Relevant bibliographies by topics / Oxygenator

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Academic literature on the topic 'Oxygenator'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 27 April 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Oxygenator"

1

Zakhary, Bishoy, Jayne Sheldrake, and Vincent Pellegrino. "Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and V/Q ratios: an ex vivo analysis of CO2 clearance within the Maquet Quadrox-iD oxygenator." Perfusion 35, no. 1_suppl (May 2020): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267659120906767.

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While hypercapnia is typically well treated with modern membrane oxygenators, there are cases where respiratory acidosis persists despite maximal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. To better understand the physiology of gas exchange within the membrane oxygenator, CO2 clearance within an adult Maquet Quadrox-iD oxygenator was evaluated at varying blood CO2 tensions and V/Q ratios in an ex vivo extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuit. A closed blood-primed circuit incorporating two Maquet Quadrox-iD oxygenators in series was attached to a Maquet PLS Rotaflow pump. A varying blend of CO2 and air was connected to the first oxygenator to provide different levels of pre-oxygenator blood CO2 levels (PvCO2) to the second oxygenator. Varying sweep gas flows of 100% O2 were connected to the second oxygenator to provide different V/Q ratios. Exhaust CO2 was directly measured, and then VCO2 and oxygenator dead space fraction (VD/VT) were calculated. VCO2 increased with increasing gas flow rates with plateauing at V/Q ratios greater than 4.0. Exhaust CO2 increased with PvCO2 in a linear fashion with the slope of the line decreasing at high V/Q ratios. Oxygenator dead space fraction varied with V/Q ratio—at lower ratios, dead space fraction was 0.3-0.4 and rose to 0.8-0.9 at ratios greater than 4.0. Within the Maquet Quadrox-iD oxygenator, CO2 clearance is limited at high V/Q ratios and correlated with elevated oxygenator dead space fraction. These findings have important implications for patients requiring high levels of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support.
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Ratnaningsih, Enny, Putu T. P. Aryanti, Nurul F. Himma, Anita K. Wardani, K. Khoiruddin, Grandprix T. M. Kadja, Nicholaus Prasetya, and I. Gede Wenten. "Membrane Oxygenator for Extracorporeal Blood Oxygenation." Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences 53, no. 5 (October 4, 2021): 210502. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2021.53.5.2.

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Extracorporeal blood oxygenation has become an alternative to supply O2 and remove CO2 from the bloodstream, especially when mechanical ventilation provides insufficient oxygenation. The use of a membrane oxygenator offers the advantage of lower airway pressure than a mechanical ventilator to deliver oxygen to the patient’s blood. However, research and development are still needed to find appropriate membrane materials, module configuration, and to optimize hydrodynamic conditions for achieving high efficient gas transfer and excellent biocompatibility of the membrane oxygenator. This review aims to provide a comprehensive description of the basic principle of the membrane oxygenator and its development. It also discusses the role and challenges in the use of membrane oxygenators for extracorporeal oxygenation on respiratory and cardiac failure patients.
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Mellgren, K., M. Skogby, Å. Järnås, LG Friberg, H. Wadenvik, and G. Mellgren. "Platelet activation and degradation in an experimental extracorporeal system. A comparison between a silicone membrane and a hollow-fibre oxygenator." Perfusion 11, no. 5 (September 1996): 383–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026765919601100505.

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Blood platelets are rapidly activated in contact with biomaterials and, therefore, can be used as markers of the biocompatibility of various components in an extracorporeal system. In the present work, two different oxygenators, one membrane oxygenator (Avecor) and one hollow-fibre oxygenator ('Lilliput', Dideco) were compared. Complete in vitro extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuits were perfused with fresh, heparinized human blood for 24 h. Eight experiments were performed with the hollow-fibre oxygenator and five experiments with the membrane oxygenator. Blood gases, electrolytes, glucose and haematocrit were kept within physiological limits. Platelet count, plasma concentration of β-thromboglobulin, platelet serotonin content, platelet membrane glycoprotein Ib and its degradation product glycocalicin, as well as plasma haemoglobin concentration were assayed. As regards most of these variables, significant differences in favour of the hollow- fibre oxygenator were observed.
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Hendrix, Rik H. J., Eva R. Kurniawati, Sanne F. C. Schins, Jos G. Maessen, and Patrick W. Weerwind. "Dynamic oxygenator blood volume during prolonged extracorporeal life support." PLOS ONE 17, no. 2 (February 2, 2022): e0263360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263360.

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Current methods for identification of oxygenator clotting during prolonged extracorporeal life support include visual inspection, evaluation of oxygenator resistance and oxygen exchange performance, and assessment of clotting-related laboratory parameters. However, these observations do not provide a quantitative assessment of oxygenator clot formation. By measuring changes in the dynamic oxygenator blood volume this study aimed to evaluate the relation to oxygenator resistance and oxygen transfer performance. Sixty-seven oxygenators were studied during adult extracorporeal life support. Oxygenator blood volume, oxygenator resistance, and oxygen transfer efficiency were monitored. Oxygenator blood volume decreased with increasing runtime (r = -0.462; p <0.001). There was a statistically significant, fair negative correlation between oxygenator blood volume and oxygenator resistance (r = -0.476; p<0.001) in all oxygenators, which became stronger analyzing only exchanged oxygenators (r = -0.680; p<0.001) and oxygenators with an oxygenator blood volume <187 mL (r = 0.831; p<0.001). No relevant correlation between oxygenator blood volume and O2 transfer was found. Oxygenator blood volume declined over time and was clearly associated with an increasing oxygenator resistance during prolonged extracorporeal life support, though O2 transfer was less affected.
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Philipp, Alois, Christoph Wiesenack, Renate Behr, Franz X. Schmid, and Dietrich E. Birnbaum. "High risk of intraoperative awareness during cardiopulmonary bypass with isoflurane administration via diffusion membrane oxygenators." Perfusion 17, no. 3 (May 2002): 175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0267659102pf566oa.

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In cardiac surgery with the aid of extracorporeal circulation (ECC), inhalation anaesthetics can be administered via the oxygenator. Until the recent advent of a new type of diffusion membrane oxygenator, we routinely added the inhalation agent, isoflurane, to the gas flow of a micro-porous capillary membrane-type oxygenator. Applying this procedure to the diffusion-type oxygenators, the depth of anaesthesia appeared to be affected, which manifested itself through unusually high intraoperative perfusion pressures. This observation led to a prospective randomized study comprising 60 patients and two models of a microporous capillary membrane oxygenator, as well as two models of a diffusion membrane oxygenator. Simultaneous isoflurane concentration measurements at both the gas inlet and outlet ports of the oxygenators showed that, whereas in the microporous capillary-type oxygenators the isoflurane administered was reduced by about 50% during the passage of gas through the device, there was only a minimal transfer of isoflurane in the diffusion-type membrane oxygenators.
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Cies, Jeffrey J., Wayne S. Moore, Nadji Giliam, Tracy Low, Daniel Marino, Jillian Deacon, Adela Enache, and Arun Chopra. "Oxygenator impact on voriconazole in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuits." Perfusion 35, no. 6 (July 6, 2020): 529–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267659120937906.

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Introduction: To determine the oxygenator impact on alterations of voriconazole in a contemporary neonatal/pediatric (1/4 inch) and adolescent/adult (3/8 inch) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuit including the Quadrox-i® oxygenator. Methods: Simulated closed-loop extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuits (1/4 and 3/8 inch) were prepared with a Quadrox-i pediatric and Quadrox-i adult oxygenator and blood primed. In addition, 1/4- and 3/8-inch circuits were also prepared without an oxygenator in series. A one-time dose of voriconazole was administered into the circuits, and serial pre- and post-oxygenator concentrations were obtained at 5 minutes, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 24 hour time points. Voriconazole was also maintained in a glass vial and samples were taken from the vial at the same time periods for control purposes to assess for spontaneous drug degradation Results: For the 1/4-inch circuit, there was an approximate mean of 64-67% voriconazole loss with the oxygenator in series and mean of 15-20% voriconazole loss without an oxygenator in series at 24 hours. For the 3/8-inch circuit, there was an approximate mean of 44-51% voriconazole loss with the oxygenator in series and a mean of 8-12% voriconazole loss without an oxygenator in series at 24 hours. The reference voriconazole concentrations remained relatively constant during the entire study period demonstrating that the drug loss in each size of the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuit with or without an oxygenator was not a result of spontaneous drug degradation. Conclusion: This ex vivo investigation demonstrated substantial voriconazole loss within an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuit with an oxygenator in series with both sizes of the Quadrox-i oxygenator at 24 hours and no significant voriconazole loss in the absence of an oxygenator. Further evaluations with multiple dose in vitro and in vivo investigations are needed before specific voriconazole dosing recommendations can be made for clinical application with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
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Pearson, Derek T., Michael P. Holden, Stefan J. Poslad, Alan Murray, and Philip S. Waterhouse. "A clinical evaluation of the performance characteristics of one membrane and five bubble oxygenators: gas transfer and gaseous microemboli production." Perfusion 1, no. 1 (January 1986): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026765918600100103.

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The gas transfer characteristics and gaseous microemboli (GME) production of five different bubble oxygenators (Polystan Venotherm, Harvey H-1700, Bentley BIO-10, Gambro 10 and Shiley S-100A HED) and one membrane oxygenator (Cobe CML) have been assessed during standardized clinical perfusion for open-heart surgery in 60 adult patients. The perfusionist attempted to maintain physiological levels of PaCO 2 (5 ± 1 kPa) and PaO2 (12 ± 2 kPa). Only 3% of blood gas values were within the normal range in the Bentley BIO-10 group compared with 17% for the Gambro 10, 20% for the Shiley S-100A HED, 31% for the Polystan Venotherm, 33% for the Cobe CML and 36% for the Harvey H-1700. The number of GME detected in the arterial line was significantly lower in the Cobe CML membrane oxygenator when compared with any of the five different bubble oxygenators (p < 0·001). The Polystan Venotherm released significantly less GME (p < 0·02) than the other oxygenators and the Shiley S-100A HED released significantly more GME (p < 0·02) than the other oxygenators except the Gambro 10. Low gas-blood flow ratios were not necessarily associated with low GME levels and inadequate oxygenation. This study provides meaningful data on which to base the choice of oxygenator, for clinical perfusions.
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Pearson, D. T., and B. McArdle. "Haemocompatibility of membrane and bubble oxygenators." Perfusion 4, no. 1 (January 1989): 9–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026765918900400103.

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During clinical hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), the haemocompatibility of six groups of membrane oxygenators (Cobe CML2, Shiley M2000, Maxima, Bard HF4000, Bard HF5000, Capiox E has been studied in 60 patients having open-heart surgery. A standardized anaesthetic and perfusion protocol was used, during which the abilityof the perfusionist to achieve target blood gas values (PaO2 20kPa and PaCO2 5.3kPa: alpha-stat) using inline electrodes was assessed. Haemocompatibility was evaluated by measurement of platelet numbers and function, betathromboglobulin (BTG), plasma haemoglobin, complement (C3a des Arg) and white blood cell (WBC) count pre- and post-CPB. Platelet and WBC numbers were also measured every five minutes throughout CPB. All oxygenators allowed the perfusionist to control blood gases adequately to prescribed levels. There were only minor differences in the degree and pattern of platelet depletion, reduction in platelet aggregation, elevation of BTG and C3a des Arg observed between oxygenator groups, which did not appear to be influenced by membrane type (flat plate versus hollow fibre). The membrane oxygenator haematological data was amalgamated with that obtained in previous clinical studies using membrane and bubble oxygenators (Cobe CML, Polystan Venotherm, Harvey H 1700, Bentley BIO-10, Bentley 1 0B, Bentley 1 OPlus, Gambro 10 and Shiley S100A HED) in which a similar evaluation protocol was employed. Comparison of the percentage change in platelet count when the pre- and post-CPB values were compared, demonstrated statistically significantly less platelet depletion (p <0.001 ) in the membrane oxygenator groups (-0.2 ± 8.3%) when compared to the bubble oxygenator groups (-21.7 ± 8.7%). A significantly lower percentage rise in BTG was also observed in the membrane oxygenator group when compared to the bubble oxygenator groups (p <0.001 ). All oxygenator groups showed elevation of both WBC count and plasma haemoglobin with a nonspecific fall in platelet aggregation over the period of bypass but no significant differences could be found between the two types of oxygenator. Membrane oxygenators, when compared to bubble oxygenators, exhibit lower GME production and improved haemocompatibility and allow superior blood gas control. Membrane oxygenators manifestly must be the oxygenator type of choice for clinical CPB.
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Aittomäki, Juha. "Monitoring of CO2 exchange during cardiopulmonary bypass: the effect of oxygenator design on the applicability of capnometry." Perfusion 8, no. 4 (July 1993): 337–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026765919300800409.

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The correlation between pCO2 values in blood and in exhaust gas from the oxygenators was examined during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) using one bubble oxygenator and three membrane oxygenators. Forty-seven CPBs were performed, 17 with Compactflow® (Dideco, ltaly), 10 with Maxima® (Medtronic Inc., USA), 10 with Cobe CML®(Cobe Laboratories, USA) membrane oxygenators and 10 with Hi-Flex® (Dideco, Italy) bubble oxygenators. Blood samples were taken both from arterial and venous lines of the oxygenator. A capnometer was connected to the oxygenator gas exhaust port and CO2 fraction was measured at the time of drawing blood samples. CO2 pressure in the gas phase was calculated from the product of the CO2 fraction and water vapour- corrected barometric pressure. Blood gases were measured at 37°C and the pCO2 value was corrected to the temperature of the arterial line. The correlation between blood and exhaust gas pCO2 was good in all the oxygenators examined, ranging from 0.921 to 0.976. The standard error of estimate (SEE) was in the range of about ± 2 mmHg for all the oxygenators. The systematic error (slope and intercept of the correlation line) varied depending on the construction of the oxygenator, with countercurrent design having the best overall correspondence. Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that arterial or venous CO 2 pressure can be monitored with a capnometry device coupled to the oxygenator gas outlet port. The use of a 'target FCO2 line' or a calculator program is proposed in order to aid the perfusionist in adjusting the oxygenator gas flow to attain normocarbia during CPB.
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Walczak, Richard, D. Scott Lawson, David Kaemmer, Craig McRobb, Patty McDermott, Greg Smigla, Ian Shearer, Andrew Lodge, and James Jaggers. "Evaluation of a preprimed microporous hollow-fiber membrane for rapid response neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation." Perfusion 20, no. 5 (September 2005): 269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0267659105pf819oa.

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Delays in initiating extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in the critically ill pediatric patient may lead to adverse outcomes. Maintaining a primed ECMO circuit can considerably reduce the initiation time. The predominant concerns precluding this practice are a decrease in oxygenator efficiency due to the saturation of microporous hollow fibers and compromised sterility when the oxygenator has been primed for 30 days. For institutions using a hollow-fiber oxygenator for ECMO, there are no data reporting pre-primed hollow-fiber oxygenator viability. This study reports the efficiency of oxygen transfer and the sterility of the Carmeda Minimax Plus (Medtronic, Inc, Minneapolis, MN) oxygenator after being crystalloid primed for 30 days. A total of 10 Minimax Plus oxygenators were tested for oxygen transfer in a laboratory setting utilizing fresh whole bovine blood. The control group ( n=5) were tested immediately after priming. The test group ( n=5) were oxygenators primed for 30 days with crystalloid solution and left stagnant until tested. Prior to testing, all oxygenators were circulated for 5 min and samples drawn to test for circuit sterility. Venous inlet saturations were manipulated to achieve three levels of testing: venous saturation (SvO2) of 55% for an oxygen challenge, SvO2 of 65% to comply with AAMI standards, and SvO2 of 75% to assess oxygen transfer rates and peak PaO2 achievement. Blood flow for all tests was maintained at 2 L/min with 1:1 blood to gas flow ratio and 100% FiO2. Samples were drawn pre- and postoxygenator at 1- and 6-hour time intervals to compute actual oxygen transfer values. All cultures from the test group priming solution produced no microbial growth after 30 days of stagnant prime. Average oxygen transfer values (ml/O2/min) for the control group after 1 hour of continuous use were 130.1±15.5 (@55% SvO2), 113.7±10.4 (@65% SvO2),97.7±8.9 (@75% SvO2). After 6 hours, the average transfer values increased to 134.2±13.2 (@55% SvO2), 118.76±6.6 (@65% SvO2) and 98.9±8.3 (@75% SvO2). The average oxygen transfer values after 1 hour for oxygenators primed for 30 days were 114.9±10.0 (@55% SvO2), 112.4±8.2 (@65% SvO2) and 89.6±16.0 (@75% SvO2). After 6 hours of use, the average transfer values all decreased to 111.4±2.1 (@55% SvO2, p <0.05 versus control), 104.0±5.6 (@65% SvO2, p<0.05 versus control) and 88.4±3.2 (@75% SvO2, p<0.05 versus control). In conclusion, there was a decrease in the average oxygen transfer values for the test group after 6 hours versus the control. The modest loss of oxygen transfer ability observed can be considered acceptable due to the amount of surface area of the Minimax Plus oxygenator when used on a neonate, making it feasible to adopt the practice of prepriming the Minimax oxygenator for neonatal ECMO.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Oxygenator"

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Elson, Wesley De Vere. "Development of an intravenous oxygenator." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86494.

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Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Patients in critical care with lung injuries need to be assisted with regards to breathing function, but current methods are not applicable for all situations. The most common method, Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) is an expensive procedure and requires trained staff to operate the equipment at all times. Lung injury may lead to the inability of the lungs to be perfused and the blood oxygenated by tracheal intubation, whereas mechanical ventilators can injure the lungs further. Especially at risk are preterm neonates, where congenital disorders or complications during birth render ECMO the only viable option. Respiratory Assist Catheters (RACs) could be used as an alternative because they do not place extra stress on the lungs, are easy to implement, cost-effective and are available for immediate use in clinical settings or in first aid situations. The development of such a device requires knowledge of possible oxygenation methods as well as the risks involved in implementing such a device. The possibility of oxygenating the blood via microbubbles by means of a RAC is promising due to the high gas transfer rates common in bubble oxygenators. It is the aim of this study to develop a prototype that could function as a RAC and to evaluate the feasibility of oxygenation by using microbubbles. The method used to design a prototype included selection of various materials and finalization of a design to be tested. The tests selected were in vivo tests and ex vivo tests using animal models to investigate the dissolution times of the microbubbles, as well as the physiological effects of an intravenously placed device. Measurements of oxygen saturation of the blood in arterial blood (SaO2), venous blood (SvO2) and pulmonary pressure allowed the oxygen transfer rates and risks involved to be evaluated, and also gave an indication regarding the formation dynamics of microbubbles in the blood. An in vitro test was also performed with the aim of determining the rate of dissolving of oxygen, and hence to give an indication regarding microbubble dissolution times. Mathematical simulations based on the dissolution rate of oxygen in venous blood confirmed the abovementioned results. The tests and simulations were analysed in order to evaluate the feasibility of intravenously oxygenating the blood using microbubbles. Approximate bubble dissolution times were an indicator of the feasibility of the concept and showed that very large bubble dissolution times renders intravenous bubble oxygenation unfeasible. These large dissolution times also lessen the possibility of implementing bubble oxygenation in an intravenous device.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Pasiënte wat a.g.v. longbeserings in hoë-sorg behandel word het hulp nodig om asem te haal, maar bestaande metodes werk nie in alle omstandighede nie. Die mees algemene metode is ekstrakorporeale membraan suurstofverbinding (Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO)), maar hierdie metode is duur en het voltyds opgeleide personeel nodig om dit te beheer. Longbeserings kan lei tot die onvermoë van die longe om bloed te ontvang en ook dat die bloed suurstof kry d.m.v. trageale intubasie. Meganiese ventilators kan die longe verder beskadig. Vroeggebore babas word blootgestel aan risiko’s veral waar oorerflike afwykings/steurnisse aanwesig is of komplikasies tydens geboorte en dus die EMCO die enigste lewensvatbare opsie maak. Kateters wat asemhaling aanhelp (Respiratory Assist Catheters (RACs)) kan as alternatief gebruik word aangesien dit nie ekstra spanning op die longe plaas nie, maklik is om te implementeer, koste-effektief is en beskikbaar is vir onmiddellike gebruik in kliniese omstandighede of in noodhulpsituasies. Die ontwikkeling van hierdie tipe toestel vereis kennis van moontlike suurstofverbindingsmetodes en ook die risiko’s verbonde aan die implementering van die toestel. Die moontlikheid om die bloed van suurstof te voorsien d.m.v. mikroborrels deur die RAC lyk belowend a.g.v. die hoë gasoordrag-koers wat algemeen is by borrel suurstofverbinders. Hierdie studie het ten doel om ʼn prototipe te ontwikkel wat kan dien as ʼn RAC en ook om die lewensvatbaarheid van suurstofverbinding met mikroborrels te bepaal. Die metode wat gebruik is om die prototipe te ontwerp sluit in die kies van verskeie materiale en die finalisering van die ontwerp wat getoets moet word. Die geselekteerde in vivo en ex vivo toetse is afgeneem deur gebruik te maak van dier-modelle om sodoende ondersoek in te stel na die oplossing van die mikroborrels en ook die fisiologiese gevolge van die toestel wat binne die aar geplaas is. Metings van die suurstofversadiging van bloed in slagaarbloed (SaO2), aarbloed (SvO2) en pulmonêre druk het toegelaat dat die koers en risiko’s verbonde aan suurstofoordrag geëvalueer word. Hierdie metings gee ook ’n aanduiding van die vormingsdinamika van die mikroborrels in die bloed. ’n In vitro toets is gedoen met die doel om die koers te bepaal van die oplossing van suurstof, en dus ’n aanduiding te gee van die tyd verbonde aan die oplossing van die mikroborrels. Wiskundige simulasies gebaseer op die oplossingskoers van suurstof in are het die bogenoemde toetse bevestig. Die toetse en simulasies is geanaliseer om die lewensvatbaarheid te bepaal om suurstof binne-aars te verskaf deur mikroborrels. Geskatte tye waarteen die borrels oplos is as aanduiding gebruik vir die lewensvatbaarheid van die konsep en ook die moontlike inwerkingstelling van die binne-aarse toestel.
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Clark, Michael Louis. "Comparison of Water Quality, Rainbow Trout Production, and Economics in Oxygenated and Aerated Raceways." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9851.

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The effects of oxygenation and aeration on water quality, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) production, and economics were compared at the Wytheville State Fish Hatchery (WSFH) for 270 days. Mean dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations and delta DO were significantly higher (P < 0.001) in the oxygenated raceways (9.5 and 2.75 mg/L, respectively) compared to aerated raceways (7.4 and 0.57 mg/L). Total settleable solids loads were significantly greater (P < 0.001) in aerated raceways (10.3 g/L/day) than in oxygenated raceways (8.8 g/L/day). Dissolved nitrogen (%), total gas pressure, and other water quality parameters (CO2, nitrite nitrogen, alkalinity, pH, and TAN) did not differ significantly between the treatments (P > 0.05). Raceway trout production (kg/day), trout growth rates (grams), feed conversion rate (FCR), and fish survival were not significantly different between treatments (P > 0.05). Blood hematocrit (Hct) and percent visceral mass were significantly elevated (P < 0.001) in oxygenated raceways compared to aerated raceways at 46 and 14.4% and 44 and 13%, respectively. Carrying capacity estimates derived from fish loading trials were significantly different (P < 0.001) at 3,355 and 2,217 kg/raceway in oxygenated and aerated raceways, respectively. Estimates of carrying capacity calculated using a fish loading (Ld) equation were also significantly different (P < 0.001) at 1,530 and 990 kg for oxygenated and aerated raceways, respectively. Oxygen injection increased the cost of production by $0.20/kg, however, net present value analysis (NPV) of oxygenated and aerated raceways over 5 years at a 10% discount rate yielded estimates of $50,666.51 and $32,742.15, respectively. Oxygen injection is an effective means of increasing DO concentrations, reducing effluent solids loading, and increasing raceway carrying capacity.
Master of Science
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Möhrlen, Christian Martin. "Extrakorporaler kardiopulmonaler Bypass bei Ratten unter Benutzung eines Hohlfaser-Oxygenator /." Bern : [s.n.], 2006. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.

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Causey, Laura Elizabeth. "Intravenous oxygenator : enhancement of surface properties to minimize bubble size." FIU Digital Commons, 2008. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2089.

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Previous intravenous oxygenators relied on 02 diffusion to treat Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. However, bubble oxygenators may increase 02 transfer. Polypropylene and polysulfone hollow fiber membranes were modified using vapor graft polymerization (VGP) and solution graft polymerization (SGP) to decrease the pore size and porosity and increase the hydrophilicity of the fibers so that as 02 flowed through the treated fibers submerged in water the bubbles formed from the treated fiber would be smaller than those from pure fibers. Both methods increased the surface hydrophilicity; however, SGP decreased the fibers' porosity and pore sizes the most. After optimized VGP, 48% of polypropylene fibers' bubbles were 25-50 pm in radius, compared with 12% from pure polypropylene fibers. After optimized SGP, 38% of polysulfone fibers' bubbles were 25-50 pm in radius, compared with 21% from pure polysulfone fibers. However, treated polypropylene fibers required a pressure of 60 psig 02 to form bubbles.
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Koochaki, Z. B. "Modelling of CO2̲ removal from blood by combined dialyser/oxygenator divices." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382397.

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Demarest, Caitlin T. "Prolonging the Useful Lifetime of Artificial Lungs." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2017. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/870.

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Over 26 million Americans suffer from pulmonary disease, resulting in more than 150,000 deaths annually. Lung transplantation remains the only definitive treatment for many patients, but has meager survival rates and only approximately 1,700 of the 2,200 patients added to the lung transplant wait list each year are transplanted. Extracorporeal gas exchangers have been used as an alternative to mechanical ventilation in acute respiratory failure and as a bridge to transplantation in chronic respiratory failure. Current gas exchangers are limited by their high resistance and low biocompatibility that lead to patient complications and device clot formation. Therefore, there exists a dire need for improved devices that can act as destination therapy. To accomplish the goal of destination therapy, this dissertation discusses three studies that were performed to pave the way. First, I examined clot formation and failure patterns of two common clinical devices (Maquet’s CardioHelp (CH) and Quadrox (Qx)) to further our understanding of their limitations with respect to long-term support. Overall, it was demonstrated that the Qx devices fail earlier and more frequently than CH devices and result in a significantly greater reduction in platelet count, and that a four-inlet approach is beneficial. Next, I determined the optimal sweep gas nitric oxide (NO) concentration that minimizes platelet binding and activation while ensuring that blood methemoglobin (metHb) concentrations increase less than 5%. Miniature artificial lungs were attached to rabbits in a pumped veno-venous configuration and run for 4 h with NO added to the sweep gases in concentrations of 0, 100, 250, and 500 ppm (n=8 ea.). 100 ppm significantly reduced the amount of platelet consumption (p < 0.05), reduced platelet activation as measured by soluble p-selectin (p < 0.05), and had negligible increases in metHb and will thus be used in future experiments. Last, I tested the Pulmonary Assist Device (PAD) which was designed for long term use as a bridge to transplantation and destination therapy. Benchtop experiments were performed that confirmed that it meets our design and performance goals. From here, we are equipped to commence with 30-day PAD testing in sheep.
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Peel, James Robert Anthony. "The mass transfer and hydrodynamics of a gas-liquid centrifugal de-oxygenator." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/785.

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The mass transfer and hydrodynamic characteristics of a packed rotary contactor with a continuous liquid phase for the de-oxygenation of water using a stripping gas has been investigated. The primary purpose of this research was to gain a clearer understanding of the physical processes that occur within packings between the gas and liquid phases in an increased gravitational environment. The eventual aim is to design and develop a more efficient and cost effective industrial piece of equipment for the removal of dissolved oxygen from river or sea water. The mass transfer between two phases is directly related to the interfacial area which, in turn, is dependant on the gas bubble size. The use of centrifugal acceleration to generate increased gravitational environments leads to smaller bubbles being produced, with subsequent improvements in the mass transfer. In order to produce this increased gravitational environment, a one metre diameter rotor filled with a torus shaped packing was rotated between 200 and 400 rpm, with the gas phase dispersed in the liquid phase and passing through counter-currently. An examination of the overall gas and liquid flow through the packing in the rotor using visual and tracer techniques has been made which shows that the gas nozzle design and liquid flowrate are the two dominant parameters in achieving an effective and uniform distribution throughout. The gas bubble sizes produced have been visually analysed throughout the packing, and found to range from between 0.4 - 1.0 mm. in diameter. The mass transfer achieved in the rotor showed general trends of increasing with the gas flowrate and rotational speed, whilst falling as the liquid flowrate increased. For the entire range of rotor opemting conditions, the number of mass transfer units achieved was found to be in the range 1.5 - 4.5, and the corresponding height of a transfer unit between 4.5 - 12 cm.
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Rathbone, Daniel Rodion. "A low volume oxygenator for open well Liver-on-a-Chip tissue culture." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/120193.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2018.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 139-142).
MicroPhysiological Systems (MPS) show significant promise in speeding drug development and advancing basic research. They may serve better than animal models for obtaining accurate human response data and thereby reducing failed clinical trials. The CN Bio LiverChip is one such commercial MPS device which cultures liver cells on a perforated polystyrene scaffold and actively circulates cell culture medium through them. Reducing the total circulating volume is desirable to increase the concentration of difficult-to-detect compounds, improve autocrine signaling, and achieve more physiologically relevant drug decay times. However, achieving adequate oxygenation at lower volumes is challenging due to surface tension effects. This thesis describes an open-well, flow-through MPS platform with a low-volume oxygenator, at a total circulating volume of approximately 500 [mu]L. The oxygenator uses the interior corner of a hydrophilic spiral to constrain the circulating fluid and to create a thin fluid region, which decreases the diffusion depth relative to exposed surface area, thereby improving oxygenation. The oxygenator performs equivalently to the LiverChip at a fraction of the volume, and features a downward slope that prevents fluid from accumulating in the oxygenator, which could deplete the cell culture well. The fluidic configuration and other design considerations are described, as well as hardware testing results and improved methods for preventing fluid from bypassing the scaffold. This project was supported by NIH grant number UH3-TR000496.
by Daniel Rodion Rathbone.
S.M.
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Razieh, Ali R. "The development of a self-tuning control system for PO←2 regulation in a membrane oxygenator." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293317.

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Dunningham, Helen. "Modelling lung and tissue gas transfer using a membrane oxygenator circuit : determining the effects of a volatile anaesthetic agent and a haemoglobin substitute on oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitric oxide diffusion." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2011. http://arro.anglia.ac.uk/211595/.

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A novel in vitro membrane oxygenator circuit was developed to test gas exchange where particular elements could be examined whilst keeping other variables constant. The circuit comprises two membrane oxygenators connected to form a continuous blood circuit resembling venous and arterial blood conditions. The effects of Isoflurane, a volatile anaesthetic, on oxygen transfer were investigated. RBC resistance to nitric oxide diffusion (DNO) was tested in this circuit by haemolysis and addition of the haemoglobin-based-oxygen-carrier (HBOC) Oxyglobin. The circuit was primed with equine blood flowing at 2.5 l/min. The oxygenator was ventilated with 5 l/min air/oxygen/N2 mix providing a range of FiO2. The deoxygenator received 5 l/min 5% CO2 in N2 with 0.2-0.3 l/min CO2. Isoflurane 1%, NO 4000-16000 ppb and CO 0.03% were added to the oxygenator gas. Uptake of O2, CO2, CO and NO were calculated by gas inlet and outlet concentrations and flow rates. Arterial and venous oxygen dissociation curve (aODC and vODC) comparisons were made. Isoflurane uptake by the circuit blood was evident and 1% Isoflurane did not affect oxygen uptake (p=0.981), aODC or vODC (p=0.311 and p=0.751). Haemolysis did not affect O2 or CO2 transfer but increased DNO (p<0.001). 250ml free Hb solution addition to the circuit increased DNO by 91% (p<0.0001). Addition of 250ml Oxyglobin increased DNO by 143% from 7.41±2.77 to 17.97±1.83 ml/min/mmHg. Oxyglobin caused a right shift of aODC and vODC (p<0.0001) but NO-bound Oxyglobin caused a left vODC shift (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Isoflurane administered via a membrane oxygenator does not affect O2 uptake or carriage in the blood. RBC surroundings provide significant resistance to DNO in circuit tests. Significant uptake of NO by Oxyglobin supports the potential of HBOCs to scavenge endothelial NO in vivo, causing vasoconstriction.
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Books on the topic "Oxygenator"

1

Oxygenation. Thorofare, NJ: Slack, 2001.

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Sheldon, Lisa Kennedy. Oxygenation. 2nd ed. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2007.

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Barceló, Damià, ed. Fuel Oxygenates. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-72641-8.

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Shinomiya, Nariyoshi, and Yasufumi Asai, eds. Hyperbaric Oxygenation Therapy. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7836-2.

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Diaz, Arthur F., and Donna L. Drogos, eds. Oxygenates in Gasoline. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2002-0799.

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Maurer, Dominik. Hyperbare Oxygenation und Tauchmedizin. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-11713-9.

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Maurer, Dominik. Hyperbare Oxygenation bei Wundheilungsstörungen. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-11735-1.

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Sibbald, William J., Konrad F. W. Messmer, and Mitchell P. Fink, eds. Tissue Oxygenation in Acute Medicine. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58268-4.

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Maurer, Dominik. Hyperbare Oxygenation in der Infektiologie. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-11711-5.

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Piening, Carol. Oxygenated gasoline program implementation guidelines. Olympia, Wash. (P.O. Box 47600, Olympia 98504-7600): Washington State Dept. of Ecology, Air Quality Program, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Oxygenator"

1

Wartzek, T., M. Walter, T. Schmitz-Rode, S. Kowalewski, R. Rossaint, and S. Leonhardt. "In Vivo Validation of an Automatic Controlled Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenator." In IFMBE Proceedings, 118–21. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03885-3_34.

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Wenger, Robert K., and J. D. Mortensen. "The Intravascular Oxygenator, IVOX®: Augmentation of Blood-Gas Transfer." In Cardiopulmonary Bypass, 450–58. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2484-6_30.

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Houston, Ralph J. F., Fellery de Lange, and Cor J. Kalkman. "A New Miniature Fiber Oxygenator for Small Animal Cardiopulmonary Bypass." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 313–16. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6125-2_44.

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De Bois, William, and Karl H. Krieger. "The Influence of Oxygenator Type and Priming Volume on Blood Requirements." In Blood Conservation in Cardiac Surgery, 327–53. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2180-7_12.

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Barlas, Semih, Emin Tireli, Haldun Tekinalp, Enver Dayioğlu, Leyla Sevgenay, and Cemil Barlas. "Effects of Oxygenator and Pumping Devices on Blood Parameters in Open Heart Surgery." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 617–23. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0333-6_79.

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Rodewald, Georg, Allen E. Willner, and Michael Borenstein. "Type of Oxygenator, Type of Arterial Filter, and Bypass Time, in Relation to Outcome." In Impact of Cardiac Surgery on the Quality of Life, 297–307. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0647-4_37.

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Dewanjee, M. K., G. M. Palatianos, M. Kapadvanjwala, S. Novak, D. Sarkar, L. Hsu, S. Ezuddin, A. N. Serafini, and G. N. Sfakianakis. "Platelet-Emboli from Arterial Filter and Oxygenator: Major Source of Embolic Complications During Cardiopulmonary Bypass (CPB)." In Radiolabeled Blood Elements, 107–13. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2462-5_15.

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Nishida, Hiroshi, Masahiro Endo, Hitoshi Koyanagi, Katsuyuki Kuwana, and Hikaru Nakanishi. "Development and Clinical Application of Silicon-Coated, Leak-Free Oxygenator with a Built-in Hemoconcentration Function." In Heart Replacement, 382–88. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-65921-1_57.

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Bochenek, Andrzej, Z. Religa, J. Wojnar, A. Wnuk-Wojnar, M. Zembala, J. Hołlowiecki, and A. Bochenek. "A Clinical Study on Platelet Preservation in Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery During Cardiopulmonary Bypass Without Oxygenator." In Blood Use in Cardiac Surgery, 37–40. Heidelberg: Steinkopff, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06119-0_5.

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Smith, P. L., C. Blauth, S. Newman, J. Arnold, F. Siddons, and K. M. Taylor. "Cerebral Microembolism and Neuropsychological Outcome Following Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery (CABS) with Either a Membrane or Bubble Oxygenator." In Impact of Cardiac Surgery on the Quality of Life, 337–42. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0647-4_41.

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Conference papers on the topic "Oxygenator"

1

Keshavamurthy, N. Akshay, G. Anjan Kumar, J. J. Jijesh, Amal D. Nalr, and R. R. Arun Gangatkar. "Wireless Oxygenator." In 2018 3rd IEEE International Conference on Recent Trends in Electronics, Information & Communication Technology (RTEICT). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rteict42901.2018.9012241.

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Lam, Raymond H. W., Min-Cheol Kim, and Todd Thorsen. "A Microfluidic Oxygenator for Biological Cell Culture." In TRANSDUCERS 2007 - 2007 International Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Conference. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sensor.2007.4300676.

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Isoyama, Takashi, Koki Ariyoshi, Kyosuke Nii, Itsuro Saito, Kazuyoshi Fukunaga, Yusuke Inoue, Toshiya Ono, et al. "Emergency life support system aiming preprimed oxygenator." In 2013 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2013.6610852.

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Elson, W., C. Scheffer, K. H. Dellimore, P. R. Fourie, and A. R. Coetzee. "Development of an intravenous oxygenator using microbubbles." In 2014 Cairo International Biomedical Engineering Conference (CIBEC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cibec.2014.7020920.

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Eberhart, Robert C. "Reflections on Quantitative Gamma Imaging of Cell-Surface Interactions." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53388.

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Molecular and cellular interactions with foreign surfaces can be noninvasively measured by isotope imaging techniques. Long available for probing cell behavior, these techniques are now employed in molecular studies of disease progression, such as Alzheimer’s [1]. This paper reviews results obtained by noninvasive dual label gamma scintigraphy for the transient adhesion of platelets and neutrophils to pump-oxygenators during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). In this application, characteristic cell-foreign surface adhesion and release patterns are observed during CPB in the pig, as a function of oxygenator design and surface chemistry. Cell distributions in internal organs post-CPB are also affected by these processes. This method can be adapted to other settings where the understanding of protein-cell interactions with native and foreign surfaces is at issue, including fibrinogen-cell interactions, bacterial colonization, etc.
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Cornelissen, Christian, Sarah Menzel, Lena Thiebes, Michael Dreher, and Stefan Jockenhoevel. "EndOxy – Long-term endothelial cell coating of oxygenator membranes." In ERS International Congress 2017 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/1393003.congress-2017.pa2107.

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Guzmán, Amador M., and Cristina H. Amon. "Mass Transfer Performance Evaluations of an Intravenous Membrane Oxygenator." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0810.

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Abstract The mass transfer performance of an Intravenous Membrane Oxygenator is investigated by computational simulations of the conservation of mass, momentum and species equations. The Intravenous Membrane Oxygenator (IMO), is a device developed experimentally to provide consistent and reproducible oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange. The IMO is composed by an elastic and non-permeable pulsating balloon positioned within the vena cava, and micro-porous-membrane fibers that transport oxygen and carbon dioxide, located longitudinally between the balloon and vena cava. During the operation regime, the blood flow motion is originated by a blood pressure gradient and a pulsating balloon motion. A three-dimensional physical-computational model consisting of equally-spaced fibers and a Newtonian and time-dependent incompressible flow is used for the simulations. The numerical simulation results for the stationary balloon configuration, obtained using the spectral element method, demonstrate that the flow remains parallel, laminar and with absence of secondary flows in the whole domain. Evaluations of the mass transfer characteristics and parameters, such as the oxygen concentration profile around the fiber and the Sherwood number, for increasing Reynolds numbers, indicate that the parabolic flow regime increase the oxygen transfer rate until an asymptotic limit in the oxygen transfer capability is reached. A further increase in the Reynolds number beyond this asymptotic limit does not increase the oxygen transfer rate.
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Wilfart, Florentin M., Ainsley McFadgen, Blaine Kent, Kenneth Gardiner, and Michael K. Schmidt. "Delivery of Vapors on Cardiopulmonary Bypass using Different Oxygenator Membranes." In Biomedical Engineering. Calgary,AB,Canada: ACTAPRESS, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2316/p.2011.723-091.

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Cornelissen, Christian, Nicole Finocchiaro, Michael Dreher, and Stefan Jockenhoevel. "ENDOXY – First ISO compliant test of an endothelialized oxygenator model." In Annual Congress 2015. European Respiratory Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2015.pa2137.

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Rochow, Niels, Wen-I. Wu, Emily Chan, Dipen Nagpal, Gerhard Fusch, P. Ravi Selvaganapathy, Shelley Monkman, and Christoph Fusch. "Integrated microfluidic oxygenator bundles for blood gas exchange in premature infants." In 2012 IEEE 25th International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/memsys.2012.6170345.

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Reports on the topic "Oxygenator"

1

Kamil Klier, Richard G. Herman, Alessandra Beretta, Maria A. Burcham, Qun Sun, Yeping Cai, and Biswanath Roy. Oxygenates vs. synthesis gas. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/750374.

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Piao, Daqing, and Qing Zhu. Monitoring Cancer Oxygenation Changes Induced by Ultrasound. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada428189.

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Skliar, Mikhail. Oxygenation-Enhanced Radiation Therapy of Breast Tumors. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada558802.

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Naegeli, David W., Stan Moulton, Edwin C. Owens, and Edwin A. Frame. Oxygenates for Advanced Petroleum-Based Diesel Fuels. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada465522.

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Rofer, C. K., and G. E. Streit. Oxidation of hydrocarbons and oxygenates in supercritical water. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5534703.

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Balachandran, U., J. T. Dusek, S. M. Sweeney, R. L. Mieville, P. S. Maiya, M. S. Kleefisch, S. Pei, T. P. Kobylinski, and A. C. Bose. Dense ceramic membranes for partial oxygenation of methane. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10166252.

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Kim, Hubert, and Xuhui Liu. Diagnosis of Compartment Syndrome Based on Tissue Oxygenation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada590422.

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Kim, Hubert. Diagnosis of Compartment Syndrome Based on Tissue Oxygenation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada573821.

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Yanowitz, J., E. Christensen, and R. L. McCormick. Utilization of Renewable Oxygenates as Gasoline Blending Components. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1024518.

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Kim, Hubert, and Xuhui Liu. Diagnosis of Compartment Syndrome Based on Tissue Oxygenation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada613670.

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