Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'P-Box'

The thesis deals with the visualization of biomedical data in MATLAB environment. The thesis contains following statistical methods and their descriptions: P-P plot, Q-Q plot, histogram, box plot, kernel denstity estimation, scatter plot and several time series metrics. Some functions are programmed from buil-in functions of MATLAB and others using external functions, which are changed to fit to this thesis’s purpose. First part of the thesis conserns theoretical background, whereas the second part conserns practical programmed realizations of mentioned functions. The program contains a graphical user interface - GUI, which the thesis describes in detail. The purpose of the GUI is to ensure ease of use and also data processing. The output graphs of GUI are shown in chapter 5. The last part deals with the possible extensions of the program.

Processing Instruction is a pedagogic intervention that manipulates the L2 input learners are exposed to in the classroom. Proponents of this intervention claim that it poses a minimal strain on learners’ processing resources. While there has been extensive research on the benefits of Processing Instruction in general and the role of individual differences in particular, no conclusive evidence has been found regarding the role of individual differences in Working Memory Capacity. To explore the question whether Processing Instruction is equally beneficial for learners at different points of the Working Memory Capacity spectrum, a case study on the effects of computer-delivered Processing Instruction has been conducted. German switch prepositions were the target feature and students’ instructional gains were evaluated through sentence- and discourse-level tasks in a pre- and post-test design. Additionally, students’ on-task performance was recorded during instruction. The Working Memory Capacity scores were supplemented with questionnaire data on potential mediating variables such as motivation, anxiety, personality, and aptitude. The analysis of individual learner profiles addressed yet another gap in the literature: Robinson’s (2001) work, Snow’s (1989) aptitude-treatment interaction concept, and Dörnyei & Skehan’s (2003) perspective on individual differences all demand a look at the bigger picture. Yet much of the Second Language Acquisition research to date has operationalised Working Memory according to Baddeley & Hitch’s (1974) model, using quasi-experimental research designs – which usually fail to capture the complex and dynamic nature of Working Memory. This study addressed this gap with attention to the operationalisation of Working Memory, the analysis of task demands as well as perceived difficulty, and a focus on the interplay of several learner variables. Results seem to support the importance of Working Memory for Second Language Acquisition, at least in the short run. However, they also show a clear impact of participant-treatment interactions which might not have become evident in a group-comparison study.

From the decision-based design perspective, decision making is the critical element of the design process. All practical decision making occurs under some degree of uncertainty. Subjective expected utility theory is a well-established method for decision making under uncertainty; however, it assumes that the DM can express his or her beliefs as precise probability distributions. For many reasons, both practical and theoretical, it can be beneficial to relax this assumption of precision. One possible means for avoiding this assumption is the use of imprecise probabilities. Imprecise probabilities are more expressive of uncertainty than precise probabilities, but they are also more computationally cumbersome. Probability Bounds Analysis (PBA) is a compromise between the expressivity of imprecise probabilities and the computational ease of modeling beliefs with precise probabilities. In order for PBA to be implemented in engineering design, it is necessary to develop appropriate computational methods for propagating probability boxes (p-boxes) through black box engineering models. This thesis examines the range of applicability of current methods for p-box propagation and proposes three alternative methods. These methods are applied towards the solution of three successively complex numerical examples.

The purpose of the thesis is to investigate the possible reasons of failure of startups in Israel in the EdTech field. The first chapter is dedicated to a general overview of the so-called Startup Nation from a historical point of view, focusing over the characteristics of the population and the development processes that brought the country to the expansion. After the presentation of some macroeconomic aspects, the chapter goes on with a focus over the Israeli Innovation Authority and the different initiatives that are taking place in the country in order to open its boundaries and reach an increased level of advancement in different field technology related. Chapter 2 deepens the educational technology field in all its aspects, from the birth to the following developments and why it so well developed in Israel. Finally, chapter 3 is about the research I conducted in Israel during my stay: I explain step by step all the processes I have followed to answer my research question, from the construction of the questionnaires, to the interviews, to the interpretation of the data collected and to the final explanation of my point of view.

La letteratura economica e politologica evidenzia un ampio consenso sull’esistenza di un effetto positivo sulla crescita di lungo periodo da parte di diritti di proprietà, stato di diritto e, in generale, istituzioni economiche. Contestualmente, il rapporto tra democrazia e crescita rimane teoricamente poco chiaro mentre l'evidenza empirica è in gran parte inconcludente. Questo studio cerca di riconciliare i fatti stilizzati su crescita e democrazia qui evidenziati, che dimostrano l'esistenza di un "successo sinergico" negli ultimi trent'anni, con la teoria esistente e l’evidenza empirica. Dopo aver dettagliatamente scandagliato la letteratura esistente, questo studio suggerisce che l’effetto della democrazia sulla crescita di lungo periodo sia indiretto, mediato dalle istituzioni. Per testare questa ipotesi si propone un modello di analisi originale, applicato ad un panel di 194 paesi osservati nel periodo 1961-2010, utilizzando lo stimatore System-GMM e una vasta gamma di controlli. I risultati dell’analisi suggeriscono che la democrazia è positivamente correlata a istituzioni “più favorevoli” alla crescita economica, in particolare diritti di proprietà e stato di diritto. Inoltre, l’evidenza empirica supporta la tesi di un effetto indiretto complessivamente positivo della democrazia sulla crescita. Infine, si propone uno sviluppo ulteriore dell’analisi, concentrato sulle determinanti della democrazia, ricercando possibili concause nell’interazione con i processi economici.<br>Economic and political science literature show a wide consensus about the positive effect of property rights, contract enforcing arrangements and, more generally, economic institutions to long-run growth. Conversely, the linkage between democracy and growth remains unclear and not conclusively supported by empirical research. This work is an attempt to reconcile the stylized facts about democracy and growth –evidencing a long-run “synergic success” between the two terms – with theoretical and empirical literature. After thoroughly surveying the relevant literature on the topic, this study claims that the effect of democracy on long-run growth is indirect, channeled by the means of institutions. To test this hypothesis, the thesis provides an original analytical framework which is applied to a panel of 194 countries over the period 1961-2010, adopting a System-GMM estimation technique and a wide range of robustness controls. The results suggest that democracy is positively related to “better” (namely more growth-enhancing) institutions, especially with respect to economic institutions and rule of law. Hence, the findings suggest that the overall effect on growth is positive, indirect and channeled by institutions. However, since the results are not completely conclusive, a further investigation is suggested, on further determinants of democracy, potentially affecting its pro-growth effect.

La letteratura economica e politologica evidenzia un ampio consenso sull’esistenza di un effetto positivo sulla crescita di lungo periodo da parte di diritti di proprietà, stato di diritto e, in generale, istituzioni economiche. Contestualmente, il rapporto tra democrazia e crescita rimane teoricamente poco chiaro mentre l'evidenza empirica è in gran parte inconcludente. Questo studio cerca di riconciliare i fatti stilizzati su crescita e democrazia qui evidenziati, che dimostrano l'esistenza di un "successo sinergico" negli ultimi trent'anni, con la teoria esistente e l’evidenza empirica. Dopo aver dettagliatamente scandagliato la letteratura esistente, questo studio suggerisce che l’effetto della democrazia sulla crescita di lungo periodo sia indiretto, mediato dalle istituzioni. Per testare questa ipotesi si propone un modello di analisi originale, applicato ad un panel di 194 paesi osservati nel periodo 1961-2010, utilizzando lo stimatore System-GMM e una vasta gamma di controlli. I risultati dell’analisi suggeriscono che la democrazia è positivamente correlata a istituzioni “più favorevoli” alla crescita economica, in particolare diritti di proprietà e stato di diritto. Inoltre, l’evidenza empirica supporta la tesi di un effetto indiretto complessivamente positivo della democrazia sulla crescita. Infine, si propone uno sviluppo ulteriore dell’analisi, concentrato sulle determinanti della democrazia, ricercando possibili concause nell’interazione con i processi economici.<br>Economic and political science literature show a wide consensus about the positive effect of property rights, contract enforcing arrangements and, more generally, economic institutions to long-run growth. Conversely, the linkage between democracy and growth remains unclear and not conclusively supported by empirical research. This work is an attempt to reconcile the stylized facts about democracy and growth –evidencing a long-run “synergic success” between the two terms – with theoretical and empirical literature. After thoroughly surveying the relevant literature on the topic, this study claims that the effect of democracy on long-run growth is indirect, channeled by the means of institutions. To test this hypothesis, the thesis provides an original analytical framework which is applied to a panel of 194 countries over the period 1961-2010, adopting a System-GMM estimation technique and a wide range of robustness controls. The results suggest that democracy is positively related to “better” (namely more growth-enhancing) institutions, especially with respect to economic institutions and rule of law. Hence, the findings suggest that the overall effect on growth is positive, indirect and channeled by institutions. However, since the results are not completely conclusive, a further investigation is suggested, on further determinants of democracy, potentially affecting its pro-growth effect.

Nowadays, entrepreneurship has received a large amount of attention in such studies as economics, sociology, finance, and public policy. Furthermore, The European Union and national government have implemented several policy interventions aimed to encourage new firm formation. Entrepreneurial education is now reinforced in schools, colleges, and universities. Nevertheless, entrepreneurship remains to be a black box. Making everyday decisions on firm organization and management is a complex process, which depends on how entrepreneurs perceive the environment and their own entrepreneurial abilities. These perceptions influence firm behavior that can be represented by combination of different actions. The main goal of this doctoral thesis is to examine how entrepreneurial perceptions and learning influence entrepreneur preferences for certain actions and thus, how they affect firm performance. The first essay aims to understand whether the effectiveness of the policy is altered by the behavioral assumption that entrepreneurs are overconfident about their entrepreneurial abilities and tend to be overoptimistic in the evaluation of future prospects. The essay applies the agent-based model that is a modified version of the financial fragility model of Delli Gatti et al. (2005). The simulation results suggest that the presence of misperceptions of entrepreneurial abilities influence the policy outcomes. The main purpose of the second essay is to reveal how entrepreneurial perceptions of competitive environment influence their preferences for competitive strategies. Competitive advantages of firms are defined on the basis of Porter’s (1980) model of generic strategies — differentiation and cost leadership. The results of the analysis suggest that perceived threat of competition pushes firms to take actions. The preferences for actions are explained by available resources such as human capital. The third essay aims to evaluate the impact of capital grants given to microenterprises operating in the Province of Trento, Italy in 2009 and 2010. The last essay empirically illustrates how lack of restrictions imposed on the amount of possible subsidy requests and fixed eligibility criteria has invoked subsidy-seeking behavior of firms. The results from econometric analysis suggest that subsidies have not been able to improve firm performance or to increase firm size in 2011. However, a positive effect of subsidies on the propensity to invest in training and in marketing and advertising in 2012 has been detected.

For quite some time now, the retail landscape has been evolving at a rather fast pace due to transformations brought about by technological innovations, as well as in business models, which reflect changes in consumers' purchasing and consumption behaviors. The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted many paradigms, thereby changing the way people live, buy and consume food. Some industries have undoubtedly been penalized, whereas others have proved to be protagonists of unprecedented growth, such as e-commerce, notably in the food industry. This thesis aims at exploring the development and diffusion of food subscription boxes in Italy. This trend, coupled with the boom of food e-commerce, has experienced a rapid acceleration in the last few years, partly due to the pandemic. Starting from a first introductory chapter on digital transformation and on the level of digitalization of Italian firms in the pre- and post-pandemic scenario, an overview of e-commerce in general will be presented, including the different typologies, its main features, in order to then focus on the state of the art in the Italian country. On the other hand, the third chapter delves into online food shopping by looking in detail at the various types of food e-commerce in Italy and how they have seen exponential growth during lockdown periods and beyond. In the fourth chapter, the emphasis is placed on the core topic of the thesis, namely subscription boxes, with an insight into those related to food products. The last part of the dissertation, finally, deals with an empirical survey to examine the degree of knowledge of food subscription boxes in Italy, as well as to identify the motivations that could drive the adoption of these subscription services. Specifically, this is an exploratory study centered on data collected through a questionnaire which was designed and adapted on the basis of existing literature and submitted to a sample of Italian consumers aged 18 and over.

Nowadays, entrepreneurship has received a large amount of attention in such studies as economics, sociology, finance, and public policy. Furthermore, The European Union and national government have implemented several policy interventions aimed to encourage new firm formation. Entrepreneurial education is now reinforced in schools, colleges, and universities. Nevertheless, entrepreneurship remains to be a black box. Making everyday decisions on firm organization and management is a complex process, which depends on how entrepreneurs perceive the environment and their own entrepreneurial abilities. These perceptions influence firm behavior that can be represented by combination of different actions. The main goal of this doctoral thesis is to examine how entrepreneurial perceptions and learning influence entrepreneur preferences for certain actions and thus, how they affect firm performance. The first essay aims to understand whether the effectiveness of the policy is altered by the behavioral assumption that entrepreneurs are overconfident about their entrepreneurial abilities and tend to be overoptimistic in the evaluation of future prospects. The essay applies the agent-based model that is a modified version of the financial fragility model of Delli Gatti et al. (2005). The simulation results suggest that the presence of misperceptions of entrepreneurial abilities influence the policy outcomes. The main purpose of the second essay is to reveal how entrepreneurial perceptions of competitive environment influence their preferences for competitive strategies. Competitive advantages of firms are defined on the basis of Porter’s (1980) model of generic strategies — differentiation and cost leadership. The results of the analysis suggest that perceived threat of competition pushes firms to take actions. The preferences for actions are explained by available resources such as human capital. The third essay aims to evaluate the impact of capital grants given to microenterprises operating in the Province of Trento, Italy in 2009 and 2010. The last essay empirically illustrates how lack of restrictions imposed on the amount of possible subsidy requests and fixed eligibility criteria has invoked subsidy-seeking behavior of firms. The results from econometric analysis suggest that subsidies have not been able to improve firm performance or to increase firm size in 2011. However, a positive effect of subsidies on the propensity to invest in training and in marketing and advertising in 2012 has been detected.

Submitted by MARCO ANTONIO MOYA ROSAS null (23689400813) on 2016-06-08T23:48:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Marco.pdf: 3930307 bytes, checksum: fa27a7c6ffca34b6c67e9ba1944a88be (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-06-13T14:55:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 rosas_mm_me_rcla.pdf: 3930307 bytes, checksum: fa27a7c6ffca34b6c67e9ba1944a88be (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-13T14:55:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 rosas_mm_me_rcla.pdf: 3930307 bytes, checksum: fa27a7c6ffca34b6c67e9ba1944a88be (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-28<br>Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)<br>Neste trabalho, analisaremos o problema de boa colocação do problema de valor inicial para a equação semilinear do calor. Mostraremos a existência de solução global mild, quando o dado inicial u_0 pertence ao espaço L^( n(ρ−1) /2) −fraco e tem norma suficientemente pequena.<br>In this work, we discuss the well−posedness of the initial value problem for the semilinear heat equation. We show the existence of global mild solution, when the initial data u_0 belong to weak L^(n(ρ−1)/ 2) space with a sufficiently small norm.

Orientador: Juliana Precioso Pereira<br>Banca: Lidiane dos Santos Monteiro Lima<br>Banca: Andréa Cristina Prokopczyk Arita<br>Resumo: Neste trabalho, analisaremos o problema de boa colocação do problema de valor inicial para a equação semilinear do calor. Mostraremos a existência de solução global mild, quando o dado inicial u_0 pertence ao espaço L^( n(ρ−1) /2) −fraco e tem norma suficientemente pequena<br>Abstract: In this work, we discuss the well−posedness of the initial value problem for the semilinear heat equation. We show the existence of global mild solution, when the initial data u_0 belong to weak L^(n(ρ−1)/ 2) space with a sufficiently small norm<br>Mestre

This diploma’s thesis discourses the cryptographic systems and ciphers, whose function, usage and practical implementation are analysed. In the first chapter basic cryptographic terms, symmetric and asymetric cryptographic algorithms and are mentioned. Also usage and reliability are analysed. Following chapters mention substitution, transposition, block and stream ciphers, which are elementary for most cryptographic algorithms. There are also mentioned the modes, which the ciphers work in. In the fourth chapter are described the principles of some chosen cryptographic algorithms. The objective is to make clear the essence of the algorithms’ behavior. When describing some more difficult algorithms the block scheme is added. At the end of each algorithm’s description the example of practical usage is written. The chapter no. five discusses the hardware implementation. Hardware and software implementation is compared from the practical point of view. Several design instruments are described and different hardware design programming languages with their progress, advantages and disadvantages are mentioned. Chapter six discourses the hardware implementation design of chosen ciphers. Concretely the design of stream cipher with pseudo-random sequence generator is designed in VHDL and also in Matlab. As the second design was chosen the block cipher GOST, which was designed in VHDL too. Both designs were tested and verified and then the results were summarized.

p. 1-432<br>Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2013-03-18T18:12:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 333.pdf: 4278501 bytes, checksum: cdf449a087e8d9e933ad92300345930f (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Tatiana Lima(tatianasl@ufba.br) on 2013-04-12T19:29:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 333.pdf: 4278501 bytes, checksum: cdf449a087e8d9e933ad92300345930f (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2013-04-12T19:29:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 333.pdf: 4278501 bytes, checksum: cdf449a087e8d9e933ad92300345930f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005<br>A imagem e posicionamento adequados de uma empresa são fundamentais para seu sucesso. Pesquisou-se neste trabalho, a Imagem da Unidade de Negócio de E&P da Petrobras na Bahia - UN-BA. Teve-se como objetivo identificar os seus pontos críticos, de modo a subsidiar a futura elaboração de uma estratégia de imagem que reposicione a Unidade no universo da própria Organização. Fundamentou-se essa análise na Teoria das Representações Sociais e na Teoria do Núcleo Central, assim como também no conceito de Vetores de Sentido. Assim, identificaram-se os valores que conduzem as práticas corporativas, através de uma análise de documentos institucionais e, para o estudo das representações sociais, realizaram-se entrevistas e questionários junto aos gestores. Elaborou-se, também, uma comparação da Imagem da Unidade com o seu desempenho, tendo como base os conceitos de avaliação de desempenho empresarial do Balanced Scorecard, que nortearam a construção dos instrumentos de pesquisa. A imagem da UN-BA apreendida é predominantemente negativa e, em múltiplos aspectos, não compatível com o seu desempenho. Sinalizaram-se, nesse estudo, os principais fatores responsáveis pela distorção identificada, e os pontos críticos a serem trabalhados, identificando-se, nesse momento, um contexto bastante favorável na Organização a UN-BA. Assim, a Unidade deverá buscar a construção de uma estratégia de imagem que, alinhada aos objetivos estratégicos da Petrobras e a sua estratégia produtiva, contribua para que a Unidade seja percebida na Organização como Um Bom Negócio de E&P.<br>Salvador

I denna uppsats analyseras två olika böcker. Ödehuset är skriven utifrån ett evangeliskt kristet perspektiv och är en modern roman, medan Jobs Bok tillhör den hebreiska Bibeln och är en gammal religiös urkund. Syftet med uppsatsen är att visa på och jämföra hur lidandets problem gestaltas i dessa två böcker och hur dessa gestaltningar relaterar till olika lösningsförslag på lidandets problem. Genom en narrativ analys-modell och med fokus på karaktärer i form av protagonist och antagonist finns ett moment i analysen som undersöker hur olika lösningsförslag gestaltas. För att visa hur lidandets problem gestaltas i de två böckerna har två sammanfattningar gjorts efter en modell med fem stadier med fokus på intrig. Resultatet visar att de två böckerna ger svar av olika karaktär.    Ödehuset som gestaltar lidandets problem genom en dotter som blir bortrövad och mördad, ger ett tydligt svar på lidandets problem. Det beror på människans strävan efter makt och självfixering, vilket är en direkt konsekvens av den fria viljan människan besitter. Jobs Bok som gestaltar lidandets problem genom att Gud sätter Job på prov där han förlorar sina barn och sin rikedom ger istället svaret att Guds plan är större än vad människor kan förstå. Människor får lita på att Gud har rätt och detta inte behöver ifrågasättas. Det är värt att av fri vilja leva rättfärdigt, men man gör klokast i att inte förblindas av rikedomarnas bekvämlighet.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-04-27<br>Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)<br>A evolução de rochas migmatíticas e granulíticas da porção de baixa-média pressão do Complexo Guaxupé, na região de São João da Boa Vista, foi investigada a partir de estudos petrográficos, geoquímicos, isotópicos e geotermobarométricos. Os dados de campo, em conjunto com a geoquímica, permitem reconhecer pelo menos três fases de anatexia, e agrupar os litotipos em quatro suítes geoquímicas distintas onde os paleossomas têm assinatura de crosta inferior e foram formados em um arco magmático, com colisão continental, diferenciando-se das demais, que apresentam assinatura de crosta superior. As análises isotópicas sugerem longa residência crustal com valor mínimo da razão 86Sr/87Sr de 0,707199 e valores de εNd sempre negativos (-6,17 a -16,46). Os valores de TDM variam entre 1,34 e 1,77Ga. A idade do pico metamórfico é sugerida em 639.6+3.7Ma e foi obtido pela datação de U/Pb em zircões granulíticos. Cálculos geotermobarométricos sugerem trajetória metamórfica aberta com sentido horário, e pico metamórfico em 11,5kbar e 820°C, seguido por descompressão isotérmica até 8kbar. Esses dados permitem abrir a discussão para um modelo evolutivo onde os protólitos foram formados na crosta inferior em um arco magmático muito anterior aos eventos de pico metamórfico e migmatização, que ocorreram no Neoproterozóico, quando essas rochas foram arrancadas dessas porções profundas e colocadas em ambiente de crosta superior. A evolução parece ter ocorrido com uma fase de fusão parcial, nos estágios iniciais, e pelo menos mais duas durante a ascensão e exumação dessas rochas<br>The evolution of migmatitic and granulitic rocks of the middle to high pressure portion of Guaxupé Complex are investigated by petrografic, isotopic, geochemical and geothermobarometric studies. Field data together with geochemistry indicate at least three phases of anatexis making possible to group the lithologies into four suits in which the paleossome shows a lower crust signature and evolved in a magmatic arc environment, by continental collision. The other three groups show upper crust signatures. Isotopic analysis suggest a long crustal residence with a minimum value of 0,707199 for the 86Sr/87Sr ratio and with εNd values always negative (-6,17 to -16,46). The TDM ages for the protolith are between 1,34 and 1,77 Ga. The metamorphic peak occurred at 639.6 ± 3.7 Ma, obtained by U/Pb in zircon crystals of granulites. Geothermobarometric calculations suggest an open metamorphic clockwise P-T path, with metamorphic peak in 11,5 kbar and 820 oC followed by isothermal decompression until 8 kbar. These data conduct to a model for the evolution of that region where the protolith were formed at the lower crust in a magmatic arc older than the metamorphic peak that occurred in the Neoproterozoic, when the rocks were dislocated from lower to upper portions of the crust. The evolution started with a partial melting phase in the initial stages and proceeded with at least two more phases of partial melting during the rising and exhumation of these rocks

Submitted by Claudia Rocha (claudia.rocha@udesc.br) on 2018-02-15T15:54:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PGCA15MA186.pdf: 990652 bytes, checksum: cbcaededf568083c37a57ea2fa505e9f (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-15T15:54:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGCA15MA186.pdf: 990652 bytes, checksum: cbcaededf568083c37a57ea2fa505e9f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-16<br>PROMOP<br>Embryo transfer is a biotechnology widely used in Bos taurus cows. This principle involves making an over stimulation protocol for inducing multiple ovulations. The P-36 protocol is one of the most used for this purpose as it allows artificial insemination in fixed time (TAI) facilitating the management of donor and recipient embryo. The overstimulation is made with eight pFSH decreasing doses every 12 hours, but studies show that the administration pFSH with a slow absorption decreases the number of applications, maintaining output similar embryos. So the aim of this study was to compare the superovulation of cows using the P36 protocol with reduction in the number of handlings. They were used 24 donor cows of Angus, randomly assigned to two groups: Control and MAP-5 (hyaluronic acid), in a crossover design. At random stage of the estrous cycle (D0), donors received an intravaginal device containing 1.0 g progesterone (DIV) and estradiol benzoate (2 mg, IM). In the control group, the animals were over stimulated with pFSH (IM, total dose = 200 mg) twice daily in decreasing doses of D4 to D7, while the MAP-5 group were carried out only two administrations in the D4 (75% of dose) and D6 (25% of dose). The embryo collections were made in the protocol D15. Statistical analysis was performed with SAS statistical package using the Mixed procedure with 5% significance level, and the variables considered: number of follicles on the day of ovulation induction, the number of corpora lutea at collection time, total number of collected structures, structures and number of fertilized number of viable embryos. The control group showed significantly better than the MAP-5 group and the number of follicles (10.08 ± 0.61 vs. 8.25 ± 0.61), corpora lutea (7.25 ± 0.59 vs. 3.25 ± 0.59) which resulted in a 71.90% ovulation rate for the control group and 39.39% for the MAP-5 group. As for the total number of structures (8.29 ± 0.98 vs. 3.08 ± 0.98), fertilized structures (6.50 ± 0.90 vs. 2.50 ± 0.90) and viable embryos (4 21 ± 0.72 vs. 2.00 ± 0.72) the control group also showed a significant difference when compared to MAP-5. This shows that the reduction of handlings with 200 mg of FSH proposed with MAP-5 group was not effective donor Angus breed<br>A transferência de embriões é uma biotecnologia amplamente utilizada em vacas Bos taurus. Este princípio envolve a realização de um protocolo de superestimulação para indução de ovulações múltiplas. O protocolo P-36 é um dos mais utilizados com este propósito, pois permite a inseminação artificial em tempo fixo (IATF) facilitando o manejo de doadoras e receptoras de embriões. A superestimulação é feita com oito doses decrescentes de pFSH a cada 12h, porém estudos mostram que a administração de pFSH com uma absorção lenta diminui o número de aplicações, mantendo a mesma produção de embriões. Assim o objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar a superovulação de vacas utilizando o protocolo P36 com redução no número de manejos. Foram utilizadas 24 vacas doadoras da raça Angus, distribuídas aleatoriamente em 2 grupos: Controle e MAP-5 (ácido hialurônico), em um delineamento cross over. Em dia aleatório do ciclo estral (D0), as doadoras receberam um dispositivo intravaginal contendo 1,0 g de progesterona (DIV) e benzoato de estradiol (2 mg, via IM). No grupo controle, os animais foram superestimulados com pFSH (via IM, dose total = 200 mg) duas vezes ao dia em doses decrescentes do D4 ao D7, enquanto que no grupo MAP-5 foram realizadas somente duas administrações no D4 (75% da dose) e D6 (25% da dose). As coletas de embriões foram realizadas no D15 do protocolo. A análise estatística foi realizada com o pacote estatístico SAS utilizando o procedimento Mixed com nível de significância a 5%, sendo consideradas as variáveis: número de folículos no dia da indução de ovulação, número de corpos lúteos no momento da coleta, número de estruturas totais coletadas, número de estruturas fertilizadas e número de embriões viáveis. O grupo controle demonstrou-se significativamente melhor que o grupo MAP-5 quanto ao número de folículos (10,08±0,61 vs. 8,25±0,61), corpos lúteos (7,25±0,59 vs. 3,25±0,59) o que resultou em uma taxa de ovulação de 71,90% para o grupo controle e 39,39% para o grupo MAP-5. Quanto ao número de estruturas totais (8,29±0,98 vs. 3,08±0,98), estruturas fertilizadas (6,50±0,90 vs. 2,50±0,90) e embriões viáveis (4,21±0,72 vs. 2,00±0,72) o grupo controle também demonstrou diferença significativa quando comparado ao MAP-5. O que demonstra que a redução dos manejos com a dose de 200 mg de FSH proposta como grupo MAP-5 não foi eficaz para doadoras da raça Angus

Orientador: Marcos Aurélio Farias de Oliveira<br>Banca: Colombo Celso Gaeta Tassinari<br>Banca: Norbeto Morales<br>Resumo: A evolução de rochas migmatíticas e granulíticas da porção de baixa-média pressão do Complexo Guaxupé, na região de São João da Boa Vista, foi investigada a partir de estudos petrográficos, geoquímicos, isotópicos e geotermobarométricos. Os dados de campo, em conjunto com a geoquímica, permitem reconhecer pelo menos três fases de anatexia, e agrupar os litotipos em quatro suítes geoquímicas distintas onde os paleossomas têm assinatura de crosta inferior e foram formados em um arco magmático, com colisão continental, diferenciando-se das demais, que apresentam assinatura de crosta superior. As análises isotópicas sugerem longa residência crustal com valor mínimo da razão 86Sr/87Sr de 0,707199 e valores de εNd sempre negativos (-6,17 a -16,46). Os valores de TDM variam entre 1,34 e 1,77Ga. A idade do pico metamórfico é sugerida em 639.6+3.7Ma e foi obtido pela datação de U/Pb em zircões granulíticos. Cálculos geotermobarométricos sugerem trajetória metamórfica aberta com sentido horário, e pico metamórfico em 11,5kbar e 820°C, seguido por descompressão isotérmica até 8kbar. Esses dados permitem abrir a discussão para um modelo evolutivo onde os protólitos foram formados na crosta inferior em um arco magmático muito anterior aos eventos de pico metamórfico e migmatização, que ocorreram no Neoproterozóico, quando essas rochas foram arrancadas dessas porções profundas e colocadas em ambiente de crosta superior. A evolução parece ter ocorrido com uma fase de fusão parcial, nos estágios iniciais, e pelo menos mais duas durante a ascensão e exumação dessas rochas<br>Abstract: The evolution of migmatitic and granulitic rocks of the middle to high pressure portion of Guaxupé Complex are investigated by petrografic, isotopic, geochemical and geothermobarometric studies. Field data together with geochemistry indicate at least three phases of anatexis making possible to group the lithologies into four suits in which the paleossome shows a lower crust signature and evolved in a magmatic arc environment, by continental collision. The other three groups show upper crust signatures. Isotopic analysis suggest a long crustal residence with a minimum value of 0,707199 for the 86Sr/87Sr ratio and with εNd values always negative (-6,17 to -16,46). The TDM ages for the protolith are between 1,34 and 1,77 Ga. The metamorphic peak occurred at 639.6 ± 3.7 Ma, obtained by U/Pb in zircon crystals of granulites. Geothermobarometric calculations suggest an open metamorphic clockwise P-T path, with metamorphic peak in 11,5 kbar and 820 oC followed by isothermal decompression until 8 kbar. These data conduct to a model for the evolution of that region where the protolith were formed at the lower crust in a magmatic arc older than the metamorphic peak that occurred in the Neoproterozoic, when the rocks were dislocated from lower to upper portions of the crust. The evolution started with a partial melting phase in the initial stages and proceeded with at least two more phases of partial melting during the rising and exhumation of these rocks<br>Mestre

El treball de doctorat s’adreça al desenvolupament de procediments pràctics i realístics per sintetitzar derivats de l’anió cobalta-bis(dicarballur), [3,3’-Co(C2B9H11)2]-, [2] i de l’anió dodecaborat, [B12H12]2-, [1] amb bons rendiments, a fi que els metal·lacarborans i borans puguin ésser provats en catàlisi, transport d’electrons, materials moleculars, captació d’energia solar i emmagatzematge i transport d’hidrogen, entre altres possibles aplicacions. Els mètodes per a generar derivats del [2], i del [1] seran per tant mètodes per a generar enllaços B-C, B-P i B-N. L’alternativa era generar enllaços C-C, C-P i C-N en el cas del [2], òbviament no en el [B12H12]2- pel que les substitucions només poden ésser sobre àtoms de Bor en el clúster. De metal·lacarborans substituïts en els C del clúster ja n’existeixen, encara que la majoria són fets per un procés de construcció a partir del clúster de carborà amb les derivatitzacions adequades i posterior complexació. Pel que fa al clúster [1], s’ha treballat en dues vies diferents. La per-halogenació del clúster i l’intecanvi de cations. El [B12H12]2- s’ha sintetitzat en el nostre laboratori segons un mètode ja descrit a partir del NaBH4 i el iode. La reacció permet obtenir la sal (Et3NH)2[B12H12] amb un rendiment acceptable, tot i que modificant algunes condicions de reacció s’ha millorat notablement el rendiment. La síntesi de (Et3NH)2[B12H12] ens permet tenir independència del mercat dels borans i per tant ens determina com autosuficients en aquest aspecte al llarg de la tesi. El [1] ha estat completament substituït amb iode, és a dir, s’han substituït els 12 B-H per 12 BI. Per per-iodar el clúster, com ja es habitual en el grup d’investigació del que formo part, s’ha emprat una reacció en estat sòlid. El iode i Na2[B12H12] reaccionen a alta temperatura en un forn per tal d’obtenir el producte desitjat. L’eficiència atòmica és un punt a destacar en aquest tipus de síntesi, tot i que en aquest cas el procés de purificació és de relativa dificultat i disminueix significativament el rendiment. El [1] és un dianió, així doncs sempre va combinat amb cations. Aquests cations poden variar molt les propietats físiques i sobretot de solubilitat de l’anió i per tant són determinants a l’hora de establir les bases de la reactivitat del clúster. És interessant doncs, tenir la sal amb diferents cations i estudiar la influència dels cations en la solubilitat del [1]. Aquest procés s’ha dut a terme seguint dues vies: la neutralització de la sal de trietilamoni (metalls alcalins) i l’intercanvi de cations utilitzant resines de bescanvi iònic (metalls alcalinoterris i NH4 +). Algunes de les salts produïdes han estat utilitzades en una recerca sobre el transport i emmagatzematge de l’ hidrogen com a fuel, consorciada amb el departament de física de la UAB. Pel que fa al [2] s’ha treballat en la substitució sobre els àtoms de bor, sobretot sobre els bors 8 i 8’ que són els més susceptibles a reaccionar per mecanismes de tipus EINS, Electrophilically Induced Nucleophilic Substitution. S’ha arribat a substituir els B-H per B-Br, BC, B-P i B-N. Pel que fa a l’halogenació del clúster, el treball es centra en l’estudi de les condicions de síntesi i la caracterització dels derivats bromats de l’anió [2], i de productes d’halogenació mixta d’aquest metal·lacarborà. Per bromar el [2] s’empraren tres metodologies sintètiques diferents: estat sòlid, dissolució i activació per microones. En les reaccions en estat sòlid s’obtenen productes amb un grau de bromació fins al moment mai observat, introduint fins a 10 àtoms de brom. En solució, un exhaustiu estudi dels factors que afecten al grau de bromació indica que l’acidesa del dissolvent és el de major pes; que la temperatura té un paper secundari i que l’excés d’agent bromant és poc significatiu. Pel que fa a l’activació per microones cal dir que és el primer cop que s’utilitza en la síntesi de derivats de metal·lacarborans. Els resultats mostren que la reacció transcorre mitjançant un mecanisme radicalari; la fracció molar de productes varia amb el temps de forma oscil·lant de la mateixa forma que ho fan les reaccions chemical clock, la presència d’un captador de radicals atura la reacció en el compost disubstituït (aquest ja s’obté fàcilment a temperatura ambient per efectes tèrmics). Els productes d’halogenació mixta, que no s’havien descrit mai sobre el [2], s’han obtingut al bromar en dissolució o per activació per microones el derivat ja iodat, Cs[8-I-3,3’-Co(C2B9H11) (C2B9H10)], [3]. En dissolució, a alta temperatura, es pot arribar a trencar l’enllaç B-I i substituirlo per un B-Br (fet que no ens interessa per obtenir productes d’halogenació mixta), per aquest motiu es treballa a 0 ºC i s’obté el producte que conté un àtom de iode i tres de brom. Amb activació per microones, s’obté en 5 minuts el derivat [8,8’-I,Br-3,3’-Co(C2B9H11)2]- de forma pura. L’acoblament B-C s’ha aconseguit utilitzant tres metodologies diferents: reacció d’acoblament en presencia de complexos de pal·ladi, Li+ com a mediador de l’acoblament i reacció catalitzada per l’àcid de Lewis AlCl3. L’acoblament B-C en presència de pal·ladi s’ha fet utilitzat les mateixes condicions que en la reacció de Heck de la química orgànica. Tot i que aquesta reacció es pròpiament utilitzada per formar acoblaments C-C, s’ha utilitzat amb èxit per aconseguir l’enllaç B-C al [2]. Les condicions impliquen l’ús d’un 5-10% molar d’un catalitzador de pal·ladi, PdCl2(PPh3)2, un co-catalitzador, CuI, una base, lutidina, el dissolvent apropiat, en el nostre cas DMF, i un alquè com a reactiu. Seguint doncs el procediment habitual en la química orgànica es parteix d’un derivat iodat, en aquest cas del derivat [3], i se l’acobla a un alquè. El derivat [3] s’obté de forma fàcil i amb rendiment quantitatiu al fer reaccionar el [2] amb dos equivalents de iode en etanol. El Cs[3] reacciona de forma anàloga a la química orgànica per donar els derivats esperats. Tot i això, quan es fa la reacció amb estirens substituïts amb halògens o alquils s’observa una doble substitució a partir d’un únic B-I. Així doncs hi ha dos tipus de substitució diferent, en una hi participa un B-I i en l’altre un B-H. Aquest fet és nou i es refereix al cas on un B-H es activat directament per l’apropament del Pd al clúster. A fi d’estudiar-ne les causes s’han emprat càlculs teòrics per entendre millor el mecanisme de reacció. La formació de l’enllaç B-C també s’ha aconseguit sense necessitat de l’ús d’un metall de transició. En aquest cas, el Li+ facilita l’acoblament B-C a partir d’un B-I i un organolitiat, sense cap tipus de catalitzador de metall de transició. La reacció és ràpida i senzilla, tot i que el mecanisme de la reacció no és gens trivial. La reacció consisteix en afegir 3.5 eq. d’un organolitiat sobre el Cs[3] en THF a 0ºC i deixar la reacció durant 2,5h. En aquest moment l’enllaç B-C s’ha donat i tenim un nou compost. Per tal d’entendre el mecanisme de reacció s’han fet diferents experiments de RMN. A l’ afegir el litiat es duu a terme un espectre de 1HNMR i un de 2H-NMR del producte intermedi els quals indiquen que no hi ha desprotonació, fet que sí que succeeix al treballar amb [2]. Així doncs el liti no interacciona amb els Cc-H del clúster com en el [2] sinó que actua d’una altra forma. Per saber com interacciona aquest Li+ amb el metal·lacarborà s’ha treballat amb 7Li-RMN. A partir de l’espectre s’ha pogut determinar que l’ ió liti intervé en la reacció formant un intermedi que no té res a veure amb el organolitiat de partida ja que el valor de  i forma de l’espectre de 7Li-NMR de l’intermedi no tenen res a veure amb els organolitiats de partida. S’observen dues bandes amples (en lloc d’una d’estreta com al n-BuLi, per exemple) a camp positiu (els organolitiats i el litiat del [2] ho fan a camp negatiu) que indiquen l’acoblament amb un àtom amb espín superior a ½, així doncs el Li+ s’acobla amb el Iode i el B, i facilita l’enllaç B-C. La tercera reacció per aconseguir l’enllaç B-C es fa partint directament del [2]. Ja es conegut que aquest reacciona amb nucleòfils en presència d’un electròfil. En aquest cas el AlCl3 és utilitzat com a àcid de Lewis i com a nucleòfil un producte aromàtic; per aquest fet ens pot recordar la reacció de Friedel-Crafts on els B-H actuarien de forma similar als C-X de l’halur d’alquil o de l’halur d’acil de la reacció. Però altre cop cal remarcar que no generem un nou enllaç C-C sinó un B-C, així doncs no la podem nomenar pròpiament reacció de Friedel-Crafts. En aquesta reacció és molt important que el AlCl3 sigui anhidre i que es treballi en condicions completament anhidres, la presència de qualsevol traça d’aigua indueix la formació d’enllaços B-Cl que en aquest cas disminueixen el rendiment i obliguen a un tractament de purificació per cromatografia. El resultat d’aquesta reacció es una doble substitució del [2] amb un únic anell aromàtic, és a dir, els dos reactius es veuen doblament substituïts. Si es deixa que la reacció evolucioni es forma un nou anell derivat de l’extrusió d’un carboni de l’anell aromàtic doblement substituït, obtenint-ne un producte que ha perdut la aromaticitat inicial. Es possible que aquest inesperat producte no pugui ser aplicat amb finalitats de captació de llum o de transport electrònic de càrregues. Tot i això, el derivat amb extrusió d’un carboni es d’interès per tal d’estudiar el mecanisme d’aquesta extrusió i saber el perquè es dona. La formació de l’enllaç B-P amb un fòsfor amb possibilitat de coordinació en el [2] era un tema de molt interès i no solucionat en la química dels metal·lacarborans. En el moment de començar aquesta investigació hi havia diferents salts quaternàries amb enllaç B-P però cap d’elles podia ser utilitzada com a lligand per la manca d’un parell d’electrons lliure sobre el fòsfor. Per arribar al producte desitjat es van buscar diferents mètodes de síntesi: acoblaments B-P amb metalls com a catalitzadors, activació amb iniciadors de radicals, activació per microones i reaccions en tub segellat sota buit. Els dos primers mètodes no van oferir-nos el producte desitjat, tot i que en alguns casos s’obté l’enllaç B-P però amb un fòsfor quaternari. En el forn microones, s’observa una petita proporció dels productes desitjats partint de ClPPh2 i [2] a 180ºC en absència de dissolvent, tot i que el producte obtingut és la fosfina oxidada. La reacció que ens va dur al producte desitjat es va fer en tub segellat i al buit, evitant per tant la presencia d’oxigen. Al forn a 180ºC s’obté el producte [8-PHPh2-3,3’-Co(C2B9H11) (C2B9H10)], [30], que caldrà processar per tal d’obtenir-lo pur. A l’estudiar el mecanisme de reacció s’observa que la driving force de la reacció es la precipitació de CsCl. La reacció no succeeix si partim de la sal de NMe4[X ja que el NMe4Cl és soluble en ClPPh2. Com a producte de reacció obtenim una fosfina amb quatre substituents, un d’ells un protó que amb NaH es desprotona originant per tant un parell d’electrons lliure sobre el fòsfor. Així doncs tenim una fosfina protegida enfront l’oxidació al aire gràcies al protó i que al desprotonar-se pot ser utilitzada com a lligand per la formació de complexos. El mateix es va fer amb la ClPiPr2 i la ClPcyclohexyl2 amb resultats similars, tot i que els rendiments són inferiors perquè les alquil fosfines son més fàcils d’oxidar, a més en el processat hi ha una separació cromatogràfica que es fa en presència d’aire, i per tant oxigen. La fosfina [30] s’ha fet reaccionar amb complexos d’or i rodi. Amb aquest darrer metall s’ha sintetitzat el complex de rodi que per la seva estructura pot ser utilitzat en hidroformilació catalítica. Per veure les possibilitats d’aplicació en catàlisi, s’ha establert una col·laboració amb el Departament de Química-Física i Inorgànica de la URV i es veu que pot ser utilitzada amb bons resultats en hidroformilació catalítica assimètrica. L’enllaç B-N és conseqüència directe de l’obtenció de l’enllaç B-P i de l’estudi del seu mecanisme de formació. Aquest producte poden ser aplicats a posteriori en diferents sistemes amb diferents tipus d’aplicacions. Aquests productes i les seves aplicacions estan pendents de patentar i per tant no poden ser exposats en aquest treball

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T14:33:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 435771.pdf: 240575 bytes, checksum: 8b4fc1e93c63cb33ab5a659e73e10ce6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-25<br>This study aims to demonstrate the importance of protection on fundamental rights and duties in the control to be exercised by Public Accounts, with emphasis on the fundamental rights to health and education, highlighting the fundamental principle of human dignity, the principle of sustainability (multidimensional features) and principles of public administration. It addresses the fundamental right/duty to good and public administration (as a possibility to reinforcement the legality of other fundamental rights) and some derivations: fundamental right/duty to good and public cyber@dministration (correlated to the principles of publicity and transparency and the necessary harmony of external control with social control). And this study demonstrates the different legal regime provided by the Brazilian constituent about fundamental rights to health and education and their special tutelage the possibility of allocating specific funds and providing by federal and state intervention when there is no application of the minimum constitutionally established (Article 212 from CRFB and Article 77 from ADCT) added of considerations about the necessary reserve on possible reserves. It presents a diagnostic application of secured funds in health and education by the state and cities in the south of Brazil and the necessary considerations for optimization of these investments. We propose new paradigms for the implementation of external control in the realization of fundamental rights/duties.<br>O presente trabalho tem por objetivo demonstrar a import?ncia da tutela dos direitos e deveres fundamentais no controle a ser exercido pelos Tribunais de Contas, com ?nfase nos direitos fundamentais ? sa?de e ? educa??o, destacando-se o princ?pio fundamental da dignidade da pessoa humana, o princ?pio da sustentabilidade (com fei??es multidimensionais) e os princ?pios da administra??o p?blica. Aborda-se o direito/dever fundamental ? boa administra??o p?blica (como possibilidade de refor?o ? juridicidade de outros direitos fundamentais) e algumas deriva??es: direito/dever fundamental ? boa administra??o tribut?ria e direito/dever fundamental ? boa administra??o financeira (resultantes em uma boa gest?o fiscal), em conjunto com o direito/dever fundamental ? boa ciber@dministra??o p?blica (correlacionado aos princ?pios da publicidade e transpar?ncia e a necess?ria sintonia do controle externo com o controle social). Demonstra-se o regime jur?dico diferenciado concedido pelo constituinte brasileiro aos direitos fundamentais ? sa?de e educa??o e respectivas tutelas especiais - a possibilidade de destina??o de verbas espec?ficas e a previs?o de interven??o federal e estadual quando n?o houver aplica??o do m?nimo constitucionalmente estabelecido (art. 212 da CRFB e art. 77 do ADCT). Conjuntamente, algumas considera??es sobre as necess?rias reservas ? reserva do poss?vel. Apresenta-se um diagn?stico das aplica??es dos recursos com destina??o vinculada em sa?de e educa??o pelos munic?pios ga?chos e pelo Estado do Rio Grande do Sul e considera??es sobre a necess?ria otimiza??o de tais investimentos. Prop?e-se a ampla utiliza??o de novos instrumentos de realiza??o do controle externo na concretiza??o dos direitos/deveres fundamentais.

The aim of this work was double-balanced mixer implementation, which will be used like laboratory equipment. This thesis deals with design of the double-balanced mixer from first theoretical principles to a practical design of a laboratory equipment. For the practical design the integrated mixer SA612 was used. Input signal to the mixer up to 500 MHz frequency can be used. For required operation external oscillator and fifth-order low pass filter were constructed. Oscillator was designed for fixed frequency 32 MHz. Fifth-order low pass filter was inserted between the mixer and the oscillator, because of filtering higher harmonics. The second aim of the work was measuring double-balanced mixer basic parameters, such as Compression Point (P-1dB) and Intercept Point (IP3). For the IP3 measurement, another one device was required. It consists of the power combiner for mixing two frequency close signals and third-order bandpass filter, which selects required frequency band. Finally, the laboratory equipment was fabricated and its real parameters were measured.

Questo studio analizza i meccanismi di diffusione di iniziative di Inclusive Business secondo i principi della Teoria Base della Piramide (BOP). La ragione è quella di approfondire l’ipotesi che tali iniziative possano rappresentare un modello di policies a favore dello Sviluppo Sostenibile e Umano, a livello globale. Due variabili sono state analizzate: la replicabilità geografica dei modelli di inclusive Business e la presenza di un contesto istituzionale di supporto. Lo studio ha verificato l’ipotesi attraverso un’analisi qualitativa di due aziende (per la variabile geografica), quindici laboratori appartenenti al BOP Learning Lab Network (per la variabile istituzionale) e novantasei casi-studio del database UNDP Growing Inclusive Markets (per entrambe le variabili). I risultati indicano la presenza di barriere culturali, politiche, normative ed economiche che impediscono la replicabilità/diffusione di iniziative BOP. Dal punto di vista istituzionale, appare una scarsa integrazione dei rappresentanti delle comunità BOP all’interno delle istituzioni a loro supporto. Tuttavia, sono emersi due driver per la diffusione di iniziative BOP: reti migratorie e organizzazioni settoriali. Questi sono stati analizzati evidenziandone le potenzialità relativamente alla domanda di ricerca. Infine, sono state presentate questioni aperte derivanti dalla diffusione di meccanismi di Inclusive Business a livello globale, contestualizzandole in rapporto alla Teoria BOP.<br>This study wants to investigate the process of diffusion of Inclusive Businesses according to the principles of the Bottom of the Pyramid (BOP) theory. The rationale is to investigate whether the Inclusive Business approach may lead to a new policy framework addressing Sustainability needs and Human Development, at a global level. Two diffusion-related variables were tested: the geographical replication of Inclusive Business models and the presence of a supporting institutional landscape. The study verified the hypothesis through a qualitative analysis of two firms (geographical replication variable), sixteen labs from the BOP Learning Lab Network (supporting institutional landscape variable) and ninety-six case-studies of the UNDP Growing Inclusive Markets database (both variables). Results showed cultural, policy, regulatory and economic barriers hampering the geographical replication of BOP ventures. From the institutional point of view, results showed a poor integration of actors from the BOP within the supporting institutions. Yet, two drivers to diffuse the Inclusive Businesses emerged: migrant networks and sector-level organizations. Both were investigated highlighting their potentialities in relation to the research question. Finally, open issues on the diffusion of Inclusive Business models were presented, explaining their contribution in advancing the state of the art of the BOP theory.

Questo studio analizza i meccanismi di diffusione di iniziative di Inclusive Business secondo i principi della Teoria Base della Piramide (BOP). La ragione è quella di approfondire l’ipotesi che tali iniziative possano rappresentare un modello di policies a favore dello Sviluppo Sostenibile e Umano, a livello globale. Due variabili sono state analizzate: la replicabilità geografica dei modelli di inclusive Business e la presenza di un contesto istituzionale di supporto. Lo studio ha verificato l’ipotesi attraverso un’analisi qualitativa di due aziende (per la variabile geografica), quindici laboratori appartenenti al BOP Learning Lab Network (per la variabile istituzionale) e novantasei casi-studio del database UNDP Growing Inclusive Markets (per entrambe le variabili). I risultati indicano la presenza di barriere culturali, politiche, normative ed economiche che impediscono la replicabilità/diffusione di iniziative BOP. Dal punto di vista istituzionale, appare una scarsa integrazione dei rappresentanti delle comunità BOP all’interno delle istituzioni a loro supporto. Tuttavia, sono emersi due driver per la diffusione di iniziative BOP: reti migratorie e organizzazioni settoriali. Questi sono stati analizzati evidenziandone le potenzialità relativamente alla domanda di ricerca. Infine, sono state presentate questioni aperte derivanti dalla diffusione di meccanismi di Inclusive Business a livello globale, contestualizzandole in rapporto alla Teoria BOP.<br>This study wants to investigate the process of diffusion of Inclusive Businesses according to the principles of the Bottom of the Pyramid (BOP) theory. The rationale is to investigate whether the Inclusive Business approach may lead to a new policy framework addressing Sustainability needs and Human Development, at a global level. Two diffusion-related variables were tested: the geographical replication of Inclusive Business models and the presence of a supporting institutional landscape. The study verified the hypothesis through a qualitative analysis of two firms (geographical replication variable), sixteen labs from the BOP Learning Lab Network (supporting institutional landscape variable) and ninety-six case-studies of the UNDP Growing Inclusive Markets database (both variables). Results showed cultural, policy, regulatory and economic barriers hampering the geographical replication of BOP ventures. From the institutional point of view, results showed a poor integration of actors from the BOP within the supporting institutions. Yet, two drivers to diffuse the Inclusive Businesses emerged: migrant networks and sector-level organizations. Both were investigated highlighting their potentialities in relation to the research question. Finally, open issues on the diffusion of Inclusive Business models were presented, explaining their contribution in advancing the state of the art of the BOP theory.

Die Sauerstoffausscheidung in Silicium wird durch die Höhe der Bordotierung beeinflusst. Mit dem Ziel der Aufklärung der Mechanismen bei der Ausscheidung wurden verschiedene physikalische Messmethoden angepasst und ein breiter Borkonzentrationsbereich charakterisiert. Es wurden die frühen Phasen der Ausscheidungsbildung sowie Komplexbildung als auch das Wachstum der Sauerstoffausscheidungen untersucht. Mithilfe einer neuen Methodenkombination aus alkalischem Ätzen und FTIR-Spektroskopie konnten verschiedene Bor-Komplexe nachgewiesen werden. Die Erkenntnisse über deren Existenz sowie Kinetik wurden numerisch umgesetzt. Mittels Kleinwinkel-Neutronenstreuung wurden erstmals in den frühen Phasen der Sauerstoffausscheidung deren Form und Größe in Abhängigkeit der Borkonzentration bestimmt. Die physikalischen Prozesse, die zu einem beschleunigten als auch anomalen Ausscheidungsverhalten in Abhängigkeit der Borkonzentration führen, konnten teilweise aufgeklärt werden.

Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer deaths in Canada. Human prostate carcinomas are often androgen-dependent and respond to androgen withdrawal therapy by temporary regression, followed by androgen- .independent recurrence. These well-established features of prostate cancer strongly suggest that androgens play a major role in prostate carcinogenesis. The overall goal of the research described in this thesis is to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms modulating androgen action in prostate cancer cells. This focused on the influence of exogenous chemicals, the efflux transporter P-glycoprotein and the multi-functional transcription factor Y-box Binding Protein-1. Epidemiological evidence, based on agricultural occupational exposures, instigated experimental work that showed pesticides have the potential to mimic or antagonize hormone action, in many cases through androgen receptor binding and interfering with transcriptional activity, thus are capable of disrupting the male hormone-signaling pathway. Furthermore, in prostate cancer cells, androgen responsiveness is modulated by Pgp activity and expression. The biological consequences of increased Pgp expression are decreased androgen accumulation and a corresponding decrease in androgen-regulated transcriptional activity and prostate-specific antigen gene expression. Experimental evidence further supports the hypothesis that early in prostate cancer progression, increased YB-1 expression increases Pgp activity, which consequently lowers androgen levels in prostate tumour cells. Suppression of androgen levels may activate cell survival pathways and lead to an adaptive survival advantage of androgen-independent prostate cancer cells following androgen ablation therapy. Understanding the complex molecular mechanisms by which prostate cancer cells can control androgen function, and how prostate cancer cells evade apoptotic death, provides a paradigm to explain the relationship between androgen action and chemotherapeutic resistance. As a result, the final objective investigated the effects of YB-1 knockdown using antisense oligonucleotides in vitro, and in vivo after androgen withdrawal in human LNCaP prostate cancer tumour xenografts, with the aim of suppressing cellular proliferation and increasing chemosensitivity. Intratumoral injection of 2'-0-(methoxy)ethyl ribose-modified YB-1 ASO and paclitaxel incorporated into a biodegradable, controlled-release formulation in castrated mice delayed Al progression. These results suggest that YB-1 may be a promising target for the treatment of prostate cancer based on a strategy of inhibiting cellular proliferation. Our understanding of the molecular links between androgen action, tumorigenesis, apoptosis, and drug resistance provides the foundation for a new era of targeted cancer therapy.<br>Medicine, Faculty of<br>Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of<br>Graduate

This thesis is focused on mathematical modelling of exchange rate CZK/USD in 1991 - 2014. Time series was divided into 5 parts. First Box-Jenkins methodology models were examined, especially ARIMA model. Unfortunately, the model could not be used because none of the time series showed correlation. The time series is considered as a white noise. The data appear to be completely random and unpredictable. The time series have not constant variance neither normal distribution and therefore GARCH volatility model was used as the second model. It is better not to divide time series when using model of volatility. Volatility model contributes to more accurate prediction than the standard deviation. Results were calculated in RStudio software and MS Excel.

This work presents an overview of several different methods for construct- ing ultrafilters. The first part contains constructions not needing additional assumptions beyond the usual axioms of Set Theory. K. Kunen's method using independent systems for constructing weak P-points is presented. This is followed by a presentation of its application in topology (the proof of the existence of sixteen topological types due to J. van Mill). Finally a new con- struction due to the author is presented together with a proof of his result, the existence of a seventeenth topological type: ω∗ contains a point which is discretely untouchable, is a limit point of a countable set and the countable sets having it as its limit point form a filter. The second part looks at constructions which use additional combina- torial axioms and/or forcing. J. Ketonen's construction of a P-point and A. R. D. Mathias's construction of a Q-point are presented in the first two sections. The next sections concentrate on strong P-points introduced by C. Laflamme. The first of these contains a proof of a new characterization theorem due jointly to the author, A. Blass and M. Hrušák: An ultrafilter is Canjar if and only if it is a strong P-point. A new proof of Canjar's the- orem on the existence of non-dominating filters (Canjar filters) which uses...

The main subject of this thesis is a practical elaboration of the subject "Boron, Carbon and Nitrogen Group of the p-block elements" in form of presentations created using the Microsoft PowerPoint program. The presentations are designed to be used in practice, during the education of chemistry at secondary schools. The thesis also contains additional comments for teachers and an analysis of curricular documents and selected textbooks. It is elaborated in accordance with the RVP G programme.

We study the existence of special points in extremally disconnected compact topological spaces that witness their nonhomogeneity. Via Stone duality, we are looking for ultrafilters on complete Boolean algebras with special combinatorial properties. We introduce the notion of a coherent ultrafilter (coherent P-point, coherently selective). We show that generic existence of such ultrafilters on every complete ccc Boolean algebra of weight not exceeding the continuum is consistent with set theory, and that they witness the nonhomogeneity of the corresponding Stone spaces. We study the properties of the order-sequential property on σ-complete Boolean algebras and its relation to measure-theoretic properties. We ask whether the order-sequential topology can be compact in a nontrivial case, and partially answer the question in a special case of the Suslin algebra associated with a Suslin tree.

Die Sauerstoffausscheidung in Silicium wird durch die Höhe der Bordotierung beeinflusst. Mit dem Ziel der Aufklärung der Mechanismen bei der Ausscheidung wurden verschiedene physikalische Messmethoden angepasst und ein breiter Borkonzentrationsbereich charakterisiert. Es wurden die frühen Phasen der Ausscheidungsbildung sowie Komplexbildung als auch das Wachstum der Sauerstoffausscheidungen untersucht. Mithilfe einer neuen Methodenkombination aus alkalischem Ätzen und FTIR-Spektroskopie konnten verschiedene Bor-Komplexe nachgewiesen werden. Die Erkenntnisse über deren Existenz sowie Kinetik wurden numerisch umgesetzt. Mittels Kleinwinkel-Neutronenstreuung wurden erstmals in den frühen Phasen der Sauerstoffausscheidung deren Form und Größe in Abhängigkeit der Borkonzentration bestimmt. Die physikalischen Prozesse, die zu einem beschleunigten als auch anomalen Ausscheidungsverhalten in Abhängigkeit der Borkonzentration führen, konnten teilweise aufgeklärt werden.

Топлакалцян Х. А. Обліково-аналітичне забезпечення управління витратами на ПП «Промавтоматікасервіс» : кваліфікаційна робота магістра спеціальності 071 "Облік і оподаткування" / наук. керівник Н. М. Проскуріна. Запоріжжя : ЗНУ, 2020. 132 с.<br>UA : Кваліфікаційна робота: 132 с., 37 рис., 36 табл., 1 додаток, 83 джерела. Об’єкт дослідження – процес обліку та аналізу витрат та методів їх оптимізації на підприємствах будівельної галузі. Метою кваліфікаційної роботи наукове визначення теоретико-методичних положень та розроблення практичних рекомендацій, спрямованих на вдосконалення системи обліку та управління витратами для підвищення ефективності діяльності будівельному підприємства. Методи дослідження: системний підхід до вивчення економічних явищ і процесів. Під час виконання дослідження використано загальнонаукові методи теоретичне узагальнення і порівняння; аналізу синтезу, індукція та дедукція, комплексно-системний підхід, структурно-логічний аналіз, економічний аналіз, факторний аналіз, абстрактно-логічний, графічний та табличний методи. До використаних в роботі інструментів аналізу відносяться: вертикальний і горизонтальний аналіз, аналіз за абсолютними і відносними показниками, факторний метод аналізу. У роботі досліджено економічну сутність витрат, розглянуто вимоги нормативно-правового регулювання обліку витрат; вдосконалено класифікацію витрат підприємства для цілей управління, що містить оптимальну кількість ознак, розкриває цільове призначення та економічний зміст окремих видів витрат, обґрунтовано методику оцінки ефективності управління процесом формування витрат промислового підприємства, запропоновано для кращого управління витратами використати адміністративний метод премії за економію витрат та знаходження шляхів їх зниження для заохочення працівників бухгалтерської служби та професійно-технічного відділу, приймати рішення всіма існуючими відділами, а не лише директором, щоб уникнути єдиновладдя. Обґрунтовано доцільність покупки власної техніки, запропоновано резерви зниження витрат, що складаються з зменшення трудових витрат, зниження продуктивності праці за рахунок збільшення перевиконання встановлених норм виробітку, своєчасної поставки матеріалів та довгострокових контрактів, зменшення витрат на транспортування та витрат паливно-мастильних матеріалів. Отримані результати щодо удосконалення управління та аналізу витрат будівельних підприємств дозволять приймати ефективні управлінські рішення організаційного та фінансового характеру, що сприятиме результативність їх роботи та підвищення рентабельності реалізації.<br>EN : Qualifying work: 132 pp., 37 drawings, 36 tabl., 1 applications, 83 literary sources. The object of study is the process of accounting and analysis of costs and methods of their optimization in the construction industry. The purpose of qualification work is the scientific definition of theoretical and methodological provisions and the development of practical recommendations aimed at improving the accounting and cost management system to improve the efficiency of the construction company. Research methods: a systematic approach to the study of economic phenomena and processes. General scientific methods of theoretical generalization and comparison were used during the study; synthesis analysis, induction and deduction, complex-system approach, structural-logical analysis, -economic analysis, factor analysis, abstract-logical, graphical and tabular methods. The tools used in the analysis include: vertical and horizontal analysis, analysis of absolute and relative indicators, factor analysis method. The economic nature of expenditures is investigated, requirements of regulatory regulation of accounting of expenses are considered; improved classification of enterprise costs for management purposes, containing the optimal number of features, reveals the purpose and economic content of certain types of costs, substantiates the method of evaluating the efficiency of management of the process of formation of costs of industrial enterprises, proposed to better manage the costs to use the administrative method of cost savings and find ways reduce them to encourage accounting staff and the technical and technical department, make decisions all existing departments, not just the director, to avoid sole authority. The expediency of purchasing your own equipment is substantiated, the reserves of cost reductions consisting of reduction of labor costs, reduction of labor productivity due to increase of overfulfillment of established norms of production, timely delivery of materials and long-term contracts, reduction of transportation costs and costs of fuel and lubricants are offered. The results obtained in improving the management and cost analysis of construction companies will allow them to make effective management decisions of an organizational and financial nature, which will contribute to the effectiveness of their work and increase the profitability of implementation.

У роботі розглядаються теоретичні аспекти обліку та контролю стану та руху основних засобів. Проаналізовано стан обліку основних засобів у товаристві, фінансовий стан підприємства, забезпеченність та використання основних засобів. Запропоновано приділити увагу порядку формування первинної інформації, впровадити систематичне проведення комплексного аналізу фінансового стану, впровадити застосування різних методів нарахування амортизації для різних груп основних засобів, упорядкувати формування витрат підприємства в частині амортизаційних відрахувань, розробити стратегію щодо покращення фінансового стану<br>The theoretical aspects of accounting and control of the condition and movement of fixed assets are considered in the paper. The state of accounting of fixed assets in the company, financial state of the enterprise, security and use of fixed assets are analyzed. It is suggested to pay attention to the order of formation of primary information, to introduce systematic carrying out of the complex analysis of financial condition, to introduce the use of different methods of depreciation for different groups of fixed assets, to arrange the formation of expenses of the company in terms of depreciation, to develop a strategy for improving the financial condition.