Academic literature on the topic 'P.A.N. (Madrid, Spain)'
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Journal articles on the topic "P.A.N. (Madrid, Spain)"
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González, Estela, Ricardo Molina, Andrés Iriso, Sonia Ruiz, Irene Aldea, Ana Tello, Daniel Fernández, and Maribel Jiménez. "Opportunistic feeding behaviour and Leishmania infantum detection in Phlebotomus perniciosus females collected in the human leishmaniasis focus of Madrid, Spain (2012–2018)." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 3 (March 15, 2021): e0009240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009240.
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Background An outbreak of human leishmaniasis due to Leishmania infantum has been registered in an urban area of southwestern Madrid, Spain, since 2010. Entomological surveys carried out in the municipalities of Fuenlabrada, Leganés, Getafe and Humanes de Madrid showed that Phlebotomus perniciosus is the only potential vector. In this work, an intensive molecular surveillance was performed in P. perniciosus females captured in the region between 2012 and 2018. Methodology/Principal findings A total of 1805 P. perniciosus females were analyzed for Leishmania infection, and 1189 of them also for bloodmeal identification. Eleven different species of vertebrate were detected by amplification and subsequent sequencing of the 359 bp cytb fragment. The most prevalent blood source identified was hare (n = 553, 46.51%), followed by rabbit (n = 262, 21.95%). Less frequent were cat (n = 45, 3.80%), human (n = 34, 2.90%), pig (n = 14, 1.20%), horse (n = 11, 0.93%), sheep (n = 3, 0.25%), rhea (n = 3, 0.25%), partridge (n = 1, 0.09%) and chicken (n = 1, 0.09%). The distribution of the blood meal sources varied between the different locations. Regarding L. infantum detection, PCR amplification of a fragment of kDNA, cpb gene and ITS1 region showed 162 positive specimens (8.97%). The highest infection rate was found in the municipality of Leganés (15.17%). Conclusions The results of this molecular survey in P. perniciosus, the only leishmaniasis vector in the outbreak occurred in southwestern Madrid region, showed its opportunistic blood-feeding behaviour, high infection rates and the differences between the different points. This study was an essential part of the intensive surveillance plan in the area and the results obtained have supported the implementation of control measures in the outbreak.
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Fortuna, L., N. Noyola, B. Cook, and A. Amaris. "Sleep disturbances and substance use disorders: An international study of primary care and mental health specialty care patients." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S109—S110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.101.
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IntroductionThere is no comprehensive evidence on the influence of sleep disturbances (SD) on substance use disorders (SUD) or treatment use patterns of individuals with comorbid disturbances.Objective/aimTo better understand comorbidities and treatment use patterns of individuals with SD and SUD.MethodsWe combine 2010–2012 electronic health record (EHR) data from healthcare system in Boston (n = 131,966 person-years) and Madrid, Spain (n = 43,309 person-years). Patients with sleep disturbances (SD) were identified in the EHR through ICD-9 codes and medical records and substance use disorders (SUD) identified by documented treatment for drug or alcohol abuse or dependence. Rates of SUD are compared between individuals with and without SD. Among those with both, adequacy of mental health treatment (defined as eight or more outpatient visits or four or more outpatient visits with a psychotropic prescription) and ER use is compared.ResultsAmong the individuals, 21.1% with SD also report SUD, compared to only 10.6% of individuals without SD (P < .01). Those with comorbidities were more likely than their specialty care counterparts without comorbidities to be seen in the ER (57.1% vs. 36.6%, respectively, P < .05). Limiting the sample to only those with both SD and SUD in specialty mental health care (n = 268 in Boston and n = 28 in Madrid), 49.2% of Boston patients received adequate care compared to 38.5% of Madrid patients, and 57.8% of Boston patients had any ER use in the last year vs. 50% of Madrid patients.ConclusionsSD is correlated with SUD and comorbid patients are more likely to use emergency services.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Prieto-Recio, C., C. Romeralo, D. Bezos, J. Martín-García, P. Martínez-Álvarez, L. Botella, and J. J. Diez. "First Report of Heterobasidion annosum on Pinus pinaster in Spain." Plant Disease 96, no. 5 (May 2012): 770. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-10-11-0890-pdn.
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The basidiomycete Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. (=Fomes annosus (Fr.) Cooke), one of the most important pathogens in coniferous forests in Europe, Asia, and North America, causes root and butt rot. H. annosum was first recorded on Pinus pinaster Ait. (commonly known as Maritime pine) in France and Great Britain in 1961 (4) and Portugal in 1986 (2). P. pinaster is the most widespread conifer in Spain, with more than 700,000 and 600,000 ha in pure and mixed stands, respectively. Over the last few years, P. pinaster decline was observed in several stands in the center of the Iberian Peninsula. Unusual crown transparency, small needles, foliage discoloration, and early tree death are characteristic decline symptoms associated with the high mortality rate on this species. In June of 2010, 11 trees (40 to 60 years old) with a different degree of decline were felled in two zones (42°2′41″N, 3°18′14″W, elevation 1,096 m and 41°55′40″N, 3°12′3″W, elevation 1,128 m) and cut into sections (stump height, breast height, and near the top). Wood slices were removed from each section and taken to the laboratory. Samples were placed in moist chambers with optimal conditions of humidity and temperature to enhance pathogen growth. After 20 days of incubation in darkness at 25°C, H. annosum (anamorph Spiniger meineckellum [A. Olson] Stalpers) occurred on most of these slices. Conidiophores with subglobose to pyriform conidia (5.8 × 4.2 μm) were observed with a compound microscope. The fungus was isolated to extract DNA by disruption of the mycelium followed by washes with phenol/chloroform/isoamyl alcohol solution (25:24:1). DNA was precipitated with 20% polyethylene glycol solution. PCR was carried out according to the instructions of the manufacturer of Dynazyme II DNA polymerase (Finnzymes Ltd, Espoo, Finland) with ITS primers, 1F (5′-CTTGGTCATTTAGAGGAAGTAA-3′) and 4 (5′-TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC-3′). After DNA purification, samples were sequenced (SECUGEN, Madrid, Spain) and aligned and corrected with Geneious Pro 5.3 to obtain the consensus sequences. Resulting DNA sequences of two isolates were deposited in GenBank (Nos. FR850494 and FR850495), and compared with a Blastn search at GenBank showing 100% identity and 100% coverage with H. annosum sensu stricto, former ISG-P (intersterility group of pines). For pathogenicity tests, 10 seedlings (2 year old) were inoculated with autoclaved P. pinaster wood chips colonized by H. annosum, and 10 control seedlings were inoculated with noncolonized wood chips. Inoculums were prepared by growing H. annosum on 4-mm-diameter wood chips placed on potato dextrose agar media for 3 weeks. The wood chips were put inside an oblique incision made at 6 cm above the soil line and wrapped with Parafilm. After 8 weeks in a growth chamber at 22.5°C with a 14-h photoperiod, the inoculated seedlings showed typical symptoms and 3 seedlings of 10 were dead. H. annosum was previously recorded on P. sylvestris in central Spain (1), causing needle drop, swelling at the stump height, and presence of dead trees by circular areas. This pathogen was also reported on P. nigra in northeastern Spain, associated with defoliation and mortality (3). To our knowledge, this is the first record of H. annosum on P. pinaster in Spain. References: (1) J. Benito-Martínez. An. Jardín Bot. Madrid 3:23, 1943. (2) N. Neves et al. EPPO Bull. 16:505, 1986. (3) J. Oliva et al. Bol. Sanidad Vegetal. Plagas. 34:415, 2008. (4) P. Spaulding. US Dep. Agric. Agric. Handb. 197:100, 1961.
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Salazar García, Aída, Elicet Cruz Jiménez, Joaquim Lloveras Macia, and Guillermo Manuel Urriolagoitia Calderón. "Proceder de la innovación en la industria farmacéutica. El caso de España Proceed to the innovation in the pharmaceutical industry. The case of Spain." Revista Colombiana de Biotecnología 17, no. 1 (May 22, 2015): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/rev.colomb.biote.v17n1.50691.
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<p><strong>Título en ingles: Proceed to the innovation in the pharmaceutical industry. The case of Spain.</strong></p><p><strong>Resumen:</strong> El presente artículo explora sectores que identifican la innovación en empresas farmacéuticas de España. Para ello se consideran firmas nacionales y filiales extranjeras establecidas en territorio nacional. El análisis realizado comprende el periodo de 2009 al 2011 para una población N=200 empresas afiliadas en ese momento a Farmaindustria y al Plan Profarma. El trabajo consistió en una búsqueda de información útil en las páginas web de las empresas farmacéuticas establecidas en España que pudieran describir de forma estática el perfil innovador del sector farmacéutico español a través del análisis estadístico descriptivo. De esta forma, se crea un cimiento para la documentación de los resultados en una base de datos con el propósito de obtener un panorama con determinación sobre el comportamiento del sector farmacéutico español, así como posibles tendencias.</p><p>El alto contenido de aportación literaria sobre el sector farmacéutico, se expresa de forma globalizada a nivel nacional e internacional, desestimando datos e información que pudieran ofrecer señales de amenaza u oportunidad respecto al corto periodo de tiempo, ya que a su vez son equiparables a otros años puesto que la industria farmacéutica española se constituye por empresas de origen extranjero (50.5%) y de capital nacional (49.5%). De éstas últimas las pymes son las protagonistas de las pequeñas innovaciones de las firmas establecidas en Madrid y Barcelona principalmente.</p><p><strong><span lang="ES">Abstract: </span></strong>This article explores sectors identified innovation in Spanish pharmaceutical companies. It also considers domestic firms and foreign subsidiaries in the country. The analysis covers the period 2009 to 2011 for a population N=200 affiliates at that time Farmaindustria and Plan Profarma. The work involved a search of useful information on the websites of pharmaceutical companies based in Spain statically describes the innovative profile of the Spanish pharmaceutical through descriptive statistical analysis. Thus a foundation for documenting the results in a database in order to get a picture with determination on the behavior of Spanish pharmaceutical sector and possible trends is created.</p><p>The high content of literary contribution on the pharmaceutical sector is expressed in a globalized national and international level, rejecting data and information that could provide signals threat or opportunity regarding short period time, and which in turn are comparable to other years since the Spanish pharmaceutical industry is constituted by companies of foreign origin (50.5%) and domestic capital (49.5%). Of the latter SMEs are the protagonists of small innovations established in Madrid and Barcelona mainly.</p><div><strong><br /></strong></div>
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Marrodán, MD, JR Martínez Álvarez, M. González-Montero de Espinosa, MM Carmenate, N. López-Ejeda, MD Cabañas, JL Pacheco, et al. "Predicting percentage body fat through waist-to-height ratio (WtHR) in Spanish schoolchildren." Public Health Nutrition 17, no. 4 (March 28, 2013): 870–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980013000888.
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AbstractObjectiveTo analyse the association between waist-to-height ratio (WtHR) and body fat and to develop predictive adiposity equations that will simplify the diagnosis of obesity in the paediatric age group.DesignCross-sectional study conducted in Spain during 2007 and 2008. Anthropometric dimensions were taken according to the International Biology Program. The children were classified as underweight, normal weight, overweight or obese according to national standards of percentage body fat (%BF). WtHR differences among nutritional status categories were evaluated using ANOVA. Correlation analysis and regression analysis were carried out using WtHR as a predictor variable for %BF. A t test was applied to the results obtained by the regression model and by the Siri equation. The degree of agreement between both methods was evaluated by estimating the intra-class correlation coefficient.SettingElementary and secondary schools in Madrid (Spain).SubjectsGirls (n 1158) and boys (n 1161) from 6 to 14 years old.ResultsWtHR differed significantly (P < 0·001) depending on nutritional status category. This index was correlated (P < 0·001) with all adiposity indicators. The mean %BF values estimated by the regression model (boys: %BF = 106·50 × WtHR – 28·36; girls: %BF = 89·73 × WtHR – 15·40) did not differ from those obtained by the Siri equation. The intra-class correlation coefficient (0·85 in boys, 0·79 in girls) showed a high degree of concordance between both methods.ConclusionsWtHR proved to be an effective method for predicting relative adiposity in 6–14-year-olds. The developed equations can help to simplify the diagnosis of obesity in schoolchildren.
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Carrasco, Raphaël. "Carlos M. N. Eire, From Madrid to Purgatory. The Art & Craft of Dying in Sixteenth-Century Spain, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1995, XIII- 571 p., index." Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 52, no. 3 (June 1997): 518–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0395264900051088.
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García-Hedrera, Fernando J., Fernanda Gil-Almagro, F. Javier Carmona-Monge, Cecilia Peñacoba-Puente, Patricia Catalá-Mesón, and Lilian Velasco-Furlong. "Intensive care unit professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: social and work-related variables, COVID-19 symptoms, worries, and generalized anxiety levels." Acute and Critical Care 36, no. 3 (August 31, 2021): 232–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4266/acc.2021.00213.
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Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 outbreak has been identified as a pandemic and global health emergency. It presents as a severe acute respiratory disease. The rapid dissemination of the disease created challenges for healthcare systems and forced healthcare workers (HCWs) to deal with many clinical and nonclinical stresses. The aim of our research is to describe work conditions, symptoms experienced by HCWs, worries about contagion, and generalized anxiety symptoms and compare those findings across regions in Spain. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted using an online survey. Critical care units throughout Spain were included. The sample comprised HCWs working in intensive care units from March to May 2020. We assessed work variables, physical symptoms, worries about contagion, and anxiety (generalized anxiety disorder-7 questionnaire). Results: The final sample comprised 448 surveys. Among the respondents, 86.9% (n=389) were nursing professionals, and 84.8% (n=380) were women. All participants cared for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients during the study period. Workload during the pandemic in Madrid was judged to be higher than in other regions (P<0.01). The availability of personal protective equipment was found to be higher in Cataluña. The most frequently experienced symptom was headaches (78.1%). Worries about self-infection and the possibility of infecting others received mean scores of 3.11 and 3.75, respectively. Mean scores for generalized anxiety levels were 11.02, with 58.7% of the professionals presenting with generalized anxiety syndrome during the assessment. Conclusions: In this study, we found high levels of anxiety among HCWs caring directly for COVID-19 patients, which could produce long-term psychological alterations that still need to be assessed.
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Marcos-Zambrano, Laura Judith, María Ángeles Bordallo-Cardona, Elisa Borghi, Monica Falleni, Delfina Tosi, Patricia Muñoz, Pilar Escribano, and Jesús Guinea. "Candida isolates causing candidemia show different degrees of virulence in Galleria mellonella." Medical Mycology 58, no. 1 (March 15, 2019): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myz027.
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Abstract We aim to assess intra- and interspecies differences in the virulence of Candida spp. strains causing candidemia using the invertebrate Galleria mellonella model. We studied 739 Candida spp. isolates (C. albicans [n = 373], C. parapsilosis [n = 203], C. glabrata [n = 92], C. tropicalis [n = 53], and C. krusei [n = 18]) collected from patients with candidemia admitted to Gregorio Marañon Hospital (Madrid, Spain). Species-specific infecting inocula (yeast cells/larva) were adjusted (5 × 105 [C. albicans, and C. tropicalis], 2 × 106–5 × 106 [C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata, and C. krusei]) and used to infect 10 larvae per isolate; percentage of survival and median survival per isolate were calculated. According to the interquartile range of the median survival, isolates with a median survival under P25 were classified as of high-virulence and isolates with a median survival over P75 as of low virulence. The median survival of larvae infected with different species was variable: C. albicans (n = 2 days, IQR <1−3 days), C. tropicalis (n = 2 days, IQR 1.5−4 days), C. parapsilosis (n = 2 days, IQR 2−3.5 days), C. glabrata (n = 3 days, IQR 2−3 days), and C. krusei (n = 7 days, 6.5−>8 days) (P < .001). Differences in virulence among species were validated by histological examination (day +1 post-infection) in the larvae infected by the isolates of each virulence category and species. Virulence-related gene expression in C. albicans isolates did not reach statistical significance. We report species-specific virulence patterns of Candida spp. and show that isolates within a given species have different degrees of virulence in the animal model.
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Herrera Duran, L., I. Falgas, B. Cook, N. Noyola, M. Toro, and M. Alegria. "Chronic non-malignant pain (CNMP) and substance use disorders." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.494.
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IntroductionChronic non-malignant pain (CNMP) is defined as pain lasting a minimum of three months. In general, chronic pain affects 20% adult worldwide population. Moreover, pain is more common in patients with depression, anxiety, and substance-use disorders and with low socioeconomic status. We aimed to better understand the influence of pain on substance use and treatment use patterns of individuals who experienced clinically recognized pain and have substance use disorder.MethodsPatients with pain disturbances were identified in Electronic Health Records (EHR) through ICD-9 code 338*, medical written diagnoses, or diagnoses of fibromyalgia. A patient was considered to have a substance use disorder if he received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol abuse or dependence. We combined 2010–2012 (EHR) data from primary care and specialty mental health setting in a Boston healthcare system (n = 131,966 person-years) and a specialty mental health care setting in Madrid, Spain (n = 43,309 person-years).ResultsWe identified that 35.3% of individuals with clinically recognized pain also report substance use disorder, compared to only 10.6% of individuals without clinically recognized pain (P < 0.01). Those with co-morbid pain and substance use disorder were significantly more likely than their specialty care counterparts without co-morbid pain and substance disorders to be seen in the emergency room (56.5% vs. 36.6%, respectively, P < 0.01).ConclusionThe findings suggest that CNMP is associated with an increase risk of substance abuse disorder.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Garde, J. J., M. Gomendio, G. Espeso, and E. R. S. Roldan. "220 LIVE BIRTH OF A MOHOR GAZELLE (GAZELLA DAMA MHORR) CALF FOLLOWING INTRAUTERINE INSEMINATION OF MOTHER WITH FROZEN - THAWED SEMEN." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 18, no. 2 (2006): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv18n2ab220.
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Gazella dama mhorr is an endangered species, and no animals have been observed in the wild since 1968. Assisted reproductive techniques have been used to propagate endangered species. However, no live offspring has been produced after cryopreservation of semen from gazelle species. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate whether cryopreserved Mohor gazelle spermatozoa can fertilize in vivo after artificial insemination. Semen was collected by electroejaculation from four males and centrifuged at 700g for 5 min at room temperature. The supernatant was discarded, and the semen pellet was resuspended with a TEST-1% egg yolk diluent containing 6% glycerol to provide 400 � 106 spermatozoa/mL. The extended semen was loaded into 0.25-mL plastic straws, cooled slowly to 5�C, and equilibrated at 5�C for 2 h. Straws were frozen in nitrogen vapors for 10 min and then plunged into liquid nitrogen. After thawing (37�C, 30 s), the effects of cryopreservation on sperm motility and acrosomal integrity were examined. Percentage of motile sperm in fresh samples was 88.7 � 3.8% (mean � SEM), decreased (P < 0.0001) to 58.7 � 3.8% after freezing and thawing, and then to 40.0 � 3.8% after 120 min incubation at 37�C. Spermatozoa with normal acrosomes decreased (P < 0.0001) after freezing and thawing (from 94.5 � 4.2% to 56.0 � 4.2%), but did not significantly decrease after sperm incubation. Frozen spermatozoa from two males were used in an intrauterine insemination trial. Estrus of females (n = 15) was synchronized with controlled internal drug release (CIDR, InterAg, Hamilton, New Zealand). Single CIDRs (type G, 330 mg progesterone/device) were inserted intravaginally for a total of 13 days. On Day 10, devices were replaced in each animal and all females received an injection of prostaglandin F2� (PGF2�; 125 mg/female). At CIDR withdrawal, females received 250-300 IU equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG: Folligon; Intervet, Salamanca, Spain). After anesthesia with an intravenous injection of xylazine hydrochloride (Rompun; Bayer, Madrid, Spain; 0.8 mg/kg live weight) and ketamine hydrochloride (Imalgene; Leti & Merieux, Madrid, Spain; 2.0 mg/kg live weight), eight females were inseminated with 100 � 106 frozen-thawed spermatozoa 56-57 h after removal of the CIDRs, and seven were inseminated after 64-65 h. Females were inseminated directly into the uterus using laparoscopy. Anesthesia was reversed with yohimbine hydrochloride (0.3 mg/kg live weight). One female in the second group became pregnant. After a 202-day gestation, the female gave birth to one healthy Mohor gazelle male calf. These results demonstrate for the first time the successful use of frozen-thawed semen by means of artificial insemination for the rescue of endangered gazelle species. However, our results reveal that a number of unresolved technical problems remain to be addressed. This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (REN2003-1587).
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "P.A.N. (Madrid, Spain)"
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Sundt, Catherine Elizabeth. "Constructing Madrileños: The Reciprocal Development of Madrid and its Residents (1833-1868)." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1343334471.
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Southern, India Jordan Margurite. "Climate change effects on N and P cycling and greenhouse gas fluxes in cork oak forests of southern Spain." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/88105.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Ecologia apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaThe Mediterranean basin is a culturally and biodiversity rich region that is expected to suffer some of the worst effects of predicted climate change with higher temperatures, significant decreases in precipitation, and more extreme climatic events. Los Alcornocales natural park in southern Spain is one of the largest protected cork oak forests in the region, with great ecological, cultural, and economic value. Its longstanding forests provide many ecosystem services but are threatened by several interacting stressors such as human disturbances, climatic changes, pathogens, and pests. Thus, we aimed to study how key ecosystem processes such as soil nitrogen and phosphorus cycling and greenhouse gas fluxes, would be impacted by forecasted climatic changes. Treatments were established that increased temperature by 2-3C, reduced rainfall by ~30%, and a combination treatment of both. We found that all soil nutrients were significantly impacted by reductions in rainfall, with altered seasonal patterns of production. Greenhouse gases fluxes were also impacted on a seasonal basis, with nitrous oxide emissions significantly increased overall by temperature treatments, carbon dioxide exhibiting variable responses, and methane fixation rates reduced under climate change conditions. We conclude that, according to our manipulative field experiment, soil nutrient cycling and greenhouse gas fluxes in these forests are likely to be significantly altered by forecasted changes in climate, with important implications for the overall ecosystem functionality.
A bacia do Mediterrâneo é uma região rica em cultura e biodiversidade que deverá sofrer alguns dos piores efeitos da mudança climática prevista com temperaturas mais altas, decréscimos significativos na precipitação e eventos climáticos mais extremos. O parque natural Los Alcornocales, no sul da Espanha, é uma das maiores florestas de sobreiro protegidas da região, com grande valor ecológico, cultural e econômico. Suas florestas de longa data fornecem muitos serviços ecossistêmicos, mas são ameaçadas por vários fatores de estresse interativos, como distúrbios humanos, mudanças climáticas, patógenos e pragas. Assim, procuramos estudar como os principais processos ecossistêmicos, tais como o ciclo do nitrogênio e do fósforo do solo e os fluxos de gases de efeito estufa, seriam afetados pelas mudanças climáticas previstas. Foram estabelecidos tratamentos que aumentaram a temperatura em 2-3C, reduziram a precipitação em ~ 30% e um tratamento combinado de ambos. Descobrimos que todos os nutrientes do solo foram significativamente impactados por reduções na precipitação, com padrões sazonais de produção alterados. Os fluxos de gases do efeito estufa também foram afetados sazonalmente, com as emissões de óxido nitroso aumentadas significativamente pelos tratamentos de temperatura, o dióxido de carbono exibindo respostas variáveis e as taxas de fixação do metano reduzidas sob condições de mudanças climáticas. Concluímos que, de acordo com nosso experimento de campo manipulador, a ciclagem de nutrientes no solo e os fluxos de gases de efeito estufa nessas florestas provavelmente serão significativamente alterados pelas mudanças previstas no clima, com importantes implicações para a funcionalidade geral do ecossistema.
Outro - Erasmus Mundus Master Course - International Master in Applied Ecology” (EMMC-IMAE) (FPA 532524-1-FR-2012-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC)
Books on the topic "P.A.N. (Madrid, Spain)"
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Monien, B., and Albert Leach. Automata, Languages and Programming: Icalp '91-18th International Colloquium Madrid, Spain, July 8-12, 1991 Proceedings (I C a L P//Automata, Languages, and Programming). Springer, 1991.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "P.A.N. (Madrid, Spain)"
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Calvo, F. E., A. Santos, M. A. Lozano, M. A. L�pez-Bote, R. Jimenez, M. Galvez, J. Navia, and J. L. Garc�a Sabrido. "Early IORT Experience in a Public University Hospital in Spain: Hospital General Universitario Gregorio MaraN�n (Madrid)." In Frontiers of Radiation Therapy and Oncology, 76–79. Basel: KARGER, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000061149.
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Lambert, Tristan H. "Asymmetric C–Heteroatom Bond Formation." In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190200794.003.0036.
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Tomislav Rovis at Colorado State University developed (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 5904) an enantioselective catalytic cross-aza-benzoin reaction of aldehydes 1 and N-Boc imines 2. The useful α-amido ketone products 4 were configurationally stable under the reaction conditions. In the realm of asymmetric synthesis, few technologies have been as widely employed as the Ellman chiral sulfonamide auxiliary. Francisco Foubelo and Miguel Yus at the Universidad de Alicante in Spain have adapted (Chem. Commun. 2012, 48, 2543) this approach for the indium-mediated asymmetric allylation of ketimines 5, which furnished amines 6 with high diastereoselectivity. There has been vigorous research in recent years into the use of NAD(P)H surrogates, especially Hantzsch esters, for biomimetic asymmetric hydrogenations. Yong-Gui Zhou at the Chinese Academy of Sciences showed (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 2442) that 9,10-dihydrophenanthridine (10) can also serve as an effective “H2” donor for the asymmetric hydrogenation of imines, including 7. Notably, 10 is used catalytically, with regeneration occurring under mild conditions via Ru(II)-based hydrogenation of the phenanthridine 11. A unique approach for asymmetric catalysis has been developed (Nature Chem. 2012, 4, 473) by Takashi Ooi at Nagoya University, who found that ion-paired complexes 14 could serve as effective chiral ligands in the Pd(II)-catalyzed allylation of α-nitrocarboxylates 12. The resulting products 13 are easily reduced to furnish α-amino acid derivatives. Another novel catalytic platform has been employed (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 7321) for the chiral resolution of 1,2-diols 15 by Kian L. Tan at Boston College. Using the concept of reversible covalent binding, the catalyst 16 was found to selectively silylate a secondary hydroxyl over a primary one, thus leading to the enantioenriched products 17 and 18. Scott E. Denmark at the University of Illinois has applied (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 3236) his chiral Lewis base strategy to the enantioselective vinylogous aldol reaction of N-silyl vinylketene imines 19 to produce γ-hydroxy-α,β-unsaturated nitriles 22. For the preparation of enantioenriched homopropargylic alcohols 25, the asymmetric addition of allenyl metal nucleophiles (e.g., 24) to aldehydes 23 provides a straightforward approach.
Conference papers on the topic "P.A.N. (Madrid, Spain)"
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Selva-Royo, Juan Ramón, Nuño Mardones, and Alberto Cendoya. "Cartographying the real metropolis: A proposal for a data-based planning beyond the administrative boundaries." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5261.
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Cartographying the real metropolis: A proposal for a data-based planning beyond the administrative boundaries. Juan R. Selva-Royo¹, Nuño Mardones¹, Alberto Cendoya² ¹University of Navarra, School of Architecture, Department of Theory and Design, University of Navarra Campus, 31080 Pamplona, Spain; ²University of Navarra, ICS, Navarra Center for International Development, University of Navarra Campus, 31080, Pamplona, Spain E-mail: jrselva@unav.es, nmardones@unav.es, cendoya.alberto@gmail.com Keywords (3-5): Data planning, metropolitan areas, big data, urban extent, good governance Conference topics and scale: Cartography and big data Nowadays, there is a great gap between the functional reality of urban agglomerations and their planning, largely because of the traditional linkage of urban management to the administrative limits inherited from the past. It is also true that the regulation of urban activities, including census and statistical information, requires a closer view of its citizens that can only be addressed from the municipal level. In any case, it is clear that the metropolitan delimitation has met useful but often ethereal or exclusionary criteria (economic or labor patterns, functional areas...), which become disfigured by an administrative reality that does not always correspond to the real metropolis. This paper, aware of the new cartographic possibilities linked to the big data - CORINE Land Cover, SIOSE, multi-sector digital atlases (in many cases referred to the urban extent, etc.) and other open system platforms - explores the evidence that might base a new objective methodology for the delimitation and planning of large urban areas. Indeed, what if basic data for cities would arise not from administrative entities but from independent outside approaches such as satellite imagery? What if every single sensing unit (every citizen, company, building or vehicle) directly issued relevant and dynamic information without going through the municipal collection? Finally, the research analyzes the eventual implications of this data-based planning with administrative structures and urban planning competencies in force through some current case studies, with the purpose of achieving a more efficient and clear metropolitan governance for our planet. References (100 words) Aguado, M. (coord.) (2012) Áreas Urbanas +50. Información estadística de las Grandes Áreas Urbanas españolas 2012 (Centro de Publicaciones Secretaría General Técnica Ministerio de Fomento, Madrid). Angel, S. (dir.) (2016) Atlas of Urban Expansion (http://www.atlasofurbanexpansion.org) accessed 29 January 2017. Brenner, N. and Katsikis, N. (2017) Is the World Urban? Towards a Critique of Geospatial Ideology (Actar Publishers, New York). Florczyk, A. J., Ferri, S., Syrris, V., Kemper, T., Halkia, M., Soille, P., and Pesaresi, M. (2016). ‘A New European Settlement Map from Optical Remotely Sensed Data’, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing 9, 1978-1992.
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Fernández, David, and Luis Álvarez–cónsul. "Noncommutative bi-symplectic $\mathbb{N}Q$-algebras of weight 1." In The 10th AIMS Conference on Dynamical Systems, Differential Equations and Applications (Madrid, Spain). American Institute of Mathematical Sciences, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/proc.2015.0019.
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Wang, Min, Lingju Kong, and John Graef. "Existence of homoclinic solutions for second order difference equations with $p$-laplacian." In The 10th AIMS Conference on Dynamical Systems, Differential Equations and Applications (Madrid, Spain). American Institute of Mathematical Sciences, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/proc.2015.0533.
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Kim, Yun-Ho, and Eun Bee Choi. "Existence of nontrivial solutions for equations of $p(x)$-Laplace type without Ambrosetti and Rabinowitz condition." In The 10th AIMS Conference on Dynamical Systems, Differential Equations and Applications (Madrid, Spain). American Institute of Mathematical Sciences, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/proc.2015.0276.
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Álvarez-Caudevilla, Pablo. "Existence and multiplicity of stationary solutions for a Cahn--Hilliard-type equation in $\mathbb{R}^N$." In The 10th AIMS Conference on Dynamical Systems, Differential Equations and Applications (Madrid, Spain). American Institute of Mathematical Sciences, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/proc.2015.0010.
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Ortolano, José M., and José Romo. "Use of Parametric Design in the Project of Highly Complex Geometric Footbridges: Workflows." In Footbridge 2022 (Madrid): Creating Experience. Madrid, Spain: Asociación Española de Ingeniería Estructural, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24904/footbridge2022.182.
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<p>One of the fundamental challenges for the designer of structures is to carry out designs that are at the service of the growing social and environmental needs of society. In order to do this, the designer must make use of creativity and ideas, using all available means to materialize those ideas in a specific design. In many cases, the intricacy of the problem to solve crystallize in highly complex geometric designs. In addition to the technical complexities associated with complex geometries, one of the difficulties in dealing with this type of projects lies in the definition of a workflow that allows to efficiently coordinate the work of the different participating agents. In this sense, the use of parametric design tools provides a very efficient solution to guarantee the flow of information between the different agents involved. The implementation of tools that facilitate the exchange of information between existing models and the establishment of dependencies between them are key tasks when facing the project management of highly complex systems. The definition of a workflow based on parametric design is shown through the example of Padre Anchieta Footbridge (Tenerife, Spain). In this case, the parametric approach was included from early stages of design (design competition) and it was extended and adapted in order to complete the subsequent stages of the project (study of alternatives and detailed design).</p>
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Weber, Felix, Florian Obholzer, and Peter Huber. "Model-based TMD Design for the Footbridge "Inwilerstrasse" in Switzerland and ist Experimental Verification." In Footbridge 2022 (Madrid): Creating Experience. Madrid, Spain: Asociación Española de Ingeniería Estructural, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24904/footbridge2022.003.
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<p>The TMD system of the footbridge "Inwilerstrasse" near Zug in Switzerland was model-based designed for the first vertical bending mode, the expected human excitation, assuming the inherent damping of 0.3 % and ensuring the acceleration limit CL1 (0.50 m/s<sup>2</sup>) of HIVOSS. After the installation of the locked TMDs, first, the TMD frequency was optimized based on the identified bridge eigenfrequency by adjusting the TMD mass.</p><p>Then, the bridge with locked and activated TMDs was excited by five synchronized persons. These tests were re-computed adopting the experimentally identified eigenfrequency and damping ratio of the first bending mode and the optimized TMD mass. The re-computation demonstrates that the excitation force amplitude of one bouncing person must be set to approximately 600 N in order to obtain the measured acceleration of 0.117 m/s<sup>2</sup> of the bridge with activated TMDs. The value of 600 N seems reasonable as this corresponds to approximately 80 % of the average body weight (76 kg) of one person. The very low acceleration of 0.117 m/s<sup>2</sup> of the bridge with activated TMD demonstrates the effectiveness of TMDs.</p>
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Gonzalez, Madalen. "Urban efflorescences of the global and the local: An analysis of the territory of Gipuzkoa (Spain)." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6077.
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Urban efflorescences of the global and the local: An analysis of the territory of Gipuzkoa (Spain).Madalen González Bereziartua¹ ¹ Área de Urbanismo, Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de San Sebastián, Universidad del País Vasco-Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV-EHU). Plaza Oñati, 2. 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián. E-mail: madalen@gmail.com. Tel. Num: 943015907 Keywords (3-5): Urban centrality, global exposure, territory of Gipuzkoa, spatial patterns Conference topics and scale: Tools of analysis in urban morphology, territorial scale The present study deals with the changes generated in the last decades by the increasing globalization in order to discern its influence on the urban structure of Gipuzkoa. The incidence of globalization in the processes of urban transformation is perceived, on the one hand, in the tendency towards the concentration of economic activities and, on the other, in the stimulus received by the local level and by the specialization, as generators of urban concentration. The urban forms that have arisen in this territory as a result of the global exposure present a varied typology as a consequence of the multiple scopes and scales in which they have been developed. Far from pretending to cover them all, the present study analyses a sample of urban processes and effects that have taken place in the territory of Gipuzkoa in the last decades, such as: science and technology parks, specialized networks around local products, processes of museification of industrial and rural environments, or expansion of the tourism services network. The study of these processes will attend both to their particular urban manifestation and to their territorial incidence, through the use of diverse sources and techniques to obtain a map in which they can be studied together. The resulting map of the sum of the different indicators will reveal characteristic spatial patterns of this centrality associated to the effect exercised by the sphere of the global over the local. References (100 words) Ascher, F. (2001), Los Nuevos Principios del Urbanismo (Alianza Editorial, Madrid, 2004). Castells, M. and Hall, P. (1994), Tecnópolis del mundo: la formación de los complejos industriales del siglo XXI (Alianza Editorial, Madrid, 2001). Ramos Truchero, G. (2013), “Alimentación e identidad territorial en la producción de queso Idiazabal”, Lurralde: investigación y espacio 36, 15-30. Sassen, S. (1991), La ciudad global: Nueva York, Londres, Tokio (Eudeba, Editorial Universitaria de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, 1999). Valenzuela Rubio, M. (2003), “Turismo y Patrimonio Utilitario. El discreto encanto de las actividades decadentes”, in Valenzuela Rubio, M. (ed.) Un mundo por descubrir en el siglo XXI, (Real Sociedad Geográfica, Madrid) 401-437.
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Sanchez, Irene, and Francisco Cebrián. "The processes of urban sprawl in the environment of average cities during the period of expansive urbanism. Territorial impact in an interior area (Castilla-La Mancha, Spain)." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6018.
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Francisco Cebrián¹, Irene Sánchez¹¹Department of Geography and Land Management. University of Castilla- La Mancha. Edificio Benjamín Palencia, s/n. 2071 Albacete (Spain) E-mail: francisco.cebrian@uclm.es, irene.ondono@gmail.comKeywords (3-5): average city, urban sprawl, expansive urbanism, inner cities, Castilla-La ManchaConference topics and scale: Stages in territorial configurationThe processes of urban sprawl have increased since the end of the century. They have occurred in a context of economic prosperity, in which part of the capital surplus has been directed towards the construction industry, and especially towards the dwellings. The dynamic has been reproduced in the different scales of the urban hierarchy. Much of the new urban developments and constructions have been directed to the peripheral areas. Urban sprawl has increased in the environment of big cities, but also around medium-sized cities. This reality is manifested differently, depending on the case, but it has also left some general processes. In this essay attention has been centered on the changes in the housing in the peripheries of the Spanish medium-sized cities. The changes between 1991 and 2011 in a radius of 30 around the cities selected have been analyzed in order to identify the scope of urban sprawl, the temporary differences in the process and the most common collected ones. As an object of analysis seven inner and remote cities of Castilla- La Mancha have been used. We can observe a priori differentiating processes, and others that respond to logics associated to the influence of the polynuclear metropolitan area of Madrid.
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Ruiz-Apilánez, Borja, Eloy Solís, Vicente Romero de Ávila, Carmen Alía, Irene García-Camacha, and Raúl Martín. "Spatial distribution of economic activities in heritage cities: The case of the historic city of Toledo, Spain." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5164.
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Spatial distribution of economic activities in heritage cities: The case of the historic city of Toledo, Spain. Borja Ruiz-Apilánez¹, Eloy Solís¹, Vicente Romero de Ávila², Carmen Alía¹ ¹Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Escuela de Arquitectura. Avda. Carlos III, s/n ES-45071 Toledo ²Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha. Escuela de Ingenieros de Caminos. Avda. Camilo José Cela, s/n ES-19071 Ciudad Real E-mail: borja.ruizapilanez@uclm.es, eloy.solis@uclm.es, vicente.romeroavila@uclm.es, carmen.alia@alu.uclm.es Keywords (3-5): Urban Economics, Space Syntax, Heritage Cities, Spain Conference topics and scale: Urban form and social use of spacePrevious studies have shown: (a) that Space Syntax theories and tools can be helpful to explain pedestrian flows and the spatial distribution of economic activities in cities and other human settlements (Chiaradia et al., 2009; Perdikogianni, 2003; Vaughan et al., 2013), and (b) that the economy of many heritage cities highly depends on tourism (Ashworth and Tunbridge, 2000; Kemperman et al., 2009). Assuming that, in this particular type of human settlements, heritage buildings such as the cathedral, the town hall, and other similar constructions operate as tourist attractors, this research investigates to what extent the location of these buildings, together with the two main syntactic properties of the elements of the street network—integration and choice—can describe the spatial distribution of economic activities in touristic heritage cities, using the UNESCO Heritage site of Toledo, Spain, as case study. In order to investigate this question, each segment of the street network has been characterized with four main values: (1) economic activity, (2) spatial integration, (3) spatial choice, and (4) heritage intensity. The first value, economic activity, represents the presence or absence of economic activity in the buildings that are accessible through each corresponding street segment. The second value, spatial integration, accounts for the integration values that each segment has at two different scales—the neighborhood and the whole city. The third value, spatial choice, considers the choice values that each segment has, again, at these two scales. The fourth value, heritage intensity, reflects the proximity of listed building to each individual street segment. Street audits were used to record the economic activities taking place in the ground floors and upper floors of the buildings within the historic city. Space Syntax analysis was used to determine the different integration and choice values for each street segment; and GIS tools were used to establish their heritage intensity. Afterwards, statistical analysis was employed to investigate the relationships among these four variables, showing how the distribution of economic activity in the street network of the historic city of Toledo can be well explained by the other three variables—spatial integration, spatial choice and heritage intensity.References Ashworth, G.J., Tunbridge, J.E. (2000) The Tourist-historic City: Retrospect and Prospect of Managing the Heritage City. Routledge. Chiaradia, A., Hillier, B., Schwander, C., Wedderburn, M. (2009) ‘Spatial Centrality , Economic Vitality / Viability. Compositional and Spatial Effects in Greater London’, in Proceedings of the 7th International Space Syntax Symposium. 1–19. Kemperman, A.D.A.M., Borgers, A.W.J., Timmermans, H.J.P. (2009) ‘Tourist shopping behavior in a historic downtown area’. Tourism Manaement. 30, 208–218. Perdikogianni, I. (2003) ‘Heraklion and Chania: A study of the evolution of their spatial and functional patterns’, in 4th International Space Syntax Symposium. London, p. 19.1-19.20. Vaughan, L., Dhanani, A., Griffiths, S. (2013) ‘Beyond the suburban high street cliché - A study of adaptation to change in London’s street network: 1880-2013’. Journal of Space Syntax 4.