic, tragacanth, karaya and kondagogu). Furthermore, this review focuses on the impending applications of both gum stabilized nanoparticles and functionalized membranes in remediation of toxic metals, radioactive effluents, and the adsorptive removal of nanoparticulates from aqueous environments as well as from industrial effluents. Besides, the antibacterial properties of gum derivatives, gum stabilized nanoparticles, and functionalized electrospun nanofibrous membranes will also be highlighted. The functionalities of nanofibrous membranes that can be enhanced by various plasma treatments (oxygen and methane, respectively) will also be emphasized.

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Huang, Jijiang, Wen Liu, and Yanhui Yang. "Phase interactions in Mg-Ni-Al-O oxygen carriers for chemical looping applications." Chemical Engineering Journal 326 (October 2017): 470–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2017.05.176.

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Asakura, Kazuma, and Jiwang Yan. "Water Repellency Control of Oxygen-Free Copper Surface by Diamond-Cut Micro Grooves." International Journal of Automation Technology 9, no. 4 (July 5, 2015): 396–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2015.p0396.

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Improving water repellency of a metal surface is required in a wide range of industrial applications. In this study, the water repellency control of an oxygen-free copper surface was attempted by generating micro V grooves on the surface by using ultraprecision cutting technology. The results showed that the maximum contact angle of a water drop on a micro V-grooved surface could be as high as approximately twice that of a flat surface. The contact angle depended strongly on the direction, depth, pitch of the grooves, and burr formation at the edges of the micro grooves. A method for controlling burr formation was proposed.

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Jiang, Jinhuan, Jiang Pi, and Jiye Cai. "The Advancing of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications." Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications 2018 (July 5, 2018): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1062562.

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Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are used in an increasing number of industrial products such as rubber, paint, coating, and cosmetics. In the past two decades, ZnO NPs have become one of the most popular metal oxide nanoparticles in biological applications due to their excellent biocompatibility, economic, and low toxicity. ZnO NPs have emerged a promising potential in biomedicine, especially in the fields of anticancer and antibacterial fields, which are involved with their potent ability to trigger excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, release zinc ions, and induce cell apoptosis. In addition, zinc is well known to keep the structural integrity of insulin. So, ZnO NPs also have been effectively developed for antidiabetic treatment. Moreover, ZnO NPs show excellent luminescent properties and have turned them into one of the main candidates for bioimaging. Here, we summarize the synthesis and recent advances of ZnO NPs in the biomedical fields, which will be helpful for facilitating their future research progress and focusing on biomedical fields.

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Zhou, Gege, Wentong Geng, Lu Sun, Xue Wang, Wei Xiao, Jianwei Wang, and Ligen Wang. "Influence of Mixed Valence on the Formation of Oxygen Vacancy in Cerium Oxides." Materials 12, no. 24 (December 5, 2019): 4041. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12244041.

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Ceria is one of the most important functional rare-earth oxides with wide industrial applications. Its amazing oxygen storage/release capacity is attributed to cerium’s flexible valence conversion between 4+ and 3+. However, there still exists some debate on whether the valence conversion is due to the Ce-4f electron localization-delocalization transition or the character of Ce–O covalent bonds. In this work, a mixed valence model was established and the formation energies of oxygen vacancies and electronic charges were obtained by density functional theory calculations. Our results show that the formation energy of oxygen vacancy is affected by the valence state of its neighboring Ce atom and two oxygen vacancies around a Ce4+ in CeO2 have a similar effect to a Ce3+. The electronic charge difference between Ce3+ and Ce4+ is only about 0.4e. Therefore, we argue that the valence conversion should be understood according to the adjustment of the ratio of covalent bond to ionic bond. We propose that the formation energy of oxygen vacancy be used as a descriptor to determine the valence state of Ce in cerium oxides.

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Flytzani-Stephanopoulos, Maria. "Nanostructured Cerium Oxide “Ecocatalysts”." MRS Bulletin 26, no. 11 (November 2001): 885–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2001.229.

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Catalysts based on cerium oxide are now used as effective oxidation systems in numerous environmental applications. Cerium oxide was introduced into the catalysis field relatively recently, in 1976, and not as a catalyst initially. Rather, it was chosen as the key oxygen-storage component of the three-way catalyst (TWC) used in automotive exhausts. Accordingly, ceria is used to extend the air/fuel ratio window in the exhaust gas, releasing or accepting oxygen, respectively, under fuel-rich or fuellean conditions, so that the noble metal catalyst operates at the desirable stoichiometric air/fuel ratio, at which it effectively converts all three gaseous pollutants—CO, hydrocarbons, and NO—to innocuous products. A solid solution of cerium and zirconium oxides is used in today's catalytic converters because of its higher oxygen-storage capacity (OSC) compared with pure ceria. In the years that followed the introduction of ceria into the catalytic converter, many additional merits of cerium oxide were realized, first as an active catalytic component of the TWC and subsequently as a catalyst and sorbent in various industrial applications. A review article by Trovarelli on ceria-based catalysts is a good recent compilation.

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Vesel, A., G. Primc, R. Zaplotnik, and M. Mozetič. "Applications of highly non-equilibrium low-pressure oxygen plasma for treatment of polymers and polymer composites on an industrial scale." Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 62, no. 2 (January 7, 2020): 024008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/ab5b50.

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Biring, Sajal, Annada Sankar Sadhu, and Moumita Deb. "An Effective Optical Dual Gas Sensor for Simultaneous Detection of Oxygen and Ammonia." Sensors 19, no. 23 (November 22, 2019): 5124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19235124.

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The development of a simple, low-cost sensor for the effective sensing of multiple gases in industrial or residential zones has been in high demand in recent days. In this article, we have proposed an optical sensor for the dual sensing of oxygen (O2) and ammonia (NH3) gases, which consists of oxygen and ammonia-sensitive fluorescent dyes coated individually on both sides of a glass substrate. An ethyl cellulose (EC) matrix doped with platinum (II) meso-tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) porphyrin (PtTFPP) serves as the oxygen-sensing material, whereas the NH3-sensing material includes an eosin Y fluorescent indicator immobilized within a cellulose acetate (CA) matrix. Both the oxygen and ammonia-sensitive materials were excited by the same LED light source with a 405 nm peak wavelength, while the corresponding emissions were detected separately for the selective sensing of the gases under study. The dual gas sensor exhibits maximum sensitivities of around 60 and 20 for oxygen and ammonia gases, respectively. The high sensitivity and selectivity of the proposed optical dual sensor suggests the feasibility of the simultaneous sensing of oxygen and ammonia for practical applications.

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Habermeyer, B., T. Chilingaryan, and R. Guilard. "Bactericidal efficiency of porphyrin systems." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 25, no. 05n06 (May 2021): 359–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424621500358.

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Photodynamic Inactivation is an innovative technique used to combat bacterial and viral infections which involves the use of photosensitizing agents along with light to generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species able to kill bacteria and viruses. In the first section of this minireview, porphyrin-based fluorophores are shown to be remarkable dye candidates for PDI (photodynamic inactivation) applications. The second section is dedicated to the description of porphyrin-based antimicrobial materials and their potentialities for industrial applications such as in food packaging or antimicrobial medical devices and hygiene. Finally, the failings and perspectives of PDI are analyzed to demonstrate how the PDI technique could be an efficient and ecologically friendly antimicrobial technique.

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Liu, Qing-Lu, Zong-Yan Zhao, and Jian-Hong Yi. "Excess oxygen in delafossite CuFeO2+δ: Synthesis, characterization, and applications in solar energy conversion." Chemical Engineering Journal 396 (September 2020): 125290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.125290.

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Liu, Ning, and Gang Sun. "Production of Reactive Oxygen Species by Photoactive Anthraquinone Compounds and Their Applications in Wastewater Treatment." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 50, no. 9 (May 4, 2011): 5326–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie101423v.

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Narayanan, Aswathy M., Rajasekar Parasuraman, and Arun M. Umarji. "Stabilization of Brownmillerite-Type SrCoO2.5 by a Cost-Effective Quenching Method for Oxygen-Scavenging Applications." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 57, no. 43 (October 10, 2018): 14749–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.8b03652.

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Beaman, J. J. "A Dynamic Model of a Pressure Swing Oxygen Generation System." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 107, no. 2 (June 1, 1985): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3149681.

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A full system model for oxygen generation from a pressure swing adsorption process is developed. The system under study has two zeolite packed molecular sieve beds which are cycled with high and low pressure in order to produce oxygen enriched air. These On-Board Oxygen Generation Systems (OBOGS) are to be used for the generation of aircraft crew breathing requirements. These units are much smaller in scale than present industrial systems and are called on to respond to variable demand. These special requirements have led to a reliable computer-based model to simulate the relatively fast transient performance of OBOGS. Besides the two zeolite beds, the system consists of a rotary valve used to cycle the beds, purge orifice, and breathing plenum. The computerized model predictions compare favorably with experiment. The model is presently being used in design and control synthesis studies.

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Ichikawa, Hiroshi. "Advances in SiC Fibers for High Temperature Applications." Advances in Science and Technology 50 (October 2006): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.50.17.

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The oxygen free SiC fiber (Hi-Nicalon) has been commercially produced by an electron beam curing process. And then the SiC fiber (Hi-Nicalon Type S) having stoichiometric SiC composition and high crystallinity has been developed. Hi-Nicalon fiber has higher elastic modulus and thermal stability than Nicalon fiber. The Type S fiber has the highest elastic modulus and thermal stability and excellent creep resistance in three types of Nicalon fibers. Recently，Type S fibers as industrial products have been developed and put on the market. The Type S fibers have a high tensile strength of 2.8 GPa, a high elastic modulus of 390 GPa. Against thermal exposure, Type S retains a tensile strength of 2.3 GPa and hardly changes its elastic modulus even at 1873K. Moreover, Type S has outstanding creep resistance. Type S shows higher stress relaxation ratio than many other ceramic fibers after thermal exposure over 1673K. Now, Hi-Nicalon Type S fiber/BN/SiC composites are being developed as the components of gas turbine for aerospace and land based power generation such as shrouds and combustors. Type Hi-Nicalon S can be supplied about 30 kg per a month at present.

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Ichikawa, Hiroshi. "High Performance SiC Fibers from Polycarbosilane for High Temperature Applications." Key Engineering Materials 352 (August 2007): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.352.59.

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In recent years, it has been increasing in demand for high performance CMCs for high temperature application. CMCs are most promising materials for high temperature structural materials of gas turbines for aerospace and power generation. Mechanical performances of CMCs are highly dependent on properties of the reinforcement. The oxygen free SiC fiber (Hi-Nicalon) has been commercially produced by an electron beam curing process. And then the SiC fiber (Hi-Nicalon Type S) having stoichiometric SiC composition and high crystallinity was developed. Hi-Nicalon fiber has higher elastic modulus and thermal stability than Nicalon fiber. The Type S fiber has the highest elastic modulus and thermal stability and excellent creep resistance in three types of Nicalon family fibers. Recently, the Type S fibers as industrial products were developed and put on the market. The Type S (industrial version) fibers had a high tensile strength of 2.8 GPa, a high elastic modulus of 390 GPa. The Type S fiber retained a tensile strength of 2.2 GPa and an elastic modulus of 390 GPa after exposure at 1873 K. Moreover, the Type S fiber had outstanding creep resistance; the Type S fiber showed higher stress relaxation ratio than many other ceramic fibers after thermal exposure over 1673 K. The Type S fibers could be the best candidate for the reinforcement of CMCs. The fibers can be supplied about 30 kg per a month at present. Now, the Type S fiber/BN/SiC composites are being developed as the components of gas turbine for aerospace and land based power generation such as shrouds and combustors.

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Min, S., I. Inasaki, S. Fujimura, T. Wakabayashi, and S. Suda. "Investigation of adsorption behaviour of lubricants in near-dry machining." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 219, no. 9 (September 1, 2005): 665–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440505x32544.

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Near-dry machining (NDM) is a technology with many ecological and economic benefits that uses very small amounts of metal working fluid (MWF). In order to increase the applications of this technology, the tribological mechanism during this process needs to be better understood. To accomplish this, two experimental set-ups were configured. The first involved a vacuum chamber where changes of gas near the cutting area can be traced by a mass spectrometer. The second has an atmospheric chamber where practical cutting can be done for cutting-performance comparison. Three gases - argon, nitrogen, and oxygen - were used with and without an ester in a series of orthogonal cutting tests to understand their roles in lubrication. It was found that oxygen adsorbs best onto a newly generated work surface and plays a significant role in promoting adsorption of the ester and, in turn, creating a lubrication film. Therefore, it is important to supply an abundant amount of oxygen in NDM to provide good lubrication conditions.

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Cox, I. J., R. W. Lewis, R. S. Ransing, H. Laszczewski, and G. Berni. "Application of neural computing in basic oxygen steelmaking." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 120, no. 1-3 (January 2002): 310–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-0136(01)01136-0.

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Anaya-Esparza, Luis Miguel, Zuamí Villagrán-de la Mora, Noé Rodríguez-Barajas, Teresa Sandoval-Contreras, Karla Nuño, David A. López-de la Mora, Alejandro Pérez-Larios, and Efigenia Montalvo-González. "Protein–TiO2: A Functional Hybrid Composite with Diversified Applications." Coatings 10, no. 12 (December 7, 2020): 1194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10121194.

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Functionalization of protein-based materials by incorporation of organic and inorganic compounds has emerged as an active research area due to their improved properties and diversified applications. The present review provides an overview of the functionalization of protein-based materials by incorporating TiO2 nanoparticles. Their effects on technological (mechanical, thermal, adsorptive, gas-barrier, and water-related) and functional (antimicrobial, photodegradation, ultraviolet (UV)-protective, wound-healing, and biocompatibility) properties are also discussed. In general, protein–TiO2 hybrid materials are biodegradable and exhibit improved tensile strength, elasticity, thermal stability, oxygen and water resistance in a TiO2 concentration-dependent response. Nonetheless, they showed enhanced antimicrobial and UV-protective effects with good biocompatibility on different cell lines. The main applications of protein–TiO2 are focused on the development of eco-friendly and active packaging materials, biomedical (tissue engineering, bone regeneration, biosensors, implantable human motion devices, and wound-healing membranes), food preservation (meat, fruits, and fish oil), pharmaceutical (empty capsule shell), environmental remediation (removal and degradation of diverse water pollutants), anti-corrosion, and textiles. According to the evidence, protein–TiO2 hybrid composites exhibited potential applications; however, standardized protocols for their preparation are needed for industrial-scale implementation.

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Zerva, Anastasia, Stefan Simić, Evangelos Topakas, and Jasmina Nikodinovic-Runic. "Applications of Microbial Laccases: Patent Review of the Past Decade (2009–2019)." Catalysts 9, no. 12 (December 4, 2019): 1023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9121023.

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There is a high number of well characterized, commercially available laccases with different redox potentials and low substrate specificity, which in turn makes them attractive for a vast array of biotechnological applications. Laccases operate as batteries, storing electrons from individual substrate oxidation reactions to reduce molecular oxygen, releasing water as the only by-product. Due to society’s increasing environmental awareness and the global intensification of bio-based economies, the biotechnological industry is also expanding. Enzymes such as laccases are seen as a better alternative for use in the wood, paper, textile, and food industries, and they are being applied as biocatalysts, biosensors, and biofuel cells. Almost 140 years from the first description of laccase, industrial implementations of these enzymes still remain scarce in comparison to their potential, which is mostly due to high production costs and the limited control of the enzymatic reaction side product(s). This review summarizes the laccase applications in the last decade, focusing on the published patents during this period.

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van Eenbergen, Ad, and Bernd Volbert. "Layered Synthetic Microstructures in Sequential and Simultaneous X-Ray Spectrometry." Advances in X-ray Analysis 30 (1986): 201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800021303.

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SummaryFor many years Layered Synthetic Microstructures (LSM's) have been used successfully as dispersive devices. The commercial variety introduced in 1984 offered significantly greater stability and diffracted intensity characteristics over Thallium Acid Phthalate (TAP) crystals. These devices offer superior sensitivity for fluorine, sodium and magnesium in all but a few applications where resolution is very critical. Subsequently, a variety of these devices have been optimised for analysis of the lower atomic number elements.Recently, several industrial applications have required the development of LSM's with 2d spacings optimised to enable quantitative analysis of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon and even boron. In these applications, the large incremental difference in characteristic wavelength per atomic number step limits the dynamic range of elements over which the LSM can be optimised. These considerations are discussed as they relate to routine analyses of very low atomic number elements by sequential Wavelength Dispersive Spectrometry (WDS).Newly developed fabrication techniques are used to produce curved LSM's for use with the focusing optics of simultaneous WDS. Application of these curved devices for the analysis of Mg in steel, Na in slags and F in glass will be discussed.Finally, an application which requires the analysis of thin films on semiconductor devices will be described. In this method, characteristic K-spectra and L-spectra of low and high atomic number elements, respectively, are selected for optimum sensitivity to the surface composition.

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Zhou, Qinghua, Zhixin Su, Liangcheng Jiao, Yao Wang, Kaixin Yang, Wenjuan Li, and Yunjun Yan. "High-Level Production of a Thermostable Mutant of Yarrowia lipolytica Lipase 2 in Pichia pastoris." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21010279.

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As a promising biocatalyst, Yarrowia lipolytica lipase 2 (YlLip2) is limited in its industrial applications due to its low thermostability. In this study, a thermostable YlLip2 mutant was overexpressed in Pichia pastoris and its half-life time was over 30 min at 80 °C. To obtain a higher protein secretion level, the gene dosage of the mutated lip2 gene was optimized and the lipase activity was improved by about 89%. Then, the YlLip2 activity of the obtained strain further increased from 482 to 1465 U/mL via optimizing the shaking flask culture conditions. Subsequently, Hac1p and Vitreoscilla hemoglobin (VHb) were coexpressed with the YlLip2 mutant to reduce the endoplasmic reticulum stress and enhance the oxygen uptake efficiency in the recombinant strains, respectively. Furthermore, high-density fermentations were performed in a 3 L bioreactor and the production of the YlLip2 mutant reached 9080 U/mL. The results demonstrated that the expression level of the thermostable YlLip2 mutant was predominantly enhanced via the combination of these strategies in P. pastoris, which forms a consolidated basis for its large-scale production and future industrial applications.

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Fatkina, J. V., N. P. Stepanenko, O. G. Berestneva, and I. A. Lyzin. "Experience of rehabilitation in children with chronic pyelonephritis living in industrial city." Siberian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine 36, no. 2 (July 7, 2021): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.29001/2073-8552-2021-36-2-98-106.

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The consistently high frequency of pathology of urinary system in children dictates the need to find new methods for the treatment and prevention of pyelonephritis.Goal. To study clinical and laboratory indicators of health status in children with chronic pyelonephritis living in the industrial city of Tomsk and evaluate the effectiveness of various rehabilitation treatment regimens.Material and Methods. The kidney and urology examinations were performed in 58 children with a diagnosis of chronic pyelonephritis aged 7 to 12 years. Two treatment schemes including administration of mineral water and physiotherapy were used.Results and Discussion. The following symptoms were detected before treatment: oxaluria in 22.41% of children, microhematuria in 17.24% of children, significant increase in serum and morning urine nitrate/nitrite levels, and microalbuminuria suggesting the instability of cell membranes and inflammatory process in renal tissue.Conclusion. The administration of low-mineralized magnesium-sodium chloride-sulfate water in combination with physical therapy, manual massage, sapropel applications, interference therapy, and enteric oxygen therapy lead to normalization of clinical and laboratory health status indicators in the main group of patients.

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Nikolic-Bujanovic, Ljiljana, Milan Cekerevac, Milena Tomic, and Mladen Zdravkovic. "Possible applications of ferrate(VI) in the treatment of industrial wastewater effluent in the laboratory." Chemical Industry 69, no. 1 (2015): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind131001017n.

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This paper shows the effects of ferrate(VI) application in the treatment of industrial wastewater effluent in laboratory conditions. Samples used are a mixture of wastewater effluent from various industrial plants whose composition was determined by analyzing samples before the ferrate(VI) treatment. Determining physical-chemical characteristics of the samples showed very high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and the concentrations of individual pollutants are higher than the maximum allowed. In the tested samples, the COD was from 18 (sample 1) to 580 times (sample 2) greater than allowed (allowed 45 - 150 mg/l), while the concentrations of certain metals were several times higher than allowed (Cu allowed 0,1 mg/l, Zn allowed 0,2 mg/l). Also, a high concentration of total phosphorus content (allowed 2 mg/l) and fluoride was found (allowed 20 mg/l), 2-3 times higher than permissible. The applied Na2FeO4 was synthesized by electrochemical method and applied in situ. Physical-chemical testing of samples, after treatment with different amounts (2, 5, 8, and 10 ml) of Na2FeO4, concentration of 8 g/l showed that ferrate(VI) can be used as a multifunctional agent in the purification of industrial wastewater, where in the amount of contaminating matter is reduced below the maximum permitted level. It was demonstrated the high efficiency of ferrate(VI) as a strong oxidant in the removal of total P and suspended materials. Also pointed out was the high sorption power of the generated ferric(III)hydroxide, which with its developed surface absorbs 95,5% of the F- and removes it from the solution in the form of sludge. Showed a high efficiency of ferrate(VI) in the total removal of P (70 to 99,5%), and F- (89 to 95,5%), but depending on the presence of the total COD value or the presence of the total organic substances. At high values of the COD major part of ferrate(VI) is consumed in the oxidation of organic material and the formation of Fe(OH)3, which accelerate the process of decomposition of ferrate(VI), which contributes to lower the efficiency of the removal of P and F-.

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Barbosa, Renato Dias, Gilberto Marques da Cruz, Pedro Henrique Lopes Nunes Abreu dos Santos, Gilberto Garcia Cortez, and José Augusto Jorge Rodrigues. "Nickel Oxides Supported on Alumina as Oxygen Carriers for Chemical-Looping Combustion and Reforming of Methane." Applied Mechanics and Materials 830 (March 2016): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.830.30.

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Chemical-Looping Combustion (CLC) and Chemical-Looping Reforming (CLR) processes are technologies in development, considered as economically viable alternatives for CO2 mitigation. Both processes employ two interconnected reactors (air reactor and fuel reactor), by which oxides particles (called oxygen carriers) circulate. CLC process produces heat with inherent separation of CO2 from gaseous hydrocarbons combustion. CLR process performs the fuel partial oxidation, generating synthesis gas (H2 and CO), which is the major industrial intermediate for hydrogen (H2) and other hydrocarbons production, thru Fischer-Tropsch reactions. The employment of OCs enables the total or partial oxidation of fuel, in the absence of atmospheric air, which allows great reduction of the separation costs. Nickel-based OCs are the most investigated, showing high performance and reactivity. This work presents the synthesis of OCs composed by different contents of nickel oxides supported on alumina, textural, physical and chemical characterizations by several techniques, and experimental results obtained when these materials were applied to CLC and CLR processes, using CH4 as fuel, mixed or not, with H2O or CO2. The results showed the potential industrial applications of these materials, which are preferentially selective to the CLR process, and the addiction of H2O or CO2 greatly reduces the carbon deposition.

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Amorati, Riccardo, Andrea Baschieri, and Luca Valgimigli. "Measuring Antioxidant Activity in Bioorganic Samples by the Differential Oxygen Uptake Apparatus: Recent Advances." Journal of Chemistry 2017 (2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6369358.

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The measure of O2 consumption during the inhibited autoxidation of an easily oxidizable substrate is one of the most reliable and predictive methods to assess antioxidant activity, especially for structure-activity relationship studies, for food and industrial applications. The differential oxygen uptake apparatus described herein represents a powerful and cost-effective way to obtain antioxidant activity from inhibited autoxidation studies. These experiments provide the rate constant and the stoichiometry of the reaction between antioxidants and peroxyl radicals (ROO∙), which are involved in the propagation of radical damage. We show the operation principles and the utility of this instrumentation in the bioorganic laboratory, with regard to the recent advances in this field, ranging from the study of natural antioxidants in biomimetic system, to the use of substrates generating hydroperoxyl radicals, and to the evaluation of novel nanoantioxidants.

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Abdal Dayem, Ahmed, Soo Lee, and Ssang-Goo Cho. "The Impact of Metallic Nanoparticles on Stem Cell Proliferation and Differentiation." Nanomaterials 8, no. 10 (September 26, 2018): 761. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano8100761.

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Nanotechnology has a wide range of medical and industrial applications. The impact of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) on the proliferation and differentiation of normal, cancer, and stem cells is well-studied. The preparation of NPs, along with their physicochemical properties, is related to their biological function. Interestingly, various mechanisms are implicated in metallic NP-induced cellular proliferation and differentiation, such as modulation of signaling pathways, generation of reactive oxygen species, and regulation of various transcription factors. In this review, we will shed light on the biomedical application of metallic NPs and the interaction between NPs and the cellular components. The in vitro and in vivo influence of metallic NPs on stem cell differentiation and proliferation, as well as the mechanisms behind potential toxicity, will be explored. A better understanding of the limitations related to the application of metallic NPs on stem cell proliferation and differentiation will afford clues for optimal design and preparation of metallic NPs for the modulation of stem cell functions and for clinical application in regenerative medicine.

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Zaidi, Kamal Uddin, Ayesha S. Ali, Sharique A. Ali, and Ishrat Naaz. "Microbial Tyrosinases: Promising Enzymes for Pharmaceutical, Food Bioprocessing, and Environmental Industry." Biochemistry Research International 2014 (2014): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/854687.

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Tyrosinase is a natural enzyme and is often purified to only a low degree and it is involved in a variety of functions which mainly catalyse theo-hydroxylation of monophenols into their correspondingo-diphenols and the oxidation ofo-diphenols too-quinones using molecular oxygen, which then polymerizes to form brown or black pigments. The synthesis ofo-diphenols is a potentially valuable catalytic ability and thus tyrosinase has attracted a lot of attention with respect to industrial applications. In environmental technology it is used for the detoxification of phenol-containing wastewaters and contaminated soils, as biosensors for phenol monitoring, and for the production of L-DOPA in pharmaceutical industries, and is also used in cosmetic and food industries as important catalytic enzyme. Melanin pigment synthesized by tyrosinase has found applications for protection against radiation cation exchangers, drug carriers, antioxidants, antiviral agents, or immunogen. The recombinantV. spinosumtryosinase protein can be used to produce tailor-made melanin and other polyphenolic materials using various phenols and catechols as starting materials. This review compiles the recent data on biochemical and molecular properties of microbial tyrosinases, underlining their importance in the industrial use of these enzymes. After that, their most promising applications in pharmaceutical, food processing, and environmental fields are presented.

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Stephens, Britton B., Peter S. Bakwin, Pieter P. Tans, Ron M. Teclaw, and Daniel D. Baumann. "Application of a Differential Fuel-Cell Analyzer for Measuring Atmospheric Oxygen Variations." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 24, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 82–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech1959.1.

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Abstract A commercially available differential fuel-cell analyzer has been adapted to make field-based ppm-level measurements of atmospheric O2 variations. With the implementation of rapid calibrations and active pressure and flow control, the analysis system described here has a 1σ precision of ±2.5 per meg (≈0.5 ppm) for a 2-min measurement. Allowing for system stabilization after switching inlet lines, a 6-min measurement with a precision of ±1.4 per meg (≈0.3 ppm) every 20 min is obtained. The elimination of biases in any atmospheric O2 measurement depends critically on careful gas-handling procedures, and after screening for known sources of bias a comparability of ±10 per meg (≈2 ppm) with the present setup is estimated. In comparison to existing techniques, the relatively small size, low cost, fast response, motion insensitivity, and ease of implementation of the fuel-cell analyzer make it particularly useful for a wide range of unattended field applications. This system has been used to measure atmospheric O2 concentrations at the WLEF tall-tower research site in northern Wisconsin semicontinuously from June 2000 to December 2003. These measurements represent the first extended O2 record in and above a forest ecosystem, and are being used to investigate global carbon budgeting, plant physiology, continental boundary layer mixing and synoptic transport, and potential means of industrial emission verification. In this paper, the measurement technique is described in detail and several weeks of data are presented to illustrate its performance.

Journal articles on the topic 'Oxygen Industrial applications'

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