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Lee, Chen-Ying. "Product diversification, business structure, and firm performance in Taiwanese property and liability insurance sector." Journal of Risk Finance 18, no. 5 (November 20, 2017): 486–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrf-07-2016-0092.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to analyze product diversification, business structure and insurer performance with a comprehensive look at the property-liability (P/L) insurance operations. Design/methodology/approach Using a panel data, this study employs an ordinary least squares regression model, fixed effects model and random effects model to examine the impact of product diversification and business structure on the performance of P/L insurers. The study assesses insurer performance using both risk-adjusted return on assets and risk-adjusted return on equity. Findings The study finds that product diversification is significantly negatively related to the performance of P/L insurers. The results are consistent with the diversification discount theory. The empirical results reveal that business lines have significant impacts on firm performance, particularly on the lines of fire and marine insurances. Furthermore, the interaction between product diversification and firm size implies that product diversification significantly increases the performance of large-sized insurance firms. Originality/value The study provides some valuable insights into the effects of diversification and business structure on the performance of P/L insurers in a developing country. The study’s findings suggest that management of P/L insurers should clarify their objectives and carefully assess the company’s resources when dealing with product diversification and business structure. The results have practical implications for the financial services industry in Taiwan.
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Khuzaini, Khuzaini, Dwi Wahyu Artiningsih, and Lina Paulina. "Influence of Profitability, Investment Opportunity Set (Ios) Leverage and Dividend Policy on Firm Value in The L Service in Indonesia Stock Exchange." JURNAL TERAPAN MANAJEMEN DAN BISNIS 3, no. 2 (October 1, 2017): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.26737/jtmb.v3i2.346.
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<p>This research was aimed to analyze the significant influence of profitability, investment opportunity set (ios), leverage and dividend policy partially or simultaneously on firm value. The sample used in this research was Industrial Services in Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2013 to 2015 as many as 28 companies taken by using purposive sampling technique. Hypothesis testing of research using multiple linear regression analysis by SPSS 21 for windows programs. This research found that: (1) profitability has significant influence partially on firm value; (2) investment opportunity set (ios) has significant influence partially on firm value; (3) leverage has no significant influence partially on firm value; (3) the dividend policy has no significant influence partially on firm value; (5) profitability, investment opportunity set (ios), leverage and dividend policy have significant influence simultaneously on firm value with influence value of 46.7%.</p>
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Satpathy, Lopamudra D., Bani Chatterjee, and Jitendra Mahakud. "Firm Characteristics and Total Factor Productivity: Evidence from Indian Manufacturing Firms." Margin: The Journal of Applied Economic Research 11, no. 1 (February 2017): 77–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973801016676013.
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Measurement of the productivity of firms is an important research issue in productivity literature. Over the years, various methods have been developed to measure firm productivity across the globe. But there is no unanimity on the use of methods, and research on the identification of factors which determine productivity has been neglected. In view of these gaps, this study aims to measure total factor productivity (TFP) and tries to identify firm-specific factors which determine productivity of Indian manufacturing companies. The study is based on data of 616 firms from 1998–99 to 2012–13. To measure TFP, the Levinsohn–Petrin (L-P) method has been employed, and the fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) method has been used to identify factors that affect TFP. The results reveal that embodied and disembodied technology plays a crucial role in the determination of productivity overall in manufacturing and other sub-industries. Similarly, the size of firms and intensity of raw material imports are also important for the determination of productivity across the sub-industries. JEL Classification: C14, C33, D24, L60
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Klintman, Daniel, Xiang Li, and Henrik Thorlacius. "Important Role of P-Selectin for Leukocyte Recruitment, Hepatocellular Injury, and Apoptosis in Endotoxemic Mice." Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 11, no. 1 (January 2004): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.11.1.56-62.2004.
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ABSTRACT Leukocyte recruitment in the liver includes a two-step procedure in which selectin-dependent leukocyte rolling is a prerequisite for subsequent CD18-dependent leukocyte firm adhesion in postsinusoidal venules. However, the roles of the individual selectins in leukocyte rolling and adhesion, hepatocellular injury, and apoptosis remain elusive. Therefore, we examined the pathophysiological role of P-, E-, and L-selectin in male C57BL/6 mice challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and d-galactosamine (Gal) by use of intravital microscopy of the liver microcirculation. In control animals, administration of LPS-Gal provoked reproducible hepatic damage, including marked increases of leukocyte recruitment, liver enzymes, and hepatocyte apoptosis and reduced sinusoidal perfusion. Interestingly, pretreatment with an anti-P-selectin antibody (RB40.34) markedly reduced leukocyte rolling and firm adhesion by 65 and 71%, respectively. Moreover, interference with P-selectin function significantly improved sinusoidal perfusion and reduced the increase in liver enzymes by 49 to 84% in endotoxemic mice. Moreover, the activity of caspase-3 and the number of apoptotic hepatocytes were significantly reduced by 55 and 54%, respectively, in RB40.34-treated animals. In contrast, administration of an anti-E-selectin antibody (10E9.6) and an anti-L-selectin antibody (Mel-14) did not protect against endotoxin-induced leukocyte responses or hepatic injury. In conclusion, our novel findings document a principal role of P-selectin in mediating leukocyte rolling, a precondition to the subsequent firm adhesion of leukocytes in liver injury. Furthermore, our novel data demonstrate that inhibition of P-selectin function reduces hepatocellular injury and apoptosis, suggesting a causal relationship between leukocyte recruitment on one hand and hepatocellular injury and apoptosis on the other hand. Based on these findings, it is suggested that P-selectin may be an important therapeutic target in endotoxin-induced liver injury.
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Palazzo, Francesco, Alessandra Nardi, Niloofar Lamouchideli, Alfio Caronti, Anas Alashram, Elvira Padua, and Giuseppe Annino. "The effect of age, sex and a firm-textured surface on postural control." Experimental Brain Research 239, no. 7 (May 14, 2021): 2181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00221-021-06063-2.
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AbstractIn previous studies, the influence of plantar sensation has been examined using various textured surfaces with different stiffness materials to assess static balance. This study investigated the effects of a Firm Textured Surface (FTS) along with age and sex-related influences on postural control under different visual conditions. Forty subjects (20 elderly, 10 males, mean age 68.30, 10 females, mean age 68.00, and 20 young people, 10 males, mean age 25.45, 10 females, mean age 27.30) participated in this study maintained a quiet standing on FTS, foam and firm surfaces with eyes open and closed. The center of pressure displacement (CoPDISP), CoP velocity (CoPVEL), and sway velocity of the CoP in anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) direction (VA/P and VM/L) were measured. FTS was associated with lower postural sway measures in both the groups with eyes open and closed. However, the foam surface showed the worst results in all postural parameters under all experimental conditions. Separate four-way ANOVAs were applied to each dependent variable. The main effects of surface (p < 0.0001), vision (p < 0.0001) and age (p < 0.0001 for CoPDISP, CoPVEL and VA/P; p = 0.0003 for VM/L) were significant in each of the four fitted models. Sex was never significant, either as a main effect or an interaction with other experimental factors. Eyes open were able to reduce the negative effects of the foam surfaces but without vision the proprioceptive sensory system cues of the body state become more important for maintaining balance. A good stimulation with rigid texture should be considered as relief to reduce the physiological-related decline of afferent information with age.
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Forlow, S. Bradley, and Klaus Ley. "Selectin-independent leukocyte rolling and adhesion in mice deficient in E-, P-, and L-selectin and ICAM-1." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 280, no. 2 (February 1, 2001): H634—H641. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.2001.280.2.h634.
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To study selectin-independent leukocyte recruitment and the role of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), we generated mice lacking all three selectins and ICAM-1 (E/P/L/I−/−) by bone marrow transplantation. These mice were viable and appeared healthy under vivarium conditions, although they showed a 97% reduction in leukocyte rolling, a 63% reduction in leukocyte firm adhesion, and a 99% reduction of neutrophil recruitment in a thioglycollate-induced model of peritonitis at 4 and 24 h. Mononuclear cell recruitment was almost unaffected. All residual leukocyte rolling and most leukocyte adhesion in these mice depended on α4-integrins, but a small number of leukocytes (6% of wild-type control) still became adherent in the absence of all known rolling mechanisms (E-, P-, L-selectin and α4-integrins). A striking similarity of leukocyte adhesion efficiency in E/P/L−/− and E/P/I−/− mice suggests a pathway in which leukocyte rolling through L-selectin requires ICAM-1 for adhesion and recruitment. Comparison of our data with mice lacking individual or other combinations of adhesion molecules reveal that elimination of more adhesion molecules further reduces leukocyte recruitment but the effect is less than additive.
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Maron, Marcin. "Filmowa neoawangarda i początki sztuki video." Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio L – Artes 15, no. 2 (September 19, 2018): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/l.2017.15.2.37.
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<p>Artykuł w syntetyczny sposób omawia najważniejsze zjawiska filmu eksperymentalnego w kontekście pojęcia i praktyki sztuki neoawangardowej od II połowy lat 60. do połowy lat 70. XX wieku. Na początku przypomniana została pierwsza i druga faza rozwoju filmu eksperymentalnego w związku z istnieniem tzw. Wielkiej Awangardy oraz z działalnością jej kontynuatorów po Ii wojnie światowej w USA. Nastepnie zdefiniowane zostało pojęcie neoawangardy w odniesieniu do ujęcia, które zparoponował Frank Popper. W dalszej części artykułu jego autor omawia zasady oraz najważniejsze przykłady filmów neoawangardowych m. in: film strukturalny, kino porzeszone, intermedia. Ważną częścią artykułu jest przedstawienie początków, idei oraz najważniejszych rodzajów sztuki video. W artykule omówione zostały filmy takich autorów jak m. in. Paul Sharits, Peter Kubelka, Peter Campus, Bill Viola i innych.</p><p> </p><strong>Film Neo-Avant-garde and the Beginnings of Video Art</strong><p>SUMMARY</p><p>The article comprehensively discusses the most important phenomena of experimental film in the context of the concept and practice of neo-avant-garde art from the latter half of the nineteen-sixties to the mid-nineteen-seventies. The paper begins by referring to the first and second phase of the development of experimental film in connection with the existence of the so-called Great Avant-garde and the activity of its continuators after World War Two in the USA. The text then defines the concept of neo-avant-garde in relation to the interpretation proposed by Frank Popper. The article then discusses the principles and the most important examples of neo-avant-garde films, inter alia structural film, widened cinema, or intermedia. An important part of the article is the presentation of the beginnings, idea and the major types of video art. The paper also discusses the films by such authors as inter alia Paul Sharits, Peter Kubelka, Peter Campus, Bill Viola, and others.</p>
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Terada, Lance S., John E. Repine, Dale Piermattei, and Brooks M. Hybertson. "Endogenous nitric oxide decreases xanthine oxidase-mediated neutrophil adherence: role of P-selectin." Journal of Applied Physiology 82, no. 3 (March 1, 1997): 913–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1997.82.3.913.
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Terada, Lance S., John E. Repine, Dale Piermattei, and Brooks M. Hybertson. Endogenous nitric oxide decreases xanthine oxidase-mediated neutrophil adherence: role of P-selectin. J. Appl. Physiol. 82(3): 913–917, 1997.—The oxygen radical-producing enzyme xanthine oxidase (XO) can promote neutrophil adherence to endothelium. Recognizing that a balance often exists in inflammatory processes, we sought to determine whether XO initiates antiadherent pathways. We found that bovine pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (EC) exposed to XO released increased amounts of nitrite into the media, reflecting an increased production of nitric oxide (NO). When EC were subjected to shear stress, treatment with XO and/or the NO synthase inhibitor Nω-nitro-l-arginine (l-NNA) increased neutrophil rolling behavior and firm neutrophil adherence to EC in an additive fashion. Both rolling and adherent interactions were abolished by monoclonal antibodies directed against P-selectin. In addition, treatment of EC with XO and/orl-NNA increased both surface expression of P-selectin and release of von Willebrand factor into media. Finally, treatment of EC with the NO donor sodium nitroprusside decreased XO-mediated neutrophil rolling and adherence. We conclude that XO stimulates EC to produce NO and that NO decreases the P-selectin-dependent neutrophil adhesion initiated by XO. Such increases in endogenous NO may constitute an important negative-feedback response to the acute proadhesive effects of XO.
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Thorlacius, H., L. Lindbom, and J. Raud. "Cytokine-induced leukocyte rolling in mouse cremaster muscle arterioles in P-selectin dependent." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 272, no. 4 (April 1, 1997): H1725—H1729. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1997.272.4.h1725.
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Leukocyte rolling and adhesion are generally observed in venules but rarely observed in arterioles. With the use of intravital microscopy, we found that a 4-h treatment with interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) dose dependently induced leukocyte rolling and adhesion in arterioles of the mouse cremaster muscle. The rolling response lasted more than 24 h and was completely inhibited by treatment with the sulfated polysaccharide fucoidin. Moreover, we found that costimulation with IL-1beta and TNF-alpha for 4 h synergistically increased arteriolar leukocyte rolling, i.e., threshold doses of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha together caused a more than 10-fold increase of rolling in arterioles compared with the sum of the individual responses. This rolling interaction was abolished by treatment with a monoclonal antibody directed against P-selectin (RB40.34), but it apparently was unaffected by a monoclonal antibody against L-selectin (MEL-14). Taken together, our functional data show that IL-1beta and TNF-alpha separately induce and synergistically increase P-selectin-dependent leukocyte rolling and firm adhesion in mouse cremaster arterioles.
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Lindgren, Maria, Jennell White, Ke Liu, Lena Jendeberg, and Patrick C. Hines. "Sevuparin Blocks Sickle Blood Cell Adhesion and Sickle-Leukocyte Rolling on Immobilized L-Selectin in a Dose Dependent Manner." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 2482. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.2482.2482.
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Abstract Background: The cause and continuation of vaso-occlusion in sickle cell disease (SCD) are fueled by the sickle-Red Blood Cells interactions with multiple other cell populations, promoting inflammation, obstructing the vasculature, and injuring the endothelium, leading to broad manifestations that affect most vital organs. Recent studies have identified multiple cellular components and molecular factors that contribute to the pathophysiology of SCD as reviewed by Zhang et al 2016 in Blood. It is likely that a multi-targeted approach for addressing SCD vaso-occlusion will be required to achieve the best clinical outcome. Sevuparin (DF02), a novel drug in Phase 2 for acute treatment of vaso-occlusive crisis in SCD (NCT02515838), is a polysaccharide blocking abnormal adhesion and thereby normalizing obstructed blood flow. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown potent anti-adhesive effects with a multimodal mechanism of action. In this study, we evaluate the effects of sevuparin on the adhesion of sickle whole blood from individual patients to endothelial cells (HUVECs) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) (Flow Firm Adhesion) and sickle-leukocyte rolling adhesion on L-selectin (Flow Dynamic Adhesion) using a standardized microfluidic flow-based adhesion assay. Methods: Blood was obtained from homozygous SCD patients (n = 12, age range 15-25yrs) in sodium citrate after obtaining informed consent. A comprehensive assessment of the effect of sevuparin on whole blood adhesive properties during simulated blood flow was assessed using standardized Flow Firm Adhesion and Flow Dynamic Adhesion assays (Functional Fluidics, Detroit MI). Flow Firm Adhesion: Whole blood firm adhesion was measured during physiologic flow in microfluidic channels (Fluxion-Bioflux 1000, San Francisco, CA) coated with either VCAM-1 or cultured HUVECs. HUVECs were activated by TNF-alpha (25ng/mL x 24 hrs.) and Histamine (100mM x 10min) prior to the assay. Whole blood was treated with increasing doses of sevuparin (0, 3, 7, 21, 200µg/mL) for 30 min. Dose response of whole blood adhesion index (cells/mm2) to sevuparin was measured. Flow Dynamic Adhesion: Rolling adhesion of isolated sickle-leukocytes on an L-selectin coated microfluidic channel was measured during physiologic flow. Isolated sickle-leukocytes were treated with increasing doses of sevuparin (0, 3, 7, 21, 200µg/mL) for 30 min. Dose response of rolling cell density (cells/mm2), rolling cell percentage (%), and average rolling velocity (µm/s) to sevuparin was assessed. Cell identification and tracking of rolling were digitally analyzed. Results:Statistically significant inhibition of sickle whole blood adhesion to HUVECs was observed at 3.0 µg/mL of sevuparin (p<0.001). In the same manner, statistically significant inhibition of sickle whole blood adhesion to VCAM-1 was observed at 200 µg/mL of sevuparin (p=0.033, absolute adhesion, p=0.001, % baseline adhesion). Each patient sample demonstrated a reduction in adhesion. Sevuparin also demonstrated a statistically significant dose-dependent reduction of sickle leukocyte rolling cell density (cells/mm2), rolling cell percentage (%), and an increase in average rolling velocity (µm/s) on L-selectin. Patient-to-patient variability in sevuparin response was observed. Conclusions: Sevuparin blocks both sickle whole blood and isolated sickle-leukocyte adhesive interactions under physiologic flow at clinically relevant concentrations. The blocking of adhesion to VCAM-1 indicates that sevuparin acts in the same manner as other heparinoids in vitro, and block the interaction with VLA-4. L-selectin is another possible target for sevuparin therapy now confirmed at the cellular level. Clinically, Okpala et al 2002 has shown that L-selectin expression by monocytes is increased in vaso-occlusive crises, compared to steady state and that both mononuclear cell and neutrophil L-selectin expression is also higher in patients with certain complications of SCD. Here we show that sevuparin acts in a multicellular manner, blocking both SS-RBC firm adhesion and L-selectin-mediated rolling adhesion of sickle-leukocytes, as well as functionally interacting with yet another key adhesion receptor VCAM-1. This further adds to sevuparin's multimodal action and its potential clinical benefits in treating the complex mechanisms manifested in vaso-occlusion and complications in SCD. Disclosures Lindgren: Dilaforette AB: Employment. White:Functional Fluidics: Employment, Equity Ownership. Liu:Functional Fluidics: Employment, Equity Ownership. Jendeberg:Dilaforette AB: Employment. Hines:Fucntional Fluidics: Employment, Equity Ownership.
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Ley, K., A. Zakrzewicz, C. Hanski, LM Stoolman, and GS Kansas. "Sialylated O-glycans and L-selectin sequentially mediate myeloid cell rolling in vivo." Blood 85, no. 12 (June 15, 1995): 3727–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v85.12.3727.bloodjournal85123727.
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Leukocyte rolling precedes firm adhesion and emigration in inflammatory cell recruitment. Both P-selectin, an endothelial lectin that binds to sialylated O-glycans containing sialyl-Lewisx (sLex) on the granulocyte surface, and leukocyte L-selectin have been shown to mediate leukocyte rolling in vivo. Here, we investigate rolling of isolated human neutrophils (PMN), HL-60 promyelocytes, and an L-selectin-transfected cell line (300.19-L) during trauma-induced inflammation in rat mesenteric venules. HL-60 cells, which express no L-selectin but abundant sLex, rolled effectively immediately after abdominal surgery. HL-60 cell rolling was almost completely abolished by pretreatment with sialidase or monoclonal antibody (MoAb) AM-3 recognizing sLex, and was reduced by about 80% by O-sialoglycoprotein-endopeptidase (OSGP). By contrast, 300.19-L cells rolled poorly immediately after surgery but rolled well between 40 and 120 minutes after surgery. Their rolling was completely inhibited by the blocking L-selectin MoAb LAM1–3, but not by a binding control MoAb. PMN express both L-selectin and clustered, sialylated glycoproteins including P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1). PMN showed effective rolling at all times, which was abolished by sialidase or MoAb AM-3 pretreatment during the first 30 minutes after surgery, but not later, when PMN rolling was largely L-selectin-dependent. We conclude that in trauma-induced inflammation, a two-step mechanism accounts for most of myeloid cell rolling, which initially requires O-glycans and subsequently depends on L-selectin function.
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Song, H. H., and C. S. Wang. "Novel anisotropic texture of rigid-rod poly(p-phenylene benzobisthiazole) film." Polymer 34, no. 22 (January 1993): 4793–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-3861(93)90721-l.
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Biego, Godi H. M., Amoin G. Konan, Togba E. Douati, and L. P. Kouadio. "Physicochemical Quality of Kernels from Terminalia catappa L. and Sensory Evaluation of the Concocted Kernels." Sustainable Agriculture Research 1, no. 2 (July 4, 2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v1n2p1.
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<p>This study focused on the physicochemical characterization of the kernels from <em>Terminalia catappa</em> L. and sensory evaluation of appetizers concocted from these kernels. The results of the physicochemical analyzes were as follow: ash (4.0±0.1%), proteins (40.9±1.3%), lipids (50.6±1.0%), total sugars (1.4±0.1%), reducing sugars (0.3±0.01%) and moisture content (3.8±0.4%). Acid and peroxide values were respectively 1.3±0.2% and 6.30±0.23 meq O<sub>2</sub>/kg oil. Two appetizers were concocted from the fresh kernels of <em>Terminalia catappa</em> L: Salted Roasted Kernels (SRK) and Unsalted Roasted Kernels (URK). A comparison of sensory profiles of both appetizers showed that they were not significantly different (p<5%) for the parameters sweet and oily but different (p<5%) for the parameters salty, bitter and firm. However, the tasters’ preference for the Salted Roasted Kernels was not significantly different from their preference for the Unsalted Roasted Kernels. The appetizers from <em>Terminalia catappa</em> L. (SRK and URK) were then compared to other appetizers readily available in markets and malls: Salted Roasted Peanuts (SRP), Unsalted Roasted Peanuts (URP), Unsalted Roasted Hazelnuts (URH) and Salted Roasted Cashew nuts (SRC). The preference order was: URH<URK<SRK<URP<SRC<SRP.</p>
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Paul Choi, Byeongyong, Jin Park, and Chia‐Ling Ho. "Liquidity creation or de‐creation: evidence from US property and liability insurance industry." Managerial Finance 39, no. 10 (August 23, 2013): 938–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mf-11-2012-0243.
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PurposeThe purpose of this study is two‐fold. The first purpose is to properly measure the level of US property and liability (P/L) insurers liquidity creation, applying the liquidity creation measure developed by Berger and Bouwman. The second purpose is to identify factors affecting P/L insurers' liquidity creation using a regression. Particularly, this paper tests two competing hypotheses regarding the relationship between the level of capital and liquidity creation.Design/methodology/approachThe paper calculates liquidity creation for the US P/L insurers. First, the paper categorizes all items in assets, liabilities and surplus into liquid, semi‐liquid, or illiquid. This process is based on the ease, cost, and time for insurers to meet their contractual obligation to obtain liquid funds or to pay off their liability. The paper also constructs the regression model to test the impact of insurers' surplus level on liquidity creation while controlling for the firm‐specific variables. The paper examines this relationship for the time period between 1998 and 2007.FindingsContrary to the study of depository institutions, the paper reports that P/L insurers are liquidity destroyers than liquidity creators. This paper also provides that liquidity destruction varies over time and differs among insurers in different size. The total amount of liquidity destruction ranges from 47 to 58 percent of insurer total asset. In addition, the results of a regression show that insurer capital is negatively related to the level of liquidity creation. This provides implications that insurers with lower level of capital face more regulatory requirements and are forced to meet liquidity demand more.Practical implicationsThe level of liquidity creation and the trend of liquidity creation of P/L insurers are of particular interest to regulators and consumers because the level of liquidity creation as shown during the financial crisis has a significant adverse impact on the financial intermediaries.Originality/valueThe paper do not aware of any study that attempts to measure liquidity creation by insurers and its relationship with both organizational and financial characteristics. The paper reports that P/L insurers are, unlike depository institutions, liquidity destroyers. Whether or not P/L insurers create/destroy liquidity is an interesting economic question to shed light on the roles of P/L insurers as a financial intermediary.
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Olivera, Daniela F., Alicia Mugridge, Alicia R. Chaves, Rodolfo H. Mascheroni, and Sonia Z. Viña. "Quality Attributes of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) Pods as Affected by Cultivar and Fruit Size." Journal of Food Research 1, no. 4 (October 30, 2012): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v1n4p224.
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<p>Okra is a vegetable widely grown in the tropics, sub-tropics and warmer areas of the temperate zones. Fruit quality plays an important role in marketability and it is mainly related to the characteristic pod length. This work was intended to classify okra fruits belonging to different genotypes (a local variety - LV - and the cultivars Emerald, Clemson Spineless and Annie Oakley II) according to their length and to compare certain quality attributes. LV fruits were considerably firm although they were smaller, thus they should be more suitable for canning or pickling. The hybrid material (Annie Oakley II) yielded high quality fruits. These fruits may be destined for fresh consumption, given that they showed lower fibrousness. At the same time, they had high dry matter content, being suitable for dehydration. Okra fruits highlighted for their contribution of phenolic compounds.Total phenols levels significantly increased with fruit size in LV fruits, meanwhile no significant difference was observed for Annie Oakley II samples. Total flavonoids content showed a similar tendency although values did not differ significantly. Total flavonoids represented between 18-22% of the total phenols contents for the analyzed samples.</p>
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Diacovo, Thomas G., Michelle D. Catalina, Mark H. Siegelman, and Ulrich H. von Andrian. "Circulating Activated Platelets Reconstitute Lymphocyte Homing and Immunity in L-selectin–Deficient Mice." Journal of Experimental Medicine 187, no. 2 (January 19, 1998): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.187.2.197.
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Peripheral lymph nodes (PLN) are critical for immunologic memory formation in response to antigens that penetrate the skin. Blood-borne lymphocytes first encounter such antigens after they home to PLN through a multi-step adhesion process that is normally initiated by L-selectin (CD62L) in high endothelial venules (HEV). Since naive T cells can not enter PLN normally in L-selectin–deficient mice, a delayed type hypersensitivity response to cutaneously applied antigen cannot be mounted. In this study, we report that the administration of activated platelets into the systemic circulation of L-selectin knockout mice restores lymphocyte trafficking to PLN, and reconstitutes T cell–mediated immunity in response to a cutaneous antigen. These effects required platelet-expressed P-selectin that allows activated platelets to transiently form a bridge between lymphocytes and HEV, thereby enabling lymphocytes to undergo subsequent β2 integrin-dependent firm adhesion. These profound effects of platelet-mediated cell–cell interactions on lymphocyte trafficking and formation of immunologic memory may impact on a variety of autoimmune and inflammatory conditions.
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Yakimchuk, R. A. "Cytogenetic disorders in Triticum aestivum L. cells, induced by heavy metal releases from industrial production." Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 8, no. 1 (February 13, 2018): 317–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2018_217.
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<p>A cytogenetic analysis of meristem cells of <em>Triticum aestivum</em><em> </em>L. of primary rootlets, affected by soil heavy metal (HM) contamination in the industrial zones of SC “Poltavachimmash” in Poltava city, PPC “Specialized company for thermal processing of firm household garbage” (SCTPFHG) in Khrakiv city, PrSC “Avtoradiator” in Mariupol city, CC (commercial company) “Poltava concrete product plant” (PCPP) in Poltava city, SJC “Luhansk accumulator producing company” in Luhansk city, UC “Lubny water supply station” in Lubny city and the territory near B. Khmelnytskyi Street in Kostiantynivka, was made. The frequency of aberrant cells of sprout root meristem of cultivar Al’batros odes’kyi was 1.37-2.30 % and that of cultivar Zymoiarka – 1.22-1.84 %, which exceeded the indicators of a background level by 1.9-3 and 1.6-2,5 times, correspondingly (Svatky village, Poltava region). The highest cytogenetic activity was recorded within the territory of the industrial zones of PrSC “Avtoradiator”, SC “Poltavachimmash”, SJC “Luhansk accumulator producing company”, the soils there were characterized by intensive Cd, Pb і Zn contamination. Significant differences in the levels of cytogenetic disorders depending on a wheat cultivar genotype, induced by high concentrations of soil toxic metals in the industrial zone of PPC “Specialized company for thermal processing of firm household garbage” and the territory near B. Khmel’nytskyi Street in Kostiantynivka, can be caused by physiological-genetic peculiarities of the plants and a possible effect of non-differentiated factors, specific for each territory. Complex effect of low HM concentrations, typical for soil contamination of the industrial zone of CC “Poltava concrete product plant”, showed the lowest cytogenetic activity. Soil contamination with HM in the industrial zones and the areas affected by industrial releases resulted in a wide spectrum of cytogenetic disorders: fragmentation, advance and lagging chromosomes, formation of chromosome and chromatid bridges, ring chromosomes, micronuclei. A significant increase of the cells with advance and lagging chromosomes was seen under the effect of HM soil contamination of the industrial zones of PrSC “Avtoradiator”, SC “Poltavachimmash”, UC “Lubny water supply station” and the territory near B. Khmel’nytskyi Street in Kostiantynivka, Cd, Pb і Zn predominating among them. The induction with high frequency of aneuploid cells shows active interaction of HM with the threads of spindle division which allows using the violation fact of chromosome segregation as an indicator of HM contamination of the environment. As a result of wheat seed sprouting in the soil with the highest HM content (PPC “Specialized Company for thermal processing of firm household garbage”, PrSC “Avtoradiator”, SC “Poltavachimmash”, UC “Lubny water supply station” and the territory near B. Khmelnytskyi Street in Kostiantynivka), besides mentioned-above chromosome aberrations and mitosis pathology in meristem cells, the following complicated cytogenetic disorders occurred: single/pair fragments and bridge; pair fragments and lagging chromosomes; pair fragments, bridge and ring chromosome; pair fragments, chromosome bridge and micronucleus. High cytogenetic activity of HM soil contamination, caused by industrial releases, confirms genetic threat for the organisms of above-ground ecosystems and suggests the necessity to work out a national program of large-scale genetic monitoring over techno-genic contamination of the territories in the industrial regions of Ukraine.</p>
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Reinert, Senia Smoot, Allison L. Kinney, Kurt Jackson, Wiebke Diestelkamp, and Kimberly Bigelow. "Age Stratification and Sample Entropy Analysis Enhance the Limits of Stability Tests for Older Adults." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 33, no. 6 (December 1, 2017): 419–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2016-0019.
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The objective of this study was to determine if a foam testing condition and/or nonlinear analysis methods can be used to identify differences between age stratified subgroups of older adults when conducting the Limits of Stability assessment. Ninety older adults participated in this study. A force plate was used to record center of pressure data during Limits of Stability testing on a firm and foam surface. Participants were grouped into age-stratified subgroups: young-old (60–69 years), middle-old (70–79 years), and old-old (80+ years). Anterior-posterior (A/P) and medial-lateral (M/L) sway ranges and sample entropy values were calculated. The young-old group had significantly larger A/P and M/L sway ranges than the old-old group on both surfaces. A/P sample entropy increased significantly with age. M/L sample entropy increased significantly with age between the young-old and old-old and the middle-old and old-old groups. Sample entropy values between surfaces significantly differed for all groups. These results indicate Limits of Stability differences occur between older adults of different age groups and should be taken into consideration for clinical and research testing. Nonlinear analysis may help further identify differences in Limits of Stability performance while use of a foam surface is of limited additional value.
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Engle, David M. "Fire in North American Tallgrass Prairies – S. L. Collins and L. L. Wallace (Editors). University of Oklahoma Press, Norman. 1990. 175 p. $14.95." Weed Technology 5, no. 1 (March 1991): 247–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00033625.
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SINGH, M., H. THIPPAREDDI, R. K. PHEBUS, J. L. MARSDEN, T. J. HERALD, and A. L. NUTSCH. "Efficacy of Cetylpyridinium Chloride against Listeria monocytogenes and Its Influence on Color and Texture of Cooked Roast Beef†." Journal of Food Protection 68, no. 11 (November 1, 2005): 2349–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-68.11.2349.
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Sliced (cut) and exterior (intact) surfaces of restructured cooked roast beef were inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes, treated with cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC; immersion in 500 ml of 1% solution for 1 min), individually vacuum packaged, and stored for 42 days at 0 or 4°C. Noninoculated samples were similarly treated, packaged, and stored to determine effects on quality (color and firmness) and on naturally occurring bacterial populations, including aerobic plate counts and lactic acid bacteria. Immediately after CPC treatment, regardless of inoculation level, L. monocytogenes populations were reduced (P = 0.05) by about 2 log CFU/cm2 on sliced surfaces and by about 4 log CFU/cm2 on exterior surfaces. Throughout 42 days of refrigerated storage (at both 0 and 4°C), L. monocytogenes populations on CPC-treated samples remained lower (P = 0.05) than those of nontreated samples for both surface types. After 42 days of storage at both 0 and 4°C, aerobic plate count and lactic acid bacteria populations of treated samples were 1 to 1.5 log CFU/cm2 lower (P = 0.05) than those of nontreated samples for both surface types. CPC treatment resulted in negligible effects (P > 0.05) on the color (L*, a*, and b* values) of exterior and sliced roast beef surfaces during storage. For both sliced and exterior surfaces, CPC-treated samples were generally less firm than nontreated samples. CPC treatment effectively reduced L. monocytogenes populations on roast beef surfaces and resulted in relatively minor impacts on color and texture attributes. CPC treatment, especially when applied to products prior to slicing, may serve as an effective antimicrobial intervention for ready-to-eat meat products.
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Mallia, J. G., S. Barbut, J.-P. Vaillancourt, S. W. Martin, and S. A. McEwen. "A dark, firm, dry-like condition in breast meat of roaster chickens condemned for ascites, valgus-varus deformity and emaciation." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 80, no. 1 (March 1, 2000): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a99-015.
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Chicken carcasses with dark, firm, dry traits (DFD) are currently condemned in Canada for cyanosis. Reconsideration of the current policy requires tests for distinguishing DFD carcasses from those that are inadequately bled. Birds in other categories such as ascites (AS), emaciation (EM), and valgus-varus deformity (VVD) may also present a dark carcass color. Chickens condemned for DFD and inadequate bleeding (IB), and also for AS, EM and VVD were collected, and visually separated into "light" or "dark" groups. Color (Commission Intern. de l'Eclairage L*a*b*) and pH were measured at slaughter, on four fixed sites of the pectoralis major. pH was highly and negatively correlated with L* for AS (r = –0.57), EM (r = –0.64), and VVD (r = –0.66). The dark classes of EM and VVD were not significantly different (P > 0.05) for pH, L*, and a* from DFD carcasses, but the dark AS class was redder and less acidic than DFD carcasses. Color and pH were not correlated in the inadequately-bled group, which was lighter, less red, and more acidic than the DFD group. Tests based on pH and a*, used to distinguish DFD from inadequately bled carcasses, showed good sensitivity and specificity. The agreement beyond chance between the pH and a* tests was good (Kappa = 0.65). We conclude (1) that a DFD-like condition was present in the dark classes of AS, EM and VVD, and (2) that inadequately bled chickens can be distinguished from those with DFD traits by the use of tests based on pH and a*. Key words: Poultry color, rapid tests, chicken, dark firm dry meat, cyanosis
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Jiang, Bo Quan, and Zheng Qiang Xiao. "Optimization, Characterization and Kinetic Model of Electroless Ni-P Deposition on Quartz Optical Fiber Surface." Advanced Materials Research 322 (August 2011): 428–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.322.428.
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Electroless plating was used to deposit Ni-P films on quartz optical fiber surface. The optimal bath compositions and operation conditions were determined by orthogonal experiment: nickel sulfate 0.133 mol/L, sodium hypophosphite 0.30 mol/L, propionic acid 0.268 mol/L, boric acid 0.452 mol/L, pH 5.0 and temperature 84°C. Stereomicroscope, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffractometer, energy spectrometer and thermal shock test were used to characterize the morphologies, structures, compositions and adhesion of the Ni-P films. The results showed that a Ni-P film with good smoothness and adhesion as well as low resistivity was fabricated. The kinetic model was established and proven by the experiments.
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HOOPER-KINDER, C. A., P. M. DAVIDSON, and S. K. DUCKETT. "Growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium DT104, and Listeria monocytogenes in Dark Cutting Beef at 10 or 22° C†." Journal of Food Protection 65, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 196–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-65.1.196.
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An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of the dark, firm, and dry (DFD) condition of beef on growth of the foodborne pathogens Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium DT104, and Listeria monocytogenes Scott A in ground beef. Longissimus muscles from a DFD carcass (pH = 6.45) and normal carcass (N; pH = 5.64) were ground and samples obtained (100 and 0% DFD, respectively). Equal amounts of the 0 and 100% DFD ground samples were mixed to obtain 50% DFD samples. Inoculated 0, 50, and 100% DFD samples were packaged into oxygen-permeable overwrap and stored at 10°C for E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium DT104, and L. monocytogenes Scott A or at 22°C for E. coli O157:H7. Growth characteristics of E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium DT104, and L. monocytogenes Scott A did not differ (P > 0.05) between 0 and 100% DFD. Results indicated that the DFD beef used in this study was no more susceptible to growth of E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, or L. monocytogenes Scott A than N beef.
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Hartwell, Daqing, and Denisa Wagner. "New Discoveries with Mice Mutant in Endothelial and Platelet Selectins." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 82, no. 08 (1999): 850–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1615922.
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IntroductionThe selectin family of adhesion receptors consists of three members: P-, E-, and L-selectin. P-selectin is constitutively present in the α-granules of platelets and Weibel-Palade bodies of endothelial cells and is rapidly translocated to the cell surface upon activation. E-selectin is synthesized and expressed by activated endothelial cells, whereas L-selectin is constitutively expressed by leukocytes. All three selectins support the rolling of leukocytes on endothelium, which is a prerequisite to firm adhesion and extravasation of leukocytes mediated by integrins and members of the immunoglobulin superfamily.1,2 More recently, it has been demonstrated that P- and E-selectin also support platelet rolling in venules, which will be discussed below. In addition, P-selectin expressed on the surface of activated platelets also mediates platelet-leukocyte adhesion.3,4 Since the discovery of the selectins, considerable efforts have been devoted to uncover the functions of these molecules. The development of genetically engineered animals deficient in one or more of the adhesion receptors has provided a unique opportunity and an alternative approach to antibody-blocking experiments for defining the contribution of each of the molecules in normal physiology and pathological conditions. At this time, mice deficient in a single selectin, all combinations of two of the selectins, and all three selectins have been produced by gene targeting.5-10 In this chapter, we will discuss some of the recent findings obtained using mice deficient in P-selectin alone (P-/-), both P- and E-selectin (P/E-/-), and mice expressing Pselectin with a deleted cytoplasmic domain (ΔCT).
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Seo, Hyungseok, Eugene Kim, Haesun Jung, Young-Jin Lim, Jin Wook Kim, Chul-Kee Park, Young-Bem Se, Young-Tae Jeon, Jung-Won Hwang, and Hee-Pyoung Park. "A prospective randomized trial of the optimal dose of mannitol for intraoperative brain relaxation in patients undergoing craniotomy for supratentorial brain tumor resection." Journal of Neurosurgery 126, no. 6 (August 2016): 1839–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2016.6.jns16537.
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OBJECTIVEMannitol is used intraoperatively to induce brain relaxation in patients undergoing supratentorial brain tumor resection. The authors sought to determine the dose of mannitol that provides adequate brain relaxation with the fewest adverse effects.METHODSA total of 124 patients were randomized to receive mannitol at 0.25 g/kg (Group A), 0.5 g/kg (Group B), 1.0 g/kg (Group C), and 1.5 g/kg (Group D). The degree of brain relaxation was classified according to a 4-point scale (1, bulging; 2, firm; 3, adequate; and 4, perfectly relaxed) by neurosurgeons; Classes 3 and 4 were considered to indicate satisfactory brain relaxation. The osmolality gap (OG) and serum electrolytes were measured before and after mannitol administration.RESULTSThe brain relaxation score showed an increasing trend in patients receiving higher doses of mannitol (p = 0.005). The incidence of satisfactory brain relaxation was higher in Groups C and D than in Group A (67.7% and 64.5% vs 32.2%, p = 0.011 and 0.022, respectively). The incidence of OG greater than 10 mOsm/kg was also higher in Groups C and D than in Group A (100.0% in both groups vs 77.4%, p = 0.011 for both). The incidence of moderate hyponatremia (125 mmol/L ≤ Na+ < 130 mmol/L) was significantly higher in Group D than in other groups (38.7% vs 0.0%, 9.7%, and 12.9% in Groups A, B, and C; p < 0.001, p = 0.008, and p = 0.020, respectively). Hyperkalemia (K+ > 5.0 mmol/L) was observed in 12.9% of patients in Group D only.CONCLUSIONSThe higher doses of mannitol provided better brain relaxation but were associated with more adverse effects. Considering the balance between the benefits and risks of mannitol, the authors suggest the use of 1.0 g/kg of intraoperative mannitol for satisfactory brain relaxation with the fewest adverse effects.Clinical trial registration no.: NCT02168075 (clinicaltrials.gov)
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Ruster, Brigitte, Roxana Bistrian, Stephan Gottig, Erhard Seifried, and Reinhard Henschler. "Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC) Display Coordinated Rolling and Adhesion Behaviour on Endothelial Cells under Shear Flow." Blood 104, no. 11 (November 16, 2004): 670. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.670.670.
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Abstract Although MSC have been applied in a number of transplantation protocols, the mechanisms which are responsible for their extravasation and tissue specific homing are less well understood. To elucidate the potential of MSC to undergo coordinated interaction with endothelial cells, we investigated MSC under controlled shear flow using a parallel plate flow chamber. MSC were isolated from bone marrow of 6 different donors, depleted of hematopoietic cells by plastic adherence to yield >99% CD45− populations and further expanded up to 106 fold in DMEM/FCS/bFGF over 35 days. Their osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential was maintained during the expansion period. Flow cytometric analysis showed that MSC expressed integrins alpha 1, alpha 4, alpha 5 and beta 1, the chemokine receptor CCR6 and, in a small subpopulation also CXCR4, but that they did not express beta 2 integrin, L-selectin or PSGL-1. During continuous laminar flow on early passage HUVEC at wall shear stresses between 0.1 and 1 dyn/cm2, MSC extended cytoplasmic podia towards endothelium, resulting in capturing and subsequent rolling. This resulted in firm adherence of MSC which resisted shear stresses of 2 dyn/cm2 for >20min. This was, in a similar way, also observed with peripheral blood mononuclear cells or CD34+ primary hematopoietic progenitor cells, whereas erythrocytes and primary endothelial cells did not interact with the HUVEC monolayer. Shear stresses of 2 dyn/cm² and more resulted in a decrease of MSC rolling. Prestimulation of endothelial cells with TNF-alpha increased both MSC rolling (3.7-fold ± 0.6 fold) and firm adhesion (3.3 ± 0.3 fold; means ± SD, n=5; p<0.05). Preincubation of endothelial cells with function-blocking anti-P selectin antibodies reduced the number of rolling MSC by 37.7% ± 5.9% and of firmly adhering MSC by 54.6% ± 11.3% (means ± SD; n=4; p<0.05). Although preincubation with function-blocking antibodies against PSGL-1 did not detectably affect MSC rolling and adhesion, preincubation with O-sialoglycoprotease and with fucosidase but not with neuaminidase significantly reduced MSC rolling and adhesion, indicating that a selectin-type ligand is responsible for the binding. Preincubation of MSC with function-blocking anti-beta 1 integrin antibody also led to a statistically significant reduction of MSC firm adhesion by 21.3% ± 5.7%. Taken together, our results demonstrate that MSC can undergo coordinated rolling and adhesion on endothelium under shear flow involving (i) stimulation in a pro-inflammatory environment, (ii) engagement of P-selectin and a fucosylated ligand on MSC inducing capturing and rolling, and (iii) activation of beta 1 integrins mediating firm adhesion to endothelial cells
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Del Giorno, Rosaria, Sofia Gabutti, Chiara Troiani, Kevyn Stefanelli, Raffaele Falciano, Elisa Graziano, Tommaso Rochat Negro, and Luca Gabutti. "Association Between HDL Cholesterol and QTc Interval: A Population-Based Epidemiological Study." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 10 (September 23, 2019): 1527. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8101527.
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Previous experimental studies showed that increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) cholesterol shortens cardiac ventricular repolarization and the QT interval corrected for heart rate (QTc). However, little is known about the epidemiological relationship between HDL and QTc. The potential antiarrhythmic effect of HDL cholesterol remains a speculative hypothesis. In this cross-sectional population based study in adults living in the Italian-speaking part of Switzerland, we aimed to explore the association between HDL cholesterol and the QTc interval in the general population. A total of 1202 subjects were screened. electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings, measurements of lipid parameters and other laboratory tests were performed. QTc was corrected using Bazett’s (QTcBaz) and Framingham (QTcFram) formulas. HDL was categorized according to percentile distributions: <25th (HDL-1; ≤1.39 mmol/L); 25th–<50th (HDL-2; 1.40–1.69 mmol/L); 50th–<75th (HDL-3; 1.69–1.99 mmol/L); and ≥75th (HDL-4; ≥2.0 mmol/L). After exclusion procedures, data of 1085 subjects were analyzed. Compared with the HDL reference group (HDL-1), HDL-2 and HDL-3 were associated with a reduction of QTcBaz and QTcFram duration in crude (HDL-2, QTcBaz/QTcFram: β-11.306/–10.186, SE 4.625/4.016; p = 0.016/0.012; HDL-3, β-12.347/–12.048, SE 4.875/4.233, p = 0.012/<0.001) and adjusted (HDL-2: β-11.697/–10.908, SE 4.333/4.151, p < 0.001/0.010; HDL-3 β-11.786/–11.002, SE 4.719/4.521, p = 0.014/0.016) linear regression models in women. In adjusted logistic regression models higher HDL, were also associated with lower risk of prolonged QTcBaz/QTcFram (HDL-2: OR 0.16/0.17, CI 0.03–0.83/0.47–0.65; HDL-3: OR 0.10/0.14, CI 0.10–0.64/0.03–0.63) in women. Restricted cubic spline analysis confirmed a non linear association (p < 0.001). The present findings indicate an epidemiological association between HDL cholesterol and QTc duration. To draw firm conclusions, further investigations in other populations and with a prospective cohort design are needed.
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Suematsu, M., T. Tamatani, F. A. Delano, M. Miyasaka, M. Forrest, H. Suzuki, and G. W. Schmid-Schonbein. "Microvascular oxidative stress preceding leukocyte activation elicited by in vivo nitric oxide suppression." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 266, no. 6 (June 1, 1994): H2410—H2415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1994.266.6.h2410.
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This study was aimed to determine the mechanism by which endogenous nitric oxide suppression promotes leukocyte adhesion in vivo. The rat mesenteric microcirculation was superfused with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 100 microM), and intracellular oxidant formation in several microcirculatory cellular components such as arteriolar and venular endothelium and mast cells was visually monitored by digital microfluorography assisted by carboxydichlorofluorescein (CDCF), a hydroperoxide-sensitive fluorogenic probe. Adherent leukocyte density was measured simultaneously. L-NAME induced a significant time-dependent increase in CDCF fluorescence in arteriolar and venular endothelium and mast cells followed by firm adhesion of leukocytes. L-NAME-induced CDCF elevation showed a different spatial distribution compared with that evoked by N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, in which only local venular segments with adhering leukocytes exhibited CDCF fluorescence enhancement. The level of hydroperoxide formation in arterioles and venules evoked by 60-min L-NAME superfusion was equivalent to that induced by the superfusion of approximately 880 microM tert-butyl hydroperoxide for 10 min. Pretreatment with anti-intracellular adhesion molecule-1, anti-P-selectin, or anti-CD18 monoclonal antibody attenuated L-NAME-elicited venular leukocyte adhesion without abolishing CDCF fluorescence in situ. Pretreatment with desferioxamine (50 mg/kg iv; 1 h before L-NAME superfusion) significantly diminished the iron-catalyzed hydroperoxide formation in arterioles and venules, but not in interstitial mast cells, as well as subsequent venular leukocyte adhesion. These findings indicate that endogenous nitric oxide may modulate oxidative stress in mast cells, arteriolar and venular microvascular endothelium and thereby can play a crucial role in leukocyte recruitment in venules.
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Bannister, RD, RV Roudsari, and JD Satterthwaite. "Film Thickness of Dentin Desensitizing Agents on Full Crown Preparations: Influence of Product and Gravity." Operative Dentistry 39, no. 6 (November 1, 2014): E241—E249. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/13-215-l.
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SUMMARY Objective To determine the thickness of resin layer formed when dentin desensitizing agents are applied to teeth prepared for full crown restorations. Design In vitro measurements of resin layer thickness. Methods and Materials Forty caries-free human premolar teeth were prepared as for a full metal-ceramic crown restoration with a retention groove placed mesiobuccally. Stratified allocation created five groups of eight teeth, which were treated with various desensitizing agents. Four teeth within each group were treated upright, and four were treated while inverted, resulting in a total of 10 experimental groups. Teeth were sectioned and resin layer thickness measured under an environmental scanning electron microscope at certain sites across the section. Results Analysis was carried out using three-way analysis of variance. On flat tooth surfaces, light-cured resins (Prime & Bond and Seal & Protect) formed layers of 16.2 ± 8.9 μm and 23.4 ± 10.6 μm, respectively. More concave sites had significantly thicker layers (p<0.05) than flat or convex sites. At the internal shoulder angle, mean thicknesses were 84.1 ± 27.8 μm and 104.3 ± 56.6 μm, respectively. At the retention groove, figures were 86.6 ± 3.13 μm and 136.2 ± 72.0 μm. Differences between these two resins were not significant (p>0.05). Light-cured resins formed significantly thicker layers on inverted samples at the occlusal indentation only (p=0.004), with a mean of 66.9 ± 21.6 μm; upright samples had a mean of 36.6 ± 12.4 μm. Self-activating resins (Pain-Free Desensitizer, Viva Sens, and Gluma Desensitizer) formed no consistent layers. Conclusion Within the limitations of this in vitro study, light-cured resins consistently pooled in convex areas of crown preparations. A great portion of retention grooves can potentially become occluded by resin. The self-activating products tested did not form significant layers.
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Yaroslavtsev, Roman N., Lydia A. Chekanova, Sergey V. Komogortsev, and Rauf S. Iskhakov. "Effect of Sodium Hypophosphite Content to the Deposition Rate, Structure and Magnetic Properties of Electroless Deposited Ni-P Alloy." Solid State Phenomena 215 (April 2014): 237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.215.237.
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The deposition kinetics, structure and magnetic properties of electroless deposited films Ni-P were investigated depending on the amount of sodium hypophosphite in the electroless bath. It was found that the film deposition rate is linear and unambiguously varies with the hypophosphite content from 2 to 13 g/l and from 23 to 25 g/l. The deposition rate varies widely in the hypophosphite concentration range from 13 to 23 g/l. The films are composed of amorphous Ni-P phase and fcc Ni-P solid solution with phosphorus content from 1 to 4 at.% P according to X-ray diffraction. The partial amount of amorphous phase is increased with concentration of sodium hypophosphite. The ferromagnetic resonance field is independent on the concentration of sodium hypophosphite, which assumes to be result from the laminated allocation of the amorphous and fcc phases in the film.
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Rego, Francisco C., Stephen C. Bunting, and M. G. Barreira. "Effects of Prescribed Fire on Chamaespartium tridentatum ((L.)P. Gibbs) in Pinus pinaster (Aiton) Forests." Journal of Range Management 41, no. 5 (September 1988): 410. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3899579.
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Fuentes, Eduardo, Lina Badimon, Julio Caballero, Teresa Padró, Gemma Vilahur, Marcelo Alarcón, Pablo Pérez, and Iván Palomo. "Protective mechanisms of adenosine 5′-monophosphate in platelet activation and thrombus formation." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 111, no. 03 (2014): 491–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th13-05-0386.
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SummaryPlatelet activation is relevant to a variety of acute thrombotic events. We sought to examine adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP) mechanisms of action in preventing platelet activation, thrombus formation and platelet-related inflammatory response. We assessed the effect of AMP on 1) P-selectin expression and GPIIb/IIIa activation by flow cytometry; 2) Platelet aggregation and ATP secretion induced by ADP, collagen, TRAP-6, convulxin and thrombin; 3) Platelet rolling and firm adhesion, and platelet-leukocyte interactions under flow-controlled conditions; and, 4) Platelet cAMP levels, sP-selectin, sCD40L, IL-1β, TGF-β1 and CCL5 release, PDE3A activity and PKA phosphorylation. The effect of AMP on in vivo thrombus formation was also evaluated in a murine model. The AMP docking with respect to A2 adenosine receptor was determined by homology. AMP concentration-dependently (0.1 to 3 mmol/l) inhibited P-selectin expression and GPIIb/IIIa activation, platelet secretion and aggregation induced by ADP, collagen, TRAP-6 and convulxin, and diminished platelet rolling and firm adhesion. Furthermore, AMP induced a marked increase in the rolling speed of leukocytes retained on the platelet surface. At these concentrations AMP significantly decreased inflammatory mediator from platelet, increased intraplatelet cAMP levels and inhibited PDE3A activity. Interestingly, SQ22536, ZM241385 and SCH58261 attenuated the antiplatelet effect of AMP. Docking experiments revealed that AMP had the same orientation that adenosine inside the A2 adenosine receptor binding pocket. These in vitro antithrombotic properties were further supported in an in vivo model of thrombosis. Considering the successful use of combined antiplatelet therapy, AMP may be further developed as a novel antiplatelet agent.
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SCHAEFER, A. L., S. D. M. JONES, A. K. W. TONG, and B. A. YOUNG. "EFFECTS OF TRANSPORT AND ELECTROLYTE SUPPLEMENTATION ON ION CONCENTRATIONS, CARCASS YIELD AND QUALITY IN BULLS." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 70, no. 1 (March 1, 1990): 107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas90-012.
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Two experiments were completed to: (1) identify predictive acid-base and electrolyte parameters that might be correlated with meat quality in marketed bulls; and (2) to determine whether bulls could be treated with either glucose or electrolyte drinks while in lairage to improve electrolyte balance and meat quality. In the first experiment, 29 crossbred yearling bulls averaging 499 ± 13.4 kg were exposed to either a minimal stress of no mixing and 3 km transport (N = 13) or a moderate stress of mixing, 6 h transport 24 h off feed in lairage, plus an additional 3 km transport immediately prior to slaughter (N = 16). Animals exposed to moderate stress displayed higher serum chloride values (137 mmol L−1) compared to pre treatment control (121 mmol L−1) or minimal stress values (118 mmol L−1) (P ≤ 0.01). The moderate stress group also displayed lower blood hydrogen ion concentrations (P < 0.05) and produced a high frequency of dark, firm and dry meat (9 out of 16 animals compared to 0 out of 13 in the control group). In the second experiment, 79 crossbred yearling bulls averaging 595 ± 6.5 kg were divided into treatment groups of either 19 or 20 animals each and subjected to mixing, handling and a 6-h transport period after which they were left in lairage for 18–20 h before slaughter. Treatment groups were: (1) no water during lairage; (2) water only; (3) electrolyte drink; or (4) a 5% glucose drink. Animals in exp. 2 given either water or no water displayed significantly higher serum sodium (P ≤ 0.01) and chloride ion (P ≤ 0.02) levels compared to animals offered an electrolyte or glucose drink. It was also found that the urine cation levels of animals offered no water or water only were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05). In all animals, improved electrolyte balance coincided with improved meat quality traits and carcass yield. Key words: Electrolyte balance, transport stress, bulls, carcass quality
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Burr, ML, J. Trembeth, KB Jones, J. Geen, LA Lynch, and ZES Roberts. "The effects of dietary advice and vouchers on the intake of fruit and fruit juice by pregnant women in a deprived area: a controlled trial." Public Health Nutrition 10, no. 6 (June 2007): 559–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980007249730.
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AbstractObjectiveTo examine the effectiveness of two methods of increasing fruit and fruit juice intake in pregnancy: midwives' advice and vouchers exchangeable for juice.DesignPregnant women were randomly allocated to three groups: a control group, who received usual care; an advice group, given advice and leaflets promoting fruit and fruit juice consumption; and a voucher group, given vouchers exchangeable for fruit juice from a milk delivery firm. Dietary questionnaires were administered at ~16, 20 and 32 weeks of pregnancy. Serum β-carotene was measured at 16 and 32 weeks.SettingAn antenatal clinic in a deprived area.SubjectsPregnant women aged 17 years and over.ResultsThe study comprised 190 women. Frequency of fruit consumption declined during pregnancy in all groups, but that of fruit juice increased substantially in the voucher group. Serum β-carotene concentration increased in the voucher group, from 106.2 to 141.8 μmol l− 1in women with measurements on both occasions (P = 0.003), decreased from 120.0 to 99.8 μmol l− 1in the control group (P = 0.005), and was unchanged in the advice group.ConclusionsPregnant women drink more fruit juice if they receive vouchers exchangeable for juice supplied by the milk delivery service. Midwives' advice to eat more fruit has no great effect. Providing vouchers for fruit juice is a simple method of increasing its intake in a deprived population and may be useful for other sections of the community.
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Niemczyk, Marzena, Piotr Przybysz, Kamila Przybysz, Marek Karwański, Adam Kaliszewski, Tomasz Wojda, and Mirko Liesebach. "Productivity, Growth Patterns, and Cellulosic Pulp Properties of Hybrid Aspen Clones." Forests 10, no. 5 (May 24, 2019): 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10050450.
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Research Highlights: This research provides a firm basis for understanding the improved aspen hybrid performance that aims at facilitating optimal clone selection for industrial application. Background and Objectives: Rapid growth and wood properties make aspen (Populus tremula L.) suitable for the production of pulp and paper. We assessed the potential of tree improvement through hybridization to enhance aspen productivity in northern Poland, and investigated the effects of Populus tremula hybridization with Populus tremuloides Michaux and Populus alba L. on the growth and cellulosic pulp properties for papermaking purposes. Materials and Methods: A common garden trial was utilized that included 15 hybrid aspen clones of P. tremula × P. tremuloides, four of P. tremula × P. alba, and one, previously tested P. tremula clone. Clones of P. tremula, plus trees from wild populations, were used as a reference. Tree height and diameter at breast height (DBH) were measured after growing seasons four through seven. At seven years of age, the three clones representing all species combinations were harvested, and their cellulosic pulp properties and paper sheet characteristics were assessed. Results: The clones from wild populations exhibited the poorest growth. In contrast, the clone ‘Wä 13′ (P. tremula × P. tremuloides) demonstrated the highest DBH, height, volume production, and mean annual increment (MAI) (25.4 m3 ha−1 year−1). The MAI ratio calculated for interspecific crosses ranged from 1.35- to 1.42-fold, higher than that for the P. tremula. Chemical properties of pulp, fiber morphology, and the physical properties of paper sheets were more desirable for interspecific hybrid clones than those for the pure P. tremula clone. Conclusions: The results indicated that plantations of hybrid aspen may constitute an important additional source of wood for pulp and paper products in Poland. Our findings further suggested that the standard rotation of these trees may be reduced from 40 to 20 years, increasing overall biomass yield and enhancing atmospheric carbon sequestration.
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Premarathne, A. A. A., and David W. M. Leung. "Characterization of Activity of a Potential Food-Grade Leucine Aminopeptidase from Kiwifruit." Enzyme Research 2010 (November 4, 2010): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2010/517283.
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Aminopeptidase (AP) activity in ripe but firm fruit of Actinidia deliciosa was characterized using L-leucine-p-nitroanilide as a substrate. The enzyme activity was the highest under alkaline conditions and was thermolabile. EDTA, 1,10-phenanthroline, iodoacetamide, and had inhibitory effect while a low concentration of dithiothreitol (DTT) had stimulatory effect on kiwifruit AP activity. However, DTT was not essential for the enzyme activity. The results obtained indicated that the kiwifruit AP was a thiol-dependent metalloprotease. Its activity was the highest in the seeds, followed by the core and pericarp tissues of the fruit. The elution profile of the AP activity from a DEAE-cellulose column suggested that there were at least two AP isozymes in kiwifruit: one unadsorbed and one adsorbed fractions. It is concluded that useful food-grade aminopeptidases from kiwifruit could be revealed using more specific substrates.
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Grossi, Giuseppe, and Patricia Bachiller. "Corporate governance models and their impact on financial performance. Evidence from Italian utility listed companies." Corporate Ownership and Control 9, no. 3 (2012): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv9i3art3.
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This paper analyses the theme of the corporate governance models of Italian utilities companies and explores how the changes of ownership structure after a merger affects financial performance. The objective of this paper is to study whether the mergers of utilities are effective for companies to be more competitive. We compare the financial performance of four Italian utility listed companies listed (A2A, IRIDE, HERA and ENIA) before and after the merger. Specifically we analyse six financial ratios (P/L for period, Profit margin, EBITDA, ROE, ROA and Gearing). Our results show that utility mergers are effective to create a more competitive firm because of the changes in the ownership of the company and consequently in the corporate governance system. Results also indicate that a listed merger company has a higher financial performance those pre-merger companies.
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Vilian, A. T. Ezhil, Vediyappan Veeramani, Shen-Ming Chen, Rajesh Madhu, Yun Suk Huh, and Young-Kyu Han. "Preparation of a reduced graphene oxide/poly-l-glutathione nanocomposite for electrochemical detection of 4-aminophenol in orange juice samples." Analytical Methods 7, no. 13 (2015): 5627–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ay01005e.
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Bothwell, Max L. "Phosphorus–Limited Growth Dynamics of Lotic Periphytic Diatom Communities: Areal Biomass and Cellular Growth Rate Responses." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 46, no. 8 (August 1, 1989): 1293–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f89-166.
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Three long-term phosphate enrichment experiments were conducted at the Experimental Troughs Apparatus (EXTRA), South Thompson River British Columbia to determine the relationship between external orthophosphate (PO43−) concentration and peak areal biomass (PB) of periphytic diatom communities. Levels of PO43− which saturated PB were two orders of magnitude greater than those required to saturate specific growth rates in thin film periphyton communities of similar taxonomic composition. With PO43− additions between 0.1 to 1.0 μg P∙L−1, PB responded in a hyperbolic fashion, initially increasing rapidly, then showing signs of saturation PB continued to increase in a slow, linear manner above 1.0 μg P∙L−1. Maximum PB (PBmax) was calculated to occur at ca. 28 μg P∙L−1. At higher PO43− concentrations (> 30–50 μg P∙L−1) PB was no longer P limited. Below the saturation point, PB was approximated by a log–linear function of PO43−.
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Parezo, Nancy J. ": Images of American Indians on Film: An Annotated Bibliography . Gretchen M. Bataille, Charles L. P. Silet." American Anthropologist 89, no. 3 (September 1987): 775. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.1987.89.3.02a00770.
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Choi, Sung-Hwan, Yeon-Gon Mo, Hye-Dong Kim, and Min-Koo Han. "Hot-Carrier Effects in Short Channel (L= 1.5 µm) p-Type Polycrystalline Silicon Thin-Film Transistors." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 51, no. 2R (February 1, 2012): 024103. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/jjap.51.024103.
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Khamankar, R. B., Jiyoung Kim, C. Sudhama, Bo Jiang, and J. C. Lee. "Effects of electrical stress parameters on polarization loss in ferroelectric P(L)ZT thin film capacitors." IEEE Electron Device Letters 16, no. 4 (April 1995): 130–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/55.372491.
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Yuan, Ming Wei, Yu Yue Qin, Ji Yi Yang, Yan Wu, Ming Long Yuan, and Hong Li Li. "Preparation and Characterization of Poly(L-Lactide-Co-ε-Caprolactone) Copolymer for Food Packaging Application." Advanced Materials Research 779-780 (September 2013): 231–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.779-780.231.
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Biodegradable poly (L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (PLA-PCL) copolymers were synthesized via solution polymerization by varying the feed composition of L-lactide (LLA) and ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) (LLA/ ε-CL= 1/0, 1/1, 1/2, and 1/3). PLA-PCL film was produced by solution mixing. The films were characterized by thermal property, mechanical property, and barrier behavior tests to evaluate the effect of the PCL. The differential scanning calorimetry analyses revealed the micro-domain structure in the copolymer. The elongation at break of PLLA was improved significantly (p<0.05) in PLA-PCL copolymer while the tensile strength decreased significantly (p<0.05) with increase of PCL content. WVP of PLA-PCL films significantly decreased (p< 0.05) when compared with that of neat PLLA film. When the feed ratio of PLA-PCL copolymer increased from 1/0 to 1/3, WVP of PLA-PCL films increased from 1.85±0.15 (×10-11gm/m2sPa) to 2.83±0.26 (×10-11gm/m2sPa). The results showed that PLA-PCL copolymer can be a novel film for food packaging applications.
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Sałasińska, Kamila, Mateusz Barczewski, Maciej Celiński, Paweł Kozikowski, Rafał Kozera, Aleksandra Sodo, Jacek Mirowski, Stanisław Zajchowski, and Jolanta Tomaszewska. "Plasticized Poly(vinyl chloride) Modified with Developed Fire Retardant System Based on Nanoclay and L-histidinium Dihydrogen Phosphate-Phosphoric Acid." Polymers 13, no. 17 (August 29, 2021): 2909. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13172909.
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The current work assessed the burning behavior of plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-P) modified with a two-component composition, consisting of L-histidinium dihydrogen phosphate-phosphoric acid (LHP) and nanoclay (n). The thermal and thermodynamical properties of the PVC-P containing from 10 to 30 wt% of the fire retardant system (FRS) were determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TG) as well as by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). In contrast, fire behavior and smoke emission were studied with a cone calorimeter (CC) and smoke density chamber. The research was complemented by a microstructure analysis, using a scanning electron microscope, of the materials before and after burning CC tests. The effects were compared to those achieved for PVC-P, PVC-P with a commercially available fire retardant, the substrate used for the produced LHP, and the mixture of LHP and zinc borate, both of which contained the same share of nanoclay. Based on a notable improvement, especially in smoke suppression suggests that the n/LHP system may be a candidate fire retardant for decreasing the flammability of PVC-P.
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Batalini, Claudemir, and Wagner Ferraresi De Giovani. "FELT CARBON ELECTRODES MODIFIED WITH RUTHENIUM DIMERIC FILM: APPLICATION IN ALCOHOL ELECTROCHEMICAL OXIDATIONS." Eclética Química Journal 39, no. 1 (September 25, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26850/1678-4618eqj.v39.1.2014.p1-11.
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Modified films were prepared by deposition of poli-[(H2O)(L)2Ru-O-Ru(L)2(OH2)]4+ (L=4-methyl- 4´-pyrrol-1-yl-buthyl-2,2´-bipyridine) (poly-dim.), on felt carbon electrodes, by direct anodic electropolymerization of the monomer. The electrocatalyst activity of these modified carbon felt carbon electrodes was tested in alcohols oxidations, at constant potential +1.15 V (vs SCE), in 1.0 and 6.8 pH. The started alcohols and the products were: benzyl alcohol (benzaldehyde), cycloexanol (cyclohexanone), 1-phenylethanol (acetophenone) and p-methoxybenzyl alcohol (p-methoxybenzaldehyde). The reactions showed very selectivity, and good yields were observed to the products.
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Nohé, Boris, Reiner Ries, Annette Ploppa, Christof Zanke, Martin Eichner, Klaus Unertl, and Hans-Jürgen Dieterich. "Effects of Intraoperative Blood Salvage on Leukocyte Recruitment to the Endothelium." Anesthesiology 102, no. 2 (February 1, 2005): 300–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200502000-00010.
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Background The contamination of salvaged wound blood with activated leukocytes has been suspected to play a role in leukocyte-mediated tissue injury by increased adhesion to the endothelium. To verify this hypothesis, the authors performed a clinical study to examine the effects of blood salvage on leukocyte-endothelial interactions. Methods Expression of L-selectin, CD18, and CD11b and leukocyte adhesion to activated endothelium from human umbilical veins were measured in 25 patients undergoing major orthopedic surgery. Adhesion of fluorescently labeled leukocytes was examined in a flow chamber at shear rates of 50-1,600 s. Comparisons were made between samples from venous blood and from processed salvaged wound blood (SWB). Results At 30% hematocrit, SWB contained 2,162 +/- 147 leukocytes/microl. In comparison with venous blood, CD11b was up-regulated in SWB 1.3- to 3.6-fold on monocytes and neutrophils, whereas L-selectin and CD18 decreased on monocytes by 53% and 15%, respectively (P < 0.05). Despite up-regulation of CD11b, firm adhesion was significantly reduced by 74-76% in SWB. Rolling fractions and rolling velocities were significantly higher in SWB, and their relation to shear rate was markedly altered (P < 0.01). In addition, adherent leukocytes from SWB were significantly less resistant to increments of shear rate than leukocytes from venous blood (P < 0.01). Conclusions Despite up-regulated CD11b, integrin-mediated adhesion is markedly impaired in salvaged blood. Therefore, the effect of blood salvage cannot be predicted from cell surface expression but rather from functional assays. The former hypothesis, that leukocytes from SWB aggravate leukocyte-mediated tissue injury by increased adhesion, may not be as great a concern as previously suggested.
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Wan Yahaya, Wan Amnin, Noraziah Abu Yazid, Nurul Aini Mohd Azman, and María Pilar Almajano. "Antioxidant Activities and Total Phenolic Content of Malaysian Herbs as Components of Active Packaging Film in Beef Patties." Antioxidants 8, no. 7 (July 2, 2019): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox8070204.
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Active packaging containing natural extracts is a promising innovation to prolong the shelf life of perishable food. The objective of this work was to develop a bioactive edible film from semi-refined carrageenan (SRC) and glycerol (G) as plasticizer incorporated with natural extract. Five Malaysian herbs were evaluated to determine their total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activities. The Persicaria minor (PM) extract demonstrated the highest TPC (1.629 mg GAE/L sample) and radical scavenging activity evaluated by the radicals 2,2’-azinobis [3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid] (27.166 mg TE/L sample), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (719.89 mg eq. Trolox/L sample) and α,α′-Azodiisobutyramidine dihydrochloride (5.81 mg TE/L sample). Thus, PM extract was selected for active packaging film at concentrations of 0.4, 1.0 and 2.0% and compared with 0.4% Butylatedhydroxianisole in 2% SRC and 0.9% G film formulation. The meat patties were wrapped in the films and stored under refrigeration (4 ± 2 °C) for 14 days. The film with 2% PM exhibited significantly lower lipid deterioration analysed by the thiobarbituric acid reactive substance assay (p < 0.05) and small changes in % metmyoglobin value which indicated the minimum development of brown colour (p < 0.05). Hence, this film can be used as a packaging material to improve meat quality characteristics.
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Atasoy, Murat, and John S. Kush. "A New Method for Evaluating the Visual Quality of Loblolly Pine (Pinus Taeda L.) Forest." Scholedge International Journal of Multidisciplinary & Allied Studies ISSN 2394-336X 5, no. 5 (July 9, 2018): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.19085/journal.sijmas050501.
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<p>Most of the forested lands in the south-eastern United States were largely the result of the frequent, low intensity, non-lethal fires that swept through the pre-settlement forests. In the absence of fire, forested stands develop a thick undergrowth of broad-leaved species and herbaceous vegetation. In this study, we compared the influence of prescribed fire on the understory vegetative cover of loblolly pine stands in relation to visual quality assessment. To examine the visual quality of prescribed fire management, a box-counting method was used to analyze photographs of prescribed fire management. The photographs were taken from: a) one-year fire return interval, b) two-year fire return interval, c) three-year fire return interval, and d) no-burn. The objectives of this study were: 1) develop a comparison of aesthetic value of the different fire return intervals of fire management with areas not experiencing prescribed fire; and 2) provide an estimate of enhancing visual quality of forest stands with prescribed fire management. The results showed that one-year interval prescribed fire application stands had more abundant grass cover (Andropogon sp.) than two- and three-year interval treatments. There was a significant decrease in grass cover between one-year and two-year prescribed burning. A positive relationship was also found between frequency of fire treatment and abundance of grass. No burn areas were covered by woody vegetation which may have a negative impact on scenic beauty and visual quality.</p>
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Simal, S., E. S. Sánchez, J. Benedito, and Carmen Rosselló. "Effect of temperature and gas composition on the shelf-life of dehydrated apricots / Efecto de la temperatura y composición de la atmósfera sobre la vida útil de albaricoques deshidratados." Food Science and Technology International 5, no. 5 (October 1999): 377–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/108201329900500502.
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Dehydrated apricots were stored under different conditions of temperature (14, 21, 28 and 35 °C), gas composition (100% CO2, 80% N2-20%CO2 and air) and packaging material (glass and film with an oxygen transmission rate of 14.39 ± 0.88 mL/m2/day). The most representative physical and chemi cal characteristics ( L*, a*, b*, texture, water activity, sugars, moisture and SO, contents) regarding the shelf-life of dehydrated apricots were evaluated during storage. Storage temperature showed a sig nificant influence on L*, sucrose content ( p > 99%), b* ( p > 95%) and SO, content ( p > 99.9%). The rate of decrease of SO, content and L* was well described by a first order kinetic. The influence of gas composition was important to both L* and a* ( p > 95%) and SO, content ( p > 99.9%). Principal compo nent analysis showed that the first two components accounted for 100% of the total variance. The first principal component which included L*, a*, b* and SO, content accounted for 75.3% of the vari ance. Sucrose, fructose and glucose contents were chiefly involved in the second principal compo nent.
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Thirumurthi, Dhandapani. "Minimum Concentration of Phosphate for Anaerobic Fixed Film Treatment of Landfill Leachate." Water Quality Research Journal 25, no. 1 (February 1, 1990): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1990.004.
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Abstract Six laboratory model anaerobic fixed film reactors (AFFRs), fed by a pretreated landfill leachate were monitored at 33 to 37°C to estimate the minimum concentration of phosphate required to sustain anaerobiosis. The AFFRs, packed with biorings, were operated at identical volumetric organic load (L = 8 kg COD.m−3 d−1) and hydraulic retention time (T = 2.6 d). In phase 1, the ratios between feed COD and P (total phosphate expressed as mg P/L) were, respectively, 53,000, 42,400 and 30,300 in reactors A, B and C. In phase 2, the COD/P values were 43,200, 36,000 and 21,600, respectively, in reactors D, E and F. Orthophosphate supplement (Na3 PO4) was added to AFFRs B, C, E and F, but not to A and D. Based on the analysis of data during near-steady-state conditions of the six units, it is concluded that the minimum concentration of total phosphate required to support anaerobic decomposition of leachate was 0.7 mg P/L, and the maximum ratio of COD/P that can be applied was 30,300. AFFRs-C and F, with feed COD/P ratios of, respectively, 30,300, and 21,600, had the same COD removal efficiency of 91%. However, AFFRs-A, B, D and E with COD/P values equal to or above 36,000 had COD removal at or below 49%.