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1
Tang, Apollo Teck Choon. "A computer simulation of polar sunrise ozone depletion in the planetary boundary layer." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ59206.pdf.
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Rowlands, Ian. "International regime formation : the politics of ozone layer depletion and global warming." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1992. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/122/.
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This thesis examines the politics of international regime formation, with particular reference to the global atmospheric problems of ozone layer depletion and global warming. A review of the international relations literature reveals that there are three approaches to the study of international regime formation: global, state-centred and individualistic. Building upon these, three preconditions and four catalysts for international regime formation are proposed. Each of the hypothesised preconditions -- scientific consensus, tolerable domestic economics costs and global equity -- is necessary, though not by itself sufficient, for international regime formation. Meanwhile, although no one of the hypothesised catalysts -- political entrepreneurs, the solidity of the broader international political system, environmental pressure groups and the mobilisation of public opinion -- is a necessary element for the formation of an international regime, the presence of any one can nevertheless accelerate the rate at which regimes are formed. The theoretical framework that is proposed is applied to the histories of the ozone layer depletion and global warming issues. In this investigation, data up to the end of 1991 were considered. The thesis also considers some issues that extend beyond the end of 1991, for the nature of parts of the analysis precludes an unwavering commitment to this cut-off date. The findings of this investigation have both theoretical and empirical dimensions. First, because the application of the theoretical framework does not invalidate it, thinking about the formation of regimes in international society in general is advanced. And second, by applying the framework to these two particular issues, explanations are offered as to why an international regime had been formed by the end of 1991 to preserve the earth's ozone layer, while one to deal with global warming had not.
3
Hosseini, Jamaladdin. "Global environment an emerging challenge for international cooperation building a legal regime for ozone layer depletion /." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1992. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/31166235.html.
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Cybulski, Walter J. "Assessing the consequences of ozone depletion on ecosystem function effects of ultraviolet-B radiation on plant biomass, tissue quality and litter decomposition /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1661.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2000.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 193 p. : ill. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
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Yanis, Hilal. "Investigating Preservice Science Teachers." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614546/index.pdf.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate preservice science teachers&rsquomental models about the role and distribution of ozone layer and ozone layer depletion regarding their ontological orientation. This study was conducted with twenty four preservice science teachers who were enrolled in Elementary Science Education Program of Education Faculty of one public university located in Central Anatolia. From each grade level six preservice science teachers were selected
two from low achiever, two from middle achiever and two from high achiever. Moreover, in the study, data were collected by using semi structured interview and interview consists of eleven questions and with five questions having multiple parts. Interview recordings were transcribed and analyzed qualitatively. In the following steps of the analysis, researcher proceeded with the already formed and described codes in an easygoing way. The results revealed that preservice science teachers&rsquo
responses were mostly seen as skin cancer and sunburn as harmful effects of ultraviolet rays and preservice science teachers&rsquo
responses were mostly seen as activation vitamin D and photosynthesis of plants as beneficial effects of Sun&rsquo
s rays. Half of preservice science teachers thought that ozone layer exists in the atmosphere. Moreover, preservice science teachers&rsquo
responses were mostly seen as perfume, deodorant, car, and spray as harmful materials to ozone layer. Chlorofluorocarbon, carbon monoxide, and carbon-dioxide were the most seen responses as harmful chemicals to ozone layer. Similar misconceptions were identified when compared with past studies. Also, different misconceptions were found in the study. Ten distinct models were formed regarding role and distribution of ozone layer and five distinct models were formed regarding ozone layer depletion. Moreover, absorbing and reflecting surface was mostly seen ontological belief regarding role and distribution of ozone layer. Hole was mostly seen ontological belief regarding ozone layer depletion. Generally, achievement and grade level did not make difference among preservice science teachers forming which type of mental models and having ontological beliefs.
6
Garvin, Theresa Dawn. "Evidence, policy and practice in environmental health : an international case study of sun safety /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0033/NQ66209.pdf.
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Binyamin, Jacqueline. "Modelling spectral and broadband UV-B (290-325 nm) irradiance for Canada /." *McMaster only, 2001.
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Rajan, Mukund Govind. "India and the north-south politics of global environmental issues : the case of ozone depletion, climate change and loss of biodiversity." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:065449d2-6c0f-4aec-8ba9-a84cab137be9.
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The cooperation of developing countries is commonly assumed to be essential for the establishment of effective regimes to manage global environmental interdependence. Yet their policies and perceptions have been inadequately studied. This thesis seeks to partially fill this gap in the literature with a detailed analysis of Indian policy on global environmental issues. It examines the cases of ozone depletion, climate change, and loss of biodiversity, and discusses developments up to the 1992 Earth Summit. The study addresses four broad questions about Indian policy: the process of policy making; the character of Indian interests and preferences; the nature and evolution of India's bargaining strategy; and the outcome of international negotiations for India. It reveals a complex picture of continuity and change in Indian policy. It demonstrates the enduring importance of traditions and values such as the "poverty is the greatest polluter" orthodoxy and the concepts of sovereignty, equity and Third World solidarity. It also highlights the impact of perceptions of vulnerability in relation to the North. It argues that Indian policy did not reflect purely powermaximising goals; policy makers were sometimes uncertain about where India's interests precisely lay, and felt constrained both by economic weakness and by the recognition of the mutual interest of all states in global environmental protection. This was reflected in the moderation in India's bargaining strategy. The Indian case suggests that developing countries did not regard their cooperation in the resolution of global environmental issues purely as a bargaining chip with which to extract concessions from the North. Still less did they perceive these issues as providing an opportunity to pose a macro-challenge to the North, linking agendas across issue areas. Instead, their goals reflected perceptions of constraints and mutual interests in bargaining with the North. Their bargaining strategy thus tended to be moderate and flexible, unlike the confrontational approach of the 1970s.
9
Raffel, Ann Eileen. "Methyl Halide Production by Calcareous Periphyton Mats from the Florida Everglades." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1524.
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Methyl halides are trace gases with both natural and anthropogenic origins. Once generated, these gases transport chlorine and bromine into the stratosphere, where they play an important role in ozone depleting catalytic cycles. The Florida Everglades is one location where methyl halide emissions have been proposed to be elevated due to high primary production and ionic halogens. This region also provides a unique study environment due to salt water intrusions, which occur during storm or low marsh water level-high tide events. The purpose of this research was twofold. First, quantification of methyl chloride (CH3Cl) and methyl bromide (CH3Br) production from periphyton mats on a temporal scale was needed. Secondly, to determine how varying concentrations of salinity affect CH3Cl and CH3Br production originating from calcareous periphyton mats within the Everglades. Periphyton was exposed to continuous 12 hour dark/light cycles in varying concentrations of salt water (0, 0.1, 1, 5, and 10 parts per thousand). All water samples were analyzed to determine the production rate of CH3Cl and CH3Br in periphyton samples using a gas chromatograph coupled with an electron capture detector (GC-ECD). Periphyton mats were found to be a producer of CH3Cl in all freshwater (0 parts per thousand) trials and sampling times; however, results from CH3Br analysis found production rates that suggest consumption occurred in the majority of the 0 parts per thousand trials. Production rates for CH3Cl ranged from 0.077 to 0.109 g-1hr-1 after 24 hours, 0.027 to 0.073 pM g-1hr-1 after 48 hours, and 0.034 to 0.047 pM g-1hr-1 after 72 hours. Production rates for the CH3Br freshwater experiments ranged from -0.00025 to 0.00185 pM g-1hr-1 after 24 hours, -0.00022 to -0.00078 pM g-1hr-1 after 48 hours, and -0.00042 to -0.00061 pM g-1hr-1 after 72 hours. This research has also shown that increased salinity does have a significant positive effect on the production of CH3Cl and CH3Br from calcareous periphyton mats, which is important in areas that could be prone to salt water intrusions or rising sea levels due to global climate change.
10
Liao, Jin. "Bromine and chlorine chemistry in the Arctic boundary layer." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45932.
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Halogen chemistry plays an important role in spring time ozone and mercury depletion events (ODEs and MDEs) and may efficiently oxidize hydrocarbons such as the important greenhouse gas methane (CH4) in the polar marine boundary layer. This thesis presents a detailed study of bromine and chlorine chemistry in the Arctic boundary layer based on measurements of bromine and chlorine containing species using chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS). The capability of CIMS to accurately measure bromine oxide (BrO) was demonstrated. The first direct measurements of hypobromous acid (HOBr) were achieved. Conditions that likely favor bromine activation (e.g. high wind speeds) was presented. To advance the understanding of bromine recycling, a time dependent model was built to simulate the bromine speciation. Unexpected high levels of molecular chlorine (Cl2) were observed at Barrow, AK, which had a large impact on methane oxidation and could contribute to ozone loss and mercury oxidation at Barrow, AK. Moreover, BrO levels observed at Summit, Greenland did not explain the under prediction of hydroxyl radical (OH). However, the enhanced OH was found to be coincident with elevated reactive gaseous mercury (RGM). In addition, airborne BrO measurements were found to be generally consistent with airborne observations of soluble bromide based on the response factors of mist chamber to the bromine species and bromine chemical mechanisms.
11
Fow, Alista. "Ozone depletion and global warming /." 2006. http://adt.waikato.ac.nz/public/adt-uow20060809.102016/index.html.
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Savastiouk, Vladimir. "Improvements to the direct-sun ozone observations taken with the Brewer spectrophotometer /." 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:NR19809.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--York University, 2006. Graduate Programme in Physics and Astronomy.Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 121-134). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:NR19809
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Miller, Harlan Laurence. "Photosynthetic response of Scandinavian kelp forests to stratospheric ozone depletion." Thesis, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3110659.
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Pillay, Yogesveri. "Ozone maxima off the East Coast of South Africa : the role of biomass burning." Thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/5624.
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Combrink, Jane. "Ozone maxima over Southern Africa : characteristics and mechanisms." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/5008.
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This thesis aims to clarify the sources of, and mechanisms associated with,
the generation of ozone maxima over the southern African region. Inasmuch as,
tropospheric ozone concentration is a function of both chemistry and
meteorology, this thesis concentrates on the role of atmospheric dynamics.
Firstly, a statistical analysis of the relationship between total ozone and
meteorological parameters revealed a generally weak negative relationship
between total ozone and the height of the 500, 300 and 100 hPa geopotential
surfaces. The relationship is best expressed by the passage of a mid-latitude
cyclone while anticyclonic conditions exhibited a weak relationship. An
examination of the spatial distribution of total ozone and potential vorticity
(PV), during the passage of westerly troughs, prompted a more thorough
investigation of the exchange of ozone between the stratosphere and
troposphere.
The relationship between tropospheric ozone, and low pressure and
anticyclonic systems is investigated further using data obtained during the
South African Fire-Atmospheric Research Initiative (SAFARI) conducted in 1992.
Ozone concentrations, as expressed by ozonesonde data, reveal different
characteristic profiles for the two scenarios. Explanations for the
differences observed are sought in the observed circulation patterns during
the experiment.
Case studies at Okaukuejo (Namibia), Irene (South Africa) and Brazzaville
(Congo), which were utilised as ground stations during SAFARI, are presented
in an attempt to gain insight into the vertical distribution of ozone over the
entire expanse of the study region. The role of convective systems in the
generation of short-lived upper tropospheric ozone maxima at tropical
latitudes is illustrated while the different vertical ozone signatures,
expressed under cyclonic and anticyclonic systems as described earlier, are
reconfirmed by the Okaukuejo and Irene data.
An attempt is made to investigate dynamic links between the troposphere and
stratosphere and the concomitant exchange of ozone during the passage of
westerly trough systems. Particularly deep troughs or cut off low pressure
systems are identified as important mechanisms in the generation of upper
tropospheric ozone maxima. An examination of the vertical distribution of
ozone at Irene during the passage of a COL, using data obtained from the
SA'ARI 1994 experiment, suggests concurrence with Danielsen's (1968) model of
tropopause folding. The intrusion of high PV and dry stratospheric air,
coupled with downward flow near the tropopause, in the vicinity of the upper
tropospheric disturbance, promotes the transport of ozone-rich air to
tropospheric altitudes.
The limited availability of data has severely hampered the understanding of
tropospheric ozo~e in southern Africa in the past. This study demonstrates the
value of daily vertical ozone data, even for very short periods.Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, 1995.
16
Langa, Mduduzi Amos. "Role of synoptic weather systems in surface ozone concentration in Durban region." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/4895.
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Measurements of surface ozone in Durban have been
undertaken since September 1994 until August 1995 using a Dasibi ozone monitor model 1108. There is a seasonal
variation in surface ozone with a small amplitude of 6.5 ppb. The mean maximum of 12.5 ppb is experienced in August and the minimum in December (6 ppb). The late winter peak and the sharp rise from June to July is possibly related to the greater accumulation of ozone at the surface due to the poor dispersion, higher frequency of inversions and lower mixing depth.
The study also focuses on the relationship between synoptic weather systems and daily ozone concentrations in an attempt to establish if any relationship exists. The analysis suggests that there is an increase in ozone concentration during the pre-frontal and established high pressure systems and a reduction in ozone under postfrontal conditions.
The mean diurnal variation in surface ozone depicts a maximum between solar noon and 14:00, which is typical of an urban-industrial environment, in which ozone precursor gases have built up during the morning. However, a secondary peak in the early morning during winter and autumn was more difficult to explain and is thought to be due to the transport of ozone from the interior in the mountain-plain wind systems.
Comparison of ozone values at Durban with results available from the other locations in South Africa such as Cape Point and the Eastern Transvaal Highveld has been undertaken.
Ozone values at Durban are lower than Cape Point, which is a representative of a background monitoring station. It ls hypothesised that those low ozone concentrations may be due to high NOx which in turn depletes ozone.Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of Natal, 1995.
17
Stephenson, Judy Ann Elizabeth. "Solar influences on Polar ozone." Thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/5079.
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Measurements by the TOMS instrument aboard the Nimbus 7 satellite, of total column ozone over polar regions have been studied to determine the effects of solar induced natural ozone modulation. Two different analysis methods were employed to ascertain short term (days to months) and long term (months to years) solar influences on polar ozone. Bursts of intense solar activity can result in solar proton events (SPE's). The high energy protons, originating in solar flares, produce secondary electrons which can generate large concentrations of odd nitrogen in the middle atmosphere. These reactive species can catalytically destroy ozone. Three case studies are presented in an attempt to quantify the effect of SPE's on ozone mass over a latitude region 90 to 70°. In order to monitor the ozone response following a SPE over both hemispheres simultaneously, the SPE must occur during the equinox period when both poles are irradiated. Fortuitously, a SPE was recorded in March 1989, the analysis of which forms a case study in this thesis. Ozone depletions of 7.4 x 10 to the power of 9 kg for the south polar cap and 8.0 x 10 to the power of 9 kg for the north polar cap indicate the degree of symmetry for this event.
Longer term effects of solar variability are investigated by Fourier techniques. A Fourier transform of eleven years of total ozone mass values, over the region 90 to 70° S, was performed. Inspection of the Fourier spectrum reveals peaks associated with solar cycle, annual and semi-annual oscillations, that may be attributed directly to solar variation. Other peaks, corresponding to QBO and ENSO periodicities, may be ascribed to indirect solar influences i.e. thermally driven dynamics. Finally, a comparison between the phase of the solar cycle peak in this spectrum with that in a spectrum of daily values of solar radio flux, reveals that the austral polar ozone solar cycle periodicity lags solar forcing by 2.8 years. Portions of chapters have been reported at the 1990 South African Institute of Physics Annual Conference, University of Port Elizabeth, South Africa and as a poster at the 1992 Quadrennial Ozone Symposium, Charlottesville, United States of America, 4-13 June 1992. In addition, various parts of this work has been submitted for publication, viz: Stephenson, J. A. E. and M. W. J. Scourfield, Importance of energetic solar protons in ozone depletion, Nature, 352, 137: 1991.Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1994.
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Mena, Marcelo Andrés. "Improving emissions inventories in North America through systematic analysis of model performance during ICARRT and MILAGRO." 2007. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/153.
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Bodeker, Gregory Elton. "Planetary waves and the global ozone distribution." Thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/4811.
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Planetary waves are known to play an important role in determining the annual variability in the severity of Antarctic ozone depletion. In this thesis, data obtained from the TOMS experiment on board the Nimbus-7 satellite are used to create global maps of total column ozone for each day from 1979 to 1992. Planetary wave morphology within these distributions is examined using spatial spectral analysis. The wave powers obtained are compared with a measure of the depth and area of the Antarctic ozone hole. A theoretical overview is given of middle atmosphere dynamics and how it influences the global distribution of ozone. Planetary waves play a predominant role in this dynamical distribution as they are responsible for the eddy transport of heat, momentum and long-lived tracers. A discussion of the equations of motion governing planetary wave propagation and their physical interpretation is given. The use of derived meteorological parameters, such as potential vorticity, in the study of planetary waves is developed. The theoretical tools, together with the equations of motion, are used to examine the excitation mechanisms for planetary waves. This theoretical analysis is also used to show that the strength of the westerly jet within the polar vortex determines which planetary wave modes can be expected in the geopotential height fields. In general only wavenumber 1 and 2 propagate during the Southern Hemisphere winter and the strength of these waves strongly modulates the severity of the Antarctic ozone depletion. Furthermore, the timing of the breakdown of the polar vortex is connected with the temporal variation of planetary wave power. A review of the current research in the field of planetary waves and the global distribution of ozone is given. To quantify planetary wave activity, spatial spectral analysis (Fourier Transforms) of midlatitude zonal profiles of total column ozone are used to calculate wave powers in the ozone distribution. Powers at wavenumber 1 to 6 are calculated for each day from 1979 to 1992 for both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The powers are seen to decrease with wavenumber throughout the year and the amplitude of wave modes 3 and higher is suppressed during the winter in accordance with the theoretical discussion. Southern Hemisphere wave powers are compared with a daily depleted mass of ozone over the Antarctic from 1979 to 1992. It is found that during years of high (low) planetary wave activity Antarctic ozone depletion is very weak (severe). Finally, the planetary wave morphology observed in the Southern Hemisphere total column ozone distribution is compared with geopotential height waves reported in the literature. Comparison of Northern Hemisphere wave powers and Arctic ozone depletion shows little or no correlation. To examine whether planetary waves may effect the interannual variability in Antarctic vortex temperatures, winter averaged 100 hPa upper air temperatures from SANAE (70°18' S, 2°21' W) are compared with derived planetary wave powers. It is found that during years of high (low) planetary wave activity the SANAE 100 hPa temperatures are above (below) the mean. Analysis of daily total column ozone and upper air temperatures at SANAE, during the winters of 1987 and 1988, shows that wave 1 forcing can significantly influence the day-to-day variation in these quantities. A statistical model of total ozone variation over the entire globe, from 1979 to 1992, has been developed. This model incorporates a long-term linear trend, an annual variation, a quasi-biennial oscillation, a solar cycle variation and a semiannual variation. Since monthly average total column ozone data are used in this model, short term planetary wave influences are masked, and the variations in global ozone are determined primarily by the 5 signals discussed above. However, analysis of the model coefficients indicates that planetary wave activity may significantly contribute to zonal asymmetry in global total ozone trends. Differences between model results and measured data are compared with planetary wave activity. The timing of the breakdown of the Antarctic circumpolar vortex causes large interannual differences in monthly average total column ozone for the months of October and November in the Southern Hemisphere. This analysis is made more specific for South Africa by examining the variation in monthly average total column ozone over the five South African cities of Pretoria, Bloemfontein, Durban, Port Elizabeth and Cape Town for the years 1979 to 1992. A model of surface erythemal irradiance as a function of total column ozone, time of the year and other meteorological parameters is developed. Total ozone data for the 5 cities, used within the context of the statistical model and the DV irradiance model, allows the prediction of future DV levels over South Africa to the year 2000. Planetary wave motion owes its existence to the conservation of potential vor-ticity. However, to make use of this conservation principle as a diagnostic for planetary wave propagation, it is necessary to know the conditions under which it is conserved. A formalism developed by Plumb and Ko (1992) has been used to suggest a technique whereby the 'lifetime' of potential vorticity may be determined. Use was made of data from the NCAR CCM2 model to test this hypothesis. The concentrations of long-lived tracers (CH4 and NzO) extracted from the CCM2 also show the effects of planetary wave breaking on the meridional distribution of these species. This study has important implications for airborne polar chemistry campaigns.Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, 1994.
20
Ohi, James M. "Science and global environmental pollution issues a case study of stratospheric ozone depletion by chlorofluorocarbons /." 1985. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/30791600.html.
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Litfin, Karen. "Power and knowledge in international environmental politics the case of stratospheric ozone depletion /." 1992. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/28727250.html.
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Freedman, Ryan. "Stratospheric minor species densities from satellite measurements of scattered sunlight /." 2005.
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Thesis (M.Sc.)--York University, 2005. Graduate Programme in Earth and Space Science.Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 139-147). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url%5Fver=Z39.88-2004&res%5Fdat=xri:pqdiss &rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR11793
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Chen, Sue-Chi, and 陳舒琪. "A Study on Non-Science-Majored Preservice Primary Teachers’ Cognition of the Ozone Layer Depletion." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78015748144738266856.
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碩士國立嘉義大學
科學教育研究所
93
Abstract The study explored the cognition of the non-science-majored preservice primary teachers about ozone layer depletion. Data were collected through questionnaires, which including four open-ended questions, and one concept map drawing . There were 198 samples. Among these samples, only 32 subjects participated the semi-structural interviews. The results showed that 98% of the non-science-majored preservice primary teachers realized the function of ozone layer was to decrease the ultraviolet rays reaching the earth's surface. 64.6% of these people thought the ozone layer depletion resulted from chlorofluorocarbons because it could break down ozone molecules. 83.3% of investigated people considered that the ozone layer depletion would increase peoples’ opportunity of developing skin cancer. Meanwhile, 85.9% of samples indicated that we should avoid using chlorofluorocarbons in order to prevent the ozone layer depletion from getting worse. As for misconceptions, 45% of the non-science-majored preservice primary teachers believed that the ozone layer depletion would result in the greenhouse effect, and 11.6% of them deemed that the vehicle emissions would cause the ozone layer depletion.
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Huck, Petra E. "The coupling of dynamics and chemistry in the Antarctic stratosphere : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Physics in the University of Canterbury /." 2007. http://library.canterbury.ac.nz/etd/adt-NZCU20070913.111048.
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Parthiban, S. "Theoretical Studies Of XOClO3 (X-ClO2, ClO3, Cl, F And H) And N2O5 : Implications For Stratospheric Ozone Depletion." Thesis, 1996. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/1574.
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Parthiban, S. "Theoretical Studies Of XOClO3 (X-ClO2, ClO3, Cl, F And H) And N2O5 : Implications For Stratospheric Ozone Depletion." Thesis, 1996. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2005/1574.
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Lin, Wun-Cian, and 林文謙. "Socialization, Advocacy, Power and Global Environmental Governance: A Study of the Ozone Layer Depletion and Global Warming." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24634607375603242259.
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博士東海大學
政治學系
101
In more recent years, within the field of International Relations, there has been an increasing interest in Global Environmental Governance. In order to deepen our understanding about the essence of environmental governance, this dissertation investigates three topics: the evolution process of global environmental governance network; the factors which prevent the efficacy of environmental governance; and the explanation capacity of international cooperation theories in environmental issues. Research findings: First, through the Socialization-Advocacy Process Analysis Framework, we explain the expanding discourse on global environmental governance. This process consists of the five stages below: the problems and norms shaping, international institution construction, internalization, feedback and proliferation, and lastly, re-feedback. Second, under the socialization process of environmental governance, the internalized condition of states affected the regulatory efficacy of governance network. For the purpose to evaluate the internalized condition on environmental issues, this dissertation suggests a formula to calculate the coefficient of internalization in each case. Third, after comparing the ozone layer depletion to global warming, we find out the factors that prevent the efficacy of global warming governance, they are as following: state’s willingness to regulation, internalized situation, power interaction, scientific uncertainty, institutional design, major powers, and institutional negative re-feedback. Finally, due to traditional international relations theories cannot completely explain the evolution process and the actor’s interaction in global environmental governance, the socialization-advocacy process analysis framework can overcome the shortcoming mentioned above, at the same time, can also improve the overall explanatory power.
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Alcock, Deborah. "The realization of an issue on the government decision agenda : the case of chlorofluorocarbons and ozone layer depletion." Thesis, 1990. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/5285/1/ML56039.pdf.
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England, Mark Ross. "Understanding Observed and Projected Climate Changes in the Antarctic, and their Global Impacts." Thesis, 2019. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-w437-kn51.
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The Antarctic climate has undergone complex changes over the last fifty years, driven largely by stratospheric ozone depletion. By the end of this century, under the current trajectory of anthropogenic emissions, the climate of Antarctica is projected to be significantly wetter, warmer and prone to the collapse of ice shelves and loss of sea ice cover. The overarching aim of this thesis is to increase our understanding of recent and projected Antarctic climate change and its drivers. We also investigate the potential global implications of these changes and show that the effects will not be limited to the southern high latitudes.
In the first half, we investigate the drivers of Antarctic climate change over the observational period. Specifically, we study the influence of the stratosphere on the southern high latitude surface climate, through stratosphere-troposphere dynamic coupling as well as stratospheric ozone depletion. We examine the impact of these on the Amundsen Sea Low, a key circulation feature near West Antarctica. We demonstrate using reanalysis that stratospheric heat flux extremes are linked to high latitude tropospheric anomalies in the Amundsen Sea region. During extreme negative (positive) events there is a westward (eastward) shift of the Amundsen Sea Low, a warming (cooling) and increase (decrease) of geopotential height over the Amundsen and Bellingshausen Seas. We find that most CMIP5 models are not able to capture this relationship. Next, we demonstrate that, since 1965, stratospheric ozone depletion has acted to deepen the Amundsen Sea Low in austral summer by 1 hPa per decade. This result was consistent across two different comprehensive climate models, each with very different model physics and climate sensitivity. It must be noted that the ozone depletion signal on the Amundsen Sea Low is small compared to the internal climate variability in this region. Using ensembles of model integrations and analysing them over the full period of ozone depletion (which started a couple of decades before the satellite era) is necessary to detect a robust signal.
In the second half, we investigate the effects of future Antarctic climate change, specifically the effects of projected sea ice loss over the coming century. Climate model simulations are used to isolate the effect of end-of-the-century Antarctic sea ice loss which is compared and contrasted with the effects of projected Arctic sea ice loss. We first study the effects of projected Antarctic sea ice loss used atmosphere-only simulations. As for the Arctic, results indicated that Antarctic sea ice loss will act to shift the tropospheric jet equatorward, an internal negative feedback to the poleward shift associated with increased greenhouse gases. Antarctic sea ice loss is shown to have an important effect throughout the year whereas Arctic sea ice loss will have more seasonally varying impacts. Building upon these results we the use the same climate model but in a fully coupled setup to study the effects of projected Antarctic sea ice loss on the climate system. We show that both Arctic and Antarctic sea ice loss will have important global effects, causing a ‘mini global warming’ signal. The tropical response to Antarctic sea ice loss is shown to be remarkably similar to that of Arctic sea ice loss, with enhanced warming in the Eastern Tropical Pacific and increased precipitation throughout much of the equatorial Pacific. These results highlight how intimately coupled the Antarctic climate is to the rest of the climate system.
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Kellerhals, Markus. "Dry deposition of ozone in the Lower Fraser Valley, British Columbia : measurements and comparison with a model." Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/4343.
Full textAbstract:
Surface deposition is an important sink for tropospheric ozone. The rate of ozone
deposition may be measured by measuring the downward flux of ozone in the atmospheric
surface-layer.
This thesis presents eddy correlation measurements of ozone fluxes, taken on eight days in
August, 1994, at a grassland site located in the Lower Fraser Valley of British Columbia. Surface
resistances to ozone deposition were calculated from the flux measurements. Much of the
variability in measured surface resistances was found to be attributable to variations in ambient
light levels and in the degree of moisture stress at the site. Measurements of surface resistance
from this site agreed quite well with other measurements of ozone deposition to grassland
surfaces.
Measured surface resistances were compared to surface resistances calculated using the
Wesely (1989) parameterization (W89) for surface resistance. W89 underestimated surface
resistance, particularly in the mid afternoon and early evening. This was attributed to the model's
neglect of the effects of water stress on stomatal resistance, as well as to a low value for
resistance to ground surface deposition in the model.
The eddy correlation fluxes were compared to ozone fluxes derived using an assumption
of cospectral similarity between ozone and heat flux and to ozone fluxes measured using the
variance method and the gradient method. The cospectral similarity method worked well and
allowed a considerable relaxation of the sampling speed requirements of the eddy correlation
method. The variance method produced biased flux measurements due to high frequency noise
from the ozone sensor. Flux measurements using the gradient method had a great deal of scatter,
due to inaccuracies in the measurement of gradients.
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Večeřa, Roman. "Ochrana ozónové vrstvy Země z pohledu práva." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-339188.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this thesis is to describe the complete view of protection of the ozone layer. Therefore, it contains information about international, european and national legislation in this area. In addition, international legal aspects of climate change are mentioned. Finally, both ozone regime and climate change regime are compared. The author pays attention to the advantages and disadvantages of legal instruments and tries to find ways how to use ozone legal instruments in climate protection.
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Bergerová, Lenka. "Ochrana ozónové vrstvy Země z pohledu práva." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-312506.
Full textAbstract:
Resumé: Protection of the ozone layer of the Earth from the perspective of law This thesis is dealing with protection of the ozone layer. I chose this topic because I consider ozone layer as a very important folder of the environment and its weakening is of global nature and for its protection it was necessary to involve as many countries as possible. This work is focused mainly on the development of ozone layer protection at the international level and on current legislativ. It also includes the European Union's approach to this problem. In the beginning of my thesis I'm trying to explain what is ozone, which substances deplete the ozone layer and which principles and tools are used for its protection. Chapter two is dedicated to the development of ozone layer protection. It includes the beginnings of the international cooperation which began to take shape in the middle of the 70s when was published the first scientific work, which pointed to damage of ozone layer by halogenated hydrocarbons. International cooperation resulted to the adoption of the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer and later to its implementation protocol - Montreal protocol, in September of 1987. The Montreal Protocol was considered an exceptional success of diplomacy in the sphere of environmental protection but in...
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Žujová, Magdaléna. "Ochrana ozónové vrstvy Země z pohledu práva." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-335371.
Full textAbstract:
107 Summary The Ozone layer of the Earth located in the stratosphere in an altitude of 20 to 50 kilometres is the important part of the gases surrounding the planet Earth. Its purpose is to absorb UV radiation that otherwise very negatively affects life on the Earth. During the twentieth century, this ability was weakened by the emission of substances proven much later to be very dangerous in this way. Until 1987, by various chemical reactions, in particular of chlorine atoms, the ozone hole has been formed over the South Pole of the Earth, not fully healed yet. In 1985, risk to human life led using the precautionary principle to the adoption of the Vienna Convention and subsequently of its implementing protocol including specific obligations especially the control measures of the production and consumption of ozone depleting substances and of the trade with them in 1987. The protocol was later modified by amendments and adjustments. This diploma thesis describes these acts with respect to their evolution and actual state of knowledge. At European level, it shows the evolution of the European environmental law in focus on the protection of the ozone layer and on the process of incorporation of international instruments in this area of environmental law. It describes these European acts and compares the...
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Gourde, Karine. "Le droit à un environnement de qualité au Québec : une réponse aux problèmes de pollution diffuse?" Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4794.
Full textAbstract:
Les Québécois sont de plus en plus conscients de l’environnement qui les entoure et de l’importance d’en assurer la qualité et la pérennité.
Certains phénomènes, tels les changements climatiques, l’accumulation de polluants organiques persistants et l’amincissement de la couche d’ozone, que nous qualifierons de phénomènes environnementaux diffus, sont engendrés par de multiples émetteurs de polluants et ont des effets globaux qui ne peuvent être liés à un événement précis et dont les impacts sont difficiles à identifier et à quantifier pour le moment.
En l’absence de preuve quant aux effets qu’auront ces phénomènes diffus sur les citoyens et les difficultés liées à la preuve scientifique du lien causal entre ce dommage et un émetteur de polluant donné, les recours classiques en responsabilité civile et pour troubles de voisinage, prévus aux articles 1457 et 976 C.c.Q., apparaissent inopérants.
Nous nous interrogeons donc sur l’existence d’un droit à l’environnement qui conférerait aux citoyens le droit de vivre dans un environnement sain et leur permettrait ainsi de réclamer que cesse toute atteinte environnementale engendrée par ces phénomènes, même si elle n’a pas d’effet directement sur eux.
Considérant l’importance de l’efficacité des recours qui pourraient permettre une mise en œuvre de ce droit, nous procéderons à l’analyse de trois sources potentielles d’un droit à l’environnement sous cet angle.
À cet effet, nous étudierons les recours constitutionnels et quasi-constitutionnels liés à la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés, à la Charte des droits et libertés de la personne et au recours institutionnel prévu dans la Loi sur la qualité de l’environnement.
Considérant l’absence de reconnaissance suffisante d’un droit à l’environnement et de recours efficaces pour en assurer la mise en œuvre, nous proposerons ensuite des pistes de solution afin que puisse être développé un mécanisme permettant une réponse judiciaire aux phénomènes environnementaux diffus.The quality of the environment has become a growing concern in the recent years for Quebec citizens. Phenomena such as climate change, persistent organic pollutants and the depletion of the ozone layer are caused by several sources, the effects of which cannot be distinguished one from the other and/or linked to a specific event. Furthermore, these phenomena have yet to create damage to Quebec residents in order to create the necessary standing for the introduction of legal proceedings. Also, the scientific uncertainty related to the source of potential damage and to the proof of said damage makes it impossible to legally attack the emitters of the pollutant contributing to this type of environmental phenomena under 1457 C.C.Q. or 976 C.C.Q. We have identified the 3 potential sources of a right to a clean environment which could entitle Quebec citizens to go before the courts in environmental matters, even in the absence of specific damages to their person or property. We have analysed the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, the Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms and the Environmental Quality Act and looked at the potential right to a clean environment possibly contained therein and the legal actions that could be taken to ensure their respect. Considering the weakness of what our legal system had to propose, we have developed solutions that could be put forward in order to allow the war against climate change and other environmental phenomena of the same nature to become legally actionable.