Academic literature on the topic 'Ozone Ozone layer depletion. Spectrophotometer'

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Journal articles on the topic "Ozone Ozone layer depletion. Spectrophotometer"

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Bresciani, Caroline, Gabriela Dornelles Bittencourt, José Valentin Bageston, et al. "Report of a large depletion in the ozone layer over southern Brazil and Uruguay by using multi-instrumental data." Annales Geophysicae 36, no. 2 (2018): 405–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-405-2018.

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Abstract. Ozone is one of the chemical compounds that form part of the atmosphere. It plays a key role in the stratosphere where the “ozone layer” is located and absorbs large amounts of ultraviolet radiation. However, during austral spring (August–November), there is a massive destruction of the ozone layer, which is known as the “Antarctic ozone hole”. This phenomenon decreases ozone concentration in that region, which may affect other regions in addition to the polar one. This anomaly may also reach mid-latitudes; hence, it is called the “secondary effect of the Antarctic ozone hole”. Therefore, this study aims to identify the passage of an ozone secondary effect (OSE) event in the region of the city of Santa Maria – RS (29.68∘ S, 53.80∘ W) by means of a multi-instrumental analysis using the satellites TIMED/SABER, AURA/MLS, and OMI-ERS. Measurements were made in São Martinho da Serra/RS – Brazil (29.53∘ S, 53.85∘ W) using a sounding balloon and a Brewer Spectrophotometer. In addition, the present study aims to describe and analyse the influence that this stratospheric ozone reduction has on temperatures presented by these instruments, including data collected through the radio occultation technique. The event was first identified by the AURA/MLS satellite on 19 October 2016 over Uruguay. This reduction in ozone concentration was found by comparing the climatology for the years 1996–1998 for the state of Rio Grande do Sul, which is close to Uruguay. This event was already observed in Santa Maria/RS-Brazil on 20 October 2016 as presented by the OMI-ERS satellite and the Brewer Spectrophotometer. Moreover, a significant decrease was reported by the TIMED/SABER satellite in Uruguay. On 21 October, the poor ozone air mass was still over the region of interest, according to the OMI-ERS satellite, data from the sounding balloon launched in Santa Maria/RS-Brazil, and measurements made by the AURA/MLS satellite. Furthermore, the influence of ozone on the stratosphere temperature was observed during this period. Despite a continuous decrease detected in height, the temperature should have followed an increasing pattern in the stratospheric layer. Finally, the TIMED/SABER and OMI-ERS satellites showed that on 23 October, the air mass with low ozone concentration was moving away, and its layer, as well as the temperature, in the stratosphere was re-established. Keywords. Atmospheric composition and structure (middle atmosphere – composition and chemistry; instruments and techniques)
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Vaníček, K., L. Metelka, P. Skřivánková, and M. Staněk. "Dobson, Brewer, ERA-40 and ERA-Interim original and merged total ozone data sets – evaluation of differences: a case study, Hradec Králové (Czech), 1961–2010." Earth System Science Data 4, no. 1 (2012): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-4-91-2012.

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Abstract. Homogenized data series of total ozone measurements taken by the regularly and well calibrated Dobson and Brewer spectrophotometers at Hradec Králové (Czech) and the data from the re-analyses ERA-40 and ERA-Interim were merged and compared to investigate differences between the particular data sets originated in Central Europe, the Northern Hemisphere (NH) mid-latitudes. The Dobson-to-Brewer transfer function and the algorithm for approximation of the data from the re-analyses were developed, tested and applied for creation of instrumentally consistent and completed total ozone data series of the 50-yr period 1961–2010 of observations. This correction has reduced the well-known seasonal differences between Dobson and Brewer data below the 1% calibration limit of the spectrophotometers. Incorporation of the ERA-40 and ERA-Interim total ozone data on days with missing measurements significantly improved completeness and reliability of the data series mainly in the first two decades of the period concerned. Consistent behaviour of the original and corrected/merged data sets was found in the pre-ozone-hole period (1961–1985). In the post-Pinatubo (1994–2010) era the data series show seasonal differences that can introduce uncertainty in estimation of ozone recovery mainly in the winter-spring season when the effect of the Montreal Protocol and its Amendments is expected. All the data sets confirm substantial depletion of ozone also in the summer months that gives rise to the question about its origin. The merged and completed data series of total ozone will be further analyzed to quantify chemical ozone losses and contribution of natural atmospheric processes to the ozone depletion over the region. This case study points out the importance of selection and evaluation of the quality and consistency of the input data sets used in estimation of long-term ozone changes including recovery of the ozone layer over the selected areas. Data are available from the PANGAEA database at doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.779819.
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Vaníček, K., L. Metelka, P. Skřivánková, and M. Staněk. "Dobson, Brewer, ERA-40 and ERA-Interim original and assimilated total ozone data sets – evaluation of differences: a case study, Hradec Králové (Czech), 1961–2010." Earth System Science Data Discussions 5, no. 1 (2012): 445–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essdd-5-445-2012.

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Abstract. Homogenized data series of total ozone measurements taken by the regularly and well calibrated Dobson and Brewer spectrophotometers at Hradec Králové (Czech) and the data from the re-analyses ERA-40 and ERA-Interim were assimilated and combined to investigate differences between the particular data sets over Central Europe, the NH mid-latitudes. The Dobson-to-Brewer transfer function and the algorithm for approximation of the data from the re-analyses were developed, tested and applied for creation of instrumentally consistent and completed total ozone data series of the 50-yr period 1961–2010 of observations. The assimilation has reduced the well-known seasonal differences between Dobson and Brewer data below the 1% calibration limit of the spectrophotometers. Incorporation of the ERA-40 and ERA-Interim total ozone data on days with missing measurements significantly improved completeness and reliability of the data series mainly in the first two decades of the period concerned. Consistent behaviour of the original and assimilated data sets was found in the pre-ozone-hole period (1961–1985). In the post-Pinatubo (1994–2010) era the data series show seasonal differences that can introduce uncertainty in estimation of ozone recovery mainly in the winter-spring season when the effect of the Montreal Protocol and its Amendments is expected. All the data sets confirm substantial depletion of ozone also in the summer months that gives rise to the question about its origin. The assimilated and completed data series of total ozone will be further analyzed to quantify chemical ozone losses and contribution of natural atmospheric processes to the ozone depletion over the region. This case study points out importance of selection and evaluation of the quality and consistency of the input data sets used in estimation of long-term ozone changes including recovery of the ozone layer over the selected areas. Data are available from the PANGAEA database at http://dx.doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.779819.
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Grancaric, Ana, Zeljko Penava, and Anita Tarbuk. "UV protection of cotton: The influence of weaving structure." Chemical Industry 59, no. 9-10 (2005): 230–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind0510230g.

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Due to the depletion of the ozone layer, shorter but high energy UV-B rays and longer energy UV-A rays causing known skin aging and recently the formation of skin malignant neoplasm are reaching the surface of earth. The paper deals with the influence of different fabric construction on ultraviolet skin protection expressed as the ultraviolet protection factor (UPF). It is well known that clothing provides some protection against damage by ultraviolet radiation, but it highly depends on fabric construction, especially for longer exposure to sun light. Fabric openness or porosity is a key parameter influencing ultraviolet (UV-R) transmission. The effect of fabric density and cover factor using twelve woven fabrics from the same cotton fibres and yarn count, but different in type of weaving and fabric density were investigated. UPF and UV-A and UV-B transmission were measured using a transmission spectrophotometer Gary 50 Solarscreen (Varian) according to the AATCC Test Method 183-2000.
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De Winter-Sorkina, Renata. "Impact of ozone layer depletion I: ozone depletion climatology." Atmospheric Environment 35, no. 9 (2001): 1609–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(00)00436-2.

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Rowland, F. Sherwood. "Stratospheric ozone depletion." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 361, no. 1469 (2006): 769–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2005.1783.

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Solar ultraviolet radiation creates an ozone layer in the atmosphere which in turn completely absorbs the most energetic fraction of this radiation. This process both warms the air, creating the stratosphere between 15 and 50 km altitude, and protects the biological activities at the Earth's surface from this damaging radiation. In the last half-century, the chemical mechanisms operating within the ozone layer have been shown to include very efficient catalytic chain reactions involving the chemical species HO, HO 2 , NO, NO 2 , Cl and ClO. The NO X and ClO X chains involve the emission at Earth's surface of stable molecules in very low concentration (N 2 O, CCl 2 F 2 , CCl 3 F, etc.) which wander in the atmosphere for as long as a century before absorbing ultraviolet radiation and decomposing to create NO and Cl in the middle of the stratospheric ozone layer. The growing emissions of synthetic chlorofluorocarbon molecules cause a significant diminution in the ozone content of the stratosphere, with the result that more solar ultraviolet-B radiation (290–320 nm wavelength) reaches the surface. This ozone loss occurs in the temperate zone latitudes in all seasons, and especially drastically since the early 1980s in the south polar springtime—the ‘Antarctic ozone hole’. The chemical reactions causing this ozone depletion are primarily based on atomic Cl and ClO, the product of its reaction with ozone. The further manufacture of chlorofluorocarbons has been banned by the 1992 revisions of the 1987 Montreal Protocol of the United Nations. Atmospheric measurements have confirmed that the Protocol has been very successful in reducing further emissions of these molecules. Recovery of the stratosphere to the ozone conditions of the 1950s will occur slowly over the rest of the twenty-first century because of the long lifetime of the precursor molecules.
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Christidou, Vasilia, and Vasilis Koulaidis. "Children's models of the ozone layer and ozone depletion." Research in Science Education 26, no. 4 (1996): 421–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02357453.

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De Winter-Sorkina, Renata. "Impact of ozone layer depletion II:." Atmospheric Environment 35, no. 9 (2001): 1615–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(00)00437-4.

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Rowlands, Ian H. "OZONE LAYER DEPLETION AND GLOBAL WARMING." Peace & Change 16, no. 3 (1991): 260–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0130.1991.tb00572.x.

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Bodeker, G. E., H. Shiona, and H. Eskes. "Indicators of Antarctic ozone depletion." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 5, no. 10 (2005): 2603–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-2603-2005.

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Abstract. An assimilated data base of total column ozone measurements from satellites has been used to generate a set of indicators describing attributes of the Antarctic ozone hole for the period 1979 to 2003, including (i) daily measures of the area over Antarctica where ozone levels are below 150 DU, below 220 DU, more than 30% below 1979 to 1981 norms, and more than 50% below 1979 to 1981 norms, (ii) the date of disappearance of 150 DU ozone values, 220 DU ozone values, values 30% below 1979 to 1981 norms, and values 50% below 1979 to 1981 norms, for each year, (iii) daily minimum total column ozone values over Antarctica, and (iv) daily values of the ozone mass deficit based on a O3<220 DU threshold. The assimilated data base combines satellite-based ozone measurements from 4 Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) instruments, 3 different retrievals from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME), and data from 4 Solar Backscatter Ultra-Violet (SBUV) instruments. Comparisons with the global ground-based Dobson spectrophotometer network are used to remove offsets and drifts between the different data sets to produce a global homogeneous data set that combines the advantages of good spatial coverage of satellite data with good long-term stability of ground-based measurements. One potential use of the derived indices is detection of the expected recovery of the Antarctic ozone hole. The suitability of the derived indicators to this task is discussed in the context of their variability and their susceptibility to saturation effects which makes them less responsive to decreasing stratospheric halogen loading. It is also shown that if the corrections required to match recent Earth Probe TOMS measurements to Dobson measurements are not applied, some of the indictors are affected so as to obscure detection of the recovery of the Antarctic ozone hole.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ozone Ozone layer depletion. Spectrophotometer"

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Tang, Apollo Teck Choon. "A computer simulation of polar sunrise ozone depletion in the planetary boundary layer." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ59206.pdf.

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Rowlands, Ian. "International regime formation : the politics of ozone layer depletion and global warming." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1992. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/122/.

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This thesis examines the politics of international regime formation, with particular reference to the global atmospheric problems of ozone layer depletion and global warming. A review of the international relations literature reveals that there are three approaches to the study of international regime formation: global, state-centred and individualistic. Building upon these, three preconditions and four catalysts for international regime formation are proposed. Each of the hypothesised preconditions -- scientific consensus, tolerable domestic economics costs and global equity -- is necessary, though not by itself sufficient, for international regime formation. Meanwhile, although no one of the hypothesised catalysts -- political entrepreneurs, the solidity of the broader international political system, environmental pressure groups and the mobilisation of public opinion -- is a necessary element for the formation of an international regime, the presence of any one can nevertheless accelerate the rate at which regimes are formed. The theoretical framework that is proposed is applied to the histories of the ozone layer depletion and global warming issues. In this investigation, data up to the end of 1991 were considered. The thesis also considers some issues that extend beyond the end of 1991, for the nature of parts of the analysis precludes an unwavering commitment to this cut-off date. The findings of this investigation have both theoretical and empirical dimensions. First, because the application of the theoretical framework does not invalidate it, thinking about the formation of regimes in international society in general is advanced. And second, by applying the framework to these two particular issues, explanations are offered as to why an international regime had been formed by the end of 1991 to preserve the earth's ozone layer, while one to deal with global warming had not.
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Hosseini, Jamaladdin. "Global environment an emerging challenge for international cooperation building a legal regime for ozone layer depletion /." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1992. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/31166235.html.

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Cybulski, Walter J. "Assessing the consequences of ozone depletion on ecosystem function effects of ultraviolet-B radiation on plant biomass, tissue quality and litter decomposition /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1661.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2000.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 193 p. : ill. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
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Yanis, Hilal. "Investigating Preservice Science Teachers." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614546/index.pdf.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate preservice science teachers&rsquo<br>mental models about the role and distribution of ozone layer and ozone layer depletion regarding their ontological orientation. This study was conducted with twenty four preservice science teachers who were enrolled in Elementary Science Education Program of Education Faculty of one public university located in Central Anatolia. From each grade level six preservice science teachers were selected<br>two from low achiever, two from middle achiever and two from high achiever. Moreover, in the study, data were collected by using semi structured interview and interview consists of eleven questions and with five questions having multiple parts. Interview recordings were transcribed and analyzed qualitatively. In the following steps of the analysis, researcher proceeded with the already formed and described codes in an easygoing way. The results revealed that preservice science teachers&rsquo<br>responses were mostly seen as skin cancer and sunburn as harmful effects of ultraviolet rays and preservice science teachers&rsquo<br>responses were mostly seen as activation vitamin D and photosynthesis of plants as beneficial effects of Sun&rsquo<br>s rays. Half of preservice science teachers thought that ozone layer exists in the atmosphere. Moreover, preservice science teachers&rsquo<br>responses were mostly seen as perfume, deodorant, car, and spray as harmful materials to ozone layer. Chlorofluorocarbon, carbon monoxide, and carbon-dioxide were the most seen responses as harmful chemicals to ozone layer. Similar misconceptions were identified when compared with past studies. Also, different misconceptions were found in the study. Ten distinct models were formed regarding role and distribution of ozone layer and five distinct models were formed regarding ozone layer depletion. Moreover, absorbing and reflecting surface was mostly seen ontological belief regarding role and distribution of ozone layer. Hole was mostly seen ontological belief regarding ozone layer depletion. Generally, achievement and grade level did not make difference among preservice science teachers forming which type of mental models and having ontological beliefs.
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Garvin, Theresa Dawn. "Evidence, policy and practice in environmental health : an international case study of sun safety /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0033/NQ66209.pdf.

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Binyamin, Jacqueline. "Modelling spectral and broadband UV-B (290-325 nm) irradiance for Canada /." *McMaster only, 2001.

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Rajan, Mukund Govind. "India and the north-south politics of global environmental issues : the case of ozone depletion, climate change and loss of biodiversity." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:065449d2-6c0f-4aec-8ba9-a84cab137be9.

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The cooperation of developing countries is commonly assumed to be essential for the establishment of effective regimes to manage global environmental interdependence. Yet their policies and perceptions have been inadequately studied. This thesis seeks to partially fill this gap in the literature with a detailed analysis of Indian policy on global environmental issues. It examines the cases of ozone depletion, climate change, and loss of biodiversity, and discusses developments up to the 1992 Earth Summit. The study addresses four broad questions about Indian policy: the process of policy making; the character of Indian interests and preferences; the nature and evolution of India's bargaining strategy; and the outcome of international negotiations for India. It reveals a complex picture of continuity and change in Indian policy. It demonstrates the enduring importance of traditions and values such as the "poverty is the greatest polluter" orthodoxy and the concepts of sovereignty, equity and Third World solidarity. It also highlights the impact of perceptions of vulnerability in relation to the North. It argues that Indian policy did not reflect purely powermaximising goals; policy makers were sometimes uncertain about where India's interests precisely lay, and felt constrained both by economic weakness and by the recognition of the mutual interest of all states in global environmental protection. This was reflected in the moderation in India's bargaining strategy. The Indian case suggests that developing countries did not regard their cooperation in the resolution of global environmental issues purely as a bargaining chip with which to extract concessions from the North. Still less did they perceive these issues as providing an opportunity to pose a macro-challenge to the North, linking agendas across issue areas. Instead, their goals reflected perceptions of constraints and mutual interests in bargaining with the North. Their bargaining strategy thus tended to be moderate and flexible, unlike the confrontational approach of the 1970s.
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Raffel, Ann Eileen. "Methyl Halide Production by Calcareous Periphyton Mats from the Florida Everglades." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1524.

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Methyl halides are trace gases with both natural and anthropogenic origins. Once generated, these gases transport chlorine and bromine into the stratosphere, where they play an important role in ozone depleting catalytic cycles. The Florida Everglades is one location where methyl halide emissions have been proposed to be elevated due to high primary production and ionic halogens. This region also provides a unique study environment due to salt water intrusions, which occur during storm or low marsh water level-high tide events. The purpose of this research was twofold. First, quantification of methyl chloride (CH3Cl) and methyl bromide (CH3Br) production from periphyton mats on a temporal scale was needed. Secondly, to determine how varying concentrations of salinity affect CH3Cl and CH3Br production originating from calcareous periphyton mats within the Everglades. Periphyton was exposed to continuous 12 hour dark/light cycles in varying concentrations of salt water (0, 0.1, 1, 5, and 10 parts per thousand). All water samples were analyzed to determine the production rate of CH3Cl and CH3Br in periphyton samples using a gas chromatograph coupled with an electron capture detector (GC-ECD). Periphyton mats were found to be a producer of CH3Cl in all freshwater (0 parts per thousand) trials and sampling times; however, results from CH3Br analysis found production rates that suggest consumption occurred in the majority of the 0 parts per thousand trials. Production rates for CH3Cl ranged from 0.077 to 0.109 g-1hr-1 after 24 hours, 0.027 to 0.073 pM g-1hr-1 after 48 hours, and 0.034 to 0.047 pM g-1hr-1 after 72 hours. Production rates for the CH3Br freshwater experiments ranged from -0.00025 to 0.00185 pM g-1hr-1 after 24 hours, -0.00022 to -0.00078 pM g-1hr-1 after 48 hours, and -0.00042 to -0.00061 pM g-1hr-1 after 72 hours. This research has also shown that increased salinity does have a significant positive effect on the production of CH3Cl and CH3Br from calcareous periphyton mats, which is important in areas that could be prone to salt water intrusions or rising sea levels due to global climate change.
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Savastiouk, Vladimir. "Improvements to the direct-sun ozone observations taken with the Brewer spectrophotometer /." 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:NR19809.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--York University, 2006. Graduate Programme in Physics and Astronomy.<br>Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 121-134). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:NR19809
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Books on the topic "Ozone Ozone layer depletion. Spectrophotometer"

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Michael, Bright. The ozone layer. Gloucester Press, 1991.

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Duden, Jane. The ozone layer. Crestwood House, 1990.

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Ozone. KidHaven Press, 2005.

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Hare, Tony. The ozone layer. Gloucester Press, 1990.

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Chatterjee, K. Ozone depletion and montreal protocol on substances depleting ozone layer. Environment Systems Branch, Development Alternatives, 1993.

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Robin, Clarke. The ozone layer. United Nations Environment Programme, 1987.

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Ozone hole. Sea-to-Sea Publications, 2010.

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Sally, Morgan. Ozone hole. Sea to Sea Publications, 2006.

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Shanklin, J. D. The Antarctic ozone hole. British Antarctic Survey, 1998.

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Sherren, D. Michael. Stratospheric ozone depletion kit. KEY Foundation, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ozone Ozone layer depletion. Spectrophotometer"

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Karplus, Walter J. "Ozone Layer Depletion." In The Heavens Are Falling. Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-6024-5_5.

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Falkner, Robert. "Ozone Layer Depletion." In Business Power and Conflict in International Environmental Politics. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230277892_3.

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Savaşan, Zerrin. "Case Study I: Ozone Layer Depletion." In Paris Climate Agreement: A Deal for Better Compliance? Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14313-8_5.

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De Fabo, Edward C. "Stratospheric Ozone Depletion and Uv-Induced Immune Suppression: Implications for Human Health." In Protecting the Ozone Layer. Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5585-8_7.

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Rives, John E. "The non-Scanning UV-B Spectrophotometer." In Stratospheric Ozone Depletion/UV-B Radiation in the Biosphere. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78884-0_27.

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Leun, Jan C. van der. "Effects of Ozone Layer Depletion on Man." In Biologic Effects of Light, edited by Michael F. Holick and Albert M. Kligman. De Gruyter, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110856156-048.

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Ibanez, Jorge G., Margarita Hernandez-Esparza, Carmen Doria-Serrano, Arturo Fregoso-Infante, and Mono Mohan Singh. "Halogenated Hydrocarbons and the Ozone Layer Depletion." In Environmental Chemistry. Springer New York, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-49493-7_10.

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Krasouski, Aliaksandr, and Siarhei Zenchanka. "Ozone Layer Depletion, Climate Change, Risks and Adaptation." In Climate Change Management. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72874-2_8.

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Bosnjakovic, Branko F. M. "Towards a Solution of the Ozone Layer Depletion Problem." In NATO ASI Series. Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0661-8_34.

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Müller, Jürgen. "Possible Heterogeneous Reaction Processes Inducing Depletion of the Ozone Layer in the Stratospheric Antarctica." In Physico-Chemical Behaviour of Atmospheric Pollutants. Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0567-2_32.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ozone Ozone layer depletion. Spectrophotometer"

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Chakraborty, Shouvik, Kalyani Mali, Sankhadeep Chatterjee, et al. "Dermatological effect of UV rays owing to ozone layer depletion." In 2017 4th International Conference on Opto-Electronics and Applied Optics (Optronix). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/optronix.2017.8349975.

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Khan, M. Ayub, Yousuf Zai, M. Arif Hussain, and M. Rashid Kamal Ansari. "Investigating chaos in ozone layer depletion at Pakistan air space." In 2009 4th International Conference on Recent Advances in Space Technologies (RAST). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rast.2009.5158280.

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Cao, Le, and Eva Gutheil. "Modeling and Simulation of Tropospheric Ozone Depletion in the Polar Spring." In ASME 2014 4th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2014-22045.

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In polar spring, tropospheric ozone depletion is related to the presence of halogen oxide concentrations in the atmospheric boundary layer. Halogen oxides such as BrO participate in an autocatalytic chemical reaction cycle, leading to the release of Br2 and BrCl from the fresh sea ice. The paper presents the identification of a detailed chemical reaction mechanism for the ozone depletion event, where bromine plays the major role. The heterogeneous reactions in the chemical reaction mechanism are studied in detail, and a sensitivity analysis is performed to identify the importance of each reaction in the mechanism. A skeletal reaction scheme is identified on the basis of the sensitivity analysis,. This skeletal chemical reaction mechanism then is used in a 3-D large eddy simulation (LES) with the Smagorinsky sub-grid model. The configuration studied includes a mountain located at the ground above which the ozone depletion is studied. In this situation, the height of the boundary layer varies, which greatly affects the ozone depletion event.
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Yousuf Zai, M. Ayub Khan, and M. Rashid Kamal Ansari. "Study the effect of ozone layer depletion on aircraft design at atmospheric region of Pakistan." In 2008 2nd International Conference on Advances in Space Technologies (ICAST). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icast.2008.4747686.

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Khanyousuf Zai, M., and M. Khan. "Study of Nonlineare Dynamics of Ozone Layer Depletion for Stratospheric Region of Pakistan using Ground Based Instrumentation." In 2006 International Conference on Advances in Space Technologies. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icast.2006.313791.

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Eduardo Coló Andrade, Raúl, and Glinda Irazoque Palazuelos. "ALTERNATIVE CONCEPTIONS AND OTHER DIFFICULTIES IN TEACHING AND LEARNING THE TOPIC: OZONE LAYER DEPLETION FOR HIGH SCHOOL LEVEL." In 10th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation. IATED, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2017.1712.

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YousufZai, M. Ayub Khan, Jawaid Quamar, M. Rashid Kamal Ansari, M. Javed Iqbal, and M. Arif Hussain. "Investigating the Correlational Structures of UV Radiation for Marine Ecosystem due to Ozone Layer Depletion at Pakistan's atmospheric region." In 2007 3rd International Conference on Recent Advances in Space Technologies. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rast.2007.4284101.

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Singh, Bharat Raj, and Onkar Singh. "A Study on Sustainable Energy Sources and its Conversion Systems Towards Development of an Efficient Zero Pollution Novel Air Turbine to Use as Prime-Mover to the Light Vehicle." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-66803.

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Greater use of hydrocarbon fuel has led to fast depletion of fossil fuel reserves. This has now become worldwide problem making civilization vulnerable due to paucity of fuel in future. It is also a fact that as civilization is growing the use of transport has become essential part of life. The use of large number of vehicles for transport is contributing to about 70% of total air pollution, creating environmental &amp; ecological imbalances. About 100–150 years old transport technology is totally based on combustions causing higher rate of emission, ultimately depleting the thickness of Ozone layer and causing the global warming. Thus worldwide fast depletion of conventional energy resources necessitates the search of alternatives such as Non-Conventional Energy Sources, Renewable Energy Sources and other Direct Conversion of Energy Sources. This paper deals with study on potential of renewable energy resources and their conversion system with emphasis on development of zero pollution engine for vehicles which may lead to sustainable future.
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Tonelli, Annachiara, David Mosna, and Giuseppe Vignali. "Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of different packaging systems for coffee capsules." In the 4th International Food Operations and Processing Simulation Workshop. CAL-TEK srl, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.46354/i3m.2018.foodops.001.

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"The aim of this work is to compare the environmental impact of three different packaging systems for coffee capsules, which can be used in the same coffee machine. A comparative Life Cycle Assessment has been performed considering the following three types of coffee capsules: 1. Compostable coffee capsules packaged into a multichamber PET tray. 2. Capsules made of aluminium and packaged into cardboard boxes. 3. Capsules made of polypropylene with an aluminium top lid, singularly packaged in modified atmosphere into a bag made of multilayer film of aluminium and polypropylene. The functional unit considered is a coffee capsule. To evaluate the environmental impact, the EPD (Environmental Product Declaration) method is used. This work shows that it is possible to reduce the environmental impact of compostable capsules packaged in PET tray by two ways: by using a less polluting starch polymer and by producing biogas instead of compost from the organic waste. With these improvements, the compostable coffee capsule in PET tray results the less damaging packaging system for all categories except than for the ozone layer depletion and the fossil fuels depletion."
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Tada, Katsuyoshi, Kei Inoue, Tomo Kawakami, Keijiro Saitoh, and Satoshi Tanimura. "Expanding Fuel Flexibility in MHPS’ Dry Low NOx Combustor." In ASME Turbo Expo 2018: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2018-77164.

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Gas-turbine combined-cycle (GTCC) power generation is clean and efficient, and its demand will increase in the future from economic and social perspectives. Raising turbine inlet temperature is an effective way to increase combined cycle efficiency and contributes to global environmental conservation by reducing CO2 emissions and preventing global warming. However, increasing turbine inlet temperature can lead to the increase of NOx emissions, depletion of the ozone layer and generation of photochemical smog. To deal with this issue, MHPS (MITSUBISHI HITACHI POWER SYSTEMS) and MHI (MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES) have developed Dry Low NOx (DLN) combustion techniques for high temperature gas turbines. In addition, fuel flexibility is one of the most important features for DLN combustors to meet the requirement of the gas turbine market. MHPS and MHI have demonstrated DLN combustor fuel flexibility with natural gas (NG) fuels that have a large Wobbe Index variation, a Hydrogen-NG mixture, and crude oils.
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