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Journal articles on the topic 'Ozone Ozone layer depletion. Spectrophotometer'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Bresciani, Caroline, Gabriela Dornelles Bittencourt, José Valentin Bageston, et al. "Report of a large depletion in the ozone layer over southern Brazil and Uruguay by using multi-instrumental data." Annales Geophysicae 36, no. 2 (2018): 405–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-405-2018.

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Abstract. Ozone is one of the chemical compounds that form part of the atmosphere. It plays a key role in the stratosphere where the “ozone layer” is located and absorbs large amounts of ultraviolet radiation. However, during austral spring (August–November), there is a massive destruction of the ozone layer, which is known as the “Antarctic ozone hole”. This phenomenon decreases ozone concentration in that region, which may affect other regions in addition to the polar one. This anomaly may also reach mid-latitudes; hence, it is called the “secondary effect of the Antarctic ozone hole”. There

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2

Vaníček, K., L. Metelka, P. Skřivánková, and M. Staněk. "Dobson, Brewer, ERA-40 and ERA-Interim original and merged total ozone data sets – evaluation of differences: a case study, Hradec Králové (Czech), 1961–2010." Earth System Science Data 4, no. 1 (2012): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-4-91-2012.

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Abstract. Homogenized data series of total ozone measurements taken by the regularly and well calibrated Dobson and Brewer spectrophotometers at Hradec Králové (Czech) and the data from the re-analyses ERA-40 and ERA-Interim were merged and compared to investigate differences between the particular data sets originated in Central Europe, the Northern Hemisphere (NH) mid-latitudes. The Dobson-to-Brewer transfer function and the algorithm for approximation of the data from the re-analyses were developed, tested and applied for creation of instrumentally consistent and completed total ozone data

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3

Vaníček, K., L. Metelka, P. Skřivánková, and M. Staněk. "Dobson, Brewer, ERA-40 and ERA-Interim original and assimilated total ozone data sets – evaluation of differences: a case study, Hradec Králové (Czech), 1961–2010." Earth System Science Data Discussions 5, no. 1 (2012): 445–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essdd-5-445-2012.

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Abstract. Homogenized data series of total ozone measurements taken by the regularly and well calibrated Dobson and Brewer spectrophotometers at Hradec Králové (Czech) and the data from the re-analyses ERA-40 and ERA-Interim were assimilated and combined to investigate differences between the particular data sets over Central Europe, the NH mid-latitudes. The Dobson-to-Brewer transfer function and the algorithm for approximation of the data from the re-analyses were developed, tested and applied for creation of instrumentally consistent and completed total ozone data series of the 50-yr period

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4

Grancaric, Ana, Zeljko Penava, and Anita Tarbuk. "UV protection of cotton: The influence of weaving structure." Chemical Industry 59, no. 9-10 (2005): 230–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind0510230g.

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Due to the depletion of the ozone layer, shorter but high energy UV-B rays and longer energy UV-A rays causing known skin aging and recently the formation of skin malignant neoplasm are reaching the surface of earth. The paper deals with the influence of different fabric construction on ultraviolet skin protection expressed as the ultraviolet protection factor (UPF). It is well known that clothing provides some protection against damage by ultraviolet radiation, but it highly depends on fabric construction, especially for longer exposure to sun light. Fabric openness or porosity is a key param

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5

De Winter-Sorkina, Renata. "Impact of ozone layer depletion I: ozone depletion climatology." Atmospheric Environment 35, no. 9 (2001): 1609–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(00)00436-2.

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6

Rowland, F. Sherwood. "Stratospheric ozone depletion." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 361, no. 1469 (2006): 769–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2005.1783.

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Solar ultraviolet radiation creates an ozone layer in the atmosphere which in turn completely absorbs the most energetic fraction of this radiation. This process both warms the air, creating the stratosphere between 15 and 50 km altitude, and protects the biological activities at the Earth's surface from this damaging radiation. In the last half-century, the chemical mechanisms operating within the ozone layer have been shown to include very efficient catalytic chain reactions involving the chemical species HO, HO 2 , NO, NO 2 , Cl and ClO. The NO X and ClO X chains involve the emission at Ear

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7

Christidou, Vasilia, and Vasilis Koulaidis. "Children's models of the ozone layer and ozone depletion." Research in Science Education 26, no. 4 (1996): 421–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02357453.

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8

De Winter-Sorkina, Renata. "Impact of ozone layer depletion II:." Atmospheric Environment 35, no. 9 (2001): 1615–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(00)00437-4.

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9

Rowlands, Ian H. "OZONE LAYER DEPLETION AND GLOBAL WARMING." Peace & Change 16, no. 3 (1991): 260–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0130.1991.tb00572.x.

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10

Bodeker, G. E., H. Shiona, and H. Eskes. "Indicators of Antarctic ozone depletion." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 5, no. 10 (2005): 2603–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-2603-2005.

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Abstract. An assimilated data base of total column ozone measurements from satellites has been used to generate a set of indicators describing attributes of the Antarctic ozone hole for the period 1979 to 2003, including (i) daily measures of the area over Antarctica where ozone levels are below 150 DU, below 220 DU, more than 30% below 1979 to 1981 norms, and more than 50% below 1979 to 1981 norms, (ii) the date of disappearance of 150 DU ozone values, 220 DU ozone values, values 30% below 1979 to 1981 norms, and values 50% below 1979 to 1981 norms, for each year, (iii) daily minimum total co

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11

Bodeker, G. E., H. Shiona, and H. Eskes. "Indicators of Antarctic ozone depletion." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 5, no. 3 (2005): 3811–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-5-3811-2005.

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Abstract. An assimilated data base of total column ozone measurements from satellites has been used to generate a set of indicators describing attributes of the Antarctic ozone hole for the period 1979 to 2003, including (i) daily measures of the area over Antarctica where ozone levels are below 150DU, below 220DU, more than 30% below 1979 to 1981 norms, and more than 50% below 1979 to 1981 norms, (ii) the date of disappearance of 150DU ozone values, 220DU ozone values, values 30% below 1979 to 1981 norms, and values 50% below 1979 to 1981 norms, for each year, (iii) daily minimum total column

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12

IBUSUKI, Takashi. "Depletion of Stratospheric Ozone Layer by Chlorofluorocarbons." Journal of Japan Oil Chemists' Society 41, no. 9 (1992): 867–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5650/jos1956.41.867.

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13

Mickle, R. E., J. W. Bottenheim, W. R. Leaitch, and W. Evans. "Boundary layer ozone depletion during AGASP-II." Atmospheric Environment (1967) 23, no. 11 (1989): 2443–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(89)90255-2.

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14

Lu, Jinpeng, Fei Xie, Hongying Tian, and Jiali Luo. "Impacts of Ozone Changes in the Tropopause Layer on Stratospheric Water Vapor." Atmosphere 12, no. 3 (2021): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12030291.

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Stratospheric water vapor (SWV) changes play an important role in regulating global climate change, and its variations are controlled by tropopause temperature. This study estimates the impacts of tropopause layer ozone changes on tropopause temperature by radiative process and further influences on lower stratospheric water vapor (LSWV) using the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM4). It is found that a 10% depletion in global (mid-low and polar latitudes) tropopause layer ozone causes a significant cooling of the tropical cold-point tropopause with a maximum cooling of 0.3 K, and

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15

Strong, C., J. D. Fuentes, R. E. Davis, and J. W. Bottenheim. "Thermodynamic attributes of Arctic boundary layer ozone depletion." Atmospheric Environment 36, no. 15-16 (2002): 2641–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(02)00114-0.

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16

Anderson, Alun. "Depletion of ozone layer drives competitors to cooperate." Nature 331, no. 6153 (1988): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/331201a0.

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17

Evans, W. F. J. "A hole in the Arctic polar ozone layer during March 1986." Canadian Journal of Physics 67, no. 2-3 (1989): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p89-027.

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A craterlike structure or "hole" in the Arctic polar ozone layer during March 1986 has been observed in the total ozone images from the total ozone mapping spectrometer instrument on the NIMBUS 7 satellite. Observations from ozonesondes in the vicinity of this crater show a depleted region in the altitude profile from 10 to 16 km. This altitude region of depleted ozone is similar to the depleted layer observed from 12 to 18 km within the Antarctic ozone hole. A comparison has been made between the ozone altitude profile outside the crater at Resolute, N.W.T., Canada (75°N), and the ozone altit

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18

Zhao, Xiaoyi, Dan Weaver, Kristof Bognar, et al. "Cyclone-induced surface ozone and HDO depletion in the Arctic." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 24 (2017): 14955–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-14955-2017.

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Abstract. Ground-based, satellite, and reanalysis datasets were used to identify two similar cyclone-induced surface ozone depletion events at Eureka, Canada (80.1° N, 86.4° W), in March 2007 and April 2011. These two events were coincident with observations of hydrogen deuterium oxide (HDO) depletion, indicating that condensation and sublimation occurred during the transport of the ozone-depleted air masses. Ice clouds (vapour and crystals) and aerosols were detected by lidar and radar when the ozone- and HDO-depleted air masses arrived over Eureka. For the 2007 event, an ice cloud layer was

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19

Drake, Frances. "Stratospheric ozone depletion - an overview of the scientific debate." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 19, no. 1 (1995): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913339501900101.

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For almost half a century it was widely believed that the photochemistry of the stratosphere and hence ozone distribution were well understoood. As observations revealed a gap between observed and predicted values it was recognized that a number of substances acted as catalysts thereby increasing the destruction of ozone and that humanity could augment those catalysts and affect the ozone layer. Initial concern focused on nitrogen oxides from the exhausts of supersonic transport, but attention switched in the mid-1970s to chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Although the theory of anthropogenic ozone d

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20

Siegmund, Peter, Henk Eskes, and Peter van Velthoven. "Antarctic Ozone Transport and Depletion in Austral Spring 2002." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 62, no. 3 (2005): 838–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-3320.1.

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Abstract The ozone budget in the Antarctic region during the stratospheric warming in 2002 is studied, using ozone analyses from the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI) ozone-transport and assimilation model called TM3DAM. The results show a strong poleward ozone mass flux during this event south of 45°S between about 20 and 40 hPa, which is about 5 times as large as the ozone flux in 2001 and 2000, and is dominated by eddy transport. Above 10 hPa, there exists a partially compensating equatorward ozone flux, which is dominated by the mean meridional circulation. During this even

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21

Pekel, Feyzi Osman, and Esra Özay. "Turkish High School Students' Perceptions of Ozone Layer Depletion." Applied Environmental Education & Communication 4, no. 2 (2005): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15330150590934598.

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22

Dameris, Martin. "Depletion of the Ozone Layer in the 21st Century." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 49, no. 3 (2009): 489–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.200906334.

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23

Cao, L., H. Sihler, U. Platt, and E. Gutheil. "Numerical analysis of the chemical kinetic mechanisms of ozone depletion and halogen release in the polar troposphere." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, no. 7 (2014): 3771–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-3771-2014.

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Abstract. The role of halogen species (e.g., Br, Cl) in the troposphere of polar regions has been investigated since the discovery of their importance for boundary layer ozone destruction in the polar spring about 25 years ago. Halogen species take part in an auto-catalytic chemical reaction cycle, which releases Br2 and BrCl from the sea salt aerosols, fresh sea ice or snowpack, leading to ozone depletion. In this study, three different chemical reaction schemes are investigated: a bromine-only reaction scheme, which then is subsequently extended to include nitrogen-containing compounds and c

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24

Cao, L., H. Sihler, U. Platt, and E. Gutheil. "Numerical analysis of the chemical kinetic mechanisms of ozone depletion and halogen release in the polar troposphere." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 13, no. 9 (2013): 24171–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-24171-2013.

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Abstract. In recent years, the role of halogen species (e.g. Br, Cl) in the troposphere of polar regions is investigated after the discovery of their importance for boundary layer ozone destruction in the polar spring. Halogen species take part in an auto-catalytic chemical cycle including key self reactions. In this study, several chemical reaction schemes are investigated, and the importance of specific reactions and their rate constants is identified by a sensitivity analysis. A category of heterogeneous reactions related to HOBr activate halogen ions from sea salt aerosols, fresh sea ice o

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25

Crang, Richard F. E., Audrey E. Vassilyev, and Yevgeney A. Miroslavov. "Soybean chloroplast responses to enhanced ultraviolet irradiation." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 51 (August 1, 1993): 348–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100147582.

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Environmental concerns over the degradation of the earth’s stratospheric ozone layer have been expressed for the past decade in recognition that with ozone depletion, enhanced ultraviolet irradiation will be received at the earth's surface. Such increase in ultraviolet irradiation can be hypothetically determined by making appropriate computer calculations based on proposed cloud cover, season, latitude, elevation, and percent of stratospheric ozone depletion. We have proposed a 40% reduction in the ozone layer corresponding to a daily increase of 19.1 kJ in the limits of ultraviolet-B (UV-B)

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26

Pandav, Prashant P., S. B. Lokhande, and Shivprakash B. Barve. "Ecofriendly Refrigerants." Applied Mechanics and Materials 612 (August 2014): 181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.612.181.

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The depletion of ozone layer and green house effects are worldwide problem. Refrigerants are part and source of depletion of ozone layer. As we using these Ecofriendly refrigerants then harm to ozone reduces. These are best option for recently running refrigerants. Eco-friendly refrigerant like hydroflurocarbons and hydrocarbons are replacing chlorofluorocarbons application.CFC is the most important member of CFC refrigerants. This paper, gives alternate to refrigerants that are causes ill effect on environment. Their performance with respect to recently used refrigerant compared. By this comp

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27

Chen, Xuemeng, Lauriane L. J. Quéléver, Pak L. Fung, et al. "Observations of ozone depletion events in a Finnish boreal forest." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 1 (2018): 49–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-49-2018.

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Abstract. We investigated the concentrations and vertical profiles of ozone over a 20-year period (1996–2016) at the SMEAR II station in southern Finland. Our results showed that the typical daily median ozone concentrations were in the range of 20–50 ppb with clear diurnal and annual patterns. In general, the profile of ozone concentrations illustrated an increase as a function of heights. The main aim of our study was to address the frequency and strength of ozone depletion events at this boreal forest site. We observed more than a thousand of 10 min periods at 4.2 m, with ozone concentratio

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28

Ahmad, N. A., M. A. Yuzir, E. L. Yong, Norhayati Abdullah, and Mohd Razman Salim. "Removal of Bisphenol A (BPA) in Surface Water by Ozone Oxidation Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 735 (February 2015): 210–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.735.210.

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The removal of Bisphenol A in river water can be accomplished with the application of ozone. Ozone is widely used to disinfect drinking water due to its strong oxidizing properties. This study was conducted to investigate the removal of Bisphenol A in different areas of Skudai River. Batch experiments were conducted at initial Bisphenol A concentration of 0.5 mg L-1. The concentrations of Bisphenol A and dissolved ozone were measured using Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) and UV-Visible spectrophotometer respectively. Based on the results obtained the stability of ozone in

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29

Seabrook, J. A., J. A. Whiteway, L. H. Gray, R. Staebler, and A. Herber. "Airborne lidar measurements of surface ozone depletion over Arctic sea ice." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 13, no. 12 (2013): 6023–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-6023-2013.

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Abstract. A differential absorption lidar (DIAL) for measurement of atmospheric ozone concentration was operated aboard the Polar 5 research aircraft in order to study the depletion of ozone over Arctic sea ice. The lidar measurements during a flight over the sea ice north of Barrow, Alaska, on 3 April 2011 found a surface boundary layer depletion of ozone over a range of 300 km. The photochemical destruction of surface level ozone was strongest at the most northern point of the flight, and steadily decreased towards land. All the observed ozone-depleted air throughout the flight occurred with

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30

Boulet, Louis-Philippe. "The Ozone Layer and Metered Dose Inhalers." Canadian Respiratory Journal 5, no. 3 (1998): 176–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1998/137198.

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The stratospheric ozone layer plays a crucial role in protecting living organisms against ultraviolet radiation. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) contained in metered-dose inhalers (MDIs) contribute to ozone depletion and in accordance with theMontreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layerestablished 10 years ago, phase-out strageies have been developed worldwide for this category of agents. Alternatives to CFC-containing inhalers have been developed, such as powder inhalers and those using hydrofluoroalkanes (HFAs) as propellants, which have been shown to be as safe and effective as CF

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31

Simpson, W. R., R. von Glasow, K. Riedel, et al. "Halogens and their role in polar boundary-layer ozone depletion." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 7, no. 16 (2007): 4375–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4375-2007.

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Abstract. During springtime in the polar regions, unique photochemistry converts inert halide salt ions (e.g. Br−) into reactive halogen species (e.g. Br atoms and BrO) that deplete ozone in the boundary layer to near zero levels. Since their discovery in the late 1980s, research on ozone depletion events (ODEs) has made great advances; however many key processes remain poorly understood. In this article we review the history, chemistry, dependence on environmental conditions, and impacts of ODEs. This research has shown the central role of bromine photochemistry, but how salts are transported

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32

Aggarwal, Anjali, Reeta Kumari, Neeti Mehla, et al. "Depletion of the Ozone Layer and Its Consequences: A Review." American Journal of Plant Sciences 04, no. 10 (2013): 1990–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2013.410247.

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33

Roy, BilashChandra, Litan Debnath, Avisek Chaudhuri, and Sudhan Debnath. "A REVIEW ON OZONE LAYER DEPLETION, EFFECTS & IT’S SOLUTION." International Journal of Advanced Research 6, no. 4 (2018): 385–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/6871.

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34

Simpson, W. R., R. von Glasow, K. Riedel, et al. "Halogens and their role in polar boundary-layer ozone depletion." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 7, no. 2 (2007): 4285–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-7-4285-2007.

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Abstract. During springtime in the polar regions, unique photochemistry converts inert halide salts ions (e.g. Br−) into reactive halogen species (e.g. Br atoms and BrO) that deplete ozone in the boundary layer to near zero levels. Since their discovery in the late 1980s, research on ozone depletion events (ODEs) has made great advances; however many key processes remain poorly understood. In this article we review the history, chemistry, dependence on environmental conditions, and impacts of ODEs. This research has shown the central role of bromine photochemistry, but how salts are transporte

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35

Kazarian, Ralph. "Alarming Depletion of Ozone Layer Above Antarctica: Scientists Seeking Cause." Environmental Conservation 13, no. 2 (1986): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900036912.

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36

McConnell, J. C., G. S. Henderson, L. Barrie, et al. "Photochemical bromine production implicated in Arctic boundary-layer ozone depletion." Nature 355, no. 6356 (1992): 150–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/355150a0.

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37

Langematz, Ulrike, Franziska Schmidt, Markus Kunze, Gregory E. Bodeker, and Peter Braesicke. "Antarctic ozone depletion between 1960 and 1980 in observations and chemistry–climate model simulations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 24 (2016): 15619–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-15619-2016.

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Abstract. The year 1980 has often been used as a benchmark for the return of Antarctic ozone to conditions assumed to be unaffected by emissions of ozone-depleting substances (ODSs), implying that anthropogenic ozone depletion in Antarctica started around 1980. Here, the extent of anthropogenically driven Antarctic ozone depletion prior to 1980 is examined using output from transient chemistry–climate model (CCM) simulations from 1960 to 2000 with prescribed changes of ozone-depleting substance concentrations in conjunction with observations. A regression model is used to attribute CCM modelle

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38

Asira, Enim Enim. "Characterization of Chemical Processes Involved in Ozone Depletion." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 21 (November 2013): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.21.53.

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The earth’s carrying capacity to support human life has been overstretched by increasing need to meet food requirements, consumption of resources; amount of waste generation and choice of technologies. These activities release into the atmosphere, chemical constituents of varied concentrations. When these chemicals enter into the atmosphere, they are subjected to various transformations that yield products or intermediates that tend to alter atmospheric chemical balance. In recent years, the global problem of ozone depletion has underscored the danger of overstepping earth’s ability to absorb

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39

Mangold, A., J. U. Grooß, H. De Backer, O. Kirner, R. Ruhnke, and R. Müller. "A model study of the January 2006 low total ozone episode over Western Europe and comparison with ozone sonde data." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9, no. 17 (2009): 6429–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-6429-2009.

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Abstract. Total column and stratospheric ozone levels at mid-latitudes often reveal strong fluctuations on time scales of days caused by dynamic processes. In some cases the total ozone column is distinctly reduced below climatological values. Here, a very low total ozone episode around 19 January 2006 over Western Europe is investigated when the observed total ozone column over Uccle (BE), measured by a Brewer spectrophotometer, reached a daily minimum of 200 DU, the lowest recorded value at this station. In order to investigate the mechanisms leading to the ozone minimum, the present study u

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40

Mangold, A., J. U. Grooß, H. De Backer, O. Kirner, R. Ruhnke, and R. Müller. "A~model study of the January 2006 low total ozone episode over Western Europe and comparison with ozone sonde data." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 9, no. 2 (2009): 6003–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-9-6003-2009.

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Abstract. Total column and stratospheric ozone levels at mid-latitudes often reveal strong fluctuations on time scales of days caused by dynamic processes. In some cases the total ozone column is distinctly reduced below climatological values. Here, a very low total ozone episode around 19 January 2006 over Western Europe is investigated when the observed total ozone column over Uccle (BE), measured by a Brewer spectrophotometer, reached a daily minimum of 200 DU, the lowest recorded value at this station. In order to investigate the mechanisms leading to the ozone minimum, the present study u

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41

Jones, A. E., P. S. Anderson, M. Begoin, et al. "BrO, blizzards, and drivers of polar tropospheric ozone depletion events." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9, no. 14 (2009): 4639–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-4639-2009.

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Abstract. The source of bromine that drives polar boundary layer ozone depletion events (ODEs) is still open to some debate. While ODEs are generally noted to form under conditions of a shallow stable boundary layer, observations of depleted air under high wind conditions are taken as being transport-related. Here we report observations from Antarctica in which an unusually large cloud of BrO formed over the Weddell Sea. The enhanced BrO was observed over Halley station in coastal Antarctica, providing an opportunity to probe the conditions within an active "bromine explosion" event. On this o

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42

Jones, A. E., P. S. Anderson, M. Begoin, et al. "BrO, blizzards, and drivers of polar tropospheric ozone depletion events." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 9, no. 2 (2009): 8903–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-9-8903-2009.

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Abstract. The source of bromine that drives polar boundary layer ozone depletion events (ODEs) is still open to some debate. While ODEs are generally noted to form under conditions of a shallow stable boundary layer, observations of depleted air under high wind conditions are taken as being transport-related. Here we report observations from Antarctica in which an unusually large cloud of BrO formed over the Weddell Sea. The enhanced BrO was observed over Halley station in coastal Antarctica, providing an opportunity to probe the conditions within an active "bromine explosion" event. On this o

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43

Lehrer, E., G. Hönninger, and U. Platt. "A one dimensional model study of the mechanism of halogen liberation and vertical transport in the polar troposphere." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 4, no. 11/12 (2004): 2427–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-4-2427-2004.

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Abstract. Sudden depletions of tropospheric ozone during spring were reported from the Arctic and also from Antarctic coastal sites. Field studies showed that those depletion events are caused by reactive halogen species, especially bromine compounds. However the source and seasonal variation of reactive halogen species is still not completely understood. There are several indications that the halogen mobilisation from the sea ice surface of the polar oceans may be the most important source for the necessary halogens. Here we present a one dimensional model study aimed at determining the prima

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Lehrer, E., G. Hönninger, and U. Platt. "The mechanism of halogen liberation in the polar troposphere." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 4, no. 3 (2004): 3607–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-4-3607-2004.

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Abstract. Sudden depletions of tropospheric ozone during spring were reported from the Arctic and also from Antarctic coastal sites. Field studies showed that those depletion events are caused by reactive halogen species, especially bromine compounds. However the source and seasonal variation of reactive halogen species is still not completely understood. There are several indications that the halogen mobilisation from the sea ice surface of the polar oceans may be the most important source for the necessary halogens. Here we present a 1-D model study aimed at determining the primary source of

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Subedi, Thaneshwar. "Ozone: A Pollutant and a Protector Gas." Janapriya Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 5 (July 21, 2017): 124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jjis.v5i0.17845.

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The natural balance of ozone in the stratosphere is due to continuous formation of ozone from oxygen and dissociation of it into oxygen in presence UV radiation. Amount of ozone can be determined by colorimetric method. It is poisonous gas near the earth surface in biosphere and protective shield in stratosphere. Depletion of ozone layer and formation of hole in it is due to reaction of CFCS, NOx, OH, H2O with ozone in stratosphere. Direct entrance of UV -B in the biosphere causes skin cancer, cataract, blindness, suppression of immune system degradation of plastics, reduction of food, vegetab

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Anwar, Fakhra, Fahad Nazir Chaudhry, Saiqa Nazeer, Noshila Zaman, and Saba Azam. "Causes of Ozone Layer Depletion and Its Effects on Human: Review." Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 06, no. 01 (2016): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/acs.2016.61011.

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Bentham, G. "Depletion of the ozone layer: consequences for non-infectious human diseases." Parasitology 106, S1 (1993): S39—S46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000086108.

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SUMMARYStratospheric ozone depletion threatens to increase exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation which is known to be a factor in a number of diseases. There is little doubt that cumulative exposure to UV radiation is important in the aetiology of non-melanoma skin cancers. Evidence is also strong for a link with cutaneous malignant melanoma, although here it appears to be intermittent intense exposure that is most damaging. More controversial is the view that exposure to solar radiation is a significant factor in ocular damage, particularly in the formation of cataracts. Earlier studies poin

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Henriksen, Thormod, Arne Dahlback, Søren H. H. Larsen, and Johan Moan. "ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION and SKIN CANCER. EFFECT OF AN OZONE LAYER DEPLETION." Photochemistry and Photobiology 51, no. 5 (1990): 579–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1990.tb01968.x.

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DAHLBACK, ARNE, THORMOD HENRIKSEN, SøREN H. H. LARSEN, and KNUT STAMNES. "BIOLOGICAL UV-DOSES AND THE EFFECT OF AN OZONE LAYER DEPLETION." Photochemistry and Photobiology 49, no. 5 (1989): 621–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1989.tb08433.x.

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Charman, W. "Ocular hazards arising from depletion of the natural atmospheric ozone layer." Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 10, no. 1 (1990): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0275-5408(90)90184-z.

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