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Journal articles on the topic 'Oxygen. Soil aeration. Soils'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Knee, Michael, and Ruth Brake. "Growth of Ornamental Plants in Compacted Soils in Relation to Root Growth under Low Oxygen and High Atmospheric Pressure." HortScience 33, no. 3 (1998): 479d—479. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.479d.

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In urban situations, particularly after construction, herbaceous ornamentals may be planted into soils that are compacted or have poor structure so that plant roots may encounter poor aeration or physical resistance. Low oxygen concentrations may be the most important aspect of poor aeration and are readily reproduced in the laboratory. High atmospheric pressure might be used to screen for the ability to grow against physical resistance. We tested the suggestion that “native” plants would grow better in compacted soils than typical bedding plants and for differences in tolerance to low oxygen

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2

Syafruddin, S., G. Wieshammer, M. Puschenreiter, I. Langer, M. Wieshammer-Zivkovic, and W. W. Wenzel. "Effect of N and P fertilisation and aeration on biodegradation of crude oil in aged hydrocarbon contaminated soils." Plant, Soil and Environment 56, No. 4 (2010): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/146/2009-pse.

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We conducted two laboratory experiments to examine the effects of fertilisation and agitation (aeration) on crude oil degradation in two soils with differential nutrient (nitrogen, phosphorus) availability. Two soils that had been spiked with crude oil two years before were mixed with nitrogen and/or phosphorus at three different levels and subsequently incubated 28 days (Exp. 1). In experiment 2 we investigated the effect of repeated agitation (manual mixing) on hydrocarbon degradation with and without fertilisation. One of the soils was also freshly spiked to assess the impact of ageing. Hep

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3

Meyer, WS, HD Barrs, RCG Smith, NS White, AD Heritage, and DL Short. "Effect of irrigation on soil oxygen status and root and shoot growth of wheat in a clay soil." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 36, no. 2 (1985): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9850171.

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Two watering treatments (flood and control) were applied to undisturbed (bulk density �? 1.6 mg mm-3 ) and repacked �? 1.2 mg mm-3 ) cylinders of Marah clay loam. The cylinders (0.75 m o.d. by 1.4 m deep) were housed in a lysimeter facility. Wheat (cv. Egret) was grown in the cylinders and the soil was either kept well watered with frequent small amounts of water (control treatment) or subjected to three separate periods, ranging from 4 to 72 h, of surface inundation (flood treatment). The greater pore space and better drainage of the repacked soil ensured that its average level of soil oxygen

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4

Chaudhry, Urooj Fatima. "Waterlogging In Cotton: Stress, Consequences, Adaptability, Mechanisms and Measures for Mitigation of Yield Losses." Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Biosciences 9, no. 4 (2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2582-2845.8750.

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From many years, global cotton production suffers from waterlogging stress. Climatic variation and heavy rainfall conditions with poor internal soil drainage mechanism limits the growth and development of cotton crop due to waterlogging. It reduced the soil oxygen which causes the severe yield losses and sometimes even failure of a crop. Indeterminate growth habit of cotton plant makes it able to adapt this stress by activation of the escape, self compensation and quiescence mechanism. The reduction of biomass, development of adventitious roots and accelerated growth mechanism, all are associa

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5

Dougherty, Phillip M., and Charles A. Gresham. "Conceptual Analysis of Southern Pine Plantation Establishment and Early Growth." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 12, no. 3 (1988): 160–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/12.3.160.

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Abstract Southern pine seedling silvical requirements for early survival and growth are examined in relation to physical and chemical properties of soils of the southeastern United States. Because of its influence on almost every plant process, soil moisture is the factor of greatest concern. Solar radiation is also critical in the first years because of intense competition for light by seedlings and competing vegetation. The importance of soil aeration is also commonly realized, especially in the coastal plain. However, the threshold soil oxygen levels for survival and growth are not known. W

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Day, S. D., N. L. Bassuk, and H. van Es. "Effects of Four Compaction Remediation Methods for Landscape Trees on Soil Aeration, Mechanical Impedance and Tree Establishment." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 13, no. 2 (1995): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-13.2.64.

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Abstract Landscape trees are often planted in heavily compacted soils around newly constructed buildings or in urban areas. Under such conditions, trees frequently die, or decline prematurely. Four techniques for improving tree establishment on such sites were studied: peat-amended backfill; vertical drainage mat panels; radiating trenches filled with sandy loam soil; and vertical, gravel-filled sump drains. Sugar maple (Acer saccharum ‘Seneca Chief’), a species sensitive to soil compaction, and the less sensitive Callery pear (Pyrus calleryana ‘Redspire’) were planted bare root into treatment

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SIMOJOKI, A. "Responses of soil respiration and barley growth to modified supply of oxygen in the soil." Agricultural and Food Science 9, no. 4 (2000): 303–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.5671.

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Roots of dry-land plants are supplied with oxygen mainly by molecular diffusion from soil air. Roots may suffer from hypoxia if soil aeration is reduced by compaction and wetting. Although the mechanisms involved are well known, more research is needed to relate soil aeration status to plant growth. The effects of reduced oxygen supply on soil respiration and the growth of barley seedlings were studied in pot experiments with fine sand soil, where the soil air composition was varied by flushing the soil with gas streams containing 0%, 2%, 6%, 10% or 20% O2 independently of compactness (bulk de

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8

Jayawardane, NS, and J. Blackwell. "The effects of gypsum-enriched slots on moisture movement and aeration in an irrigated swelling clay." Soil Research 23, no. 4 (1985): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9850481.

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The low yields of flood irrigated row crops on transitional red-brown earths have been attributed to low infiltration rates and poor aeration. A new method for soil amelioration using gypsum-enriched slots to overcome these limitations was investigated in a field experiment. Gypsum-enriched slots were formed by excavating 0.4 m deep and 0.15 m wide parallel slots, mixing the excavated soil with gypsum and loosely refilling the slots. Moisture and aeration profiles were regularly monitored using a neutron moisture meter during the cropping season on field plots with gypsum enriched slots, and o

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9

Włodarczyk, T., J. Gliński, and U. Kotowska. "N₂O emission from mineral soils – Reviews." Research in Agricultural Engineering 50, No. 3 (2012): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4937-rae.

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Increasing deposition of N-compounds cause environmental problems such as leaching of nitrate or enhanced emission of N<sub>2</sub>O. Most N<sub>2</sub>O is formed from dissimilatory reduction of nitrate in oxygen deficient environment, although it can also be produced from chemolitotrophic and heterotrophic nitrification and assimilatory reduction of nitrate in aerobic conditions. N<sub>2</sub>O production is affected by many physical and biochemical factors, such as: the nature and amount of organic matter available as energy sources to the denitrifiers an

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10

Ley, Martin, Moritz F. Lehmann, Pascal A. Niklaus, and Jörg Luster. "Alteration of nitrous oxide emissions from floodplain soils by aggregate size, litter accumulation and plant–soil interactions." Biogeosciences 15, no. 22 (2018): 7043–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-7043-2018.

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Abstract. Semi-terrestrial soils such as floodplain soils are considered potential hot spots of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Microhabitats in the soil – such as within and outside of aggregates, in the detritusphere, and/or in the rhizosphere – are considered to promote and preserve specific redox conditions. Yet our understanding of the relative effects of such microhabitats and their interactions on N2O production and consumption in soils is still incomplete. Therefore, we assessed the effect of aggregate size, buried leaf litter, and plant–soil interactions on the occurrence of enhanced N

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11

Silins, U., and R. L. Rothwell. "Spatial patterns of aerobic limit depth and oxygen diffusion rate at two peatlands drained for forestry in Alberta." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 29, no. 1 (1999): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x98-179.

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The spatial variability of soil aeration (aerobic limit depth and oxygen diffusion rate (ODR)) among different drainage ditch spacings and at various distances from drainage ditches was examined at two peatlands drained for forestry in north-central Alberta. Drainage lowered mean water table levels (p < 0.001) at both peatlands. Lower water table levels within drained areas were associated with greater aerobic limit depths (p < 0.001) and greater ODR (p < 0.001 at Saulteaux River; p < 0.027 at Wolf Creek) compared with undrained areas of both peatlands. Spatial patterns of aerobic

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12

Topp, G. C., B. Dow, M. Edwards, E. G. Gregorich, W. E. Curnoe, and F. J. Cook. "Oxygen measurements in the root zone facilitated by TDR." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 80, no. 1 (2000): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s99-037.

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Deleterious soil structural conditions, as from compaction, can reduce plant growth and yields by reducing aeration and oxygen in the rooting environment. Using a double-membrane oxygen cathode in each of four corn plots, we measured soil oxygen concentrations in duplicate at depths of 5, 10, 20 and 30 cm during the growing season. In addition, temperature, water content and bulk density determinations allowed the monitoring of O2 concentration trends under no-till and conventional-till corn management. Carbon dioxide flux from the soil surface was measured weekly. Temporal patterns of O2 leve

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13

Sun, Yafei, Junling Pang, Shiyao Wang, et al. "Confirmation the optimal aeration parameters for nitrogen removal and nitrous oxide emission in wastewater ecological soil infiltration systems with brown earth." Water Science and Technology 80, no. 1 (2019): 144–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2019.260.

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Abstract Nitrogen removal is an obstacle for the wide application of wastewater ecological soil infiltration (WESI) system in domestic wastewater treatment. In this study, matrix dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrogen removal and nitrous oxide (N2O) emission in aerated pilot WESI systems were investigated under different aeration times (1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 h/d) and aeration rates (1, 2, 3 and 4 L/min). The results showed that aerobic conditions in upper matrix and anoxic or anaerobic conditions in the subsequent matrix were developed in an aerated/non-aerated cycle at the optimal aeration condition of a

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14

Conrad, Ralf. "Methane Production in Soil Environments—Anaerobic Biogeochemistry and Microbial Life between Flooding and Desiccation." Microorganisms 8, no. 6 (2020): 881. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8060881.

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Flooding and desiccation of soil environments mainly affect the availability of water and oxygen. While water is necessary for all life, oxygen is required for aerobic microorganisms. In the absence of O2, anaerobic processes such as CH4 production prevail. There is a substantial theoretical knowledge of the biogeochemistry and microbiology of processes in the absence of O2. Noteworthy are processes involved in the sequential degradation of organic matter coupled with the sequential reduction of electron acceptors, and, finally, the formation of CH4. These processes follow basic thermodynamic

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15

Mongon, Jenjira, Dennis Konnerup, Timothy D. Colmer, and Benjavan Rerkasem. "Responses of rice to Fe2+ in aerated and stagnant conditions: growth, root porosity and radial oxygen loss barrier." Functional Plant Biology 41, no. 9 (2014): 922. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp13359.

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Lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) encounters flooded soils that are anaerobic and chemically reduced. Exposure of the roots to high soil Fe2+ concentrations can result in toxicity. Internal aeration delivering O2 to submerged roots via the aerenchyma is well understood, but the effect of Fe2+ on O2 transport in roots is less studied. We aimed to evaluate the effects of Fe2+ on growth and root aeration. O. sativa var. Amaroo was grown in aerobic and deoxygenated solutions with 0 mM, 0.18 mM, 0.36 mM, 0.54 mM or 0.72 mM Fe2+ using FeSO4.7H2O and a control with 0.05 mM Fe-EDTA. The treatments were i

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16

WILSON, G. V., B. R. THIESSE, and H. D. SCOTT. "RELATIONSHIPS AMONG OXYGEN FLUX, SOIL WATER TENSION, AND AERATION POROSITY IN A DRYING SOIL PROFILE1." Soil Science 139, no. 1 (1985): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00010694-198501000-00005.

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17

Chen, Jingna, Zefang Jiang, Yue Chen, et al. "Pollutants removal, greenhouse gases emission and functional genes in wastewater ecological soil infiltration systems: influences of influent surface organic loading and aeration mode." Water Science and Technology 83, no. 7 (2021): 1619–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2021.087.

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Abstract The influences of influent surface organic loading rate (SOLR) and aeration mode on matrix oxygen, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus removal, greenhouse gases emission and functional gene abundances in lab-scale wastewater ecological soil infiltration systems (WESISs) were investigated. In WESISs, intermittent or continuous aeration improved oxygen supply at 50 cm depth and hardly changed anaerobic condition below 80 cm depth, which enhanced chemical oxygen demand (COD), NH4+-N, total nitrogen (TN) removal, the abundances of bacterial 16S rRNA, amoA, nxrA, narG, napA, nirK, nirS, q

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18

Zhao, Yan, Xun Wang, Youshao Wang, et al. "Effects of Salt on Root Aeration, Nitrification, and Nitrogen Uptake in Mangroves." Forests 10, no. 12 (2019): 1131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10121131.

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The potential effects of salt on the growth, root anatomy, radial oxygen loss (ROL), and nitrogen (N) dynamics in mangroves were investigated using the seedlings of Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh. The results showed that a moderate salinity (200 mM NaCl) appeared to have little negative effect on the growth of A. marina. However, higher salt stresses (400 and 600 mM NaCl) significantly inhibited the biomass yield. Concentrations of N in the roots and leaves decreased sharply with increasing salinity. Nevertheless, the presence of salt directly altered root anatomy (e.g., reduced root porosity

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19

Steffens, D., B. W. Hütsch, T. Eschholz, T. Lošák, and S. Schubert. "Water logging may inhibit plant growth primarily by nutrient deficiency rather than nutrient toxicity." Plant, Soil and Environment 51, No. 12 (2011): 545–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3630-pse.

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The aim of our experiments was to investigate whether nutrient deficiency or toxicity is the cause for growth inhibition of wheat and barley in waterlogged soils. Experiments using two soils (top and subsoil) differing largely in various characteristics revealed a growth inhibition of wheat and barley in the case of subsoil due to water logging, without Fe or Mn toxicity. Water culture experiments with anaerobic (N<sub>2</sub>) and aerobic aeration confirmed that oxygen deficiency did not induce nutrient toxicity (Fe, Mn) but caused sub-optimum nutrient supply (N, P, K, Mn, Cu, Zn)

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Hellauer, Karin, Dorothea Mergel, Aki Ruhl, et al. "Advancing Sequential Managed Aquifer Recharge Technology (SMART) Using Different Intermediate Oxidation Processes." Water 9, no. 3 (2017): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w9030221.

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Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) systems are an efficient barrier for many contaminants. The biotransformation of trace organic chemicals (TOrCs) strongly depends on the redox conditions as well as on the dissolved organic carbon availability. Oxic and oligotrophic conditions are favored for enhanced TOrCs removal which is obtained by combining two filtration systems with an intermediate aeration step. In this study, four parallel laboratory-scale soil column experiments using different intermittent aeration techniques were selected to further optimize TOrCs transformation during MAR: no aeratio

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Tian, Xiao Yan, Zhi Ming Zhou, Chang Bing Ye, and Dong Liang Dai. "Study on Combined Soil Purification Tank System Reactor in Treatment of Domestic Sewage." Advanced Materials Research 815 (October 2013): 389–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.815.389.

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To solve the problems of dead angle and low dissolved oxygen of current soil purification tank system, the combined soil purification tank system reactor was designed to treat domestic sewage by our research group. The results of 10 months indicated that the optimal hydraulic retention time (HRT) were 2.5d; the influent COD concentration fluctuating at 130~350mg/L; the optimal aeration opposition were in the front and the rear end with using the intermittent aeration mode; Under these conditions as above, the COD, NH4+-N, TN and TP average removal rates were 88.8%(S=1.51%), 91.2%(S=1.30%), 89.

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Xu, Lu Yang. "Use Horizontal Aeration Method to Treat Organic Pollution in Soil." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 1364–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.1364.

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This design adopts the method of horizontal arrangement to set the aerator pipes because it’s more effective than an upright way. The pipes are divided into two vertical levels. Firstly there should be an excavation of foundation pit or grooves to put the pipes in two levels. Then the pipes in two levels can be set at vertical directions. After burying the pipe the earth should be backfilled into the grooves. When backfilling the lower level groove, we put some certain microorganism to help cleaning the organic pollution. While working, the pipes above are mainly used to manufacturing gas phas

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O'Leary, Amy, Paul Henry, and She-Kong Chong. "600 The Effect of Weed Control Methods on Soil Physical Properties and Plant Growth." HortScience 34, no. 3 (1999): 550D—550. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.550d.

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There has been recent speculation in trade journals that landscape fabrics, while doing an excellent job of weed control, may have a detrimental effect on ornamental plant growth. A study is in progress to investigate the manner in which hardwood mulch and applied landscape fabric affect soil temperature, soil aeration, and water content over 18 months. Two experiments are in progress, one with compost incorporated at 50% soil volume, the other with no compost incorporation. The experimental design is a randomized complete block with four treatments (mulch, fabric, fabric plus mulch, and contr

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Azoor, Rukshan, Ravin Deo, and Jayantha Kodikara. "Modelling and testing of optimum soil moisture levels in the corrosion of underground pipelines." E3S Web of Conferences 92 (2019): 16002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199216002.

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Corrosion is one of the major factors leading to the failure of buried pipelines. Soil properties such as aeration, moisture content and level of compaction are known to cause variations in the level of corrosion of buried metallic structures. It is known that, at a particular soil moisture content, the corrosion rate reaches a maximum value. While this phenomenon is generally understood, an explanation from a soil mechanics perspective with mechanisms for soil water continuity and mass transport processes is currently lacking. This work fills this void by modelling the moisture-controlled dif

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Feng, G., L. Wu, and J. Letey. "EVALUATING AERATION CRITERIA BY SIMULTANEOUS MEASUREMENT OF OXYGEN DIFFUSION RATE AND SOIL-WATER REGIME." Soil Science 167, no. 8 (2002): 495–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00010694-200208000-00001.

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Pendergast, L., S. P. Bhattarai, and D. J. Midmore. "Benefits of oxygation of subsurface drip-irrigation water for cotton in a Vertosol." Crop and Pasture Science 64, no. 12 (2013): 1171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp13348.

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Australian cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is predominantly grown on heavy clay soils (Vertosols). Cotton grown on Vertosols often experiences episodes of low oxygen concentration in the root-zone, particularly after irrigation events. In subsurface drip-irrigation (SDI), cotton receives frequent irrigation and sustained wetting fronts are developed in the rhizosphere. This can lead to poor soil diffusion of oxygen, causing temporal and spatial hypoxia. As cotton is sensitive to waterlogging, exposure to this condition can result in a significant yield penalty. Use of aerated water for drip irr

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SIMOJOKI, A., O. FAZEKAS-BECKER, and R. HORN. "Macro- and microscale gaseous diffusion in a Stagnic Luvisol as affected by compaction and reduced tillage." Agricultural and Food Science 17, no. 3 (2008): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.2137/145960608786118820.

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Intensification of mechanical agriculture has increased the risk for soil compaction and deformation. Simultaneously, reduced tillage practices have become popular due to energy saving and environmental concerns, as they may strengthen and improve the functioning of structured soil pore system. Soil aeration is affected by both compaction and reduced tillage through changes in soil structure and in the distribution of easily decomposable organic matter. We investigated whether a single wheeling by a 35 000 kg sugar-beet harvester in a Stagnic Luvisol derived from loess near Göttingen, Germany,

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Orlowski, N., H. G. Frede, N. Brüggemann, and L. Breuer. "Validation and application of a cryogenic vacuum extraction system for soil and plant water extraction for isotope analysis." Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems 2, no. 2 (2013): 179–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/jsss-2-179-2013.

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Abstract. Stable isotopic analysis of water in plant, soil, and hydrological studies often requires the extraction of water from plant or soil samples. Cryogenic vacuum extraction is one of the most widely used and accurate extraction methods to obtain such water samples. Here, we present a new design of a cryogenic vacuum extraction system with 18 extraction slots and an innovative mechanism to aerate the vacuum system after extraction. This mobile and extendable multi-port extraction system overcomes the bottleneck of time required for capturing unfractionated extracted water samples by prov

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Caron, J., P. Morel, L. M. Rivière, and G. Guillemain. "Identifying appropriate methodology to diagnose aeration limitations with large peat and bark particles in growing media." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 90, no. 3 (2010): 481–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss09015.

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Large-sized particles (coarse peat, bark or sawdust) are often added to growing media to improve substrate aeration properties (gas storage and exchange). Recent studies have shown that large fragments mixed with fines may create barriers that restrict gas diffusion or create competition for oxygen even if they improve air storage. An experiment was carried out to compare the growth performances of growing media containing large fragments and to assess their aeration status using different methods. Different mixes were made of a fine sphagnum peat (average size 2.4 mm) and a coarse (1-2, 2-4,

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ENGELAAR, W. M. H. G., M. W. BRUGGEN, W. P. M. HOEK, M. A. H. HUYSER, and C. W. P. M. BLOM. "Root porosities and radial oxygen losses of Rumex and Plantago species as influenced by soil pore diameter and soil aeration." New Phytologist 125, no. 3 (1993): 565–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1993.tb03904.x.

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Zheng, Fanping, Chaoquan Tan, Wanyuan Hou, Linli Huang, Jing Pan, and Shiyue Qi. "Does influent COD/N ratio affect nitrogen removal and N2O emission in a novel biochar-sludge amended soil wastewater infiltration system (SWIS)?" Water Science and Technology 78, no. 2 (2018): 347–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2018.304.

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Abstract Nitrogen removal and N2O emission of a biochar-sludge amended soil wastewater infiltration system (SWIS) with/without intermittent aeration under different influent COD/N ratios was investigated. Nitrogen removal and N2O emission were affected by influent COD/N ratio. Under a COD/N ratio between 1:1 and 15:1, average chemical oxygen demand (COD), NH4+-N and total nitrogen (TN) removal rates decreased with COD/N ratio increase in non-aerated SWISs amended with/without biochar-sludge; an increasing COD/N ratio hardly affected COD and NH4+-N removal in a biochar-sludge amended SWIS with

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Pang, Junling, Mo Yang, Deli Tong, et al. "Does influent C/N ratio affect pollutant removal and greenhouse gas emission in wastewater ecological soil infiltration systems with/without intermittent aeration?" Water Science and Technology 81, no. 4 (2020): 668–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2020.141.

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Abstract Wastewater ecological soil infiltration system (WESIS) is a land treatment technology for decentralized wastewater treatment that has been applied all over the world. In this study, the pollutant removal, emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and functional gene abundances with different influent C/N ratios were evaluated in WESISs with/without intermittent aeration. Intermittent aeration and influent C/N ratio affect pollutant removal and GHG emission. Increased influent C/N ratio led to high total nitrogen (TN) removal, low CH4 and N2O emission in the aerated WESIS, which was differen

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Burns, Ian G. "Duncan Joseph Greenwood. 16 October 1932 — 13 February 2010." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 70 (January 13, 2021): 189–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2020.0037.

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During his 55-year career as a highly distinguished scientist, Duncan Greenwood made a major contribution to the field of soil science and plant nutrition. His early studies on soil aeration revolutionized thinking on the mechanisms by which oxygen influences the activity of microorganisms and their metabolism of organic substances in structured soil. His ideas resulted in the ‘micro-site concept of soil aeration’, which is still widely accepted today. Later he turned his attention to the nutritional requirements of vegetable crops at a time when the horticultural industry was starting to intr

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Zhu, Yan, Huanjie Cai, Libing Song, Xiaowen Wang, Zihui Shang, and Yanan Sun. "Aerated Irrigation of Different Irrigation Levels and Subsurface Dripper Depths Affects Fruit Yield, Quality and Water Use Efficiency of Greenhouse Tomato." Sustainability 12, no. 7 (2020): 2703. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072703.

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Aerated irrigation (AI) is a method to mitigate rhizosphere hypoxia caused by the wetting front from subsurface drip irrigation (SDI). This study evaluated the impacts of AI on soil aeration, plant growth performance, fruit yield (tomato), irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE), fruit nutrition (lycopene and Vitamin C (VC)) and taste (soluble sugar, organic acid and sugar–acid ratio) quality. A three-factorial experiment including AI and SDI at three irrigation levels (W0.6, W0.8 and W1.0, corresponding with crop-pan coefficients of 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0) and two dripper depths (D15 and D25, burial

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Henry, Paul H., She-Kong Chong, and Amy O'Leary. "Effect of Weed Control Methods Upon Soil Physical Properties and Plant Growth." HortScience 33, no. 3 (1998): 521c—521. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.521c.

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There has been speculation in trade journals that landscape fabrics, while doing a excellent job of weed control, may have a detrimental effect upon growth of landscape plants. A study is in progress to investigate the manner in which applied landscape fabric affects soil aeration, soil temperature, and water infiltration rate over a period of 18 months. The experimental design is a split-plot with main plots specified as composted or non-composted areas. Within each main plot, the design is a randomized complete-block with four blocks and four treatments per block (control, bark mulch, landsc

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Chen, Haon-Yao, Pui-Kwan Andy Hong, Ping-Yi Yang, et al. "A pilot study on suspended activated sludge process augmented with immobilized biomass for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification." Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination 5, no. 2 (2015): 157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2015.087.

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Concurrent nitrification and denitrification (CND) are natural phenomena in the soil environment that can be applied in wastewater treatment for enhanced total nitrogen removal. However, significant renovation is necessary for existing plants to equip them for nutrient removal. At a domestic wastewater treatment plant, we performed a pilot test by installing bioplates with entrapped biomass in a conventional aeration basin for CND, and investigated the effects of bioplate packing ratio (PR), hydraulic retention time (HRT), dissolved oxygen (DO) level, on/off aeration mode, and supplemental car

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McKee, Karen L., Irving A. Mendelssohn, and David M. Burdick. "Effect of long-term flooding on root metabolic response in five freshwater marsh plant species." Canadian Journal of Botany 67, no. 12 (1989): 3446–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b89-421.

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Five freshwater marsh plant species exhibited different root metabolic responses when flooded to three water depths in field macrocosms. The capacity for alcoholic fermentation (as indicated by alcohol dehydrogenase activity) increased and remained at a relatively high level in the roots of the least flood-tolerant species, Scolochloa festucacea, but was not stimulated significantly or only temporarily in the more tolerant species, Scirpus acutus, Scirpus validus, Typha glauca, and Phragmites australis. During the first month of flooding, alcohol dehydrogenase activity showed a positive relati

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Woźniak, R., U. Dittmer, and A. Welker. "Interaction of oxygen concentration and retention of pollutants in vertical flow constructed wetlands for CSO treatment." Water Science and Technology 56, no. 3 (2007): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.502.

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The EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) calls for a good quality of all water bodies. Retention soil filters (RSF) have been developed to treat discharges from combined sewers systems. RSF have proved over the past 15 years to be the most effective measure to meet the EU WFD standards, especially for small or particularly sensitive receiving waters, which require an enhanced reduction of emissions from combined sewer overflows (CSOs). The paper presents results from laboratory-scale experiments, in which the oxygen measurement in the filter plays a main role. The results show remarkable differe

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Klein, Eyal, Jaacov Katan, Miriam Austerweil, and Abraham Gamliel. "Controlled Laboratory System to Study Soil Solarization and Organic Amendment Effects on Plant Pathogens." Phytopathology® 97, no. 11 (2007): 1476–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-97-11-1476.

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A controlled laboratory system for simulating soil solarization, with and without organic amendment, was developed and validated using physical, chemical, and biological parameters. The system consists of soil containers that are exposed to controlled and constant aeration, and to temperature fluctuations that resemble those occurring during solarization at various depths. This system enables a separate analysis of volatiles and other components. We recorded a sharp decrease in oxygen concentration in the soil atmosphere followed by a gradual increase to the original concentration during solar

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Oo, Aung, Shigeto Sudo, Shoji Matsuura, Khin Win, and Takeru Gonai. "Aerated Irrigation and Pruning Residue Biochar on N2O Emission, Yield and Ion Uptake of Komatsuna." Horticulturae 4, no. 4 (2018): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae4040033.

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After irrigation in intensive vegetable cultivation, the soil is filled with water leading to reduced oxygen content of the soil air which will affect vegetable growth and soil N2O emission. In this study, the effect of aerated irrigation and residue biochar on soil N2O emission, yield, and ion uptake of komatsuna grown in Andosol was explored. The experiment included four treatments; control (tap water irrigation), aerated water irrigation, pruning residue biochar with tap water irrigation, and a combination of aerated irrigation and biochar. The results showed that aerated irrigation had no

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Platzer, Christoph, and Klaus Mauch. "Soil clogging in vertical flow reed beds – mechanisms, parameters, consequences and.......solutions?" Water Science and Technology 35, no. 5 (1997): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0191.

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The purification efficiency of vertical flow reed beds (VFB) is dependent on a very efficient soil aeration. In most systems this is achieved by intermittent pulse loading at the surface providing an oxygenation by mass flow and diffusion. These oxygen transportation mechanisms only function as long as the upper layers of the bed have a high drainage capacity. Purification efficiency drops significantly when constant ponding occurs. A review of the literature on clogging in sand filters is given. In our evaluations the following observations are made. Clogging occurs only in the upper 0-15 cm

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Platzer, Christoph. "Design Recommendations for Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands for Nitrification and Denitrification." Water Science and Technology 40, no. 3 (1999): 257–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0170.

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The paper presents a design for nitrogen removal in subsurface flow wetlands. The nitrification in the vertical-flow beds (VFBs) is clearly determined by the oxygen balance in the filter. Full nitrification can only be achieved when the oxygen balance is positive. For sizing purposes equations for the calculation of oxygen demand and oxygen input are given. Three possibilities to achieve sufficient soil aeration are presented and explained. For the denitrification two possibilities are presented. From technical wastewater treatment plants predenitrification is well known. Return rates up to 20

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McKenzie, D. C., and A. B. McBratney. "Cotton root growth in a compacted Vertisol (Grey Vertosol). I. Prediction using strength measurements and 'limiting water ranges'." Soil Research 39, no. 5 (2001): 1157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr99118.

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The shear strength of a Vertisol under a broad range of compaction conditions has been related to ‘non-limiting water range’ (NLWR), ‘partially limiting water range’ (PLWR), and ‘least-limiting water range’ (LLWR) estimates for the growth of cotton roots. These factors indicate the soil water content range that land managers should aim to maintain so that root growth limitations caused by excessive hardness and poor aeration are minimised. The proportion of macropores available for root extension as the bulk soil becomes too anaerobic and/or hard for their growth has been quantified via a re-a

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ARMSTRONG, W., and P. M. BECKETT. "ROOT AERATION IN UNSATURATED SOIL: A MULTI-SHELLED MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF OXYGEN DIFFUSION AND DISTRIBUTION WITH AND WITHOUT SECTORAL WET-SOIL BLOCKING OF THE DIFFUSION PATH." New Phytologist 100, no. 3 (1985): 293–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1985.tb02780.x.

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Hiley, Peter D. "The reality of sewage treatment using wetlands." Water Science and Technology 32, no. 3 (1995): 329–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0155.

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Empirical performance data provide a basis for the design of wetlands to specific performance limits. BOD and suspended solids are removed up to 95% from 10-250 mg l−1. Surface flow systems in Yorkshire achieved higher effluent standards but generally lower mass load removal than subsurface flow systems. All wetland systems fill up with solids at a predictable rate, and if they are not removed or degraded, they will overflow. Ammonia is not normally oxidised, except where relatively large land areas are used and/or BOD falls below 20 mg l−1. Phosphate is accumulated until saturation. Bacteria

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Colmer, T. D., and L. A. C. J. Voesenek. "Flooding tolerance: suites of plant traits in variable environments." Functional Plant Biology 36, no. 8 (2009): 665. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp09144.

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Flooding regimes of different depths and durations impose selection pressures for various traits in terrestrial wetland plants. Suites of adaptive traits for different flooding stresses, such as soil waterlogging (short or long duration) and full submergence (short or long duration – shallow or deep), are reviewed. Synergies occur amongst traits for improved internal aeration, and those for anoxia tolerance and recovery, both for roots during soil waterlogging and shoots during submergence. Submergence tolerance of terrestrial species has recently been classified as either the Low Oxygen Quies

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Jayawardane, NS, J. Blackwell, and M. Stapper. "Effect of changes in moisture profiles of a transitional red-brown earth with surface and slotted gypsum applications on the development and yield of a wheat crop." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 38, no. 2 (1987): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9870239.

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The low productivity of transitional red-brown earths for flood irrigated upland cropping is associated with their low infiltration rates and inadequate aeration of the root zone. The effect of the measured changes in the moisture and aeration profiles with surface and slotted gypsum applications on growth and development of a wheat crop was evaluated in a preliminary field study, on non-replicated plots.The patterns of changes in moisture profiles in the gypsum slotted plots were similar to those observed in the previous season, namely, deeper preferential wetting and faster internal drainage

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Yang, Senlin, Jian Shi, Lianghua Chen, et al. "Physiological and biomass partitioning shifts to water stress under distinct soil types in Populus deltoides saplings." Journal of Plant Ecology 13, no. 5 (2020): 545–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtaa042.

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Abstract Aims Although soil environments exist extensive heterogeneity for many plants with a wide range of distribution, researches about effects of soil conditions on plants’ tolerance and adaptation are particularly inadequate. In our study, the aims are to reveal physiological strategies of Populus deltoides against drought stress under different soil conditions and to select the most suitable soil type for P. deltoides plantation. Methods Under controlled conditions, we used P. deltoides as a model species to detect differences in gas exchange rate, antioxidative capacity, nitrogen metabo

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Bouckaert, Liesbeth, Steven Sleutel, Denis Van Loo, et al. "Carbon mineralisation and pore size classes in undisturbed soil cores." Soil Research 51, no. 1 (2013): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr12116.

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Soil pore network effects on organic matter turnover have, until now, been studied indirectly because of lack of data on the 3D structure of the pore network. Application of X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT) to quantify the distribution of pore neck size and related pore sizes from undisturbed soil cores, with simultaneous assessment of carbon (C) mineralisation, could establish a relationship between soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition and soil pore volumes. Eighteen miniature soil cores (diameter 1.2 cm, height 1.2 cm) covering a range of bulk densities were incubated at 20°C for 35 d

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McKevlin, M. R., D. D. Hook, W. H. Mckee Jr., S. U. Wallace, and J. R. Woodruff. "Loblolly pine seedling root anatomy and iron accumulation as affected by soil waterlogging." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 17, no. 10 (1987): 1257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x87-195.

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Loblolly pine seedlings were grown under flooded and drained conditions in a greenhouse pot study. Flooded roots developed aerenchyma tissue within the stele between the xylem poles, extending from the phloem outward to the pericycle. Large intercellular spaces were present in the pericyclic parenchyma within the phellogen of flooded woody roots. Flooded stems exhibited lenticel hypertrophy. Large intercellular spaces in the cortex were continuous with intercellular spaces in the pericyclic parenchyma of the root. Flooding of roots generally resulted in accumulation of Fe on the epidermal surf

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