Relevant bibliographies by topics / P-distances

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'P-distances'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 3 June 2025
Last updated: 7 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "P-distances"

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Brimberg, Jack, and George O. Wesolowsky. "Probabilisticl p distances in location models." Annals of Operations Research 40, no. 1 (1992): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02060470.

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Nieminen, Mauri. "Response distances of wild forest reindeer (Rangifer tarandus fennicus Lönnb.) and semi-domestic reindeer (R. t. tarandus L.) to direct provocation by a human on foot/snowshoes." Rangifer 33, no. 1 (2013): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/2.33.1.2614.

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The objective of the study was to examine response distances of wild forest reindeer (Rangifer tarandus fennicus Lönnb.) and semi-domestic reindeer (R. t. tarandus L.) in Finland and Norway to direct provocation by a human on foot/snowshoes in 5 areas and in 15 reindeer herding cooperatives during different seasons in 2010-12. There were no significant differences in mean herd size or in sight, alert, flight and closest response distances of wild forest reindeer in the Kuhmo and Suomenselkä areas. The encounter distance in wild forest reindeer was significantly (P< 0.005) longer than in semi-domestic reindeer in Finland and in Finnmark, Norway, and it increased with the group size. The sight and the alert distances in wild forest reindeer were significantly (P< 0.001) longer than in semi-domestic reindeer. In addition, the flight distance for wild forest reindeer (mean 192 m) was significantly (P< 0.001) and almost three times longer than in semi-domestic reindeer in Finland (mean 68 m). The closest mean distance was in wild forest reindeer 191m (range 100-320 m) but only 44 m (range 2-110 m) in semi-domestic reindeer (P< 0.001). The sight, alert, flight and closest response distances were slightly longer in Norwegian than in Finnish semi-domestic reindeer. However, these distances were significantly (P<0.005) longer in Pohjois-Salla (no supplementary feeding) than in other Finnish reindeer herding cooperatives and at the Kaamanen experimental station. The mean flight distance of reindeer in Pohjois-Salla was 115 m but only 65 m in other cooperatives (P< 0.001). The closest distance of semi-domestic reindeer in Pohjois-Salla (mean 105 m) was more than 2.5 times longer than in other reindeer herding cooperatives (mean 40 m). The mean sight, alert and flight distances in wild forest reindeer in autumn and winter were significantly longer (P<0.005) than in semi-domestic reindeer in Finland. However, during summer these distances in wild forest reindeer herds with young calves were significantly longer (P<0.005). The mean herd size of Finnish semi-domestic reindeer was almost the same in different seasons, but in wild forest reindeer it was slightly bigger during winter and spring and smaller during summer and autumn, only 7-23 reindeer. The mean encounter and sight distances in semi-domestic reindeer were significantly longer (P<0.005) in winter, but the mean alert and flight distances were almost the same in winter and summer and slightly longer than during other seasons. The results suggest that the supplementary feeding practice during winter may likely cause a reduction in flight distances in semi-domestic reindeer.
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ROOIN, Jamal, Somayeh HABIBZADEH, and Mohammad Sal MOSLEHIAN. "Geometric Aspects of $p$-angular and Skew $p$-angular Distances." Tokyo Journal of Mathematics 41, no. 1 (2018): 253–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3836/tjm/1502179269.

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Wu, Wenbo, Sidao Ni, and Xiangfang Zeng. "Evidence for P′P′ asymmetrical scattering at near podal distances." Geophysical Research Letters 39, no. 11 (2012): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012gl052179.

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Afkhami, Taba, and Hossein Dehghan. "Operator inequalities related to p-angular distances." Filomat 33, no. 7 (2019): 2107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fil1907107a.

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For any nonzero elements x,y in a normed space X, the angular and skew-angular distance is respectively defined by ?[x,y] = ||x/||x|| - y/||y|||| and ?[x,y] = ||x/||y|| - y/||x||||. Also inequality ? ? ? characterizes inner product spaces. Operator version of ? p has been studied by Pecaric, Rajic, and Saito, Tominaga, and Zou et al. In this paper, we study the operator version of p-angular distance ?p by using Douglas? lemma. We also prove that the operator version of inequality ? p ? ?p holds for normal and double commute operators. Some examples are presented to show essentiality of these conditions.
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Qiu, Jing Hui, and Fei He. "P-distances, q-distances and a generalized Ekeland’s variational principle in uniform spaces." Acta Mathematica Sinica, English Series 28, no. 2 (2011): 235–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10114-011-0629-z.

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Iwata, Yo, Fusako Fujimura, Tomoya Handa, Nobuyuki Shoji, and Hitoshi Ishikawa. "Effects of Target Size and Test Distance on Stereoacuity." Journal of Ophthalmology 2016 (2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7950690.

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Target size and test distance effects on stereoacuity were investigated in 24 subjects using a three-dimensional monitor.Examination 1: Target Size Effects. The test distance was 2.5 m for 0.1°, 0.2°, 0.5°, and 0.9° target sizes; crossed parallax was presented in 22-second units. Average stereoacuity values for 0.1°, 0.2°, 0.5°, and 0.9° target sizes were59.58±14.86,47.66±13.71,41.25±15.95, and39.41±15.52seconds, respectively. Stereoacuity was significantly worse with a 0.1° target than with 0.2°, 0.5°, and 0.9° target sizes (P=0.03,P<0.0001, andP<0.0001, resp.).Examination 2: Test Distance Effects. Test distances of 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 m were investigated for a 0.5° target size; crossed parallax was presented in 22-second units. Average stereoacuity values at 2.5 m, 5.0 m, and 7.5 m test distances were44.91±16.16,34.83±10.84, and24.75±7.27seconds, respectively. Stereoacuity at a 7.5 m distance was significantly better than at distances of 2.5 m and 5.0 m (P<0.0001andP=0.02, resp.). Stereoacuity at a 5.0 m distance was significantly better than at 2.5 m (P=0.04). Stereoacuity should be estimated by both parallax and other elements, including test distance and target size.
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Pardhan, Shahina, Rajiv Raman, Brian C. J. Moore, Silvia Cirstea, Saranya Velu, and Andrew J. Kolarik. "Effect of early versus late onset of partial visual loss on judgments of auditory distance." Optometry and Vision Science 101, no. 6 (2024): 393–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/opx.0000000000002125.

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SIGNIFICANCE It is important to know whether early-onset vision loss and late-onset vision loss are associated with differences in the estimation of distances of sound sources within the environment. People with vision loss rely heavily on auditory cues for path planning, safe navigation, avoiding collisions, and activities of daily living. PURPOSE Loss of vision can lead to substantial changes in auditory abilities. It is unclear whether differences in sound distance estimation exist in people with early-onset partial vision loss, late-onset partial vision loss, and normal vision. We investigated distance estimates for a range of sound sources and auditory environments in groups of participants with early- or late-onset partial visual loss and sighted controls. METHODS Fifty-two participants heard static sounds with virtual distances ranging from 1.2 to 13.8 m within a simulated room. The room simulated either anechoic (no echoes) or reverberant environments. Stimuli were speech, music, or noise. Single sounds were presented, and participants reported the estimated distance of the sound source. Each participant took part in 480 trials. RESULTS Analysis of variance showed significant main effects of visual status (p<0.05) environment (reverberant vs. anechoic, p<0.05) and also of the stimulus (p<0.05). Significant differences (p<0.05) were shown in the estimation of distances of sound sources between early-onset visually impaired participants and sighted controls for closer distances for all conditions except the anechoic speech condition and at middle distances for all conditions except the reverberant speech and music conditions. Late-onset visually impaired participants and sighted controls showed similar performance (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that early-onset partial vision loss results in significant changes in judged auditory distance in different environments, especially for close and middle distances. Late-onset partial visual loss has less of an impact on the ability to estimate the distance of sound sources. The findings are consistent with a theoretical framework, the perceptual restructuring hypothesis, which was recently proposed to account for the effects of vision loss on audition.
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Rodríguez-Larralde, Alvaro. "Genetic distance estimated through surname frequencies of 37 counties from the state of Lara, Venezuela." Journal of Biosocial Science 25, no. 1 (1993): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000020344.

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SummaryGenetic distances between all possible pairs of counties (n = 37) in the state of Lara, Venezuela were calculated using surname frequencies and the Euclidean distance as estimator. In general, Euclidean distances were smaller between counties closer together, and the product moment correlation between geographic and Euclidean distances was 0·49 (p < 0.02). The results suggest that, in Lara, geographic distance has been an important determinant of genetic structure, although topography and roadways also have had an important influence upon this structure.
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Chumnanvej, Sorayouth, Duangkamol Pattamarakha, Thanwa Sudsang, and Jackrit Suthakorn. "Anatomical workspace study of Endonasal Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Approach." Open Medicine 14, no. 1 (2019): 537–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/med-2019-0060.

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AbstractPurposeTo determine the workspace through an anatomical dimensional study of the skull base to further facilitate the design of the robot for endonasal endoscopic transsphenoidal (EET) surgery.MethodsThere were 120 cases having a paranasal sinus CT scan in the database. The internal volumes of the nasal cavities (NC), the volumes of the sphenoid sinuses (SS), and the distance between the anterior nasal spine and base of the sellar (d-ANS-BS) were measured.ResultsThe Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) between the relevant distances and the volumes of the right NC was 0.32; between the relevant distances and the volumes of the left NC was 0.43; and between the relevant distances and volumes of NC was 0.41; with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). All PCCs had a statistically significant meaningful difference (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe volume of NCs were significantly correlated with distances (p < 0.05). The safest and shortest distance to guide the robotic arm length in the EET approach could be represented by d-ANS-BS. This result was also used as primary information for further robotic design.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "P-distances"

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Bellucci, Andrea. "Distances, banking relationships and spatial competiton in local credit markets." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/242123.

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Srinivasan, Vasantha Kumar. "Comparison And Reliability Assessment Of "P Distance" With Conventional Lower Incisor Measurements. A Long Cephalometric Study." Thesis, Faculty of Dentistry, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4421.

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Kruger, Stephan J. "Validation of the precision distance measuring equipment (DME/P) module of the baseline microwave landing system (MLS) mathematical model." Ohio : Ohio University, 1993. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1175711926.

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GUENOUN, KOMEL. "Realisation et etude de couches minces de cuinse#2 de type p ou n obtenues par transport a courte distance." Perpignan, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PERP0297.

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Dans le but de realiser des bases pour cellules solaires, des couches minces de cuinse#2 ont ete fabriquees a partir d'une methode de transport a courte distance. La methode a tout d'abord ete etudiee thermiquement, pour determiner la distribution des temperatures et le mode de transport de matiere. La connaissance des temperatures vraies de source et de substrat nous a permis de cerner les conditions experimentales permettant d'obtenir des couches minces quasi-stoechiometriques de conductivite electrique pouvant varier du type p au type n. La qualite cristalline de ces couches a ete controlee au moyen des rayons x, de la microscopie electronique et de l'absorption optique. Des depots sur electrodes de sno#2 ont ete realises, montrant, dans certains cas, une orientation preferentielle (100) ou (001) induite par le substrat.
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Bourguignon, Bernard. "Spectroscopie laser de MgO et étude des réactions de harponnage à courte distance Mg(³P) + N₂ O et Mg(¹ S) + Cl₂." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112169.

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Le sujet de cette thèse est l'étude expérimentale de la dynamique réactionnelle de réactions chimiques simples entre l'atome de magnésium protoxyde d'azote ou le chlore. La technique employée pour obtenir un diagnostic sur la réaction chimique est la fluorescence Induite par laser (FIL) de l'un des produits de réaction, MgO ou MgCI. Les données spectroscopiques disponibles sur les états triplets de MgO étant Insuffisantes, Il a été nécessaire de faire une étude approfondie de ces états. Dans les expériences de spectroscopie, des spectres d'excitation laser à haute résolution (laser à colorant pulsé avec étalon Intra-cavité) ont été enregistrés, avec détection sélective de la fluorescence dans des réglons spectrales choisies de façon à simplifier le spectre d'excitation. Plusieurs transitions électroniques nouvelles ont été attribuées et analysées en rotation. Les états triplets de MgO a v=0,1 et d v=0, et partiellement v=1, ont été caractérisés, et ces résultats ont permis en retour d'extraire les populations de vibration-rotation de MgO à partir des spectres de FIL de MgO «naissant» produit par réaction entre Mg et le protoxyde d'azote. Les populations naissantes de MgCI formé par la réaction de Mg avec le chlore ont été obtenues avec un montage de type jet sur gaz. Les deux réactions chimiques étudiées sont des réactions de «harponnage», dans lesquelles le saut d'électron de l'atome métallique vers la molécule a lieu à courte distance; les deux systèmes diffèrent profondément du point de vue de la structure électronique de l'ion négatif Intermédiaire. Pour les deux réactions, nous avons observé que l'énergie de vibration du produit (MgO ou MgCI) est extrêmement faible, alors qu'il est admis que les réactions de harponnage conduisent à une grande excitation vibrationnelle dans les produits de réaction; nous avons montré que ce résultat est compatible avec le mécanisme de harponnage, et que la faible excitation vibrationnelle obtenue est due à la faible distance internucléaire du saut d'électron. Les énergies de rotation de MgO et MgCI sont par contre très différentes, et peuvent être reliées à la différence de structure électronique de l'ion négatif Intermédiaire.
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Akpom, Reginald C. "INVESTIGATING THE IMPACT OF ORIENTATION AND DETECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF FIRST-TIME ONLINE STUDENTS ON THEIR SUCCESS RATE IN A COMMUNITY COLLEGE SETTING." OpenSIUC, 2013. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/788.

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It is evident that the failure rate is higher among online students than in-class students at Hopkinsville Community College. An analysis of the academic records of students who enrolled in online courses for the first time at Hopkinsville indicated a 13% higher withdrawal and failure rate than those who took in-class courses over the same period between 2000 and 2010. Colleges are taking potentially all of the necessary steps to reduce the student failure rates among online students because high withdrawal and failure rates often reflect badly on the quality of education by the providing institutions (C. Segura, personal communication, November 2009). The purpose of this study is to determine if there is any statistically significant difference in the success rates between first-time online students who participated in the orientation for first-time online students, and first-time online students who did not participate in the orientation at Hopkinsville Community College. The study also determined if any relationships exist between success in an online course and student gender, student course load, student grade point average (GPA), student age, student readiness for online learning score, and student level of technology experience score. Studying the relationships between orientation of first-time online students and withdrawal and failure rates among first-time online students may lead to finding ways of reducing the high failure and withdrawal rates of online students at the community college.
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Galand, Fabien. "Construction de codes Z indice p à la puissance k linéaires de bonne distance minimale et schémas de dissimulation fondés sur les codes de recouvrement." Caen, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CAEN2047.

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Cette thèse étudie deux axes de recherches reposant sur les codes. Chaque axe porte sur un paramètre particulier. Le premier axe est celui de la correction d'erreur, et nous nous intéressons à la distance minimale des codes. Notre objectif est de construire des codes sur Fp ayant une bonne distance minimale. Pour cela nous utilisons conjointement le relèvement de Hensel et la Zpk-linéarité. Nous donnons la distance minimale en petite longueur d'une généralisation des codes de Kerdock et de Preparata, ainsi que des relevés des codes de résidus quadratiques. Parmi ces codes, nous en obtenons quatre égalant les meilleurs codes linéaires. Nous donnons également une construction visant à augmenter le cardinal des codes Zpk-linéaires par ajout de translatés. Cette construction nous conduit à une borne supérieure sur le cardinaux des codes Zpk-linéaires. Le second axe, disjoint du premier dans son objectif, mais le rejoignant sur les objets étudiés, est la construction de schémas de dissimulation. Nous relions cette problématique, relevant de la stéganographie, à la construction de codes de recouvrement. Nous envisageons deux modàles de schémas. Ces modàles sont prouvés équivalents aux cette équivalence pour mettre à jour la structure des recouvrements utilisés dans les travaux déjà publiés. Cette équivalence nous sert également à déduire des bornes supérieures sur la capacité des schémas, et en donnant des constructions fondées sur les recouvrements linéaires nous obtenons des bornes inférieures.
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Allard, Madeleine. "L'interaction didactique transmise par vidéoconférence." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26132/26132.pdf.

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Charpentier, Clément. "Coloration, jeux et marquages dans les graphes." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0023/document.

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Nous étudions plusieurs problèmes de coloration dans les graphes, pour certains avec une composante ludique. La coloration à distance 2 d'un graphe est une coloration de ses sommets telle que deux sommets à distance au plus 2 ont des couleurs différentes. Le L(p; q)-étiquetage est une généralisation de ce problème ou les contraintes à distance 1 et 2 sont différentes. Nous donnons des résultats pour ces deux problèmes dans plusieurs classes de graphes peu denses (ayant un faible degré moyen maximum).Le jeu de coloration sur un graphe est un jeu ou deux joueurs, Alice et Bob, colorent tour à tour un des sommets non coloriés d'un graphe, construisant ainsi une coloration propre partielle de plus en plus étendue de ce graphe. Alice tente d'étendre la coloration à l'ensemble du graphe, et Bob tente de l'en empêcher. Nous travaillons sur un invariant de graphe, le degré minmax, dont l'étude permet de déduire des résultats pour le jeu de coloration via l'étude d'un problème structurel, la (1; k)-décomposition d'un graphe, c'est-à-dire la partition de ses arêtes en une forêt et un sous-graphe de degré inférieur ou égal à k.Nous travaillons enfin sur une variante du jeu de coloration nommée jeu de coloration d'incidences, ou Alice et Bob colorient les incidences d'un graphe, pour lequel nous donnons une stratégie efficace pour Alice.Enfin, tout au long de notre mémoire, nous étudions les liens entre la notion de coloration est celle de marquage. Un marquage est un ordre sur les sommets (ou arêtes, ou incidences...) d'un graphe possédant des caractéristiques utiles pour le colorer. Pour nos différents problèmes, nous questionnons l'utilité ou les limites de l'usage de cette notion<br>We study several problems of graph coloring, some of them with a game component.A 2-distance coloring of a graph is a vertex coloring where two vertices at distanceat most two have different colors. A L(p; q)-labeling is a generalisation of the distance-2coloring where constraints are different at distance 1 and 2. We give results for thesetwo problems in several classes of sparse graphs (with a low maximal average degree).The coloring game on a graph is a game where two players, Alice and Bob, taketurns coloring an uncolored vertex of the graph, constructing together a proper partialcoloring of the graph extending as time moves on. Alice try to extend the coloringto the whole graph, and Bob try to prevent her to win. We study a graph invariant,the minmax degree, who has consequences on the coloring game through the notion of(1; k)-decomposition of a graph, which is the partition of its edge set into a forest and asubgraph of degree bounded by k.We finally study a variant of the coloring game named incidence coloring game, whereAlice and Bob are coloring the incidences of a graph, and for which we give an efficientstrategy for Alice.Finally, during our thesis, we study the connections between coloring and marking,which is an order on the vertices of a graph (or its edges, or its incidences) havingproperties usefull for its coloring. For our problems, we try to determine the utility andthe limits of a marking-based approach of coloring problems
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Machado, Jober Vanderlei de Vargas. "EFEITO DA SIMPATRIA SOBRE A DIVERSIDADE GENÉTICA DE Aegla platensis (CRUSTACEA, DECAPODA)." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5308.

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Sympatry is characterized by the existence of two or more species phylogenetically related occupying the same ecological niche. This event has already been recorded in species of crabs of the genus Aegla in Brazil between two species, and though morphological characteristics only. For Aegla, as in most crustaceans, there are few studies to verify if there is any relationship between sympatry and genetic diversity of populations living in this association. In the present study, besides a new record of sympatry between two species of Aegla for Brazil, Aegla platensis and Aegla spinipalma, occurring in Batú River, the occurrence of sympatry among three species, A. platensis, Aegla sp. (in preparation) and Aegla grisella, living in Cambará River, is also presented. To verify the existence of sympatry at the sampling points, besides the morphological characteristics used for the identification of individuals, the technique of DNA-Barcoding was applied using a fragment of 207 bp of the gene COI amplified in 22 individuals and from these sequences interspecific, intra- and interpopulation p-distance values were obtained. Sympatry between two species in Batú River was verified by both morphological and molecular data. For the species living in Cambará River mitochondrial and morphological data were not completely congruent, because some sequences of A. grisella clustered with individuals of other species, presenting low values of interspecific distance. However, these sequences probably are nuclear pseudogenes and when they were removed from the analysis, three species were identified in Cambará River. To verify if there is any relationship between sympatry and genetic diversity of A. platensis, two populations living in sympatry (Cambará and Batú rivers) and one allopatric population from Fiuza River were used. The technique of AFLP was applied to 120 individuals (20 from each population) revealing a high genetic variability for all populations and no relationship between sympatry and level of genetic diversity was found in A. platensis. A high population structuring was observed among populations, which is probably due to the distance among populations and to the low dispersion capability in aeglids. Results from the COI mitochondrial data and from the AFLP nuclear data presented some incongruence when compared, since using AFLP all the A. platensis populations and also the other species were separated through Bayesian analysis and UPGMA, but the same was not found for COI data. The incongruence between mitochondrial and nuclear data reinforces the idea that some A. grisella sequences are in fact nuclear pseudogenes co-amplified in PCR, due to the utilization of degenerated universal primers.<br>Simpatria é caracterizada pela existência de duas ou mais espécies filogeneticamente próximas ocupando um mesmo nicho ecológico. Este evento já foi registrado em espécies de caranguejos do gênero Aegla no Brasil, sendo estes registros realizados apenas entre duas espécies e utilizando para isto, apenas características morfológicas. Para Aegla, assim como na maioria dos crustáceos, existem poucos estudos destinados a avaliar se há alguma relação entre a simpatria e a diversidade genética das populações que vivem em tal associação. Neste estudo, além de ser apresentado mais um registro de simpatria entre duas espécies de eglídeos para o Brasil, sendo estas Aegla platensis e Aegla spinipalma ocorrendo no Rio Batú, também é apresentada ocorrência de simpatria entre três espécies, sendo estas A. platensis, Aegla sp. (em preparação) e Aegla grisella ocorrendo no Rio Cambará. Para verificar a existência de simpatria nos pontos de amostragem, além das características morfológicas utilizadas para a identificação dos indivíduos, foi realizada a técnica de DNA Barcoding com um fragmento de 207 pb do gene COI, amplificado em 22 indivíduos e a partir dessas sequências foram obtidos os valores de distâncias interespecífica, intra e interpopulacional através do modelo de distância p. A constatação da existência de simpatria entre duas espécies no Rio Batú foi verificada tanto pelos dados morfológicos quanto para os dados moleculares, porém para as espécies do rio Cambará os dados mitocondriais não foram totalmente congruentes com os morfológicos, pois algumas sequências de A. grisella agruparam com sequências de indivíduos de outras espécies e apresentaram baixos valores de distância interespecífica. Entretanto, estas sequências provavelmente são pseudo-genes nucleares e quando retiradas das análises permitiram a identificação de três espécies simpátricas no Rio Cambará. A fim de avaliar se existe alguma relação entre a simpatria e a diversidade genética de A. platensis foram utilizadas duas populações simpátricas desta espécie (Rios Cambará e Batú) e uma população alopátrica, oriunda do Rio Fiúza. A técnica de AFLP foi utilizada em 120 indivíduos (20 de cada população), onde constatou-se a existência de uma alta variabilidade genética em todas as populações, não tendo sido encontrada relação entre a simpatria e o nível de diversidade genética em A. platensis. Uma alta estruturação genética observada entre as populações, que provavelmente está associada à distância entre elas e à baixa capacidade de dispersão dos eglídeos. Os resultados do marcador mitocondrial COI e do marcador nuclear AFLP apresentaram algumas incongruências, quando comparados, visto que usando AFLP todas as populações de A. platensis e das demais espécies foram separadas por meio de análise Bayesiana e UPGMA, o mesmo não ocorrendo para o COI. A incongruência entre os dados nucleares e mitocondriais reforça a ideia de que algumas sequências de A. grisella são na verdade pseudo-genes nucleares coamplificados com o gene COI, devido à utilização de primers universais degenerados na PCR.
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Books on the topic "P-distances"

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Bhadauria, Y. S. Improved location of Andaman-Nicobar and Sumatra earthquakes using new S-P time and distance relation derived from Gauribidanur array data. Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, 2007.

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Lyden. Distance Running P/C. Skyhorse Publishing Company, Incorporated, 2000.

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Peterson, Martin. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190652265.003.0001.

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The aim of this chapter is to introduce five moral principles that are necessary and jointly sufficient for analyzing ethical issues related to new and existing technologies. The five principles are not entirely new; it is primarily the method for articulating the principles that is novel. It is argued that geometric concepts such as points, distances, and lines can be used for construing moral principles as abstract regions in a multidimensional space, as well as for balancing conflicting principles against each other. The point of departure for the geometric approach is the following generalization of Aristotle’s observation that we ought to treat like cases alike: The more similar a pair of cases are, the more reason do we have to treat the cases alike. Therefore, if two cases x and y are fully similar in all morally relevant aspects, and if principle p applies to x, then p applies to y; and if some case x is more similar to y than to z, and p applies to x, then the reason to apply p to y is stronger than the reason to apply p to z. A strength of the geometric method is that it enables ethicists to clarify discussions of moral principles in ways that have previously been beyond the limits of the discipline.
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Deruelle, Nathalie, and Jean-Philippe Uzan. Dynamics of massive systems. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786399.003.0006.

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This chapter presents the laws of motion of an ensemble of point masses forming a solid body whose shape is invariant, or a fluid whose shape can vary with time. It argues that an ensemble of point masses constitutes a solid if the distances between the points can be assumed constant. The chapter then provides examples of the motions of a solid. Finally, it demonstrates the Euler equations of fluid motion. Here, it states that a perfect fluid is characterized by its (inertial) mass density ρ‎(t, xⁱ), its pressure p(t, xⁱ) which phenomenologically describes its internal collisions, and a velocity field v(t, xⁱ) giving its velocity at xⁱ at time t.
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Lilwall, R. C. Empirical Amplitude-distance/depth Curves for Short-period P Waves in the Distance Range 20 to 180p. Atomic Weapons Establishment, 1987.

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By: Distance Og Detalje - Arkitekturgalleriet 14. L. Autrup, P. Bertram, N. Gronbaek, J. Lykkegaard. Dansk Arkitekturcenter, 1999.

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Aquino-Sterling, Cristian R., Belinda Bustos Flores, and Mileidis Gort. Innovative Curricular and Pedagogical Designs in Bilingual Teacher Education: Bridging the Distance with P-12 Contexts. Information Age Publishing, 2022.

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Hamilton, Bruce. Running injuries. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199533909.003.0041.

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Nothing in life was worth very much that did not entail some risk. So do not be afraid of strains and sprains, aches and pains.Percy Wells CeruttySchoolboy Athletics, p.115, c.1966Distance running is an extremely popular activity with many thousands of runners competing in major city marathons as well as weekly club running events. Most of these runners are not competitive in any given race, but will have their own goals and reasons for participating. As with other forms of exercise, running has significant health and social benefits, and the prevention of injury and thus maintenance of participation should be a key goal for any practitioner. While there has been some variance in the literature in defining what exactly a distance runner is, there is agreement that individuals who run on a regular basis are susceptible to overuse injuries. Up to 70% of competitive distance runners may be injured during any single year, although even this may be an underestimate because of the use of different injury definitions and study limitations (...
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McDonald, Peter D. Against State Literacy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198725152.003.0007.

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Seen in the context of UNESCO’s analysis of apartheid education and its long-running debates about indigenous knowledge, this chapter reflects on J. M. Coetzee’s critical relations with the traditions of the European novel, whether in its ‘realist’ or in its ‘modernist’ modes. It begins by examining the school edition of F. A. Venter’s Swart Pelgrim (1958), arguably the most prescribed novel of the apartheid era, which included a curiously high-minded supplementary essay by the leading Afrikaans literary critic A. P. Grové who also happened to be an influential censor. Through detailed readings of Life &amp; Times of Michael K (1983) and Foe (1986), it then shows how Coetzee sought to distance himself and his ideal reader from the European novel, taking issue with its representational powers, its claims to knowledge, and its apparent cultural mobility.
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Publications, Myfitness. Princess: Blank Daily Fitness Workout Log Book - Track Exercise Type, Sets, Reps, Weight, Cardio, Calories, Distance & Time - Space to Record Stretches, Warmup, Cooldown & Water Intake - Custom Personalized First Name Initial P Cover. Independently Published, 2019.

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Book chapters on the topic "P-distances"

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wunder, june, Arthur Azevedo de Amorim, Patrick Baillot, and Marco Gaboardi. "Bunched Fuzz: Sensitivity for Vector Metrics." In Programming Languages and Systems. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30044-8_17.

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AbstractProgram sensitivity measures the distance between the outputs of a program when run on two related inputs. This notion, which plays a key role in areas such as data privacy and optimization, has been the focus of several program analysis techniques introduced in recent years. Among the most successful ones, we can highlight type systems inspired by linear logic, as pioneered by Reed and Pierce in the Fuzz programming language. In Fuzz, each type is equipped with its own distance, and sensitivity analysis boils down to type checking. In particular, Fuzz features two product types, corresponding to two different notions of distance: the tensor product combines the distances of each component by adding them, while the with product takes their maximum.In this work, we show that these products can be generalized to arbitrary $$L^p$$ L p distances, metrics that are often used in privacy and optimization. The original Fuzz products, tensor and with, correspond to the special cases $$L^1$$ L 1 and $$L^\infty $$ L ∞ . To ease the handling of such products, we extend the Fuzz type system with bunches—as in the logic of bunched implications—where the distances of different groups of variables can be combined using different $$L^p$$ L p distances. We show that our extension can be used to reason about quantitative properties of probabilistic programs.
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Mathar, Rudolf. "Multidimensional Scaling with ℓ p -Distances, a Unifying Approach." In Studies in Classification, Data Analysis, and Knowledge Organization. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-46808-7_29.

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Janacek, Jaroslav, and Marek Kvet. "Relevant Network Distances for Approximate Approach to Large p-Median Problems." In Operations Research Proceedings. Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00795-3_18.

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Loudahi, Mehena, John Klein, Jean-Marc Vannobel, and Olivier Colot. "Fast Computation of L p Norm-Based Specialization Distances between Bodies of Evidence." In Belief Functions: Theory and Applications. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11191-9_46.

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Rekalo, M. P., G. I. Gakh, and A. P. Rekalo. "Dibaryon Resonances in e− + d → e− + n + p and the Deuteron Wave Function Structure at Short Distances." In High Energy Spin Physics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-86995-2_71.

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Tsurutani, B. T., A. L. Brinca, E. J. Smith, et al. "MHD waves detected by ICE at distances ≥ 28 106 km from comet P/Halley: Cometary or solar wind origin?" In Exploration of Halley’s Comet. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82971-0_17.

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Lv, Cui, Gang Zhou, Jinzhen Wang, Ming He, Jihao Wu, and Linghui Gong. "Design Method of the Hydrogen Liquefaction Process with Catalyst-Filled Heat Exchanger Model." In Proceedings of the 10th Hydrogen Technology Convention, Volume 1. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8631-6_15.

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AbstractHydrogen liquefaction is a crucial process in the liquid hydrogen industry, and the use of liquid hydrogen is becoming increasingly important for storing and transporting hydrogen over long distances. Hydrogen has two spin isomers, that is ortho and para hydrogen. One of the challenges in this process is the conversion of ortho to para hydrogen in the heat exchanger. As the conversion process releases heat and is a spontaneous behavior, it is important to ensure that the content of para hydrogen in the final product is at least 95%. Unfortunately, there are currently no known commercial models that contain catalyst-filled heat exchangers for converting ortho hydrogen to para hydrogen. In this paper, Aspen Hysys is used to construct a new design method for hydrogen liquefier with O-P hydrogen conversion heat exchanger. Using this model, one 5 ton per day hydrogen liquefier is designed, and the key parameters of the process are obtained, which will provide a new method for the design of hydrogen liquefaction process in the future.
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Georgiev, Svetlin G., Khaled Zennir, and Aissa Boukarou. "The Multiplicative Distance Geometry on P ⋆ 2." In Multiplicative Analytic Geometry. Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003325284-7.

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Lenz, Oliver Urs, and Chris Cornelis. "Classifying Token Frequencies Using Angular Minkowski p-Distance." In Rough Sets. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50959-9_28.

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Meyer, Renate. "An Eigenvector Algorithm to Fit l p -Distance Matrices." In New Approaches in Classification and Data Analysis. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-51175-2_58.

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Conference papers on the topic "P-distances"

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Wang, Jian, Chengsong Duan, and Cheng Yang. "Validation and Analysis of the ITU-R P.684 Method in Medium to Long Distances Situations." In 2024 IEEE MTT-S International Wireless Symposium (IWS). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iws61525.2024.10713779.

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Bashar, Khayrul, Hirokazu Suehiro, Norihiko Yatabe, et al. "Estimation of Grout Filling Degree in Prestressed Concrete Structures using Acceleration Signals with Autoencoder Model." In IABSE Symposium, Tokyo 2025: Environmentally Friendly Technologies and Structures: Focusing on Sustainable Approaches. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2025. https://doi.org/10.2749/tokyo.2025.0720.

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&lt;p&gt;Grout can contribute to the overall safety and durability of prestressed concrete bridges. However, confirming the grout filling status is quite challenging. In this study, we propose a new method to estimate the degree of grout filling in bridges using accelerometer data with autoencoder model. After preprocessing, acceleration signals are first decomposed by Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). Wavelet full-signal statistics (WFSS48) and sub-signal statistics (WSSS720) are then extracted from each signal and applied them to location-specific models. We construct three datasets d100, d50, and d0 for 100%, 50%, and 0% grout filling to specimens and train a model at each of 33 conditions using the training part of data100. Three error distances are calculated using the trained model with reference parts of datasets and an equation is defined to calculate grout%. An experiment with 990 samples at seven locations showed promising results of our method.&lt;/p&gt;
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Novikov, Mikhail, Artem Krylov, and Konstantin Roginskiy. "RECEIVER FUNCTIONS APPLICATION FOR STUDYING THE DEEP STRUCTURE OF THE LENA DELTA REGION." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 24. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/1.1/s05.64.

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Receiver function analysis is a critical tool in seismology, used to study the deep structure of the crust and upper mantle. Information about the deep structure of the crust and seismicity is important initial data for developing a source model and seismic hazard assessment. The presence of sharp discontinuities beneath the monitoring station induces the generation of converted body waves, which propagate at slower velocities than those of the primary P-wave. Receiver function analysis utilizes the lag between the arrival times of converted waves to estimate the depths of interfaces. Furthermore, by using various inversion algorithms, including receiver function inversion and surface wave group velocity inversion, a shear wave velocity model under the station can be inferred. This study seeks to examine the depth-velocity structure of the Lena Delta by analyzing receiver functions and surface-wave data. Receiver function analysis was performed using waveforms from the TIXI station, a component of the Yakutsk Regional Seismic Network of the Russian Federation. For the analysis, 245 large earthquakes (Ml &gt; 7) occurring between 2000 and 2024, and located at distances ranging from 20� to 100� from the station, were initially selected. The iterative deconvolution was then used to obtain radial and transverse receiver functions. Three different inversion algorithms were used to attain the velocity model: receiver function inversion (rftn96), Rayleigh group wave velocity inversion (surf96), and joint inversion (joint96). A wide peak lasting from 3 to 5 seconds after the initial P-wave arrival and a sharp peak at 7.5 seconds were observed on the radial receiver function. The presence of two distinct peaks complicates the application of conventional H-k stacking analysis, which assumes a single discontinuity. Rayleigh wave group velocity inversion only showed one sharp increase in shear wave velocity at 15 km, while both receiver function inversion and joint inversion showed step-like increases at 15, 30, and 40 km, which indicates the presence of layer boundaries at these depths. The obtained values are consistent with existing data on the region, including deep seismic sounding profiles and crustal models. Previous research, along with the findings of this study, indicates that 15 km is most likely the boundary between the upper and the lower crust, 30 km is a transition to the anomalous mantle, and 40 km is the Moho boundary.
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Rivera, José Antonio Menjivar, and Alicia María Reyes-Duke. "Convolutional Neural Network for the Detection of Cocoa Maturity with an Approach for the Analysis of Images Captured at Different Distances." In I Conferencia Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-jm3tgd.

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This study presents an approach to improve cocoa harvesting using image recognition technology. Convolutional neural networks (CNN) along with the help of the Roboflow platform were used to analyze images of cocoa fruits and determine their maturity stage in an uncontrolled environment. The study focused mainly on the effectiveness of taking pictures at different distances, dividing the images into three categories (0.10m-0.30m, 0.30m-1.00m and 1.00m-3.00m) each trained with 400 images in order to evaluate the performance of each one in terms of its mAP, precision and recall. Subsequently, a fourth neural network was developed using all the data collected, with a total of 1,200 images used for training, among which 3,255 unripe cocoa fruits and 2,555 ripe cocoa fruits were found. The results obtained were a mAP of 92.3%, accuracy of 91.6% and recall of 85.1%, demonstrating the high accuracy of the model in the classification of cocoa fruits. This neural network has the potential to improve the quality of the final product by accurately determining the state of maturity of the cocoa, which is essential for the industry.
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Ishibashi, Hiroki, Takuya Hashimoto, Haruhisa Ishigami, Ichiro Iwaki, and Nobuhiro Jinnai. "Social Impact Assessment of Bridges Based on Detour Simulation Using Virtual Person Trip Data." In IABSE Symposium, Tokyo 2025: Environmentally Friendly Technologies and Structures: Focusing on Sustainable Approaches. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2025. https://doi.org/10.2749/tokyo.2025.3094.

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&lt;p&gt;This paper proposes a methodology for assessing the potential social impact of bridge closures using privacy-protected virtual person trip data. The increases in travel distance and time and CO2 emissions due to detours of individual agents are calculated by performing a path search for each trip using the Dijkstra algorithm on the road network modeled with graph theory assuming the closure of the analyzed bridges. The potential social impact of bridges is quantified as the economic loss estimated based on the increases in travel distance and time and CO2 emissions. As an illustrative example, the potential social impacts of the bridges located in the Tohoku region of Japan are evaluated. The estimation results demonstrate that even bridges with relatively low traffic volume can cause significant economic loss when closed to traffic. The proposed methodology contributes to the prioritization of bridge management strategies.&lt;/p&gt;
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Selmy, Hossam, and Andrea Carena. "Nonlinear Interference Mitigation in Coupled Core Multi-Core Fiber using Subcarrier Multiplexing." In CLEO: Applications and Technology. Optica Publishing Group, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_at.2024.jtu2a.95.

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Nonlinear interference (NLI) is a performance limiting factor for long-haul transmission in coupled-core multi-core fiber ( CC-MCF). We p ropose t o u se subcarrier multiplexing (SCM) technique to reduce the amount of generated NLI increasing the maximum reachable distance.
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Wang, Yan, Lirong Wang, Xiaohe Chen, and Wenliang Zhu. "P Wave Detection and Delineation Based on Distances Transform." In 2016 IEEE Trustcom/BigDataSE/I​SPA. IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/trustcom.2016.0338.

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Liu, Amber, Binshuai Wang, and Peng Wei. "Identifying Similar Weather Patterns Using Modified p-Wasserstein Distances." In AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2025. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-1754.

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Yao, Jiaxu, Jin Xu, Ke Zhang, Jiang Lei, and Lesley M. Wright. "Interaction of Flow and Film-Cooling Effectiveness Between Double-Jet Film-Cooling Holes With Various Spanwise Distances." In ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2017-63740.

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The interaction of flow and film-cooling effectiveness between jets of double-jet film-cooling (DJFC) holes on a flat plate is studied experimentally. The time-averaged secondary flow field in several axial positions (X/d = −2.0, 1.0, and 5.0) is obtained through a seven-hole probe. The downstream film-cooling effectiveness on the flat plate is achieved by Pressure Sensitive Paint (PSP). The inclination angle (θ) of all holes is 35°, and the compound angle (β) is ±45°. Effects of spanwise distance (p = 0, 0.5d, 1.0d, 1.5d, 2.0d) between the two interacting jets of DJFC holes are studied while streamwise distance (s) is kept as 3d. The blowing ratio (M) varies as 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0. The density ratio (DR) is maintained at 1.0. Results show that the interaction between two jets of DJFC holes has different effects for different spanwise distance. For a small spanwise distance (p/d = 0), the interaction between jets presents a pressing effect. The downstream jet is pressed down and kept attached to the surface by the upstream one. The effectiveness is not sensitive to blowing ratios. For mid spanwise distances (p/d = 0.5 and 1.0), the anti-kidney vortex pair dominates the interaction, and pushes both of the jets down, thus leads to better coolant coverage and higher effectiveness. As spanwise distance becomes larger (p/d≥1.5), the pressing effect almost disappears, and the anti-kidney vortex pair effect is weaker. The jets separate from each other and the coolant coverage decreases. At higher blowing ratio, the interaction between the two jets of DJFC holes moves more downstream.
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Abdo, Omer, and Muhsin Hancer. "Nonlinear P Type Controller Applied on Lateral Longitudinal Distances Control for Autonomous Formation Flight." In AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-1383.

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Reports on the topic "P-distances"

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Koper, Keith D., and Ali Fatehi. Model P Wave Multipathing at Regional Distances in Southeast Asia. Defense Technical Information Center, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada493820.

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Chapman, Martin C., Shaosong Huang, and J. A. Snoke. Single-Station Backazimuth Estimation from P- and Rg-Waves at Regional Distance in the Central Appalachians. Defense Technical Information Center, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada278569.

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Goetsch, Arthur L., Yoav Aharoni, Arieh Brosh, et al. Energy Expenditure for Activity in Free Ranging Ruminants: A Nutritional Frontier. United States Department of Agriculture, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7696529.bard.

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Heat production (HP) or energy expenditure for activity (EEa) is of fundamental nutritional importance for livestock because it determines the proportion of ingested nutrients available for productive functions. Previous estimates of EEa are unreliable and vary widely with different indirect methodologies. This leads to erroneous nutritional strategies, especially when intake on pasture does not meet nutritional requirements and supplementation is necessary for acceptable production. Therefore, the objective of this project was to measure EEa in different classes of livestock (beef cattle and goats) over a wide range of ecological and management conditions to develop and evaluate simple means of prediction. In the first study in Israel, small frame (SF) and large frame (LF) cows (268 and 581 kg) were monitored during spring, summer, and autumn. Feed intake by SF cows per unit of metabolic weight was greater (P &lt; 0.001) than that by LF cows in both spring and summer and their apparent selection of higher quality herbage in spring was greater (P &lt; 0.10) than that of LF cows. SF cows grazed more hours per day and walked longer distances than the LF cows during all seasons. The coefficient of specific costs of activities (kJ•kg BW-0.75•d-1) and of locomotion (J•kg BW-0.75•m-1) were smaller for the SF cows. In the second study, cows were monitored in March, May, and September when they grazed relatively large plots, 135 and 78 ha. Energy cost coefficients of standing, grazing, and horizontal locomotion derived were similar to those of the previous study based on data from smaller plots. However, the energy costs of walking idle and of vertical locomotion were greater than those found by Brosh et al. (2006) but similar to those found by Aharoni et al. (2009). In the third study, cows were monitored in February and May in a 78-ha plot with an average slope of 15.5°, whereas average plot slopes of the former studies ranged between 4.3 and 6.9°. Energy cost coefficients of standing, grazing, and walking idle were greater than those calculated in the previous studies. However, the estimated energy costs of locomotion were lower in the steeper plot. A comparison on a similar HP basis, i.e., similar metabolizable energy (ME) intake, shows that the daily energy spent on activities in relation to daily HP increased by 27% as the average plot slope increased from 5.8 and 6.02 to 15.5°. In the fourth study, cows grazing in a woodland habitat were monitored as in previous studies in December, March, and July. Data analysis is in progress. In the first US experiment, Boer and Spanish does with two kids were used in an experiment beginning in late spring at an average of 24 days after kidding. Two does of each breed resided in eight 0.5-ha grass/forb pastures. Periods of 56, 60, 63, 64, and 73 days in length corresponded to mid-lactation, early post-weaning, the late dry period, early gestation, and mid-gestation. EEa expressed as a percentage of the ME requirement for maintenance plus activity in confinement (EEa%) was not influenced by stocking rate, breed, or period, averaging 49%. Behavioral activities (e.g., time spent grazing, walking, and idle, distance traveled) were not highly related to EEa%, although no-intercept regressions against time spent grazing/eating and grazing/eating plus walking indicated an increase in EEa% of 5.8 and 5.1%/h, respectively. In the second study, animal types were yearling Angora doeling goats, yearling Boer wether goats, yearling Spanish wether goats, and Rambouilletwether sheep slightly more than 2 yr of age. Two animals of each type were randomly allocated to one of four pastures 9.3, 12.3, 4.6, and 1.2 ha in area. The experiment was conducted in the summer with three periods, 30, 26, and 26 days in length. EEa% was affected by an interaction between animal type and period (Angora: 16, 17, and 15; Boer: 60, 67, and 34; Spanish: 46, 62, and 42; sheep: 22, 12, and 22% in periods 1, 2, and 3, respectively (SE = 6.1)). EEa% of goats was predicted with moderate accuracy (R2 = 0.40-0.41) and without bias from estimates of 5.8 and 5.1%/h spent grazing/eating and grazing/eating plus walking, respectively, determined in the first experiment; however, these methods were not suitable for sheep. These methods of prediction are simpler and more accurate than currently recommended for goats by the National Research Council.
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ทัศนาขจร, อัญชลี. การศึกษาความแตกต่างแปรผันทางพันธุกรรมในประชากรกุ้งกุลาดำ โดยการตรวจลายพิมพ์ดีเอ็นเอ ด้วยตัวตรวจสอบที่มีลำดับเบสซ้ำแบบง่าย : รายงานวิจัยฉบับสมบูรณ์. จุฬาลงกรณ์์มหาวิทยาลัย, 1997. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.1997.19.

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ในการศึกษาความแตกต่างแปรผันทางพันธุกรรมในประชากรกุ้งกุลาดำ ได้ทดสอบวิธีการตรวจลายพิมพ์ดีเอ็นเอในกุ้งกุลาดำและได้เลือก 2 วิธี เพื่อใช้ในการศึกษาความแตกต่างแปรผันทางพันธุกรรม คือ 1. การตรวจลายพิมพ์ดีเอ็นเอ โดยเทคนิค RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA analysis) และ 2. การตรวจความแปรผันของ microsatellites DNA ในการศึกษานี้ได้เก็บตัวอย่างกุ้งจากแหล่งที่นิยมใช้เป็นพ่อ-แม่พันธุ์ในการเพาะเลี้ยงกุ้ง จำนวน 5 แหล่ง โดยเก็บตัวอย่างจากทะเลอันดามัน 3 แหล่ง ได้แก่ กุ้งบริเวณ จ. สตูล-ตรัง กุ้งจากจ. พังงา และกุ้งจากเมดาน ประเทศอินโดนีเซีย และเก็บตัวอย่างกุ้งจากฝั่งอ่าวไทย 2 แหล่ง ได้แก่ กุ้งจาก จ. ตราด และ จาก จ. ชุมพร โดยแต่ละวิธีได้ผลโดยสรุปได้ดังนี้ การตรวจลายพิมพ์ดีเอ็นเอ โดยเทคนิค RAPD จากการวิเคราะห์ RAPD patterns ของกุ้งทั้ง 5 กลุ่ม พบว่ามีจำนวนแถบดีเอ็นเอที่เกิดจาก RAPD primers ทั้ง 7 ตัว รวม 80 แถบ ซึ่งมีขนาดอยู่ในช่วง 200-2000 คู่เบส เมื่อคำนวณค่าเปอร์เซ็นต์ความหลากหลายของแถบดีเอ็นเอ (%polymorphic bands) ในกุ้งแต่ละกลุ่มพบว่ามีค่าใกล้เคียงกันอยู่ในช่วง 51.5-57.7 % ค่า similarity index ภายในกลุ่มประชากรอยู่ในช่วง 0.86-0.89 โดยตัวอย่างกุ้งจากพังงามีค่า similarity ภายในกลุ่มประชากรสูงสุด จากค่า similarlity index ระหว่างกลุ่มประชากร เมื่อนำมาคำนวณค่า genetic distance และสร้าง dendrogram พบว่าตัวอย่างกุ้งกุลาดำจากเมดานมีลักษณะทางพันธุกรรมแตกต่างจากกุ้งของประเทศไทย (Dij=14.976%) และภายในกลุ่มตัวอย่างของกุ้งจากประเทศไทยด้วยกัน สามารถแยกกุ้งสตูล-ตรังออกจากกลุ่มตัวอย่างที่เหลือ (Dij=2.632%) ลายพิมพ์ดีเอ็นเอจากตัวอย่างกุ้งทั้ง 5 กลุ่ม มีลักษณะที่แตกต่างกันทั้งสิ้น 252 แบบ เมื่อนำมาวิเคราะห์ความแตกต่างโดยใช้ไคสแคว์ (chi-square analysis) และเปรียบเทียบระหว่างตัวอย่างกุ้งจากเมดานกับกลุ่มตัวอย่างของประเทศไทย และระหว่างกลุ่มตัวอย่างของประเทศไทยจากทะเลอันดามันและอ่าวไทย พบว่ามีความแตกต่างกันอย่างมีนัยสำคัญ (P&lt;0.0001 และ P=0.0000-0.0387 ตามลำดับ) การตรวจความแปรผันของ microsatellites DNA สามารถแยก microsatellite clones จาก partial genomic library ของกุ้งกุลาดำได้ และจากการหาลำดับนิวคลิโอไทด์ของ microsatellite clones พบว่ามีลำดับชั้นแบสซ้ำเป็นแบบ (GT)n จำนวน 97 clones, (CT)n จำนวน 16 clones และเป็น microsatellites ชนิด perfect,imperfect และ compound ในสัดส่วน 24, 53 และ 23% ตามลำดับ แสดงว่า microsatellites ในกุ้งกุลาดำส่วนใหญ่เป็นชนิด imperfect นอกจากนี้ยังพบว่าจำนวน repeat ในแต่ละ clone มีความยาวตั้งแต่ 6 repeats จนถึงมากกว่า 100 repeats โดยจำนวน repeat ที่พบมากที่สุดอยู่ในช่วง 30-35 repeats จากลำดับนิวคลีโอไทด์บริเวณ flanking regions ของ microsatellite clones นำมาออกแบบ PCR primers เพื่อตรวจหาความแปรผันของ microsatellite loci พบว่ามี 4 loci ที่ให้ PCR product ตามที่คาดไว้ และสามารถ score allele ได้ คือ CUPmo 18, CUPmo386, CUPmo131 และ CUPmo195 เมื่อทำการทดสอบความแปรผันของ microsatellite loci เหล่านี้ โดยนำไปตรวจตัวอย่างกุ้งธรรมชาติ พบว่าทุก loci มีความแปรผันสูง คือ มีจำนวน alleles ที่พบในแต่ละ locus อยู่ในช่วง 14-28 alleles เมื่อนำไปตรวจความแปรผันทางพันธุกรรมในตัวอย่างกุ้ง 4 กลุ่ม คือสตูล ตรัง พังงา และชุมพร โดยการตรวจความแปรผันที่ตำแหน่ง CUPmo18 locus พบว่ากุ้งจากทะเลอันดามัน คือ สตูล ตรัง และพังงา มีความแตกต่างอย่างมีนัยสำคัญ (P&lt;0.05) กับกุ้งจากอ่าวไทย คือ กุ้งชุมพร
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5

Larsson, Madeleine, Karin Tonderski, Genevieve Metson, and Nils-Hassan Quttineh. Towards a more circular biobased economy and nutrient use on Gotland: finding suitable locations for biogas plants. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/report.diva-194234.

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In this study we have investigated the role of biogas solutions to support increased resource efficiency on the island Gotland, including recovery and redistribution of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) within the agricultural sector. First, we analyzed the potential for expanding energy and nutrient recovery from organic residues using biogas solutions. Our findings suggest that the biogas production could expand to 165 GWh, from the current 36 GWh (2020), with manure accounting for a potential 110 GWh biogas annually if all were digested. Comparing the nutrients contained in organic feedstock with the crop nutrient demand on Gotland showed that for N the demand is 2.4 times higher than the supply. In contrast, the calculations showed a 137 tonnes P surplus, with distinct excess areas in the center and southern part of the island. We then compared scenarios with different numbers (3 - 15) of biogas plants with respect to efficient nutrient redistribution and transport costs. Spatial constraints for new plants, e.g. need for roads with a certain capacity and permit issues, were accounted for by adding local information to a national data set. We identified 104 potential locations (1 km$^2$ grid cells) and used an optimization model to identify the most suitable locations for minimized transport costs. Optimal (meeting the crop demand with no excess) redistribution of all nutrients contained in the feedstock, as raw digestate from biogas plants, would result in an export of 127 tonnes of P from the island. The model results indicated that if all potential feedstock would be digested in three additional biogas plants and nutrients redistributed for optimal reuse, the total transport cost would be 2.6 million SEK annually, excluding the costs for nutrient export from the island (3.7 million SEK). If instead 10 or 15 smaller plants would be built, the transport cost would drop to 1.8 million SEK, with the same amount of P being exported. Comparing the scenarios with different number of biogas plants (3 - 15), showed that some locations are more suitable than others in terms of distance to feedstock and to fields with fertilizer demands. Finally, a preliminary analysis of the amount of crop residues indicated that this type of feedstock could add a substantial amount of biogas production, but more extensive analyses are needed to assess the feasibility to realize part of that potential.
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6

Alwan, Iktimal, Dennis D. Spencer, and Rafeed Alkawadri. Comparison of Machine Learning Algorithms in Sensorimotor Functional Mapping. Progress in Neurobiology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.60124/j.pneuro.2023.30.03.

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Objective: To compare the performance of popular machine learning algorithms (ML) in mapping the sensorimotor cortex (SM) and identifying the anterior lip of the central sulcus (CS). Methods: We evaluated support vector machines (SVMs), random forest (RF), decision trees (DT), single layer perceptron (SLP), and multilayer perceptron (MLP) against standard logistic regression (LR) to identify the SM cortex employing validated features from six-minute of NREM sleep icEEG data and applying standard common hyperparameters and 10-fold cross-validation. Each algorithm was tested using vetted features based on the statistical significance of classical univariate analysis (p&lt;0.05) and extended () 17 features representing power/coherence of different frequency bands, entropy, and interelectrode-based distance. The analysis was performed before and after weight adjustment for imbalanced data (w). Results: 7 subjects and 376 contacts were included. Before optimization, ML algorithms performed comparably employing conventional features (median CS accuracy: 0.89, IQR [0.88-0.9]). After optimization, neural networks outperformed others in means of accuracy (MLP: 0.86), the area under the curve (AUC) (SLPw, MLPw, MLP: 0.91), recall (SLPw: 0.82, MLPw: 0.81), precision (SLPw: 0.84), and F1-scores (SLPw: 0.82). SVM achieved the best specificity performance. Extending the number of features and adjusting the weights improved recall, precision, and F1-scores by 48.27%, 27.15%, and 39.15%, respectively, with gains or no significant losses in specificity and AUC across CS and Function (correlation r=0.71 between the two clinical scenarios in all performance metrics, p&lt;0.001). Interpretation: Computational passive sensorimotor mapping is feasible and reliable. Feature extension and weight adjustments improve the performance and counterbalance the accuracy paradox. Optimized neural networks outperform other ML algorithms even in binary classification tasks. The best-performing models and the MATLAB® routine employed in signal processing are available to the public at (Link 1).
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7

Roschelle, Jeremy, Britte Haugan Cheng, Nicola Hodkowski, Julie Neisler, and Lina Haldar. Evaluation of an Online Tutoring Program in Elementary Mathematics. Digital Promise, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.51388/20.500.12265/94.

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Many students struggle with mathematics in late elementary school, particularly on the topic of fractions. In a best evidence syntheses of research on increasing achievement in elementary school mathematics, Pelligrini et al. (2018) highlighted tutoring as a way to help students. Online tutoring is attractive because costs may be lower and logistics easier than with face-to-face tutoring. Cignition developed an approach that combines online 1:1 tutoring with a fractions game, called FogStone Isle. The game provides students with additional learning opportunities and provides tutors with information that they can use to plan tutoring sessions. A randomized controlled trial investigated the research question: Do students who participate in online tutoring and a related mathematical game learn more about fractions than students who only have access to the game? Participants were 144 students from four schools, all serving low-income students with low prior mathematics achievement. In the Treatment condition, students received 20-25 minute tutoring sessions twice per week for an average of 18 sessions and also played the FogStone Isle game. In the Control condition, students had access to the game, but did not play it often. Control students did not receive tutoring. Students were randomly assigned to condition after being matched on pre-test scores. The same diagnostic assessment was used as a pre-test and as a post-test. The planned analysis looked for differences in gain scores ( post-test minus pre-test scores) between conditions. We conducted a t-test on the aggregate gain scores, comparing conditions; the results were statistically significant (t = 4.0545, df = 132.66, p-value &lt; .001). To determine an effect size, we treated each site as a study in a meta-analysis. Using gain scores, the effect size was g=+.66. A more sophisticated treatment of the pooled standard deviation resulted in a corrected effect size of g=.46 with a 95% confidence interval of [+.23,+.70]. Students who received online tutoring and played the related Fog Stone Isle game learned more; our research found the approach to be efficacious. The Pelligrini et al. (2018) meta-analysis of elementary math tutoring programs found g = .26 and was based largely on face-to-face tutoring studies. Thus, this study compares favorably to prior research on face-to-face mathematics tutoring with elementary students. Limitations are discussed; in particular, this is an initial study of an intervention under development. Effects could increase or decrease as development continues and the program scales. Although this study was planned long before the current pandemic, results are particularly timely now that many students are at home under shelter-in-place orders due to COVID-19. The approach taken here is feasible for students at home, with tutors supporting them from a distance. It is also feasible in many other situations where equity could be addressed directly by supporting students via online tutors.
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