Relevant bibliographies by topics / P-group

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'P-group'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "P-group"

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Dirik, Deniz, and Ahmet Ufuk Komuroglu. "The effect of different doeses of aspirin application on oxidative stress in ovarian tissue." Medical Science and Discovery 8, no. 8 (August 16, 2021): 475–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.36472/msd.v8i8.585.

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Objective: Aspirin is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with antioxidative properties. It is recommended to use different doses and durations according to the characteristics of the patient and the type of disease. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of using aspirin at different doses and for different durations on oxidative stress in ovarian tissue.
 Material and Methods: Female Wistar albino rats were divided into five groups. Group 1: control group, no special treatment was applied to the rats in this group. Group 2: 1 mg/kg aspirin was administered orally to the rats in this group every day for 28 days. Group 3: 3 mg/kg aspirin was administered orally to rats in this group every three days. Ggroup 4: 5 mg/kg aspirin was administered orally to rats in this group every five days. Group 5: 7 mg/kg aspirin was administered orally to the rats in this group once a week. After fasting overnight following the last application, the rats were sacrificed, and their ovarian tissues were collected. Malondialdehyde, catalase, total thiol group, and AOPP levels were studied from ovarian tissue.
 Results: Group4 and group5 ovarian tissue MDA levels were found to be significantly higher than the other groups (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between group1, group2 and group3 ovarian tissue MDA levels (p>0.05). Group1 (control group) ovarian tissue AOPP level was found to be significantly lower than all aspirin-administered groups (p<0.05). Group2 ovarian tissue AOPP level was found to be significantly lower than group3, group4 and group5 (p<0.05). TSG level was found to be significantly higher in group 5 when compared to other groups (p0<0.05). Group4 ovarian tissue TSG level was found to be significantly higher when compared to group1, group2 and group3 (p<0.05). Group3 and group4 ovarian tissue CAT activity was found to be significantly higher than group1, group2 and group5 (p<0.05). When group1, group2 and group5 ovarian tissue CAT activities were compared, no significant difference was found (p>0.05).
 Conclusion: The application of aspirin at certain intervals rather than daily application may have more positive effects on the antioxidant system. especially taking aspirin at intervals of 3 or 5 days may be more effective
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Martin, Ursula. "Almost all $p$-groups have automorphism group a $p$-group." Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society 15, no. 1 (July 1, 1986): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/s0273-0979-1986-15441-8.

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B., O. Johnson, Hamma S., and S. Adamu M. "Investigating the solubility of wreath products group of degree 3p using numerical approach." Asia Mathematika 6, no. 1 (May 24, 2022): 1——13. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6575425.

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Let <em>p</em>&nbsp;be a prime number <em>p&gt;3&nbsp;</em>and <em>G</em>&nbsp;a finite permutation group of degree <em>3p</em>, generated via Wreath products of pairs of permutation groups. We, in this paper discuss the solubility of <em>G</em>&nbsp;using numerical approach. We applied the computational group theory (GAP) to enhance and validate our work.
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Guerboussa, Yassine, and Bounabi Daoud. "Adjoint groups of $p$-nil rings and $p$-group automorphisms." Bulletin of the Belgian Mathematical Society - Simon Stevin 21, no. 2 (May 2014): 339–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.36045/bbms/1400592629.

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Park, Hong Goo. "p-groups in the Betti-Mathieu group." Linear Algebra and its Applications 234 (February 1996): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-3795(94)00091-3.

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Oort, Frans. "Finite Group Schemes and $p$-Divisible Groups." Notices of the International Congress of Chinese Mathematicians 8, no. 1 (2020): 55–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4310/iccm.2020.v8.n1.a5.

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.A. AWAD, ALAA. "On unit P-Groups in Group Algebra." Journal of University of Anbar for Pure Science 3, no. 1 (April 1, 2009): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.37652/juaps.2009.15512.

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Khukhro, E. I., and N. Yu Makarenko. "Finite $p$-groups with a Frobenius group of automorphisms whose kernel is a cyclic $p$-group." Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society 143, no. 5 (January 22, 2015): 1837–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/s0002-9939-2015-12287-3.

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Takegahara, Yugen. "Zeta functions of integral group rings of abelian (p,p)-groups." Communications in Algebra 15, no. 12 (January 1987): 2565–615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00927878708823553.

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JAIN, VIVEK K., PRADEEP K. RAI, and MANOJ K. YADAV. "ON FINITE p-GROUPS WITH ABELIAN AUTOMORPHISM GROUP." International Journal of Algebra and Computation 23, no. 05 (August 2013): 1063–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218196713500161.

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We construct, for the first time, various types of specific non-special finite p-groups having abelian automorphism group. More specifically, we construct groups G with abelian automorphism group such that γ2(G) &lt; Z(G) &lt; Φ(G), where γ2(G), Z(G) and Φ(G) denote the commutator subgroup, the center and the Frattini subgroup of G respectively. For a finite p-group G with elementary abelian automorphism group, we show that at least one of the following two conditions holds true: (i) Z(G) = Φ(G) is elementary abelian; (ii) γ2(G) = Φ(G) is elementary abelian, where p is an odd prime. We construct examples to show the existence of groups G with elementary abelian automorphism group for which exactly one of the above two conditions holds true.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "P-group"

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Weber, Harald. "Group rings and twisted group rings for a series of p-groups." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB10761310.

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Wilson, James B. "Group decompositions, Jordan algebras, and algorithms for p-groups /." Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank) Connect to title online (ProQuest), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/8302.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2008.<br>Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 121-125). Also available online in Scholars' Bank; and in ProQuest, free to University of Oregon users.
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Wilson, James B. 1980. "Group decompositions, Jordan algebras, and algorithms for p-groups." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/8302.

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viii, 125 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.<br>Finite p -groups are studied using bilinear methods which lead to using nonassociative rings. There are three main results, two which apply only to p -groups and the third which applies to all groups. First, for finite p -groups P of class 2 and exponent p the following are invariants of fully refined central decompositions of P : the number of members in the decomposition, the multiset of orders of the members, and the multiset of orders of their centers. Unlike for direct product decompositions, Aut P is not always transitive on the set of fully refined central decompositions, and the number of orbits can in fact be any positive integer. The proofs use the standard semi-simple and radical structure of Jordan algebras. These algebras also produce useful criteria for a p -group to be centrally indecomposable. In the second result, an algorithm is given to find a fully refined central decomposition of a finite p -group of class 2. The number of algebraic operations used by the algorithm is bounded by a polynomial in the log of the size of the group. The algorithm uses a Las Vegas probabilistic algorithm to compute the structure of a finite ring and the Las Vegas MeatAxe is also used. However, when p is small, the probabilistic methods can be replaced by deterministic polynomial-time algorithms. The final result is a polynomial time algorithm which, given a group of permutations, matrices, or a polycyclic presentation; returns a Remak decomposition of the group: a fully refined direct decomposition. The method uses group varieties to reduce to the case of p -groups of class 2. Bilinear and ring theory methods are employed there to complete the process.<br>Adviser: William M. Kantor
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Blackburn, Simon R. "Group enumeration." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:caac5ed0-44e3-4bec-a97e-59e11ea268af.

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The thesis centres around two problems in the enumeration of p-groups. Define f<sub>φ</sub>(p<sup>m</sup>) to be the number of (isomorphism classes of) groups of order p<sup>m</sup> in an isoclinism class φ. We give bounds for this function as φ is fixed and m varies and as m is fixed and φ varies. In the course of obtaining these bounds, we prove the following result. We say a group is reduced if it has no non-trivial abelian direct factors. Then the rank of the centre Z(P) and the rank of the derived factor group P|P' of a reduced p-group P are bounded in terms of the orders of P|Z(P)P' and P'∩Z(P). A long standing conjecture of Charles C. Sims states that the number of groups of order p<sup>m</sup> is<br/> p<sup><sup>2</sup>andfrasl;<sub>27</sub>m<sup>3</sup>+O(m<sup>2</sup>)</sup>. (1) We show that the number of groups of nilpotency class at most 3 and order p<sup>m</sup> satisfies (1). We prove a similar result concerning the number of graded Lie rings of order p<sup>m</sup> generated by their first grading.
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Welch, Amanda Renee. "Characterizing Zero Divisors of Group Rings." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52949.

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The Atiyah Conjecture originates from a paper written 40 years ago by Sir Michael Atiyah, a famous mathematician and Fields medalist. Since publication of the paper, mathematicians have been working to solve many questions related to the conjecture, but it is still open. The conjecture is about certain topological invariants attached to a group G. There are examples showing that the conjecture does not hold in general. These examples involve something like the lamplighter group. We are interested in looking at examples where this is not the case. We are interested in the specific case where G is a finitely generated group in which the Pr'ufer group can be embedded as the center. The Pr'ufer group is a p-group for some prime p and its finite subgroups have unbounded order, in particular the finite subgroups of G will have unbounded order. To understand whether any form of the Atiyah conjecture is true for G, it will first help to determine whether the group ring kG of the group G has a classical ring of quotients for some field k. To determine this we will need to know the zero divisors for the group ring kG. Our investigations will be divided into two cases, namely when the characteristic of the field k is the same as the prime p for the Pr'ufer group and when it is different.<br>Master of Science
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Schoemann, Claudia. "Représentations unitaires de U(5) p-adique." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20101.

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Nous étudions les représentations complexes, induites par l'induction parabolique, du groupe U(5), défini sur un corps local non-archimedean de caractéristique 0. C'est Qp ou une extension finie de Qp .On parle des 'corps p-adiques'. Soit F un corps p-adique. Soit E : F une extension de corps de degré 2. Soit Gal(E : F ) = {id, σ}le groupe de Galois. On écrit σ(x) = overline{x} forall x ∈ E. Soit | |p la norme p-adique de E. Soient E* = E {0} et E 1 = {x ∈ E | xoverline{x}= 1} .U (5) a trois sous-groupes paraboliques propres. Soit P0 le sous-groupe parabolique minimal et soientP1 et P2 les deux sous-groupes paraboliques maximaux. Soient M0 , M1 et M2 les sous-groupes de Levi standards et soient N0 , N1 et N2 des sous-groupes unipotents de U (5). On a la décomposition de Levi Pi = Mi Ni , i ∈{0, 1, 2} .M0 = E* × E* × E 1 est le sous-groupe de Levi minimal, M1 = GL(2, E) × E 1 et M2 = E* × U(3) sont les sous-groupes de Levi maximaux.On considère les représentations des sous-groupes de Levi, et on les étend trivialement au sous-groupes unipotents pour obtenir des représentations des sous-groupes paraboliques. On exécute une procédure appelée 'l'induction parabolique' pour obtenir les représentations de U (5). Nous considérons les représentations de M0 , puis les représentations non-cuspidales, induites à partir de M1 et M2 . Cela veut dire que la représentation du facteur GL(2, E) de M1 est un sous-quotient propre d'une représentation induite de E* × E* à GL(2, E). La représentation du facteur U (3) de M2 est un sous-quotient propre d'une représentation induite de E* × E 1 à U(3). Un exemple pour M1 est | det |α χ(det) StGL2 * λ' , où α ∈ R, χ est un caractère unitaire de E* , StGL2 est la représentation Steinberg de GL(2, E) et λ' est un caractère de E 1 . Un exemple pour M2 est| |α χ λ (det) StU (3) , où α ∈ R, χ est un caractère unitaire de E* , λ' est un caractère unitaire de E 1et StU (3) est la représentation Steinberg de U(3). On remarque que λ' est unitaire.Ensuite on considère les représentations cuspidales de M1 .On détermine les droites et les points de réductibilité des représentations de U(5) et on détermine les sous-quotients irréductibles. Ensuite, sauf quelque cas particuliers, on détermine le dual unitaire de U(5)par rapport au quotients de Langlands. Les représentations complexes, paraboliquement induites, de U(3) sur un corps p-adique sont classifiées par Charles David Keys dans [Key84], les représentations complexes, paraboliquement induites, de U(4)sur un corps p-adique sont classifiées par Kazuko Konno dans [Kon01]<br>We study the parabolically induced complex representations of the unitary group in 5 variables - U(5)- defined over a non-archimedean local field of characteristic 0. This is Qp or a finite extension of Qp ,where p is a prime number. We speak of a 'p-adic field'.Let F be a p-adic field. Let E : F be a field extension of degree two. Let Gal(E : F ) = {id, σ}. We write σ(x) = overline{x} forall x ∈ E. Let | |p denote the p-adic norm on E. Let E* := E {0} and let E 1 := {x ∈ E | x overline{x} = 1} .U(5) has three proper parabolic subgroups. Let P0 denote the minimal parabolic subgroup and P1 andP2 the two maximal parabolic subgroups. Let M0 , M1 and M2 denote the standard Levi subgroups and let N0 , N1and N2 denote unipotent subgroups of U(5). One has the Levi decomposition Pi = Mi Ni , i ∈ {0, 1, 2} .M0 = E* × E* × E 1 is the minimal Levi subgroup, M1 = GL(2, E) × E 1 and M2 = E* × U (3) are the two maximal parabolic subgroups.We consider representations of the Levi subgroups and extend them trivially to the unipotent subgroups toobtain representations of the parabolic groups. One now performs a procedure called 'parabolic induction'to obtain representations of U (5).We consider representations of M0 , further we consider non-cuspidal, not fully-induced representationsof M1 and M2 . For M1 this means that the representation of the GL(2, E)− part is a proper subquotientof a representation induced from E* × E* to GL(2, E). For M2 this means that the representation of theU (3)− part of M2 is a proper subquotient of a representation induced from E* × E 1 to U (3).As an example for M1 , take | det |α χ(det) StGL2 * λ' , where α ∈ R, χ is a unitary character of E* , StGL2 is the Steinberg representation of GL(2, E) and λ' is a character of E 1 . As an example forM2 , take | |α χ λ' (det) StU (3) , where α ∈ R, χ is a unitary character of E* , λ' is a character of E 1 andStU (3) is the Steinberg representation of U (3). Note that λ' is unitary.Further we consider the cuspidal representations of M1 .We determine the points and lines of reducibility of the representations of U(5), and we determinethe irreducible subquotients. Further, except several particular cases, we determine the unitary dual ofU(5) in terms of Langlands-quotients.The parabolically induced complex representations of U(3) over a p-adic field have been classied byCharles David Keys in [Key84], the parabolically induced complex representations of U(4) over a p-adicfield have been classied by Kazuko Konno in [Kon01].An aim of further study is the classication of the induced complex representations of unitary groupsof higher rank, like U (6) or U (7). The structure of the Levi subgroups of U (6) resembles the structureof the Levi subgroups of U (4), the structure of the Levi groups of U (7) resembles those of U (3) and ofU (5).Another aim is the classication of the parabolically induced complex representatioins of U (n) over ap-adic field for arbitrary n. Especially one would like to determine the irreducible unitary representations
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Johansson, Isak. "Themod p Cohomology of the ProjectiveUnitary Group." Thesis, KTH, Matematik (Avd.), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-229678.

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We begin with an introduction to spectral sequences, in particular, we present how a spectral sequence can arise from an exact couple, state and construct the Serre spectral sequence, mention some of the properties of the mod p cohomology and state the dual Eilenberg-Moore spectral sequence. Fiber bundles, together with the concept of pullback bundles, principal bundles, classifying spaces and Chern classes are also discussed to lay a foundation for our results. We compute the mod p cohomology of the projective unitary group. Finally, we compute the mod 3 cohomology of the classifying space of the projective unitary group of order 3.<br>Denna uppsats inleds med en introduktion till spektralsekvenser. Vi visar hur spektrala sekvenser uppkommer från exakta par. Vidare presenteras Serres spektralsekvens, egenskaper hos mod p kohomologin och den duala versionen av Eilenberg-Moores spektralsekvens. Fiberknippen, huvudknippen, klassificerande rum och Cherns klasser diskuteras även och ligger till grund för våra resultat. Vi beräknar mod p kohomologin av den projektiva unitära gruppen. Slutligen beräknar vi mod 3 kohomologin av det klassificerande rummet av den projektiva unitära gruppen av ordning 3.
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Smith, Duncan Alexander Mathematics UNSW. "The Families with Period 1 of 2-groups of Coclass 3." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Mathematics, 2000. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/17792.

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The 2-groups of coclass 1 are widely known and James (in 1975) looked at the 2-groups of coclass 2. Development of the p-group generation algorithm implemented by O'Brien at ANU enabled group presentations to be provided for the 2-groups of coclass 3 by Newman and O'Brien for groups of order up to 223. Newman and O'Brien (in 1999) conjectured the number of descendants of 2n for all n. They introduced the concept of a family, with each family related to a different pro-p-group and the concept of a sporadic p-group, a p-group external to any family. They found 1782 sporadic 2-groups with order at most 214. The 70 families of 2-groups of coclass 3 can be further split according to their period, a measure of the repetitive structure of the families. Newman and O'Brien conjectured that these families had periods of 1, 2 or 4. This thesis examines the 2-groups of coclass 3 contained in families with period 1 and shows that the number of descendants conjectured by Newman and O'Brien is correct. Furthermore the presentation of all groups contained in period 1 families is provided and shown to be correct.
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Crestani, Eleonora. "Monotone 2-Groups." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3426499.

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The generation problems are very interesting in the theory of finite groups. These problems can often be reduced to problems on the generators of p-groups. This has led to an increasing interest on the problems of generation in p-groups and on the study of classes of p-groups in which generators satisfy some precise conditions. In particular, it is very interesting the class of finite p-groups G with the property that the rank of G is equal to the number of generators of G (i.e. the number of generators of every subgroup of G is smaller than or equal to the number of generators of G). For instance, the abelian, the modular and the powerful p-groups belong to this class. Also the monotone p-groups lie in this class. We recall here the definition of monotone p-groups. Definition: Let G be a group. We denote with d(G) the number of generators of G. A p-group G is monotone if for every H and K subgroups of G with H contained in K, we have that d(H) is smaller than or equal to d(K). The class of monotone p-groups was introduced by A. Mann during the 1985 Saint Andrews Conference. In the paper " The number of generators of finite p-groups" published in 2005, Mann studies the monotone p-groups and classifies the monotone p-groups for p odd. When p=2, Mann does not classify the monotone 2-groups, but he gives some remarkable properties. For instance, he proves that a 2-group G is monotone if and only if the 2-generated subgroups of G are metacyclic. In this thesis, the monotone 2-groups are studied and completely determined.<br>I problemi di generazione sono problemi estremamente interessanti nella teoria dei gruppi finiti. Tali problemi spesso si riducono a problemi sui generatori di p-gruppi. Questo ha portato ad un sempre maggiore interesse per i problemi di generazione nei p-gruppi e allo studio di classi di p-gruppi finiti in cui i generatori del gruppo e dei sottogruppi soddisfano alcune precise condizioni. Di particolare interesse é la classe dei p-gruppi finiti G tali che il numero di generatori di ogni sottogruppo H di G è minore o uguale del numero di generatori di G. Esempi di p-gruppi appartenenti a questa classe sono i p-gruppi abeliani, i p-gruppi modulari e i p-gruppi powerful. Soddisfano tale proprietà anche i p-gruppi monotoni. Per questi ultimi ricordiamo la definizione. Definizione. Dato G un gruppo, sia d(G) il numero di generatori di G. Un p-gruppo G si dice monotono se per ogni H e K sottogruppi di G con H contenuto in K, si ha che d(H) è minore o uguale a d(K). I p-gruppi monotoni sono stati introdotti da A. Mann durante una conferenza tenutasi a Saint Andrews nel 1985. Lo stesso autore, in "The number of generators of finite p-groups", lavoro pubblicato nel 2005, studia i p-gruppi monotoni e li classifica per p dispari. Del caso p=2, non viene data alcuna classificazione ma vengono date alcune proprietà interessanti. Ad esempio, Mann dimostra che un 2-gruppo G è monotono se e solo se i sottogruppi 2-generati di G sono metaciclici. In questa tesi vengono studiati e classificati completamente i 2-gruppi monotoni.
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Schwingel, Ruth. "Two matrix group algorithms with applications to computing the automorphism group of a finite p-group." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313397.

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Books on the topic "P-group"

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Rapoport, M. Period spaces for p-divisible groups. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1996.

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Eng-chye, Tan, and Zhu Chen-bo, eds. Representations of real and p-adic groups. Singapore: Singapore University Press, 2004.

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Ricciotti, Diego. p-Laplace Equation in the Heisenberg Group. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23790-9.

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Klaas, G. Linear pro-p-groups of finite width. Berlin: Springer, 1997.

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Palmer & Turner Group. P & T Group: 130 Years of Architecture in Asia. Hong Kong: Pace Publishing LTD., 1998.

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Radha, Kessar, and Oliver Robert 1949-, eds. Fusion systems in algebra and topology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011.

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Miller, Kent D. The 356th Fighter Group in World War II: In action over Europe with the P-47 and P-51. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Military History, 2003.

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Fairfield, Terry A. The 479th Fighter Group in World War II: In action over Europe with the P-38 and P-51. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Military History, 2004.

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author, Henniart Guy, ed. Représentations des espaces tordus sur un groupe réductif connexe p-adiques. Paris: Société mathématique de France, 2017.

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Preiss-Daimler, Jürgen. "Ein Leben für den Aufbau Ost": Erinnerungen. Halle (Saale): Mitteldeutscher Verlag, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "P-group"

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Călugăreanu, Grigore, Simion Breaz, Ciprian Modoi, Cosmin Pelea, and Dumitru Vălcan. "p-groups." In Exercises in Abelian Group Theory, 239–60. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0339-0_17.

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Călugăreanu, Grigore, Simion Breaz, Ciprian Modoi, Cosmin Pelea, and Dumitru Vălcan. "p-groups." In Exercises in Abelian Group Theory, 71–83. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0339-0_7.

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Koch, Helmut. "Group Algebras of pro-p Groups." In Springer Monographs in Mathematics, 59–76. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04967-9_8.

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Roman, Steven. "Group Actions; The Structure of P-Groups." In Fundamentals of Group Theory, 207–33. Boston: Birkhäuser Boston, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-8176-8301-6_7.

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Shatz, Stephen S. "Group Schemes, Formal Groups, and p-Divisible Groups." In Arithmetic Geometry, 29–78. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8655-1_3.

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Schneider, Peter. "Completed Group Rings of p-Valued Groups." In Grundlehren der mathematischen Wissenschaften, 195–217. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21147-8_6.

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Campbell, H. E. A. Eddy, and David L. Wehlau. "The Cyclic Group C p." In Modular Invariant Theory, 105–39. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17404-9_7.

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Wong, Denis C. K. "Group Algebra Codes Define Over Extra-Special p-Group." In International Conference on Mathematical Sciences and Statistics 2013, 119–27. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4585-33-0_13.

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Bailly, Pascal, and Jean-François Bouhours. "P Blood Group and Related Antigens." In Molecular Basis of Human Blood Group Antigens, 299–329. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9537-0_11.

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Jaafar, Mastura, Azlan Raofuddin Nuruddin, and Syed Putra Syed Abu Bakar. "I&P Group Sdn Berhad." In Business Sustainability Model for Malaysian Housing Developers, 135–44. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5266-8_13.

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Conference papers on the topic "P-group"

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Di Noi, Stefano. "Renormalization group running effects in $p$ $p$ $\rightarrow t \bar th$ in the SMEFT." In 12th Large Hadron Collider Physics Conference, 324. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2024. https://doi.org/10.22323/1.478.0324.

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Mankar, Deepak. "Review and Recommendations on PWHT Exemptions for 2014 Edition of ASME B31.3." In CORROSION 2020, 1–10. NACE International, 2020. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2020-14543.

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Abstract A major significant change in fabrication/ welding of process piping was brought out by ASME B31.3 2014 addition Table 331.1.3 “Exemptions to Mandatory Postweld Heat Treatment” It now allowed for all carbon steel conforming to P- No1material group for all control Thickness and All weld type with exemption from Postweld heat treatment if a preheat of 95°C (200°F) is applied prior to welding on any nominal material thickness &amp;gt;25mm (1in). Similar exemptions are provided for P-No.3, P-No 4 group 1, and P-No. Group1. These exemptions required a closer scrutiny prior to adaptation. The review is an attempt to make end users aware of its significance.
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Harvey, Dawn. "P-44 Horticultural therapy group." In People, Partnerships and Potential, 16 – 18 November 2016, Liverpool. British Medical Journal Publishing Group, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjspcare-2016-001245.68.

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Davidson, Julia, Donna Oakes, and Tessa Stacey. "P-12 Teens bereavement group." In Thinking Differently Hospice UK National Conference, 06–08 November 2023, Liverpool. British Medical Journal Publishing Group, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/spcare-2023-hunc.34.

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Yagita, Nobuaki. "Stable splitting and cohomology of p–local finite groups over the extraspecial p–group of order p³ and exponent p." In School and Conference in Algebraic Topology. Mathematical Sciences Publishers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2140/gtm.2007.11.399.

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Grodal, Jesper. "The Classification of p-compact Groups and Homotopical Group Theory." In Proceedings of the International Congress of Mathematicians 2010 (ICM 2010). Published by Hindustan Book Agency (HBA), India. WSPC Distribute for All Markets Except in India, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814324359_0083.

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Talbot-Vaux, Kathryn, Emily Stowe, and Sarah Thompson. "P-184 Creative group legacy project." In Transforming Palliative Care, Hospice UK 2018 National Conference, 27–28 November 2018, Telford. British Medical Journal Publishing Group, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjspcare-2018-hospiceabs.209.

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Jackson, Matt, and Kevin Ratcliffe. "P-2 Cookery group for bereaved adults." In Transforming Palliative Care, Hospice UK 2018 National Conference, 27–28 November 2018, Telford. British Medical Journal Publishing Group, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjspcare-2018-hospiceabs.27.

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Moradipour, Kayvan, Sheila Ilangovan, and Roudin Teymourian. "Non-commuting graphs of a finite p-group." In THE 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES: Mathematical Sciences: Championing the Way in a Problem Based and Data Driven Society. Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4980959.

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Alderton, M., and K. Pryde. "G20(P) Child death and deterioration review group." In Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, Abstracts of the Annual Conference, 24–26 May 2017, ICC, Birmingham. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2017-313087.20.

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Reports on the topic "P-group"

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Muangcharoen, Vannee, Suwanna Kijparkorn, Chancharat Reodecha, and Pensuda Somkiatkul. A study on nutritive value of rabbit meat. Chulalongkorn University, 1988. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.1988.42.

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Twelve carcasses were randomly selected from New Zealand White (NZW), Thai Native (N) and two reciprocal crosses between NZW and N rabbits, three from each breed group. Proximate analysis was made along with fatty acid and amino acid analysis. Percent fat and ash on dry matter basis were the only two proximate analysis found to be different among 4 breed groups (P&lt;0.05) and N meat had more fat than N x NZW group (P&lt;0.05). Among the 18 amino acids analysed, NZW and NZW x N meat had more proline than N x NZW group (P&lt;0.05) and N x NZW meat contained more tryptophan than N and NZW (P&lt;0.05). From the eight fatty acids analysed, x-linolenic acid content in NZW meat was greater than the other 3 breed groups (P&lt;0.05).
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Surendra G, Dr Prasad, Dr Bhuyan Ashok K, Dr Baro Abhamon, Dr Saikia Uma K, and Dr Kumar Angad. CLINICAL AND METABOLIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM IN DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS- A TERTIARY CENTRE EXPERIENCE. World Wide Journals, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36106/ijar/6005490.

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Background and Objectives- Symptomatic Primary Hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is common in India in comparison to the western population. But there is very little data on the inuence of age on the presentation of PHPT. In the present study we aimed to analyse the clinical and metabolic prole among different age groups of symptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism. Methods: This retrospective analysis was done in PHPT patients who attended Department of Endocrinology, Gauhati Medical college and Hospital. Thirty-one PHPT subjects who presented to us over a period of last ve years were divided into three different age groups i.e, children and adolescents &lt;18yrs, adults ≥18-50 years, and older group &gt;50years. All major clinical, metabolic and imaging parameters were compared among these groups. Appropriate statistical methods were used to compare different variables. The age distribution ranged from 13 to Results: 72 years with mean age of 38.6±16.3years and with equal female to male ratio. Bony deformity (Rickets) as initial manifestation was seen in three adolescents and bone pain was common in adolescents(p=0.05). Prevalence of renal stones were higher in adult group(p=0.002), gastrointestinal manifestations were higher in older group (p=0.02). There was no signicant difference in fracture rate(P=0.17), brown tumours(P=0.56) and other symptoms among different age groups. Alkaline phosphatase(p=0.006) and iPTH(p=0.01) were signicantly higher in adolescent group. There was no signicant difference in serum calcium, phosphate, 25(OH)Vitamin-D3 and haemoglobin levels among different age groups. Age has substantial inuence on PHPT presentation. Bone Interpretation &amp; Conclusion: pain and deformity was common in adolescents, while renal stones and gastrointestinal manifestations were common in middle aged and elderly group respectively
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Verkade, J. G. Functional group analysis in coal by sup 31 P NMR spectroscopy. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6778617.

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Verkade, J. Functional group analysis in coal by sup 31 P nmr spectroscopy. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6912606.

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Suksom, Daroonwan, Chaicharn Deerochanawong, Tanaka, Hirofumi, and Witid Mitranun. The comparison effects of aerobic continuous training and aerobic interval training on glycemic control and endothelial function in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Chulalongkorn University, 2013. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2013.71.

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The objective of this study was to compare the effects of continuous aerobic exercise training (CON) and interval aerobic exercise training (INT) on glycemic control and endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in patients with type 2 diabetes. A total of 43 participants with type 2 diabetes aged 50-70 years were stratified in parallel-group study and randomly allocated to the sedentary control, continuous aerobic training (CON), and interval aerobic training ( INT) groups. Exercise training programs were designed to yield the same energy expenditure/exercise session and included walking on treadmill for 30 or 40 minutes/day, 3 times/week for 12 weeks. Biological variables, health-related physical fitness, endothelial function and biochemistry variables between pre-test and post-test were analyzed by a paired t-test. One way analysis of variance was used to compare the variables among groups. Differences were considered to be significant at p &lt; .05. The results of the present study were as follow : 1. Body mass, BMI, body fatness, waist-to-hip ratio, and heart rate at rest decreased and leg muscle mass and muscle strength increased (all p&lt;0.05) significantly in both the CON and INT groups when compared with pre-test. 2. Fasting blood glucose and insulin resistance levels decreased (p&lt;0.05) in both exercise groups but glycosylated hemoglobin levels decreased (p&lt;0.05) significantly only in the INT group when compared with pre-test. 3. Maximal aerobic capacity, flow-mediated dilation, and cutaneous blood flow increased (all p&lt;0.05) significantly in both exercise groups; however, the magnitude of improvement was greater (p&lt;0.05) significantly in the INT group. 4. Malondialdehyde and von Willebrand factor decreased and glutathione peroxidase and nitric oxide increased significantly (all p&lt;0.05) in the INT group. CON group showed no significant changes in these parameters. In conclusion, Both CON and INT were effective in improving glycemic control, aerobic fitness, and endothelium-dependent vasodilation, but the INT program appears to confer greater improvements than the CON program.
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เรี่ยวเดชะ, จันทร์จรัส, та สุวรรณา กิจภากรณ์. ผลของการผสมข้ามพันธุ์ต่อการผลิตกระต่าย. จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย, 1987. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.1987.27.

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ศึกษาลักษณะการเจริญเติบโตหลังหย่านมถึงพร้อมผสมพันธุ์เป็นเวลา 12 สัปดาห์ ในกระต่ายจำนวน 115 ตัว จำแนกออกได้เป็น 4 กลุ่มพันธุ์คือ กระต่ายพันธุ์พื้นเมือง กระต่ายพันธุ์นิวซีแลนด์ไวท์ ซึ่งมีที่มาของพันธุ์จากประเทศนิวซีแลนด์และกระต่ายลูกผสมที่เกิดจากการผสมข้ามพันธุ์ระหว่างกระต่ายพื้นเมืองกับกระต่ายพันธุ์นิวซีแลนด์ไวท์ แบบสลับพ่อแม่ทั้ง 2 แบบ กระต่ายทั้งหมดได้รับการเลี้ยงดูอย่างเดียวกันในกรงขังเดี่ยว ณ ศูนย์ฝึกนิสิตคณะสัตวแพทยศาสตร์ นครปฐม ให้อาหารข้นที่มีโปรตีน 14% โดยให้กินเต็มที่พร้อมหญ้าขนสด บันทึกน้ำหนัก และปริมาณอาหารที่กินทุก 2 สัปดาห์ คำนวณน้ำหนักเพิ่ม ปริมาณอาหารที่ให้ทั้งหมด อัตราการเจริญเติบโตต่อวัน ปริมาณอาหารที่กินเฉลี่ยต่อวัน และประสิทธิภาพการเปลี่ยนอาหารเป็นเนื้อ วิเคราะห์วาเหรียนซ์แบบลีสท์สแควร์ ผลการทดลองปรากฏว่า กลุ่มพันธุ์มีผลต่อน้ำหนักหย่านม และน้ำหนักเมื่อสัปดาห์ที่ 10 และ 12 ของการทดลอง รวมทั้งต่อน้ำหนักเพิ่ม (P&lt;.05) อัตราการเจริญเติบโตต่อวัน และประสิทธิภาพการเปลี่ยนอาหาร (P&lt;.01) ส่วนเพศมีผลต่อน้ำหนักเมื่อสัปดาห์ที่ 12 ของการทดลอง (P&lt;.01) ปริมาณอาหารที่ใช้ทั้งหมดและเฉลี่ยต่อวัน น้ำหนักเพิ่ม และอัตราการเจริญเติบโตเฉลี่ยต่อวัน (P&lt;.05) และพบปฏิกิริยาร่วมระหว่างกลุ่มพันธุ์ และเพศในลักษณะ น้ำหนักเมื่อสัปดาห์ที่ 10 และ 12 ของการทดลอง น้ำหนักเพิ่ม และอัตราการเจริญเติบโตเฉลี่ยต่อวัน (P&lt;.05) ค่าเฉลี่ยลีสท์สแควร์ของแต่ละลักษณะจำแนกตามแหล่งความแปรปรวนที่มีนัยสำคัญ ในการเปรียบเทียบ contrast ระหว่างกระต่ายพันธุ์แท้ทั้งสองพบว่ากระต่ายนิวซีแลนด์ไวท์มีขนาดเล็กกว่ากระต่ายพื้นเมืองเมื่อหย่างนม และไม่มีความแตกต่างในระยะต่อมายกเว้นน้ำหนักเมื่อสัปดาห์ที่ 10 ประสิทธิภาพการเปลี่ยนอาหารเป็นเนื้อของกระต่ายพันธุ์นิวซีแลนด์ไวท์ดีกว่ากระต่ายพันธุ์พื้นเมือง กระต่ายลูกผสมทั้ง 2 แบบไม่แตกต่างกันในทุกลักษณะของการเจริญเติบโต เมื่อเปรียบเทียบระหว่างกลุ่มกระต่ายพันธุ์แท้ทั้งสองกับกระต่ายลูกผสมทั้ง 2 แบบปรากฏว่าไม่มีความแตกต่างกันในทางน้ำหนักตัวทุกช่วงอายุ แต่กระต่ายลูกผสมเจริญเติบโตเร็วกว่ากระต่ายพันธุ์แท้ และมีประสิทธิภาพการเปลี่ยนอาหารเป็นเนื้อดีกว่า (P&lt;.05) ค่า heterosis ของการผสมข้ามระหว่างกระต่าย 2 พันธุ์นี้ค่อนข้างต่ำซึ่งเป็นปกติของลักษณะด้านการเจริญเติบโตซึ่งมีค่าอัตราพันธุกรรมปานกลางถึงสูงPostweaning growth characteristics of 115 rabbits were studied for 12 weeks period. Rabbits were classified into 4 breed groups namely Thai native (N), New Zealand White (NZW) originated from New Zealand and 2 reciprocal crosses between these two breeds (NxNZW and NZWxN). They were reared under uniform environment in individual feeding units with automatic waterer at the Department of Animal Husbandry Rabbit colony, Nakorn Pathom. All rabbits were fed 14% protein diet and freshly cut paragrass ad lib. Weights and amount of feed consumed were recorded biweekly. Total and daily feed consumed, gain and average daily gain as well as feed conversion ratio were calculated at the end of the experiment. Least squares analyses of variance revealed significant breed group effects on weaning weight, weight at 10 and 12 weeks of the experiment, gain (P&lt;.05), average daily gain and feed conversion (P&lt;.01). Sex differences were found in weight at 12 weeks of the experiment (P&lt;.01), total and daily feed consumed, gain and average daily gain (P&lt;.05). Breed group by sex interaction was important in weights at 10 and 12 weeks of the experiment, gain and average daily gain (p&lt;.05). Least squares means and breed group comparisons were presented. Breed group contrast between purebreds revealed that NZW rabbits were smaller than N rabbits at weaning and no significant differences were observed after that except for weight at 10 weeks of the experiment. NZW rabbits were more efficient in feed conversion than N rabbits. NxNZW and NZWxN reciprocal crosses were similar in all growth traits. Crossbred-purebred contrasts showed adventages of crossbred over purebred rabbits in gain, average daily gain and feed efficiency (P&lt;.05). Heterosis of all traits studied were low which is normal for growth characteristics since they are moderately to highly heritableศึกษาลักษณะด้านการสืบพันธุ์ และการให้ผลผลิตของแม่กระต่าย 4 กลุ่มพันธุ์คือ นิวซีแลนด์ไวท์ (NZW) กระต่ายพื้นเมืองไทย (N) และกระต่ายลูกผสมระหว่าง พันธุ์นิวซีแลนด์ไวท์กับพื้นเมืองทั้ง 2 แบบ จำนวนกลุ่มพันธุ์ละ 10 แม่ พบว่าแม่กระต่าย NZW ให้จำนวนลูกเกิดครอกแรกน้อยกว่าแม่พันธุ์ NZWxN และ N แม่พันธุ์ NZW อุ้มท้องนานกว่าแม่พันธุ์ N 80 วัน (P&lt;.05) ให้จำนวนลูกต่อครอกในครอกแรกน้อยกว่า 2.20 ตัว และน้ำหนักลูกทั้งครอกเมื่อเกิดน้อยกว่าแม่พันธุ์ N 81 กรัม (P&lt;.05) และจากการศึกษาต่อไปถึงการให้ผลผลิตทั้งหมด เมื่อแม่กระต่ายมีอายุ 1 ปี ปรากฏว่า แม่กระต่ายพันธุ์ NZW รับการผสมมากครั้งแต่มีอัตราการผสมติดต่ำกว่า (P&lt;.05) แม่กระต่ายอีก 3 กลุ่มพันธุ์ โดยให้จำนวนครอกที่ให้ลูกได้เท่ากัน ซึ่งบ่งชี้ถึงปัญหาการผสมติดยากของแม่พันธุ์ NZW เมื่อเปรียบเทียบระหว่างกระต่ายพันธุ์แท้ด้วยกัน แม่พันธุ์ NZW ต้องรับการผสมมากกว่าแม่พันธุ์ N 1.20 ครั้ง (P&lt;.05) จึงจะให้ลูกได้จำนวนครอกเท่ากัน และมีอัตราการผสมติดน้อยกว่าแม่พันธุ์ N 30.50% (P&lt;.05) ไม่พบความแตกต่างใดๆ ระหว่างการให้ผลผลิตของแม่กระต่ายลูกผสม 2 แบบ จากการเปรียบเทียบระหว่างแม่กระต่ายพันธุ์แท้กับลูกผสม พบว่ากระต่ายลูกผสมมีประสิทธิภาพด้านการสืบพันธุ์ซึ่งวัดจากจำนวนครั้งที่รับการผสมและอัตราการผสมติดเหนือกว่ากระต่ายพันธุ์แท้ (P&lt;.05) และมีค่า heterosis ของลักษณะทั้งสองเป็น -26.69 และ 33.02% ตามลำดับDoe reproduction and preweaning litter performance were investigated in 4 breed groups of New Zealand White (NZW) and Thai native (N) purbreds and NZWxN and NxNZW crossbreds in a group of ten each. First parity litter size of NZW does was smaller than those of NZWxN and N does (P&lt;.05). Comparing purebred does in first litter performance, NZW does showed .80 days longer gestation period (P&lt;.05), 2.20 kits smaller litter size (P&lt;.05) and 81 gm lower litter weight at birth (P&lt;.05) than N does. When does approached one year of age, NZW does performed poorer than the other 3 breed groups in higher numbers of mating (P&lt;.05) white producing equal number of litters and lower conception rate (P&lt;.05). Comparison made between 2 purebreds revealed superiority of N does over NZW does in reproductive performance in number of matings and conception rate (P&lt;.05). No significant differences in litter performance were found between 2 crossbreds. Crossbred-purebred contrast showed that crossbred does required fewer number of mating with higher conception rate than purebreds (P&lt;.05). Significant heterosis was found -29.69 and 33.02% in numbers of mating and conception rate, respectively.
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Suksom, Daroonwan, Jettanong Klaewsongkram, Wannaporn Tongtako, and Nutdanai Jaronsukwimal. Effect of acute exercises, chronic exercise training and vitamin C supplementation on physiological change and symptoms in allegic rhinitis patients. Chulalongkorn University, 2013. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2013.72.

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The aim of this present study was to investigate an effect of acute exhaustive and moderate intensities exercises, exercise training and vitamin C supplementation on physiological change and rhinitis symptoms in allergic rhinitis patients. There were two studies: Study I : The subjects, aged18-45 years old, were divided into 2 groups: 14 healthy individuals and 13 allergic rhinitis (AR) patients. They were assigned to perform the strenuous exercise on treadmill by using Bruce protocol until they were exhausted. Two weeks later, they were assigned to perform a moderate exercise by walking on treadmill for 30 minutes at 65-70% of heart rate reserve (HRR). Study II: Twenty-seven volunteered patients with allergic rhinitis, aged 18-45 years old, were recruited. They were randomized into 3 groups: control group (CON; n=8), exercise group (EX; n=9) exercise combined with vitamin C group (EX + Vit. C; n=10). The exercise training protocol consisted of walking – running on a treadmill at 65-70% HRR, 30 minutes per session, 3 times a week. The EX + Vit. C group ingested vitamin C 2, 000 mg per day. Results of the study are as follow: Study I: After both acute exhaustive and moderate intensities exercises, volume of nasal inspiratory flow were increased but nasal congestion was decreased (p&lt;.05). In addition, nasal blood flow was decreased after performing moderate exercise in both groups of subjects (p&lt;.05). The ratio of IL-2 and IL-4 (IL-2/IL-4) after moderate exercise was significantly higher than exhaustive exercise in both the healthy and AR groups (p&lt;0.05) Study II: After 8 weeks, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels of the both EX and EX + Vit. C were significantly lower than the CON group (p&lt;.05). the both EX and EX + Vit. C had significantly lower in interleukin (IL)-4 levels but higher in IL-2 than the CON (p&lt;.05). After nasal challenge by house dust mite (D.pteronyssinus), the percent difference of IL-4 and IL-13 were significantly lower but the percent difference of IL-2 were significantly higher in the both EX and EX + Vit C when compared with the CON (p&lt;.05). For rhinitis symptoms, the percent difference of peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) were significantly higher while nasal blood flow were significantly lower in the both EX and EX + Vit. C comparing to the CON (p&lt;.05). Moreover, the both EX and EX + Vit. C had a significantly higher PNIF after nasal challenge 60 minutes comparing to pre-test (p&lt;.05). The rhinitis symptoms score i.e. congestion, itching, sneezing, rhinorrhea and total symptoms at baseline and following nasal challenge were significantly decreased in the both EX and EX + Vit. C (p&lt;.05). In conclusion, acute exhaustive and moderate intensities exercises increased peak nasal inspiratory flow and decreased nasal congestion in allergic rhinitis patients. But only moderate exercise also reduced nasal blood flow in allergic rhinitis patients. Eight weeks of moderate exercise training with and without vitamin C supplementation demonstrated improving cardiorespiratory fitness, attenuating the inflammatory response and reducing symptoms in patients with allergic rhinitis. Therefore, regularly moderate exercise training should be recommend for allergic rhinitis patients.
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กลิ่นหอม, สุวัฒน์, วิวัฒน์ ชวนะนิกุล та สมชาย จันทร์ผ่องแสง. การศึกษาการเลี้ยงไก่ไข่บนกรงตับเปรียบเทียบกับ การเลี้ยงแบบปล่อยพื้น : รายงานผลการวิจัย. จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย, 1988. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.1988.37.

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A comparative study of the performance of laying hens housed in cages and floor pens was conducted under filed condition at C.U. Veterinary Research Center. A total of 480 birds were divided iinto 2 groups, each group consisting of 4 replicates, 60 birds each. The results were recorded throught 52 weeks of egg production. There were no significant (P &gt; 0.05) differences for the rate of egg production, efficiency if feed utilization, body weight gain and mortality rate. But the egg weight was significantly (p &lt; 0.05) greater in group of birds housed in cages than those housed in floor pens (60.7 gm VS 57.0 gm). This may be dur to better ventilation around the cage.
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9

Wang, Yao, Jeehee Lim, Rodrigo Salgado, Monica Prezzi, and Jeremy Hunter. Pile Stability Analysis in Soft or Loose Soils: Guidance on Foundation Design Assumptions with Respect to Loose or Soft Soil Effects on Pile Lateral Capacity and Stability. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317387.

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The design of laterally loaded piles is often done in practice using the p-y method with API p-y curves representing the behavior of soil at discretized points along the pile length. To account for pile-soil-pile interaction in pile groups, AASHTO (2020) proposes the use of p-multipliers to modify the p-y curves. In this research, we explored, in depth, the design of lateral loaded piles and pile groups using both the Finite Element (FE) method and the p-y method to determine under what conditions pile stability problems were likely to occur. The analyses considered a wide range of design scenarios, including pile diameters ranging from 0.36 m (14.17 inches) to 1.0 m (39.37 inches), pile lengths ranging from 10 m (32.81 ft) to 20 m (65.62 ft), uniform and multilayered soil profiles containing weak soil layers of loose sand or normally consolidated (NC) clay, lateral load eccentricity ranging from 0 m to 10 m (32.81 ft), combined axial and lateral loads, three different pile group configurations (1×5, 2×5, and 3×5), pile spacings ranging from 3 to 5 times the pile diameter, two different load directions (“strong” direction and “weak” direction), and two different pile cap types (free-standing and soil-supported pile caps). Based on the FEA results, we proposed new p-y curve equations for clay and sand. We also examined the behavior of the individual piles in the pile groups and found that the moment applied to the pile cap is partly transferred to the individual piles as moments, which is contrary to the assumption often made that moments are fully absorbed by axial loads on the group piles. This weakens the response of the piles to lateral loading because a smaller lateral pressure is required to produce a given deflection when moments are transferred to the head of the piles as moments. When the p-y method is used without consideration of the transferred moments, unconservative designs result. Based on the FEA results, we proposed both a new set of p-multipliers and a new method to use when moment distribution between piles is not known, using pile efficiency instead to calculate the total capacity of pile groups.
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10

Shenker, Moshe, Paul R. Bloom, Abraham Shaviv, Adina Paytan, Barbara J. Cade-Menun, Yona Chen, and Jorge Tarchitzky. Fate of Phosphorus Originated from Treated Wastewater and Biosolids in Soils: Speciation, Transport, and Accumulation. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7697103.bard.

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Beneficial use of reclaimed wastewater (RW) and biosolids (BS) in soils is accompanied by large input of sewage-originated P. Prolonged application may result in P accumulation up to levelsBeneficial use of reclaimed wastewater (RW) and biosolids (BS) in soils is accompanied by large input of sewage-originated P. Prolonged application may result in P accumulation up to levels that impair plant nutrition, increase P loss, and promote eutrophication in downstream waters. This study aims to shed light on the RW- and BS-P forms in soils and to follow the processes that determine P reactivity, solubility, availability, and loss in RW and BS treated soils. The Technion group used sequential P extraction combined with measuring stable oxygen isotopic composition in phosphate (δ18OP) and with 31P-NMR studies to probe P speciation and transformations in soils irrigated with RW or fresh water (FW). The application of the δ18OP method to probe inorganic P (Pi) speciation and transformations in soils was developed through collaboration between the Technion and the UCSC groups. The method was used to trace Pi in water-, NaHCO3-, NaOH-, and HCl- P fractions in a calcareous clay soil (Acre, Israel) irrigated with RW or FW. The δ18OP signature changes during a month of incubation indicated biogeochemical processes. The water soluble Pi (WSPi) was affected by enzymatic activity yielding isotopic equilibrium with the water molecules in the soil solution. Further it interacted rapidly with the NaHCO3-Pi. The more stable Pi pools also exhibited isotopic alterations in the first two weeks after P application, likely related to microbial activity. Isotopic depletion which could result from organic P (PO) mineralization was followed by enrichment which may result from biologic discrimination in the uptake. Similar transformations were observed in both soils although transformations related to biological activity were more pronounced in the soil treated with RW. Specific P compounds were identified by the Technion group, using solution-state 31P-NMR in wastewater and in soil P extracts from Acre soils irrigated by RW and FW. Few identified PO compounds (e.g., D-glucose-6-phosphate) indicated coupled transformations of P and C in the wastewater. The RW soil retained higher P content, mainly in the labile fractions, but lower labile PO, than the FW soil; this and the fact that P species in the various soil extracts of the RW soil appear independent of P species in the RW are attributed to enhanced biological activity and P recycling in the RW soil. Consistent with that, both soils retained very similar P species in the soil pools. The HUJ group tested P stabilization to maximize the environmental safe application rates and the agronomic beneficial use of BS. Sequential P extraction indicated that the most reactive BS-P forms: WSP, membrane-P, and NaHCO3-P, were effectively stabilized by ferrous sulfate (FeSul), calcium oxide (CaO), or aluminum sulfate (alum). After applying the stabilized BS, or fresh BS (FBS), FBS compost (BSC), or P fertilizer (KH2PO4) to an alluvial soil, P availability was probed during 100 days of incubation. A plant-based bioassay indicated that P availability followed the order KH2PO4 &gt;&gt; alum-BS &gt; BSC ≥ FBS &gt; CaO-BS &gt;&gt; FeSul-BS. The WSPi concentration in soil increased following FBS or BSC application, and P mineralization further increased it during incubation. In contrast, the chemically stabilized BS reduced WSPi concentrations relative to the untreated soil. It was concluded that the chemically stabilized BS effectively controlled WSPi in the soil while still supplying P to support plant growth. Using the sequential extraction procedure the persistence of P availability in BS treated soils was shown to be of a long-term nature. 15 years after the last BS application to MN soils that were annually amended for 20 years by heavy rates of BS, about 25% of the added BS-P was found in the labile fractions. The UMN group further probed soil-P speciation in these soils by bulk and micro X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES). This newly developed method was shown to be a powerful tool for P speciation in soils. In a control soil (no BS added), 54% of the total P was PO and it was mostly identified as phytic acid; 15% was identified as brushite and 26% as strengite. A corn crop BS amended soil included mostly P-Fe-peat complex, variscite and Al-P-peat complex but no Ca-P while in a BS-grass soil octacalcium phosphate was identified and o-phosphorylethanolamine or phytic acid was shown to dominate the PO fraction that impair plant nutrition, increase P loss, and promote eutrophication in downstream waters. This study aims to shed light on the RW- and BS-P forms in soils and to follow the processes that determine P reactivity, solubility, availability, and loss in RW and BS treated soils. The Technion group used sequential P extraction combined with measuring stable oxygen isotopic composition in phosphate (δ18OP) and with 31P-NMR studies to probe P speciation and transformations in soils irrigated with RW or fresh water (FW). The application of the δ18OP method to probe inorganic P (Pi) speciation and transformations in soils was developed through collaboration between the Technion and the UCSC groups. The method was used to trace Pi in water-, NaHCO3-, NaOH-, and HCl- P fractions in a calcareous clay soil (Acre, Israel) irrigated with RW or FW. The δ18OP signature changes during a month of incubation indicated biogeochemical processes. The water soluble Pi (WSPi) was affected by enzymatic activity yielding isotopic equilibrium with the water molecules in the soil solution. Further it interacted rapidly with the NaHCO3-Pi. The more stable Pi pools also exhibited isotopic alterations in the first two weeks after P application, likely related to microbial activity. Isotopic depletion which could result from organic P (PO) mineralization was followed by enrichment which may result from biologic discrimination in the uptake. Similar transformations were observed in both soils although transformations related to biological activity were more pronounced in the soil treated with RW. Specific P compounds were identified by the Technion group, using solution-state 31P-NMR in wastewater and in soil P extracts from Acre soils irrigated by RW and FW. Few identified PO compounds (e.g., D-glucose-6-phosphate) indicated coupled transformations of P and C in the wastewater. The RW soil retained higher P content, mainly in the labile fractions, but lower labile PO, than the FW soil; this and the fact that P species in the various soil extracts of the RW soil appear independent of P species in the RW are attributed to enhanced biological activity and P recycling in the RW soil. Consistent with that, both soils retained very similar P species in the soil pools. The HUJ group tested P stabilization to maximize the environmental safe application rates and the agronomic beneficial use of BS. Sequential P extraction indicated that the most reactive BS-P forms: WSP, membrane-P, and NaHCO3-P, were effectively stabilized by ferrous sulfate (FeSul), calcium oxide (CaO), or aluminum sulfate (alum). After applying the stabilized BS, or fresh BS (FBS), FBS compost (BSC), or P fertilizer (KH2PO4) to an alluvial soil, P availability was probed during 100 days of incubation. A plant-based bioassay indicated that P availability followed the order KH2PO4 &gt;&gt; alum-BS &gt; BSC ≥ FBS &gt; CaO-BS &gt;&gt; FeSul-BS. The WSPi concentration in soil increased following FBS or BSC application, and P mineralization further increased it during incubation. In contrast, the chemically stabilized BS reduced WSPi concentrations relative to the untreated soil. It was concluded that the chemically stabilized BS effectively controlled WSPi in the soil while still supplying P to support plant growth. Using the sequential extraction procedure the persistence of P availability in BS treated soils was shown to be of a long-term nature. 15 years after the last BS application to MN soils that were annually amended for 20 years by heavy rates of BS, about 25% of the added BS-P was found in the labile fractions. The UMN group further probed soil-P speciation in these soils by bulk and micro X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES). This newly developed method was shown to be a powerful tool for P speciation in soils. In a control soil (no BS added), 54% of the total P was PO and it was mostly identified as phytic acid; 15% was identified as brushite and 26% as strengite. A corn crop BS amended soil included mostly P-Fe-peat complex, variscite and Al-P-peat complex but no Ca-P while in a BS-grass soil octacalcium phosphate was identified and o-phosphorylethanolamine or phytic acid was shown to dominate the PO fraction.
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