Academic literature on the topic 'Oxygen percentage'
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Journal articles on the topic "Oxygen percentage"
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Jeong, Hwan-Seok, Hyun-Seok Cha, Seong-Hyun Hwang, Dong-Ho Lee, Sang-Hun Song, and Hyuck-In Kwon. "Effects of Oxygen Content on Operational Characteristics and Stability of High-Mobility IGTO Thin-Film Transistors during Channel Layer Deposition." Coatings 11, no. 6 (2021): 698. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11060698.
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In this study, we investigated the effects of oxygen content on the transfer characteristics and stability of high-mobility indium-gallium-tin oxide (IGTO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) during channel layer deposition. The IGTO thin films were deposited through direct current sputtering at different ambient oxygen percentages of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%. The experimental results indicate that the drain currents were hardly modulated by the gate-to-source voltage in the IGTO TFT prepared at 10% ambient oxygen. However, as the oxygen content increased from 20% to 50%, the transfer curves shifted to the positive direction with a decrease in field-effect mobility (μFE). The IGTO TFTs exhibited deteriorated positive bias stress (PBS) stability as the oxygen content increased. However, the stabilities of the IGTO TFTs under negative bias illumination stress (NBIS) improved with an increase in the ambient oxygen percentage during the channel layer deposition. Furthermore, to understand the mechanism of the observed phenomena, we performed X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of the IGTO thin films prepared at different oxygen percentages. The XPS results demonstrate that the deteriorated PBS stability and enhanced NBIS stability of the IGTO TFTs prepared at higher oxygen percentages were mainly ascribed to the larger amount of oxygen interstitials resulting from the excess oxygen and the smaller number of oxygen vacancies within the IGTO, respectively. The obtained results suggest that the oxygen percentages of 30% in the sputtering ambient is the most suitable oxygen percentage for optimizing the electrical properties (μFE = 24.2 cm2/V·s, subthreshold swing = 0.43 V/dec, and threshold voltage = −2.2 V) and adequate PBS and NBIS stabilities of IGTO TFTs.
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Bradford, Kent J., Daniel Côme, and Françoise Corbineau. "Quantifying the oxygen sensitivity of seed germination using a population-based threshold model." Seed Science Research 17, no. 1 (2007): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258507657389.
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AbstractSeeds vary widely in the sensitivity of germination to oxygen (O2) partial pressure, depending upon the species, temperature, dormancy state and physiological status of the seeds. Most analyses of the O2 sensitivity of germination have focused on final germination percentages and estimated the O2 percentage in air that is required to reduce germination to a given percentage (usually 50%). In contrast, we have applied a population-based threshold model utilizing time courses of germination to quantify three parameters related to seed germination sensitivity to O2 availability: the median base (or threshold) O2 percentage, the standard deviation of O2 thresholds among seeds in the population, and an oxygen–time constant that relates O2 percentage to germination timing. The model fits germination responses accurately across a wide range of O2 concentrations. The response to O2 was logarithmic in all cases, with the O2 percentage required for 50% germination ranging from 21% to as low as 0.005%, depending upon the species, the temperature and the seed dormancy level. Modelling indicated that some seeds can adapt to low O2 percentages and shift their thresholds to lower values over time. Lower temperatures decreased the minimum O2 threshold, as did after-ripening. Seed priming generally reduced the oxygen–time constant and increased the standard deviation of germination responses, but had relatively little effect on the O2 sensitivity per se. The population-based threshold model can be used to quantify the O2 sensitivity of seed germination and to predict germination rates and percentages when O2 availability is limiting.
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Berzolla, Alessia, Maria Cristina Reguzzi, and Elisabetta Chiappini. "Controlled atmospheres against insect pests in museums: a review and some considerations." Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research 43, no. 2 (2011): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jear.2011.197.
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Controlled atmospheres using nitrogen represent a safe and effective method for both objects and human health. The use of this technique against pests in museums has received an increasing amount of interest during the last twenty years. This paper looks at the researches into anoxic treatments that use nitrogen from the late ‘80s until now. At the moment, the recommended protocol suggests an oxygen percentage below 1% for at least three weeks. Considering that the major practical problems of controlled atmospheres are connected to treatment time and low oxygen percentage, it is very important to develop more flexible protocols that consider higher oxygen percentages or shorter treatment times, exploiting temperature and/or relative humidity. At oxygen percentage higher than those commonly used, temperature and relative humidity are very critical to insects’ development and success. Preliminary data (unpublished) show that it is possible to adapt the application of the controlled atmospheres to different situations, taking advantage of favorable conditions already present in the considered situation and at the same time to use the other parameters at more favorable levels.
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Zuzak, Karel J., Mark T. Gladwin, Richard O. Cannon, and Ira W. Levin. "Imaging hemoglobin oxygen saturation in sickle cell disease patients using noninvasive visible reflectance hyperspectral techniques: effects of nitric oxide." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 285, no. 3 (2003): H1183—H1189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00243.2003.
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Sickle cell disease is characterized by microvascular occlusion and hemolytic anemia, factors that impair tissue oxygen delivery. We use visible reflectance hyperspectral imaging to quantitate skin tissue hemoglobin oxygen saturation (HbO2) and to determine whether changes in blood flow during nitric oxide (NO) stimulation or gas administration (therapies proposed for this disease) improve skin tissue oxygen saturation in five patients with sickle cell disease. Compared with six healthy African-American subjects, sickle cell patients exhibited higher forearm blood flows (7.4 ± 1.8 vs. 3.2 ± 0.4 ml·min–1·100 ml tissue–1, P = 0.037) but significantly reduced percentages of skin HbO2 (61.0 ± 0.2 vs. 77.5 ± 0.2%, P < 0.001). Administration of acetylcholine to patients increased blood flow by 15.1 ± 3.8 ml·min–1·100 ml tissue–1 and the percentage of skin HbO2 by 4.1 ± 0.3% ( P = 0.02, P < 0.001, respectively, from baseline values). Sodium nitroprusside, a direct NO donor, increased blood flow by 3.9 ± 1.1 ml/min and the percentage of skin HbO2 by 2.9 ± 0.3% ( P = 0.02, P < 0.001, respectively). NO inhalation had no effect on forearm blood flow, yet increased the percentage of skin HbO2 by 2.3 ± 0.3% ( P < 0.001). Percentages of skin HbO2 were exponentially related to blood flow ( R = 0.97, P < 0.001), indicating a limit to skin tissue oxygen saturation at high blood flows. Thus, for acetylcholine infusion leading to blood flows sevenfold greater than those of healthy resting African-American subjects, patients still exhibited lower percentages of skin HbO2 (65.2 ± 0.2 vs. 77.5 ± 0.2%, P < 0.001). Visible reflectance hyperspectral imaging demonstrates that either the stimulation or the administration of NO pharmacologically or by gas inhalation improves, but does not normalize, skin tissue oxygen saturation in patients with sickle cell disease.
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Liu, J., and W. Weppner. "Limiting current oxygen sensors for the percentage to ppm range." Ionics 3, no. 5-6 (1997): 457–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02375725.
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Kurniawan, Ade. "THE PERCENTAGE OF OXYGEN ABSORPTION BY VANNAMEI SHRIMP (LITOPENAEUS VANNAMEI) WHICH IS SUPPORTED BY THE PADDLEWHEEL." Journal of Aquaculture Development and Environment 4, no. 1 (2021): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.31002/jade.v4i1.3959.
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<p>A dynamic model was used to obtain optimal value or amount in the application of paddlewheel. Stella 9.1.4 software programing was employed to find relationships among parameters. The aims of this reasearch was to determine the percentage of oxygen uptake by vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) which is supported by 1 paddlewheel. The result showed that the optimal number of paddlewheel was 1 paddlewheel with Standart Aeration Efficiency was 1,31 kgO2/kWh. The percentage of oxygen absorption on vannamei shrimp until final cultivation was 24% during the cultivation, the percentage of oxygen absorption on vannamei shrimp had increased. In this research, total oxygen demand was 567 ppm, shrimp production was 1054,88 kg, the amount of feed was 2278,1 kg with a pond area was 600 m2, stocking density was 133 PL/m2 during a cultivation period of 98 days.<br />Keyword : Paddlewheel, Oxygen, Vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)</p>
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Leng, Dan, Lili Wu, Hongchao Jiang, et al. "Preparation and Properties of SnO2Film Deposited by Magnetron Sputtering." International Journal of Photoenergy 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/235971.
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Tin oxide SnO2films were prepared by RF magnetron sputtering. The effects of oxygen partial pressure percentage on the SnO2property have been investigated to obtain relatively high-resistivity SnO2films which could be used as buffer layers to optimize the performance of CdTe/CdS solar cells. The oxygen partial pressure percentage varied in the range of 1%~10%. The results show that the introduction of oxygen would suppress the deposition and growth of SnO2films. Electrical measurement suggests that the film resistivity decreases with the increase of oxygen pressure. The SnO2films with resistivity of 232 Ω cm were obtained in pure Ar atmosphere. All SnO2films fabricated with different oxygen partial pressure percentage have almost the same optical band gap.
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Kim, Dong-Ju, and Seul-Hyun Park. "Effect of Ignition Energy on the Initial Propagation of Hydrogen-Oxygen Premixed Flame." Fire Science and Engineering 37, no. 6 (2023): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.7731/kifse.fd42e6f7.
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The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of changes in the ignition energy and hydrogen volume percentage of a hydrogen oxygen combustible mixture on the Markstein length of the hydrogen flame at the beginning of ignition. A – static combustor with a diameter of approximately 60 mm and an internal volume of 350 ml was manufactured, and flame propagation images were obtained under various ignition energies and hydrogen volume percentages of the hydrogen oxygen – mixed combustible to measure the initial propagation of the flame. Using the captured images, the stretched burning velocity (<i>S<sub>b</sub></i>) and stretch rate (<i>K</i>) under stretch were measured. The unstretched burning velocity (<i>S<sub>b</sub><sup>0</sup></i>) was calculated using the Chemkin code, and the effects of the ignition energy and hydrogen volume percentage of the combustible mixture were analyzed. As the hydrogen volume percentage of the combustible mixture increased, the Markstein length decreased. When the hydrogen percentage of the combustible mixture was held constant, the Markstein length decreased as the ignition energy decreased. The influence of the ignition energy increased as the hydrogen volume percentage of the combustible mixture decreased.
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Zahuri, Afnan Ahmadi, Muhamad Fazly Abdul Patah, Yusniza Kamarulzaman, et al. "Decolourisation of Real Industrial and Synthetic Textile Dye Wastewater Using Activated Dolomite." Water 15, no. 6 (2023): 1172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15061172.
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Textile effluent accounts for 22% of the total industrial wastewater produced in Malaysia. Due to their ubiquitous use in organic dyes, inefficiently treated textile wastewaters pose environmental and health hazards. Colour, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, toxic metals and microbes are the commonly targeted water quality parameters in untreated textile fluids. Furthermore, their non-biodegradability and high colour intensity may reduce aquatic diversity by blocking the sunlight. Recently, physical treatment, principally adsorption, has been conducted. Dolomite has additional features, such as performing as a heavy metal and microbe remover. This study employed dolomite for treating textile dye wastewater from a commercial textile manufacturer and synthetic effluent containing methyl orange. Different sizes of dolomite were activated at different temperatures and subsequently added to the water samples in varying amounts. After 2 h of agitation at 100 rpm and sedimentation for 24 h, their absorbance reading was taken. Their morphological, decolourisation percentage, chemical oxygen demand reduction percentage and bacterial growth post-treatment were examined. Despite variances in dolomite’s capacity to decolourise colours, the treatment proved effective in decolourising dyes, removing chemical oxygen demand and reducing bacterial growth. The most significant percentages of decolourisation observed were 98.7% for real textile dye wastewater (RTDW) and 78.0% for synthetic textile dye wastewater (STDW), while for chemical oxygen demand, reductions were 66.7% for RTDW and 73.9% for STDW, respectively. As for microbe growth inhibition, the highest growth reduction percentages were 99.7% and 98.6% for RTDW and STDW, respectively.
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Wilson, R. W., and A. C. Snyder. "A Model for Prescribing the Percentage of Oxygen Uptake for Athletes." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 25 (March 2011): S42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.jsc.0000395644.86100.5b.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Oxygen percentage"
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Tasi, Jen-Huan, and 蔡政翰. "Influences of sputtering power and oxygen percentage on the properties of R. F. magnetron sputtered ITO films and the design of antireflective coating for ITO films deposited on glass substrate." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28015502825777359884.
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碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>電子研究所<br>83<br>Indium tin oxide (ITO) were deposited onto unheated glass and
polycarbonate substrates by r.f. magnetron sputtering. The
properties of ITO films prepared at various r.f. powers and
oxygen percentages are investigated. It is found the
refractive index of ITO film decreases with decreasing r.f.
power and with increasing oxygen percentage. The refractive
index of the as-deposited film ranges from 1.87 to 2.17. The
feasibility of the multilayer antireflective (AR) coating
design with ITO films of various refractive indices is explore
in this study.
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Cerdeira, Joana Marques. "Study of Thermoelectric Properties of Indium Silicon Oxide Thin Films." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/42278.
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Thermoelectric devices, which convert heat into electricity, are regarded as an environmentally friendly alternative to fossil fuels used as the main resource for energy production. In the last few decades, transparent oxide semiconductors and conductors, namely Indium oxide-based materials, have been studied and applied in thin film transistors and solar cells. Nevertheless, this group of materials has also been studied for thermoelectric applications.
In this dissertation, amorphous Indium silicon oxide (ISO) thin films were sputtered at
room temperature on glass substrate, under different oxygen contents in the argon and oxygen mixture.
The thermoelectric properties were evaluated as a function of deposition conditions and
post-deposition annealing parameters (temperature and time). These properties were analysed
and correlated with respective structural, morphological, optical, and electrical properties. For films deposited with no oxygen and annealed at 300 ºC for 24 h, the Seebeck coefficient and electrical resistivity at room temperature were 68:6 VK1 and 4:7 102 cm, respectively. Thin films deposited at higher oxygen percentages showed, in turn, very low conductivity values not being possible to measure the Seebeck coefficient. The maximum power factor achieved was 10 Wm1K2 for the aforementioned annealing conditions. A simultaneous increase of the Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity was also observed, mainly due to scattering mechanisms which enhanced the Seebeck coefficient.
Although ISO thin films properties present a good stability when submitted to different
post-deposition conditions, further studies need to be performed in order to optimise the thermoelectric properties and hence the power factor.
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Teodósio, Carolina Marques. "Sexual dimorphism in heart rate recovery from peak exercise." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/13280.
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Purpose: Delayed heart rate recovery (HRR) after peak exercise is associated with decreased vagal reactivation and represents a prognostic marker of cardiovascular disease. There is a lack of consensus on whether heart rate recovery (HRR) post-peak exercise follows a sexually dimorphic pattern. We hypothesized that two groups of men and women paired-matched for age and level of cardiorespiratory fitness (peak oxygen uptake - VO2peak percentile) would exhibit similar HRR from peak exercise intensities.
Methods: Forty healthy individuals (23 men and 17 women), aged 18 to 28 years, with above average cardiovascular fitness (VO2peak > 50th percentile), performed a peak cycle-ergometer tests with cardiorpulmonary measurements. HRR was obtained at the 1st (HRR1min) and 2nd min (HRR2min) of passive recovery. Student t tests were computed to explore possible differences between men and women for anthropometric and cardiopulmonary data obtained at rest, during exercise and recovery. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine whether the relationship between VO2peak and HRR differed between sexes. We used HRR1min and HRR2min as dependent variables and VO2peak, sex and the interaction between sex and VO2peak as independent variables.
Results: There were no between-group differences for the VO2peak percentile, RER or peak heart rate (p > 0.05). In contrast, men attained higher peak values for VO2 and work rate (p < 0.05). Both sexes had similar HRR post-peak exercise (p > 0.05). In multiple linear models, VO2peak explained 11.2% of HRR1min variance. As importantly, sex, VO2peak and their interaction were all significant predictors of HRR2min (explained variance: 29.2%) (p < 0.05). When the differences between sexes in VO2peak were controlled for, HRR remained similar between sexes both at 1 and 2 min of recovery.
Conclusion: This study shows that, for a given VO2peak percentile (VO2peak percentile > 50th percentile), HRR is similar between men and women. For this reason, we conclude vagal reactivation post-peak exercise does not follow a sexually dimorphic pattern.<br>Objetivos: O atraso na recuperação da frequência cardíaca (RFC) após o esforço associa-se a uma pobre reativação vagal e representa um marcador prognóstico de patologia cardiovascular. Atualmente, não existe consenso sobre se a RFC pós-exercício de pico segue um padrão de dimorfismo sexual. Colocou-se a hipótese de que dois grupos de homens e mulheres, emparelhados por idade e nível de aptidão cardiorrespiratória (percentil de VO2pico), apresentariam valores semelhantes de RFC.
Métodos: 40 participantes saudáveis (23 homens e 17 mulheres), com idades entre 18 e 28 anos, com aptidão cardiovascular acima da média (VO2pico > percentil 50), realizaram uma prova de esforço de pico em ciclo-ergómetro com medidas cardiorrespiratórias. A RFC foi obtida ao 1º e 2º minuto de recuperação passiva. Recorreu-se ao teste t Student para explorar possíveis diferenças entre homens e mulheres para dados antropométricos e cardiorrespiratórios obtidos em repouso, durante e depois do exercício de pico. Procedeu-se ainda à análise da regressão linear múltipla para determinar eventuais diferenças sexuais na relação entre VO2pico e a RFC. Definiram-se como variáveis dependentes a RFC ao primeiro e segundo minuto (RFC1min e RFC2min, respetivamente). Já o VO2pico, o sexo e a interação entre sexo e VO2pico foram definidos como variáveis independentes.
Resultados: Não houve diferenças entre os dois grupos para o percentil de VO2pico, quociente de trocas respiratórias de pico ou pico de frequência cardíaca (p> 0.05). No entanto, os homens obtiveram valores superiores do que as mulheres para o pico de VO2 e taxa de trabalho (p < 0.05). Ambos os sexos tiveram uma RFC semelhante após o esforço de pico (p > 0.05). Nos modelos lineares múltiplos, o VO2pico explicou 11.2% da variância da RFC. Já no que se refere à RFC2min, verificou-se que um modelo composto pelas variáveis sexo, VO2pico, e sua interação alcançou um poder explicativo equivalente a 29.2% da variância da RFC (p < 0.05). Quando as diferenças entre os sexos foram controladas com recurso à análise de covariância, a RFC subsistiu como semelhante entre sexos quer ao 1º como 2º min de recuperação.
Conclusão: Este estudo demonstra que, para um dado percentil de VO2pico (> percentil 50), não há dimorfismo sexual na frequência cardíaca de recuperação obtido ao 1º e 2º minuto de recuperação. Por este motivo, conclui-se que o perfil de reativação vagal pós-esforço de pico não se rege por um padrão de dimorfismo sexual.
Books on the topic "Oxygen percentage"
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Jasmin, Jasmin. Vital Signe Log Book: Keep Personal Health Records to Track Weight, Heart Rate + Temperature + Blood Sugar + Blood Pressure + and Oxygen Percentage. a Medium Sized Book for the Elderly, Men and Women. Independently Published, 2022.
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Jasmin, Jasmin. Vital Signe Log Book: 120 Page Book Special for Recording and Tracking the Health Status of Elderly Men and Women, Such As Calculating Sugar + Blood Pressure + Measuring Degree + Oxygen Percentage and Other Features. Independently Published, 2022.
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Jasmine, Jasmine. Vital Signe Log Book : 8. 5 X 11A Special Record for Men and Women Together in Order to Monitor a Group of Health-Related Things: Blood Pressure + Oxygen Percentage + Blood Sugar + Temperature Measurement, the Result and Features Pages 120. Independently Published, 2022.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Oxygen percentage"
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Sahu, Tomesh Kumar, Vikas Kumar Sahu, and Pravesh Chandra Shukla. "Effect of Oxygen Percentage in Combustion Characteristics and Combustion Phase of Methanol-Diesel Fuelled CI Engine." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-7055-9_25.
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Christopherson, Heather, and Ettore Crimi. "Mixed Venous Oxygen Saturation." In Advanced Anesthesia Review, edited by Alaa Abd-Elsayed. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197584521.003.0003.
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Abstract Mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) is the percentage of oxygenated hemoglobin in the blood returning to the right side of the heart. SvO2 reflects the balance between oxygen delivery and oxygen consumed by tissues. Normally, SvO2 is 65%–75%. SvO2 can be measured with intermittent blood samples from the pulmonary artery or continuously with the use of oximetric catheters. Determinants of SvO2 are cardiac output, hemoglobin concentration, arterial oxygen saturation, and oxygen consumption. A decrease in oxygen delivery (e.g., cardiogenic shock, anemia, hypoxemia) or increase in oxygen demand (e.g., hyperthermia, shivering, malignant hyperthermia) causes a drop in SvO2. An increase in oxygen delivery (e.g., increased cardiac output, hyperoxia) and decrease in oxygen demand (e.g., hypothermia, anesthesia) cause high SvO2 values. SvO2 in combination with other clinical information can help to identify global tissue hypoxia during the perioperative period and in critically ill patients.
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Spreen, Otfried, Anthony H. Risser, and Dorothy Edgell. "Anoxic Episodes." In Developmental Neuropsychology. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195067361.003.0017.
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Abstract The maturing fetus and neonate are subject to alterations in the availability of oxygen and oxygenated blood during gestation, delivery, and the period immediately after birth. Maternal disease and cardiovascular difficulties, contractions of the uterus during delivery, the cutting of the umbilical cord, and numerous other conditions may interfere with normal oxygen supply. In most of these situations the reduction in oxygen is relatively minor, transient, and amenable to natural physiological and metabolic compensation without the risk of serious complications. However, a serious reduction in available oxygen (hypoxia) and a termination of oxygen supply (anoxia) are not uncommon perinatal complications. A systemic reduction in oxygen level decreases blood flow to local tissue and results in ischemia; therefore, the entire clinical picture is variably called anoxic ischemia, hypoxic ischemia, or hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). These terms are sometimes used interchangeably; we use “anoxic episode” as a general term. Anoxic episodes and their immediate consequences account for the greatest percentage of neurological difficulties encountered during the perinatal period. They are responsible, for example, for many of the convulsive disorders that occur in the neonatal period (Rose 1977), particularly when the episode falls into the moderate-to-severe category (Hill and Volpe 1989a).
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Hwang, Dr Nian Chih, and Dr Michael Sinclair. "Early postoperative management." In Cardiac Anaesthesia. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192628367.003.0024.
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Abstract The nursing staff at the paediatric intensive care unit will establish full monitoring as soon as the child arrives. Drug infusions and fluid therapy are then continued as the child’s condition dictates. The basic monitoring set-up is the same as for adults. The child is connected to the ventilator to be mechanically ventilated with the same fraction of inspired oxygen (Fio2 or percentage oxygen) as in theatre. The anaesthetist should review the ventilator setting before connecting the child to the ventilator. Pressure-limit ventilation is used in most neonates and infants up to 10 kg (with an inspiratory pressure of 20-25 cmH2O, a positive end-expiratory pressure of 3-5 cmH2O, an inspiratory time of at least 0.7 s, and an appropriate rate obtained by controlling the expiratory pause). For older children, volume control ventilation can be used with a tidal volume of 10-15 ml/kg at an appropriate rate. Ensure that the patient is being ventilated adequately as shown by equal chest excursion, satisfactory oxygen saturation, and, later, by blood gas analysis.
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Furniturewala, Mahera Mohammadi, Arjun Sivaraman, Anmol Anand, Tarun Kannuchamy, and R. Sasikala. "Measurement of Body Vitals Using Photoplethysmography (PPG) and Smartphone Sensors." In Advances in Healthcare Information Systems and Administration. IGI Global, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-1463-0.ch010.
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Every day, millions of individuals use portable health devices to keep track of health metrics such as heart rate, blood oxygen, and other body vitals. However, this can also be facilitated using a commonly available smartphone and its capabilities. The outcome of this chapter is a framework to measure vital signals such as blood oxygen, heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure using in-built sensors in a smartphone, namely the camera, flashlight, and accelerometer. Vitals are captured by analyzing the photoplethysmography (PPG) signals obtained from the red intensities of the images of the fingertip or the deviation in the values obtained in the accelerometer readings during measurement, and then performing further arithmetic calculations on the same. The authors also compare the values for the vitals measured on pulse oximeters, blood pressure monitors, health bands, and the smartphone itself. Comparisons are made on a sample size of 100 measurements, and the mean percentage error for each type of body vital measurement is calculated with respect to each measuring device.
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S, Manjula Devi, V. Gayathri, A. P. Allen Princy, and R. Anitha. "GREEN SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF LYCOPERSICON ESCULENTUM L. VAR. PKM 1." In Futuristic Trends in Agriculture Engineering & Food Sciences Volume 3 Book 1. Iterative International Publisher, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3bcagp1ch38.
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Green synthesis is a low-cost and environmentally friendly method of producing silver nanoparticles on a big scale. Silver nanoparticles were created in this study using an aqueous leaf powder extract of Lycopersicon esculentum L. var PKM 1. Characterization of silver nanoparticles at optimum condition was done using SEM analysis. This showed the presence of silver nanoparticles at a higher range in tomato plants treated with mixture of organic fertilizer and biofertilizer rather than the control plant. EDAX analysis showed the presence of various elements at different concentration levels. The elements present in the control tomato plant were Carbon, Oxygen, Silver, Chlorine and Gold. Apart from these elements, the mixture of organic fertilizer and biofertilizer treatment showed the presence of Silicon at 2% level. The percentage of silver in tomato plants treated with mixture of organic and biofertilizers was found to be higher (9%) when compared to the control plant (4%). The percentage of Gold was equal (2%) in both control plants and plants treated with mixture of organic and biofertilizers. The presence of silver in the tomato plants treated with mixture of organic and biofertilizer shows that the plant could be used for the production of particles at nano scale that has a wide range of application in industry.
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El Hamzaoui, Y., N. Pérez Morga, B. F. Tejero Campos, M. S. Ramos Ocampo, M. López Oliveros, and J. A. de la Cruz Koyoc. "Predicción de la Demanda Química de Oxígeno Durante el Tratamiento de Herbicidas Comerciales por Redes Neuronales Artificiales." In Tópicos Selectos de Contaminación Ambiental. EPOMEX-UAC, 2025. https://doi.org/10.26359/epomex01202506.
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A forward and inverse artificial neural network (rna and rnai) approach was developed to predict chemical oxygen demand (cod) removal during the degradation of commercial herbicides alazine and gesaprim under various experimental conditions. The network had a 9-9-1 configuration (9 inputs, 9 hidden neurons, and 1 output neuron) and showed a high level of agreement (R2 = 0.9913) between the experimental and simulated cod values. This was achieved using hyperbolic and linear tangent sigmoid transfer functions in the hidden and output layers. The sensitivity analysis revealed that all the input variables studied (reaction time, pH, herbicide concentration, contaminant, US ultrasound, UV light intensity, [TiO2]o,[K2S2O8]o, solar radiation sr) strongly influence the degradation of the commercial herbicide in terms of cod removal. Among these variables, the reaction time was found to be the most influential, with a relative importance of 33.49%, followed by the initial herbicide concentration. The inverse neural network (rnai) was then used to calculate the optimal reaction time needed to achieve the desired cod removal. This makes the methodology attractive for online control of the Advanced Oxidation Process (aop) for the degradation of commercial herbicides due to its low error percentage and efficient calculation. Keywords: Artificial neural networks, chemical oxygen demand, sono-photocatalysis, sensitivity analysis.
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Rowan, Daniel J. "The engine isn’t working: Cardiogenic shock states." In Critical Care Emergencies, edited by Lillian Liang Emlet. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190082581.003.0013.
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Abstract Cardiogenic shock is defined as systemic hypoperfusion with impaired tissue oxygen delivery as a result of reduced cardiac output and may quickly spiral into multisystem organ failure. While acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is still the leading etiology, a growing percentage of cases result from progression of baseline cardiomyopathy. The clinical exam can be augmented by ultrasonographic assessment focusing on cardiac function, volume status, and presence of pulmonary edema or pleural effusions. Early treatment should focus on supporting a patient’s hemodynamics, guided by ultrasound findings, along with provision of ventilatory support. Definitive treatment relies upon reversing the underlying cause, with particular emphasis on early culprit lesion–guided percutaneous coronary intervention for ACS. Patients with refractory cardiogenic shock should undergo urgent evaluation for candidacy for mechanical circulatory support devices as a bridge to recovery, ventricular assist device, or heart transplant.
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Rahimunnisa, K., V. Aparna, R. K. Harrini, and K. Kamalini. "Quantification of Blood Cells and Blood Disease Detection Using Image Processing." In Recent Trends in Intensive Computing. IOS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/apc210283.
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RBC (Red Blood Cells) and WBC (White Blood Cells) are the main constituents of blood. WBC fight infections by attacking bacteria and viruses, that invade the body, while RBC transports oxygen in the body. Many blood diseases can be detected using RBC and WBC count values. Immunity-related blood diseases like Leukopenia and Leukocytosis can be easily detected using the WBC count value. The manual counting method of blood cells in laboratories takes at least one day to get the blood results, which becomes a major drawback for healthcare sectors to diagnose the disease at the right time. More expensive pathological tests are also a major drawback. Accurate counting of blood cells is essential in the accurate diagnosis of the disease. The proposed system is used to calculate the RBC and WBC Count, Total blood Count, RBC and percentage and the blood disease (Leukocytosis, Leukopenia) from the input blood smear image. This will help laboratories to perform the counting of blood cells with high accuracy and less workload. This is achieved by pre-processing that involves grayscale conversion, image enhancement, noise removal, binary conversion of input image, followed by plane extraction and threshold-based Segmentation. The blood disease (Leukocytosis and Leukopenia) is detected using WBC percentage-based classification methodology. This approach obtained an accuracy of 98.4%, specificity of 88.889%, precision of 99.58%, F - Measure of 99.50%. Morphological operations are implemented using MATLAB software.
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Jabin, Shagufta, and J. K. Kapoor. "Treatment of Distillery Wastewater by Bioremediation Technique: A Green and Sustainable Alternative." In Bioremediation for Environmental Pollutants. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815123524123020011.
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Distillery industries generate a considerable amount of wastewater, having a high percentage of inorganic matter and organic compounds. Wastewater generated from distillery industries is dark brown in colour. Untreated wastewater from distillery industries have an adverse impact on the sustainability of the environment due to its high pollutant concentration. Hence, distillery industry effluent requires urgent attention for the minimization of toxic waste generation. Several technologies used in the elimination of pollutants from wastewater include physico-chemical and bioremediation techniques. Bioremediation technique is a simple, economical, and the most potential technique. Among bioremediation methods, anaerobic, aerobic, and various kinds of phytoremediation processes have been discussed here. Further, the removal of contaminants by bacteria, fungi, and algae has also been mentioned. A large amount of sludge generation by the anaerobic process also needs attention and proper management. It also outlines the mechanism of the decolourization of melanoidin by microorganisms. The role of different bioreactors in bioremediation technique has also been discussed in detail. Keeping in view the applicability of different bioremediation techniques discussed here for removal of melanoidin high biological oxygen demand (BOD), high chemical oxygen demand (COD), a heavy concentration of suspended solids, polysaccharide, lignin, protein and waxes, it is expected that this technique can be useful for further treatment in a variety of wastewater from distillery industries.
Conference papers on the topic "Oxygen percentage"
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Saithala, Janardhan Rao, Amjad Kharusi, Mohammed Ghafri, et al. "Failure Cases of Super Duplex Stainless Steel Pump Components." In CONFERENCE 2022. AMPP, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2022-17689.
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Abstract 25 Cr super duplex stainless steel (SDSS) centrifugal pumps have found vast applications in the Oil & Gas industry for produced water injection systems. An important factor in water injection pump material selection is the need to provide adequate corrosion resistance throughout the operating life cycle. Presence of solids and/or other contaminants in the pumped fluid (e.g. traces of solids, water cut percentage, hydrogen sulphide, chlorides, oxygen, and carbon dioxide content) can impact the corrosion resistance of water injection pumps. SDSS material is used in critical pump components such as casing body, impellers, shafts, balancing lines etc. The main focus of this paper is to present two cases of SDSS centrifugal pump component failures associated with a casing body and balancing line. Pitting corrosion mechanism was found to be the root cause of the both pump component failures. The factors contributed to these two failures will be discussed, in addition lessons learned & mitigation measures will be proposed.
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Turnbull, Alan, Gareth Hinds, and Shengqi Zhou. "Impact of Solution Chemistry on Pitting and Stress Corrosion Cracking of Steam Turbine Disc Steels." In CORROSION 2004. NACE International, 2004. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2004-04571.
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Abstract A summary is given of recent measurements to evaluate the effect of solution chemistry variables on the likelihood of stress corrosion cracking of a steam turbine disc steel, 3NiCrMoV. Exposure tests were carried out for the disc steel in the form of cylindrical tensile specimens stressed to 90% of σ0,2 and immersed at 90 °C for up to 22 months in deaerated pure water, aerated water, and aerated water containing 1.5 ppm chloride. Pitting was observed in all cases with the pit growth rate being greatest for the aerated water containing chloride. No cracking was observed in deaerated pure water but cracks initiated in aerated water. A minimum pit depth of about 50 μm was required for crack initiation. The percentage of pits with cracks at a specific depth in aerated solution was described by a Weibull function and seemed unaffected by chloride or exposure time. In order to assess the impact of two-shifting operation (on-load to off-load cycling) of a steam turbine plant, the effect of oxygen excursions on the corrosion potential of a steam turbine disc steel was studied. Off-load, the liquid film on the turbine surface was assumed to be aerated water, but a range of environments, including deaerated water, deaerated 300 ppb, 600 ppb and 1.5 ppm Cl- solution, and deaerated 300 ppb Cl- + 300 ppb SO42- solution, were considered to represent the range of possible condensate solution chemistry on-load. The measurements indicate a consistently higher mean corrosion potential compared with base-loading, although less marked in the presence of sulphate. The risk of increased pitting and stress corrosion cracking as a consequence of two-shifting would appear to depend critically on the concentration of sulphate in the condensate in service.
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Kumar, Dilip, Jiang Zhu, and Yongoh Shin. "Material Selection for Designing SAGD Plants." In CORROSION 2012. NACE International, 2012. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2012-01716.
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Abstract SAGD (Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage) is one of the most important processes being used for extracting oil from Alberta’s Oil Sands field. A typical SAGD facility in Alberta has several units that require careful potential corrosion evaluation and materials selection to ensure safety and integrity of the plant for full design life. These are (but not restricted to) well pads, bitumen treatment, deoiling, produced gas and evaporator systems. Many of these units are typical of SAGD and enough data on corrosion rates and materials performance may or may not be available. The major concerns that affect material selection in SAGD operations are carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) corrosion, high chlorides and total dissolved solids (TDS), oxygen ingress and operating temperature. For example, both well pads and bitumen treatment units are likely to see significant amounts of CO2 and H2S (with variation in percentages), high temperatures as well as considerable content of water and oil. High chlorides may also be present. Produced gas units will also have high levels of CO2 and H2S. Hence these units can witness high corrosion rates for carbon steel components particularly wherever conditions of two phase flow and/or high temperatures exist. High velocities may further complicate the condition. Deoiling systems may also have high levels of CO2, particularly, where there is a possibility of gas breakout due to pressure drop. Oxygen ingress in deoiling systems can also cause increased corrosion rate for carbon steel components. Evaporator systems pose another challenge in material selection due to the presence of extremely high levels of total dissolved solids (TDS) up to 100,000 ppm and very high chlorides up to or greater than 40,000 ppm and normal materials of choice such as austenitic stainless steels may not have an acceptable life. This paper discusses some of the corrosion risks involved in various units and elaborates on authors’ experience in materials selection for several new projects on designing SAGD plants.
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Rambabu, A., E. Sivanagi Reddy, and K. C. James Raju. "Role of oxygen mixing percentage on r.f sputtered and microwave annealed crystalline SrBi4Ti4O15 thin films." In SOLID STATE PHYSICS: Proceedings of the 58th DAE Solid State Physics Symposium 2013. AIP Publishing LLC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4872788.
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Keim, Timothy, Ramak Amjad, and Roger Fales. "Modeling and Feedback Control of Inspired Oxygen for Premature Infants." In ASME 2011 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference and Bath/ASME Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2011-6107.
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Premature infants are commonly treated for respiratory problems due to their underdeveloped lungs. Due to Respiratory Distress Syndrome, the infant requires mechanical ventilation or increased inspired oxygen. If the blood oxygen saturation is kept a too high of a level, the infant is at risk for retinopathy of prematurity. A safe level for the infant’s blood oxygen saturation is between 85–92%. An automatic control system would aid nurses in care of premature infants. Since each infant is different, the control system must be robust enough to achieve adequate control of the percentage of oxygen in inspired air administered to the patient. Clinical data is acquired from patient bedside monitors. A parameter estimating extended Kalman filter assuming a first order model is applied to the data to calculate a range of system gains and time constants. An error model is then created using the resulting ranges of parameters. Performance specifications are defined and a μ-synthesis controller is developed to automatically control the oxygen percentage of inspired air. The control system is analyzed using H∞ methods to determine whether robust stability and robust performance are achieved in the presence of system uncertainty described by the error model.
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Lin, Yilu, Han Wu, Karthik Nithyanandan, Timothy H. Lee, Chia-fon F. Lee, and Chunhua Zhang. "Investigation of High Percentage Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol (ABE) Blended With Diesel in a Constant Volume Chamber." In ASME 2014 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2014-5649.
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Bio-butanol, a promising alternative transportation fuel, has its industrial-scale production hindered significantly by high cost component purification process from acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) broth. The purpose of this study is to investigate the possibility of using ABE-Diesel blends with high ABE percentages as an alternative transportation fuel. An optical-accessible constant volume chamber capable of controlling ambient temperature, pressure and oxygen concentration was used to mimic the environmental conditions inside a real diesel engine cylinder. ABE fuel with typical volumetric ratios of 30% acetone, 60% butanol and 10% ethanol were blended with ultra-low sulfur diesel at 80% vol. and were tested in this study. The ambient temperature was set to be at 1100K and 900K, which represents normal combustion conditions and low temperature combustion conditions respectively. The ambient oxygen concentrations were set to be at 21%, 16% and 11%, representing different EGR ratios. The in-cylinder pressure was recorded by using a pressure transducer and the time-resolved Mie-scattering image and natural flame luminosity was captured using a high-speed camera coupled with a copper vapor laser. The results show that the liquid penetration is reduced by the high percentage of ABE in the blends. At the same time, the soot formation is reduced significantly by increasing oxygen content in the ABE fuel. Even more interesting, a soot-free combustion was achieved by combining the low temperature combustion with the higher percentage ABE case. In terms of soot emission, high ABE ratio blends are a very promising alternative fuel to be directly used in diesel engines especially under low-temperature combustion conditions.
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Haryanto, Ade, Keum-Shik Hong, and Chung Hwan Jeon. "Nonlinear model predictive control of an oxy-fuel combustion boiler for regulating the excess oxygen percentage in the flue gas." In SICE 2008 - 47th Annual Conference of the Society of Instrument and Control Engineers of Japan. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sice.2008.4655011.
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Ye, Zhengmao. "GDI Engine Exhaust Aftertreatment System Analysis and Oxygen Sensor Based Identification, Modeling and Control of Lean NOx Trap." In ASME 2003 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2003-0696.
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This paper presents a thorough analysis of the exhaust gas aftertreatment systems of Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) engines. The mechanism of the exhaust gas aftertreatment systems is investigated using chemical thermodynamics. The physical models of three-way-catalyst (TWC) and lean NOx trap (LNT) are presented. The objective is to propose an alternative approach for the identification of A/F ratio and oxygen concentration in the exhaust systems to substitute the costly oxygen sensors. A simple control scheme is included within the model identification and prediction results are compared with the testing data from the universal exhaust gas oxygen (UEGO) sensor and from the heated exhaust gas oxygen (HEGO) sensor. The oxygen storage effect has an essential impact on the LNT storage and purge operations, which will also affect the overall fuel economy of GDI engine systems. Its influence on the fuel economy has been estimated by numerical simulations, which is correspondent to the extra percentage of fuel consumption.
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Olinger, David S., and David G. Lilley. "A General C-H-O-N-S Fuel Combustion Program for Temperature and Product Species." In ASME 2005 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pwr2005-50181.
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As an aid to the simulation of combustion in the power generation industry, a computer code has been developed using Excel/VBA to permit the rapid calculation of adiabatic flame temperatures and product species compositions for a large variety of easily specified fuel and air reactant conditions. Results are calculated immediately for the cases of “air” (with specified oxygen volume percentage) as the oxidant, with and without dissociation. Alternatively, the product temperature may be identified, and then the heat transfer in the combustor is calculated. In the general computer code developed, the very general fuel is specified by way of its C-H-O-N-S values. Additional water content may be specified. The “air” is specified by way of the volume percentage of oxygen and the other component (nitrogen and/or carbon dioxide). The temperatures of each reactant (fuel and “air”) are specified by the user. The computer code is very user friendly, with automatic nested loops for parameter variation and automatic generation of graphs, which are particularly useful in assessing the particular process under consideration.
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Zhang, J., L. Wang, Y. Wang, J. Cao, and B. Y. Chen. "PSG Analysis of Severe OSA Patients with Different Percentage of Cumulative Time with Oxygen Saturation Below 90% in Total Sleep Time (T90%)." In American Thoracic Society 2020 International Conference, May 15-20, 2020 - Philadelphia, PA. American Thoracic Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2020.201.1_meetingabstracts.a4146.
Full textReports on the topic "Oxygen percentage"
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Nagel, Jessica, Holly Plaisted, Christopher Peck, and Paul Duffy. Condition and trends of estuarine water quality and seagrass in Assateague Island National Seashore: Northeast Coastal and Barrier Network, 2005-2022. National Park Service, 2025. https://doi.org/10.36967/2310561.
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This report summarizes conditions and trends in routine long-term water quality monitoring and seagrass data collected at Assateague Island National Seashore in Maryland and Virginia from 2005 through 2022 as part of the NPS NCBN Vital Signs Estuarine Nutrient Enrichment monitoring program. This comprehensive program incorporates spatial surveys, repeated monitoring at trend stations, and continuous monitoring at a fixed logging station in an effort to establish overall water quality condition of the estuary as well as to identify potential trends or changes in condition over time. All monitoring was conducted during a four-week summer index period, biennially Monitored variables included dissolved oxygen concentration, chlorophyll-a concentration, attenuation of downwelling photosynthetically available radiation (PAR), salinity, temperature, turbidity, and pH. In addition, long-term monitoring of seagrass condition was conducted at permanently established transects. Water quality condition and trends were generally consistent between the spatial station surveys, the trend stations, and continuous logging station. Despite declines in turbidity over time, water clarity, as measured by PAR attenuation, was typically poor throughout the majority of the monitored area in most years sampled. Although there were several years when approximately 50% of the estuary was classified as being in poor condition with respect to chlorophyll-a concentrations, the majority of the estuary was typically classified as being in fair condition in most years. Bottom dissolved oxygen concentrations were consistently classified as being in good condition throughout the majority of the estuary. While there was no statistical evidence of significantly increasing water temperature over time, summertime temperatures at the logging station, most trend stations, and in a large percentage of the estuary exceeded 28°C in several years. Trends in seagrass condition varied by species with eelgrass experiencing significant declines and widgeon grass increasing significantly over the monitoring timeframe. The identification of status and trends may help managers to make better informed decisions, develop effective mitigation measures, reduce management costs, and provide a means of measuring progress towards goals.
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Nagel, Jessica, Holly Paisted, Christopher Peck, and Paul Duffy. Condition and trends of estuarine water quality and seagrass in Fire Island National Seashore: Northeast Coastal and Barrier Network, 2003–2022. National Park Service, 2025. https://doi.org/10.36967/2311455.
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This report summarizes conditions and trends in routine long-term water quality monitoring and seagrass data collected at Fire Island National Seashore in New York from 2003 through 2022 as part of the NPS NCBN Vital Signs Estuarine Nutrient Enrichment monitoring program. This comprehensive program incorporates spatial surveys, repeated monitoring at trend stations, and continuous monitoring at a fixed logging station in an effort to establish overall water quality condition of the estuary as well as to identify potential trends or changes in condition over time. All monitoring was conducted during a four-week summer index period. Monitored variables included dissolved oxygen concentration, chlorophyll-a concentration, attenuation of downwelling photosynthetically available radiation (PAR), salinity, temperature, turbidity, and pH. In addition, long-term monitoring of seagrass condition was conducted at permanently established transects. Water quality condition and trends were generally consistent between the spatial station surveys, the trend stations, and continuous logging station. Although the majority of the monitored area was generally classified as being in fair to good condition for most years sampled, there were several years when more than 50% of the park estuary was classified as being in poor condition with respect to chlorophyll-a concentrations and water clarity, as measured by PAR attenuation. Bottom dissolved oxygen concentrations were consistently classified as being in good condition throughout the majority of the estuary. While there was no statistical evidence of significantly increasing water temperature over time, summertime temperatures at the logging station, most trend stations, and in a large percentage of the estuary exceeded 25°C in several years. The formation of the new inlet following Hurricane Sandy in 2012 resulted in significant increases in salinity throughout the system and significant declines in temperature at the trend station closest to the inlet. Trends in seagrass condition in the park’s reference bed varied by species with eelgrass experiencing precipitous declines followed by its complete disappearance and widgeon grass persisting despite significant declines over the monitoring timeframe. The identification of status and trends may help managers to make better informed decisions, develop effective mitigation measures, reduce management costs, and provide a means of measuring progress towards goals.
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Nagel, Jessica, Holly Plaisted, Christopher Peck, and Paul Duffy. Condition and trends of estuarine water quality and seagrass in Cape Cod National Seashore: Northeast Coastal and Barrier Network, 2003-2022. National Park Service, 2025. https://doi.org/10.36967/2310108.
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This report summarizes conditions and trends in routine long-term water quality monitoring and seagrass data collected at Cape Cod National Seashore in Massachusetts from 2003 through 2022 as part of the NPS NCBN Vital Signs Estuarine Nutrient Enrichment monitoring program. This comprehensive program incorporates spatial surveys, repeated monitoring at trend stations, and continuous monitoring at a fixed logging station in an effort to establish overall water quality condition of the estuary as well as to identify potential trends or changes in condition over time. The monitored area included three units or strata, and all monitoring was conducted during a four-week summer index period. Monitored variables included dissolved oxygen concentration, chlorophyll-a concentration, attenuation of downwelling photosynthetically available radiation (PAR), salinity, temperature, turbidity, and pH. In addition, long-term monitoring of seagrass condition was conducted at permanently established transects in two reference beds. Water quality condition and trends were generally consistent between the spatial station surveys, the trend stations, and continuous logging station. Although chlorophyll-a concentrations and water clarity, as measured by PAR attenuation, were generally classified as being in fair to good condition throughout the majority of the park estuaries with improving or stable trends, poor conditions were still observed occasionally within the park over the timeframe between 2007 and 2021. Bottom dissolved oxygen concentrations exhibited significant improving trends and were consistently classified as being in good condition throughout the majority of the park estuaries. A significant increase in water temperature was observed in one stratum and across all trend stations over time, and summertime temperatures at the logging station, most trend stations, and in a large percentage of the estuary exceeded 25°C in several years. Significant declines in eelgrass in the park's reference seagrass beds between 2003 and 2022 suggest that conditions in the shallow and deep extremes are becoming less conducive for supporting eelgrass growth. Given that water temperatures in the park are increasing and that warmer temperatures may negatively affect both water quality and seagrass, the continued monitoring of estuarine nutrient enrichment vital signs and seagrass condition will be essential for managers to make informed decisions, develop effective mitigation measures, reduce management costs, and provide a means of measuring progress towards goals.
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Wright, Wendy, and M. Gregory. Fixed-station water-quality monitoring at Canaveral National Seashore: 2005 to 2009 Data Summary. National Park Service, 2013. https://doi.org/10.36967/2195998.
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In 2005 the National Park Service (NPS) Southeast Coast Network (SECN) began collecting water-quality data in the estuarine waters of Canaveral National Seashore as part the NPS Vital Signs monitoring program. The scope of the monitoring program includes Mosquito Lagoon and is comprised of continuous water-quality monitoring conducted by the SECN at one site and is augmented with monthly data collected at five stations by St. Johns River Water Management District (SJRWMD). The continuous-monitoring data station is located at the Canaveral National Seashore visitor center dock and collects pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature, salinity, turbidity and water-level data every 30 minutes. The five stations located throughout Mosquito Lagoon are sampled by Volusia County for the SJRWMD as part of the District’s Indian River Lagoon Water-Quality Monitoring Network; data at these five stations include monthly measurements of water-clarity conditions, nutrients, and chlorophyll a levels. Both the SECN and the SJRWMD programs use methods adapted from, or compatible with, the water-quality monitoring program established by the National Estuarine Research Reserve Program. The Canaveral National Seashore fixed-station water-quality monitoring site is part of the SECN estuarine water- and sediment-quality monitoring efforts, which routinely collects data in the vicinity of seven park units along the southeastern U.S. coast. Information collected by this monitoring program will be used to help managers make better-informed decisions by understanding trends and variability related to water-quality conditions in park waters. This report only addresses the continuous data collected at one site at the Canaveral National Seashore Visitors Center. Mean monthly temperatures ranged from 16.6 °C in January and February of 2009 to 31.4 °C in August 2007. Highest water temperatures at CANA were typically observed during the late summer months of July and August with the coolest temperatures in January and February. Mean monthly salinity values averaged 35.5 ppt for this period and ranged from 27.6 ppt in June 2009 to 44.0 ppt in June 2008. Typically, lower salt concentrations were common in the winter and higher during the summer months. Rainfall events, tropical storms, and periods of drought influence salinities. Mean monthly dissolved oxygen levels ranged from 3.8 mg/L in June 2007 to 8.1 mg/L during January 2008. Mean monthly dissolved oxygen levels were typically lowest from June to October. Mean daily dissolved oxygen levels occasionally dropped below 3 mg/L during summer 2007 and fall 2009. Mean monthly pH values averaged 8.01 during this period. Almost all daily average values were between 7.5 and 8.5 except for several days during August when pH values briefly dropped below 7.0. Mean monthly turbidity ranged from 1.6 NTU in January 2008 to 34 NTUs in June 2008. Mean monthly average turbidity level for the period was 11.4 NTUs; however, mean daily turbidity values were highly variable. Water depth at the sampling site varied by 0.5 meters during the period of monitoring. From July 2005 until April 2007 and during July 2007all data collected were flagged due to lack of proper calibration procedures and instrument failures and are not shown in this report. Excluding this period, the average percentage of valid data (all parameters) collected monthly ranged from 14 % to 100 %. During this same period approximately 83 % of all data collected at this site is available for use.