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Walton, Kate. "P. O. W.: Australian prisoners of war in Hitler's Reich." Journal of Australian Studies 36, no. 4 (December 2012): 525–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14443058.2012.729352.
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Sergiej, Dominika. "Doświadczenie krzywdy w życiu i twórczości Józefa Szajny." Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio L – Artes 16, no. 1/2 (June 14, 2019): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/l.2018.16.1/2.183-202.
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<p>Prace Józefa Szajny są niezaprzeczalnie związane z jego niewyobrażalnym doświadczeniem bólu, głodu i traumy, które stały się częścią jego obozowego życia w Auschwitz i Buchenwaldzie. Śmierć wielu ludzi, ich upokorzenie i dehumanizacja sprawiły iż Szajna dorósł szybciej niżby tego oczekiwał. Wszystkie te doświadczenia odbijają się w jego sztuce, zarówno rysunku jak i dramatach. W swoich pracach wielokrotnie używał fragmentów ubrań, butów, lin, ziemi, plastikowych ludzkich korpusów, fotografii. </p><p>Trauma drugiej wojny światowej dotknęła go bardzo mocno ale nie złamała. Swoim życiem i twórczością ukazywał jak się odradzać i "powstawać z kolan" jak sam mówił o swojej twórczości. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest ukazanie siły człowieczństwa i godności ludzkiej w przekraczaniu dehumanizacji obecnej w obozach koncentracyjnych.</p><p><strong>The Experience of Injustice in the Life and Work of Józef Szajna</strong></p>SUMMARY<p>For many people the experience of trauma and injustice leaves a painful imprint with which they have to grapple till the end of their lives; they are unable to move beyond the sphere of their own inner suffering. Depression, aversion to living, bitterness is its frequent symptoms. World War 2 brought people inexpressible torments and sufferings. Everybody saved his/her physical and mental life as best as he/she could. The artists tried to break away from this surrounding nightmare by artistic activity. For some of them, art was a way of keeping their mental skill and psychical balance; for others it was a means for survival (especially for those in concentration camps). Józef Szajna (1922-2008) became a prisoner in KL Auschwitz in July 1941. During his imprisonment in the camp he was engaged in the underground activity, for which he was punished and assigned to a penal company where he contracted typhus. Then he was moved to a newly built camp of Birkenau, where he worked as a cleaner. In August 1943 he tried to escape but was caught and sentenced to death. He was waiting for the execution in a death cell for two weeks. On the way to the place of execution, the sentence was unexpectedly canceled. The death penalty was changed into life imprisonment. For six weeks he stayed in a death cell struggling with all possible inconveniences and the stress resulting from the presence of people who were awaiting the execution. After six weeks he was moved to the concentration camp of Buchenwald; he escaped from Buchenwald three weeks before the end of the war. After the war, Szajna started studies at the Academy of Fine Arts in Krakow. During his studies he suffered from various illnesses – the result of the years spent in the concentration camps. In 1952 he received a diploma in graphic arts, in 1953 in stage scenery. He graduated from both faculties with distinction. The traumatic experiences of the war, his imprisonment in Auschwitz-Birkenau and Buchenwald formed his personality. The experience of injustice infl uenced his later artistic output. Szajna, through art, “created himself from the beginning”. The author fi rst acquaints us with the subject matter of Szajna’s works, then analyses his selected works: Nasze życiorysy [Our Life Histories], Mrowisko [Swarms], Sylwety i cienie [Silhouettes and Shadows], Reminiscencje [Reminiscences], Drang nach Osten – Drang nach Western (a space composition). The next issues are: matter painting (implemented in Szajna’s works) and the synthesis of painting and theater ( the integral theater of Szajna). At the end, the author presents the artist’s message. His art formed a metaphorical story on the most important problems of human nature and its condition. The repercussions of the war-camp experiences were present in all his performances and plastic works. The greatness of his art consists in that this motif never acquired a naturalistic form or a form of a personal confession. Even when the artist used an authentic document, he gave it a general, symbolic sense creating a universal record of human fate.</p>
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Yamada, Rie. "A study on Turnen and sports activities in the Matsuyama P.O.W. Camp (1914-1917) and the Bando P.0.W. Camp (1917-1920) : Referring to the control and treatment of the German prisoners-of-war." Taiikugaku kenkyu (Japan Journal of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences) 37, no. 2 (1992): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5432/jjpehss.kj00003391871.
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Yoshida, T. "Reassessing the Japanese Prisoner of War Experience: The Changi POW Camp, Singapore, 1942-5, by R. P. W. Havers. London: Routledge, 2003, 216 pp., $90.00 (ISBN: 0700716572)." Social Science Japan Journal 8, no. 1 (November 22, 2004): 151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ssjj/jyi004.
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Sucharski, Tadeusz. "Chrześcijanie w łagrze (w wybranych dziełach literatury polskiej i rosyjskiej)." Slavia Occidentalis, no. 73/2 (June 14, 2018): 147–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/so.2016.73.36.
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The aim of this article is to reflect on the religiosity of Stalinist prisoners shaped by religion or the Christian tradition. A comparison of works of Polish and Russian literature demonstrates that prisoners from the Soviet Union and Poland essentially otherwise referred to the faith, to the Decalogue. Most of the inmates came into the camp from the country’s militant atheism, infected with a hostility to religion as “the opium of the masses”, and only in the camp were they looking for ways to return to the faith of their fathers. However, they often kept faith in the value of humanity, they represented a secular holiness. A substantial majority of Polish prisoners affirmed their Catholicism, which was not only a witness of their faith, but also synonymous with Polish culture. Such an attitude often hampered relations with the Orthodox and Greek Catholics. A large part of the Polish inmates reluctantly referred to them as Christians of the Eastern Rite, as a consequence of Catholic education in pre-war Poland, but also out of hostility towards Russians and Ukrainians. Many of them, however, disregarded religious issues, they referred to a fellow prisoner with respect, regardless of his religion. They looked at them from the human perspective.
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Wiatr, Antonina. "Koncerty symfoniczne żydowskiej orkiestry w getcie łódzkim w czasie drugiej wojny światowej." Kwartalnik Młodych Muzykologów UJ, no. 47 (4) (2020): 197–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/23537094kmmuj.20.023.13209.
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Concerts of the Jewish Orchestra in the Łódź Ghetto During the Second World War The article discusses concerts organised by the prisoners of the Łódź Ghetto and presents them within the cultural context. The research focuses on concerts conducted by Teodor Ryder, with preserved posters and programmes used as sources. The preserved concert reviews written in the ghetto contribute to the better understanding of the events. The analysis of the discussed materials provides an opportunity to demonstrate the musical life in the ghetto and to answer the question about the role of music in the life of its citizens.
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Mielnik, Hubert. "Obraz sądownictwa i adwokatury w generalnym gubernatorstwie w okresie II wojny światowej w twórczości Karola Pędowskiego." Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica 19, no. 2 (2020): 119–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/mhi.2020.19.02.07.
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Karol Pędowski was an attorney who, apart from his professional, social, and political activities, also published several historical works. During the Second World War, he passed the official attorney exam and worked as an attorney, especially in the charity organization that helped prisoners. His publications contain many themes about the Warsaw judiciary and attorneys during the German occupation. These themes are shown directly, as a main topic, and indirectly in the Karol Pedowski works. The purpose of the article will be to present the image of the judiciary and attorneys in the General Government during the Second World War, which Karol Pędowski made in his publications. To achieve this purpose articles, books, and stories that contained descriptions and memories of real and fictionalized events in the history of the judiciary and attorneys during World War II were analyzed. In the article assumption was made that even in fictionalized events the author shown real and truth background, important for the topic of the article. The article, devoted to the issues of law and judiciary presented in the literature, pretends to be a study in the field of "law and literature". The issues of the judiciary and advocacy in the General Government, primarily about the Polish (non-German) judiciary, are still an undeveloped and therefore unknown research area. The assessment of the image presented by Karol Pędowski in his work shows that it has a credible character, thanks to which it complements known historical facts.
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Yassaei, S., M. Rafieian, and R. Ghafari. "Abnormal oral habits in the children of war veterans." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 29, no. 3 (April 1, 2005): 189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.29.3.08r72m4580852h84.
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Any kind of stress has a negative effect on the mood of people and stress resulting from war is no exception. Stress from war has not only has effects on war veterans but also on the families. Children of these families have been more susceptible to abnormal oral habits. In this observational, analytical and historical research, attempts have been made to determine the prevalence of abnormal oral habits in the children of war veterans (martyrs, freed prisoners of war and war cripples) and compare them with a control group. In this study of 520 children aged between 7 and 11 years were (238 in the study group and 282 in the control group), information was gathered via a questionnaire completed by the mothers of the students. Analysis of the received information showed that the prevalence of para functional and abnormal oral habits was more in the study group (P=0.005). The prevalence rate was highest in children, whose family members had been both crippled and freed prisoners of war, while the rate was lowest in children whose parents had been only prisoners of war without any lasting physical injury. Most of these children had acquired these habits at the age of seven and these abnormal habits were most prevalent in children aged eight and nine.
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Tall, Boaz. "Sądzenie tych którzy nie mogą być sądzeni – procesy kolaborantów w Izraelu." Zagłada Żydów. Studia i Materiały, no. 2 (December 2, 2006): 99–131. http://dx.doi.org/10.32927/zzsim.182.
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As part of the purification and self-cleansing atmosphere in the newly liberated countries of Europe following the end of World War II, dozens of Jews were put on trial for their actions during the war, and some were even convicted. This dispensation of justice did not pass by the young Jewish state. In 1950, the "Nazis and Nazi Collaborators (Punishment) Law, 5710-1950" was passed in Israel. Although the law was supposedly intended to bring to justice Nazis, in fact the majority of defendants were Jews. Until the beginning of the 1960s, close to 40 Jewish survivors of the holocaust who were accused of collaboration with the Nazis, were put on trial under this law. Most of them had been prisoners with special duties in Nazi camps, which were known by the collective name, "Kapo".
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Kobiałka, Dawid. "Kreatywność za drutem kolczastym: archeologia i sztuka okopowa z pierwszowojennego obozu jenieckiego w Czersku (woj. pomorskie)." Folia Praehistorica Posnaniensia 23 (September 16, 2019): 105–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/fpp.2018.23.06.
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This article discusses the results of archaeological and anthropological research concerning material remains of a prisoner of war camp in Czersk (Pomeranian province, Poland) (Kriegsgefangenenlager Czersk). In the first part, I sketch a broader historical context related to building and functioning of the camp in forests around Czersk between 1914–1919. After that, the role and meaning of archaeological research on such type of archaeological sites are presented. In the third part, I focus on a very special category of the camp heritage which is called trench art. The last part of this paper is a case study where an assemblage of objects classified as trench art that was found at the camp is described and interpreted. This text aims at highlighting the value of such prisoners and camp’s heritage. Such material culture is a material memory of extraordinary prisoners’ creativity behind barbed wire. It makes one aware of how every piece of trash, rubbish was re-cycled during day-to-day life behind barbed wire.
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Szczepański, Andrzej. "Oświata żydowska w powojennej Legnicy (1945–1968)." Biuletyn Historii Wychowania, no. 29 (February 4, 2019): 101–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/bhw.2013.29.7.
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Education in post-war Legnica (1945–1968)When the war activities came to a close, first Jews started to come into town, mainly the former prisoners from Gross-Rosen concentration camp, and then the displaced rescued in the territory of the Soviet Union. The newcomers soon opened their own educational facilities and in the school year 1946/1947 in Legnica there were: a kindergarten, a foster house, a heder, a primary school with Hebrew as the language of lecture, a kibbutz and a Hebrew primary school. The educational pluralism did not last long because from the school year 1950/1951 there remained just one state-controlled Jewish school (the other facilities had been closed). The kindergarten was the only exception and although it received the status of a public institution it preserved Jewish character until mid-50s. The subsequent years brought significant fluctuation of teachers and students as many of them left Poland in the first half of the 1950s, whereas from 1956 more newcomers arrived from the USSR. On September 1, 1959 a high-school class was launched in the local primary school. In the 1960s the emigration of Jews from Legnica increased significantly, which resulted in smaller number of students. A breakthrough year was 1968, when, because of too small number of children (38 in total), on August 31 the Jewish high-school and primary school ceased to exist
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Grzybowski, Jerzy. "Komitet Białoruski w Generalnym Gubernatorstwie (1940–1945)." Studia Interkulturowe Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej 11 (November 6, 2018): 32–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.7232.
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The subject of this study is the activity of the Belarusians in the General Government in 1940–1945. Belarusians were the fifth largest ethnic group in the GG. The German occupation authorities, applying the principle of “divide and conquer”, were ready to give Belarusians some freedom in the sphere of culture, religion and economy. In 1940, the Belarusian Committee was established in Warsaw, with branches in Biała Podlaska and Kraków. The majority of committee members were Belarusians and Poles – prisoners of war and refugees from the Soviet occupation zone of Poland. As a priority of this organization, cultural, educational and religious activities among the Belarusians in the General Government were recognized. The activists of the committee managed to create a school in Warsaw and two parishes (Orthodox and Catholic). Belarusian activities faced some difficulties. Serious problems for the Belarusians Committee caused the activities of Ukrainian organizations in the GG. One of the episodes in the history of the Belarusian Committee is the cooperation of its activists with German military intelligence.
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Czubak, Katarzyna, and Barbara Gawda. "How Personality Disorder Traits Relate to the Experience of Romantic Love in Prisoners." Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio J – Paedagogia-Psychologia 33, no. 3 (October 31, 2020): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/j.2020.33.3.67-81.
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<p>Niniejszy artykuł koncentruje się na analizie związku między cechami zaburzeń osobowości a doświadczaniem romantycznej miłości u więźniów. Na podstawie literatury przedmiotu należy wskazać, że szeroka gama patologii w sferze osobistej i społecznej wynika z patologii miłości. W opracowaniu skoncentrowano się na osobach z cechami zaburzeń osobowości, gdyż przyczyniają się one do wyzwalania wielu problemów społecznych i osobistych. Badaniem objęto 185 więźniów z czterech różnych więzień wykazujących cechy zaburzeń osobowości. Cechy te zostały zmierzone za pomocą Ustrukturyzowanego Wywiadu Klinicznego do Badania Zaburzeń Osobowości z osi II (wydanie 4). Doświadczenie miłości analizowano za pomocą techniki narracyjnej. Analizy regresji wielokrotnej wykazały, w jaki sposób określone cechy zaburzeń osobowości wyjaśniają różne sposoby doświadczania miłości u więźniów. Cechy zaburzeń osobowości na ogół przyczyniają się do zmian w doświadczaniu miłości, czyniąc go zwykle negatywnym, ambiwalentnym lub niejasnym, natomiast pozytywne aspekty miłości są negatywnie powiązane z cechami zaburzeń osobowości. Doświadczanie miłości u więźniów wskazuje na większe poczucie zaprzeczania miłości, wycofania się z jej doświadczania. Cechy zaburzeń osobowości u więźniów wiążą się z odrzuceniem miłości.</p>
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Wallace, Geoffrey P. R. "Response to John W. Schiemann’s review of Life and Death in Captivity: The Abuse of Prisoners During War." Perspectives on Politics 16, no. 1 (February 7, 2018): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537592717004170.
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Gualtieri, Giacomo, Fabio Ferretti, Alessandra Masti, Andrea Pozza, and Anna Coluccia. "Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Prisoners’ Offspring: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis." Clinical Practice & Epidemiology in Mental Health 16, no. 1 (May 20, 2020): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1745017902016010036.
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Background: Parental incarceration can produce serious effects on the offspring’s mental health. The presence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in prisoners’ offspring is understudied and the few literature data showed heterogeneous evidence, with some studies suggesting that about 25% of prisoners’ offspring have PTSD and other reporting much lower prevalence rates around 2-3%. There is no systematic review and meta-analysis about PTSD in prisoners’ offspring. Objectives: The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to provide a first quantitative synthesis of the prevalence of the PTSD diagnosis in prisoners’ offspring. Moderator variables of the effect sizes were assessed, including offspring’s and parents’ gender, offspring’s generational cohort (children/adolescents versus adults), reasons for parental incarceration (political/war versus crime), and country type (Western versus Non-Western countries). Methods: A systematic review and a meta-analysis were conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Studies were included if they assessed the presence of a PTSD diagnosis in child, adolescent or adult offspring of prisoners through a diagnostic classification system, a clinician-administered interview or a self-report questionnaire, if they reported data necessary to calculate the effect sizes or the authors were available to provide them. Studies might have been based upon any design except review, single-case, case series, and case reports. Outcomes might have been measured at any time after parental incarceration. Parental imprisonment was defined as any kind of custodial confinement of a parent by the criminal justice system, including being held as a prisoner of war or for political reasons. Independent reviewers searched published/unpublished studies through electronic databases and additional sources and extracted the data. A random-effect meta-analysis was carried out by calculating the effect sizes as event rates. Heterogeneity was examined by the I2 and the Q statistics. Moderators were assessed through meta-regressions. Results: Six studies (2512 participants) were included. Fifteen percent of prisoners’ offspring had PTSD, as shown by a significant mean effect size of 0.14 without evidence of publication bias (95% CI: 0.081 – 0.249, p< 0.001). There were no significant differences on the mean effect sizes between the studies on adults and those on children/adolescents [Q(1) = 0.00, p = .999], between the studies on parents incarcerated for political/war reasons and those for crime [Q(1) = 0.00, p = .979], and between the studies conducted in Western and non-Western countries [Q(1) = 0.854, p = .355]. While offspring’s gender was not related to the effect sizes [β = -0.01, 95% CI: -0.02 – 0.02, p = .452], parents’ gender was significantly and positively associated with the effect sizes suggesting that in studies with higher percentages of incarcerated mothers, the prevalence of offspring’s PTSD was higher [β = 0.01, 95% CI: 0.0 – 0.01, p = .019]. Conclusion: PTSD is a serious mental health condition among prisoners’ offspring, particularly when mothers are incarcerated. The present findings point out the importance of thorough assessment and timely intervention/prevention strategies implemented by professionals of mental health settings and detention systems. The cross-sectional design of the studies does not allow causal conclusions to be drawn about the effect of parental incarceration as a risk factor for PTSD. Other variables related to parental incarceration may explain these findings. This limitation points out the importance of further longitudinal research.
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Лапан, Тетяна. "Women in ATO: Ukrainian Experience of Modern War." Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio I – Philosophia-Sociologia 43, no. 1 (November 20, 2018): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/i.2018.43.1.97-110.
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<p>W artykule omówiono wstępne wnioski z projektu badawczego „In Memory of Lesya Kyzyk Research Project in Oral History: Ukrainian Women in the Military Conflict in Eastern Ukraine (2014–2016)”. Uwaga koncentruje się na uczestnictwie kobiet w wojnie na wschodzie Ukrainy. Projekt został zrealizowany w ramach studiów historii mówionej kobiet.</p>
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Moore, Bob. "Book Review: Life and Death in Captivity: The Abuse of Prisoners during War. Geoffrey P. R. Wallace." War in History 24, no. 4 (November 2017): 551–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0968344517732853e.
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Allport, Alan. "S. P. MacKenzie. British Prisoners of the Korean War. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012. Pp. 224. $110.00 (cloth)." Journal of British Studies 52, no. 4 (October 2013): 1102–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jbr.2013.163.
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KRAVETS, Nataliia. "NATIONAL AND CULTURAL ACTIVITIES OF VASYL PROKHODA IN POW CAMPS DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR." Ukraine: Cultural Heritage, National Identity, Statehood 31 (2018): 203–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33402/ukr.2018-31-203-212.
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The article deals with the national-cultural activities of Vasyl Prokhoda in the POW camps in Austria-Hungary during the First World War. First of all, the stages of military service in the Russian army on the eve and during the Great War have been clarified (1912 – beginning of service in the 51st Lithuanian Regiment in Simferopol; 1913 – courses of the reserve ensigns; November 1914 – the rank of ensign; the Austro-Hungarian front of the First World War; winter 1914–1915 – participation in the Carpathian Operation of the Russian Army, captivity). Special attention is paid to his staying in the POW camps (Josefstadt, Liberec, Brux (Most), Theresienstadt (Terezin), stages of his national identity evolution. It stated that the formation of V. Prokhoda's national identity was facilitated by various factors: first of all, acquaintance with K. Kuril, program documents of the Union for the Liberation of Ukraine, creation of Ukrainian libraries, choirs, drama clubs in the camps, reading of works by T. Shevchenko, M. Vovchka, etc. The author also investigates the public activities of V. Prokhoda in the POW camps, his contribution to the organization of Ukrainian life there, highlights living conditions in the camps (according to his observations), as well as specifics of inter-ethnic relations against the backdrop of events of the Russian Revolution 1917. The perception and attitude of nationally conscious Ukrainians (prisoners of war), in particular, V. Prokhody, to the creation of the Ukrainian Central Rada, its I and II Universals, the resolutions of the first military congresses in Ukraine, the Bolshevik coup in Russia in October 1917, compared to the estimates of these events by Russians (prisoners of war). The circumstances that opened the possibility of forming Ukrainian divisions of prisoners of war and sending them to disposal of the Government of the Ukrainian People's Republic (UNR) in the first half of 1918 were clarified. The last months of V. Prokhoda's staying in the POW camps under conditions of his health deterioration, the circumstances of his returning to Ukraine after the coup of P. Skoropadskyi are presented. Keywords Vasyl Prokhoda, national and cultural activity, POW camps, Austro-Hungarian Monarchy.
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Clarysse, Willy, and Christelle Fischer-Bovet. "Greek papyri of the Classics Department at Stanford (P. Stan. Class.) – Part II." Journal of Juristic Papyrology, no. 50 (August 2, 2021): 67–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.36389/uw.jjurp.50.2020.pp.67-107.
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Among the sixteen Ptolemaic texts (33–44) from the collection of the Greek papyri of the Department of Classics at Stanford are petitions, official correspondence, letters, a declaration of surety with royal oath – one the earliest dated texts in the collection (227 bc) – and an account. Most notable is the discovery of the upper part of P. K öln VI 261, a petition to the oikonomos Apollonios (33 + 18) about oil-contraband and prisoners of war. Another petition is addressed to the oikonomos Poseidonios (Prosopographia Ptolemaica I/VIII 1079) about the wool tax (34), while 35, a draft written with an Egyptian rush, reports an effraction at night with arson. The official correspondence deals with tax-farming and oil-bearing products.
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Oka, Rahul C., Marc Kissel, Mark Golitko, Susan Guise Sheridan, Nam C. Kim, and Agustín Fuentes. "Population is the main driver of war group size and conflict casualties." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 52 (December 11, 2017): E11101—E11110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1713972114.
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The proportions of individuals involved in intergroup coalitional conflict, measured by war group size (W), conflict casualties (C), and overall group conflict deaths (G), have declined with respect to growing populations, implying that states are less violent than small-scale societies. We argue that these trends are better explained by scaling laws shared by both past and contemporary societies regardless of social organization, where group population (P) directly determines W and indirectly determines C and G. W is shown to be a power law function of P with scaling exponent X [demographic conflict investment (DCI)]. C is shown to be a power law function of W with scaling exponent Y [conflict lethality (CL)]. G is shown to be a power law function of P with scaling exponent Z [group conflict mortality (GCM)]. Results show that, while W/P and G/P decrease as expected with increasing P, C/W increases with growing W. Small-scale societies show higher but more variance in DCI and CL than contemporary states. We find no significant differences in DCI or CL between small-scale societies and contemporary states undergoing drafts or conflict, after accounting for variance and scale. We calculate relative measures of DCI and CL applicable to all societies that can be tracked over time for one or multiple actors. In light of the recent global emergence of populist, nationalist, and sectarian violence, our comparison-focused approach to DCI and CL will enable better models and analysis of the landscapes of violence in the 21st century.
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Walker, Randolph Meade. "C. P. Weaver, ed., The Civil War Diary of Colonel Nathan W. Daniels." Journal of Negro History 85, no. 3 (July 2000): 131–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2649064.
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Puszka, Alicja. "Sodalicje Mariańskie na ziemiach polskich wobec wojny i odzyskania niepodległości w 1918 r." Teka Komisji Historycznej 15 (2018): 45–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/teka.2018.15-5.
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The Sodality of Our Lady is a Catholic society for lay persons, initiated by Jan Leunis SJ in Rome in the 2nd half of the 16th century. Originally, the Sodality comprised students and later all classes and professional groups. The aim of this elite society was the formation of lay Catholics aware of their vocation in the Church, and propagation of the rite and the cult of Virgin Mary. The supreme goal of the Sodality was obeying the rule “Per Mariam ad Jesum”. The rules of the Sodality concerned visiting prisoners, working in hospitals, helping the poor and the ill, teaching faith, and Christian upbringing of youth. Sodalities deteriorated after the secularization of the Jesuit order, which was their basis in 1773. Towards the end of the 19th century they were being revived on the Polish lands. Sodalities of Our Lady combined religious devotion with the love of the homeland and efforts for the country’s benefit. During World War I the society engaged in charity helping in hospitals, welfare institutions, taking care of the disabled and orphans. Sodalities contributed particularly to the upbringing of the new patriotic generation of Poles. Regaining independence helped sodalities to develop their activities and contributed significantly to the rebirth of religious life of the society in the Second Polish Republic.
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Chae, Grace. "“Complacency or Complicity?: Reconsidering the un Command’s Role in Syngman Rhee’s Release of North Korean pows”." Journal of American-East Asian Relations 24, no. 2-3 (September 12, 2017): 128–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18765610-02402008.
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Under cover of night, on 18 June 1953, South Korean President Syngman Rhee released nearly 25,000 “non-repatriate” North Korean prisoners of war (pows). The event occurred just as United Nations Command (unc), Chinese, and North Korean negotiators were preparing to sign a hard-fought armistice agreement at P’anmunjŏm that long had been delayed on the question of voluntary repatriation of pows. unc officials articulated an enduring tale of surprise and betrayal, one that persists in Korean War histories to this day. However, this article, after an examination of unc pow camp records, is able to look beyond their outrage to discover that the u.s. Army, in fact, formulated a deliberate strategy of restraint for a likely prisoner release. This plan grew out of unc Commander General Mark W. Clark’s sympathy for anti-Communist pows and a sense of anxiety regarding the future of u.s. relations with the Republic of Korea (rok). Although no evidence exists to support a claim that u.s. officials formally colluded with the rok government, the u.s. military played a complicit role in Rhee’s pow release.
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Владыкина, Татьяна Григорьевна, and Галина Анатольевна Глухова. "The Theme of War in the Collection of the Amateur Regional Ethnographer P. P. Fertikov from Udmurtia." ТРАДИЦИОННАЯ КУЛЬТУРА, no. 2 (June 25, 2020): 20–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26158/tk.2020.21.2.002.
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В статье рассматривается краеведческая деятельность П. П. Фертикова - подполковника медицинской службы в отставке, уроженца русской деревни Патраки Якшур-Бодьинского района Удмуртии. Собранная им за многие годы коллекция материалов представляет собой важный источник по истории и культуре родной деревни и района, республики в целом, основной акцент при этом сделан на события Великой Отечественной войны. Сквозной темой устных повествований о военном времени в жанре рассказов-воспоминаний является жизнь российской глубинки: взваленный на стариков, женщин и детей непосильный крестьянский труд в тылу, постоянная борьба с голодом и холодом, изнурительная работа подростков на лесозаготовках и строительстве железной дороги. Полны драматизма воспоминания бывших военнопленных. Сдержанно-эмоциональны подборки писем с фронта. Типологически общей составляющей коллекции являются русские и удмуртские частушки - короткие песни-куплеты на злободневную тему, позволяющие выплеснуть эмоции непосредственно в момент исполнения. По «девичьим альбомам» участниц войны прослеживается отличный от деревенского песенный репертуар: широко известные авторские песни военных лет, жестокие романсы, наивные по содержанию и стилю песни на стихи самодеятельных авторов. This article deals with the collection of the local historian P. P. Fertikov, a retired Lieutenant Colonel of the medical service and a native of the Russian village of Patraki in the Yakshur-Bodya Region of the Udmurt Republic. The materials he collected over many years is an important source on the history and culture of his native village and district, and of the republic as a whole, with a main focus on the events of World War II. A constant theme of the oral narratives (memoirs) about wartime is life in the rear, in the Russian hinterland. Backbreaking peasant labor burdened the old and the weak shoulders of children; there was a constant struggle with hunger and cold; teenagers had to do the grueling work of cutting timber and railway construction. The accounts of former prisoners of war are full of drama. Letters from the front are emotionally restrained. The main component of the collection is Russian and Udmurt chastushkas - short songs-verses on a topical theme that allow the performer to vent emotions directly during performance. “Maiden’s albums” by participants in the war reveal a different song repertoire from that of the village: they include well-known authorial songs of the war years and heart-rending romances, naive in content and style, based on poems by amateur authors.
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Superson, Jarosław A. "Świętowanie niedzieli przez udział w Eucharystii (panorama historyczna)." Ruch Biblijny i Liturgiczny 62, no. 3 (September 30, 2009): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.21906/rbl.205.
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Analyzing the heritage of Christianity, we see that since the very beginning, Sunday, the first day of the week, has always been the day of common Church gathering to celebrate the Eucharist. In the very beginning, as pointed by Tertullian, the celebration took place at night because of the precessions. Night or dawn gave more privacy and security. After the Edict of Milan it became a custom that a Mass should be celebrated after three o’clock, or at night, if they fell around so-called Quattro Tempora. In the middle ages it was believed that any time of the day is good to celebrate the Eucharist, but missa conventualis et sollemnis in hora Tertia. After the Council of Trent the time of the main Sunday Eucharist – summa – was determined by the bishop and in Poland it was at 10.00 AM. Often before this Mass was a Mass primaria celebrated. In the beginning of XX century the Code of Canon Law of 1917 stated that it was not allowed to celebrate a private Mass earlier than an hour before dawn or an hour after noon. For the solemnities that had its own vigil, the celebrations of the Eucharist took place in the evening. The purpose of that practice was to prepare for the celebration of the solemnity of the next day. Along with industrialization, introduction of different work shifts, persecution of the Church and other specific circumstances, it was allowed to celebrate Mass in the evening. This rule was especially visible during the Second World War and shortly after when the Sunday evening Mass was celebrated for the prisoners of war, those who were detained and foreigners. After the Church adapted the rule that the canonical hour for the Vespers would be called Vespers I, a discussion on the celebration of the Mass on Saturday evening started among the moral theologians. Participation in the Saturday evening Mass was supposed to satisfy the obligation of participation in the Sunday Mass and the holy days de praecepto. The Church recognized that there was a large group of the faithful who practiced sports and hunted on Sundays and that there was also an insufficient number of priests in some parishes. Therefore, so-called pre-holyday Mass was introduced to enable more participation in the Masses. The document Eucharisticum Mysterium of 1967 definitely recognized that the participation in Saturday vigil Mass satisfied the obligation of Sunday Mass participation. It was reconfirmed again by the Code of Canon Law in 1983 and by Dies Domini of John Paul II and the II Council of the Church of Poland.
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Superson, Jarosław. "Świętowanie niedzieli przez udział w Eucharystii (panorama historyczna)." Ruch Biblijny i Liturgiczny 62, no. 3 (October 1, 2009): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.21906/rbl.298.
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Analyzing the heritage of Christianity, we see that since the very beginning, Sunday, the first day of the week, has always been the day of common Church gathering to celebrate the Eucharist. In the very beginning, as pointed by Tertullian, the celebration took place at night because of the precessions. Night or dawn gave more privacy and security. After the Edict of Milan it became a custom that a Mass should be celebrated after three o’clock, or at night, if they fell around so-called Quattro Tempora. In the middle ages it was believed that any time of the day is good to celebrate the Eucharist, but missa conventualis et sollemnis in hora Tertia. After the Council of Trent the time of the main Sunday Eucharist – summa – was determined by the bishop and in Poland, it was at 10.00 AM. Often before this Mass was a Mass primaria celebrated. In the beginning of XX century, the Code of Canon Law of 1917 stated that it was not allowed to celebrate a private Mass earlier than an hour before dawn or an hour after noon. For the solemnities that had its own vigil, the celebrations of the Eucharist took place in the evening. The purpose of that practice was to prepare for the celebration of the solemnity of the next day. Along with industrialization, an introduction of different work shifts, persecution of the Church and other specific circumstances, it was allowed to celebrate Mass in the evening. This rule was especially visible during the Second World War and shortly after when the Sunday evening Mass was celebrated for the prisoners of war, those who were detained and foreigners. After the Church adapted the rule that the canonical hour for the Vespers would be called Vespers I, a discussion on the celebration of the Mass on Saturday evening started among the moral theologians. Participation in the Saturday evening Mass was supposed to satisfy the obligation of participation in the Sunday Mass and the holy days de praecepto. The Church recognized that there was a large group of the faithful who practiced sports and hunted on Sundays and that there was also an insufficient number of priests in some parishes. Therefore, so-called pre-holy day Mass was introduced to enable more participation in the Masses. The document Eucharisticum Mysterium of 1967 definitely recognized that the participation in Saturday vigil Mass satisfied the obligation of Sunday Mass participation. It was reconfirmed again by the Code of Canon Law in 1983 and by Dies Domini of John Paul II and the II Council of the Church of Poland.
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Rovenchak, Olha, and Viktoriya Volodko. "Comparative Analysis of the Identity and Practices of Post-war Representatives and the Contemporary Wave of Ukrainian Immigrants in the United States." Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio I – Philosophia-Sociologia 43, no. 1 (November 20, 2018): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/i.2018.43.1.33-53.
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<p class="m2066936489421955420ydp213f984msonormal">W artykule omówiono szczególne cechy narodowe, etniczne i kulturowe ukraińskich imigrantów w Stanach Zjednoczonych. Podstawę stanowiły wywiady przeprowadzone wśród Ukraińców mieszkających w USA i reprezentujących dwie fale imigracji ukraińskiej w XX w.: falę powojenną i współczesną. Opracowanie wskazuje podobieństwa i różnice ich tożsamości oraz odpowiadające im praktyki. Stosując metodę dyskursu i analizy porównawczej, autorki pokazują, że podobieństwa przeważają na poziomie etnicznej i narodowej tożsamości oraz praktyk amerykańskich imigrantów z Ukrainy, podczas gdy znaczące kontrowersje dotyczą ich poziomu kulturowego i językowego.</p>
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Wejbert-Wąsiewicz, Ewelina Izabela. "Feminizm w polskiej literaturze kobiet." Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio L – Artes 15, no. 2 (September 19, 2018): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/l.2017.15.2.97.
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<p>Przedmiotem rozważań dla niniejszego szkicu są przede wszystkim wątki feministyczne obecne w polskiej literaturze kobiet. Tekst podejmuje refleksję dotyczącą następujących kwestii: czy istnieje zjawisko literatury feministycznej w Polsce; czy wątki feministyczne są charakterystyczne tylko dla sztuki kobiet; jakie feminizmy obecne są w literaturze kobiet? Socjologiczna badania pokazują, iż w Polsce feminizm nie zyskuje aprobaty społecznej nawet wśród kobiet doświadczającyh nierówności płciowych. Ciagle pokutuje negowanie pozytywnej roli feminizmu, zakorzeniiła sie silnie postawa antyfeministyczna mająca żróło w braku wiedzy, streotypach odnośnie do ruchu kobiet. Ewa Malinowska wiele lat temu argumentowała, że ruch feministyczny w Polsce jest działaniem jednostek a nie kolektywnej pracy aktorów społecznych. Rodzimych korzeni literatury związanej z femiznimem upartuje się <em>Entuzjstkach</em> Narcyzy Żmichowskiej. Skupione wokół tego ruchu pisarki angażowały się w polityczną i edukacyjną działalność. Po okresie I wojny światowej, wraz z zyskaniem praw do głosowania i edukacji rodzima literatura kobiet zaatakowała zerwaniem wielu społecznych, obyczajowych tabu, w tym seksulanych, np. ciąża, macierzyństwo, aborcja, małżeństwo (G. Zapolska, Z. Nalkowska, M. Kuncewiczowa, P. Gojawiczyńska, I. Krzywicka, A. Gruszecka, H. Boguszewska and many others).Druga wojna światowa i póżniejszy PRL przysłoniły idee feministyczne, ważne tematy i problemy dla kobiet. Sytuacja uległa zmiane po 1989 roku wraz z debiutami pisarek nie tylko opisujących doświadczenia kobiece ale także otwarcie declarującycmi sympatię do feminizmu w wywiadach (np. Manuela Gretkowska, Izabela Filipiak, Olga Tokarczuk, Natasza Goerke). Współczesne literatura nie jest ofensywna, pisarki nie walczą i nie deklarują otwarcie femistycznej postawy, wartości.</p><p><strong>Feminism in Polish Women’s Literature</strong></p>SUMMARY<p>The subject of discussion in this sketch is first of all feminist themes present in Polish women’s literature. The text considers the following questions: whether the phenomenon of feminist literature exists in Poland; whether feminist themes are characteristic only of women’s art; what feminisms are present in women’s literature? Sociological studies show that feminism is not socially approved even among women who experience gender inequalities. The denial of the positive role of feminism still persists, and there is a deeprooted antifeminist attitude stemming from ignorance and stereotypes. Many years ago Ewa Malinowska argued that the feminist movement in Poland consisted in the activity of individuals rather than the collective work of social activists. The native roots of literature associated with feminism are sought in Narcyza Żmichowska’s Enthusiasts (Entuzjastki) group. The women writers participating in this movement were involved in political and educational activities. After World War One, after women were granted voting rights and right to education, women’s literature in Poland touched on many social and moral taboos, including sexual, such as pregnancy, maternity, abortion, or marriage (G. Zapolska, Z. Nałkowska, M. Kuncewiczowa, P. Gojawiczyńska, I. Krzywicka, A. Gruszecka, H. Boguszewska, and others). World War Two and the period of People’s Poland pushed feminist ideas and women’s important problems and subjects into the deep background. The situation changed after 1989 with the debuts of women writers who not only described female experiences but also openly declared their sympathies towards feminism in interviews (e.g. Manuela Gretkowska, Izabela Filipiak, Olga Tokarczuk, and Natasza Goerke). Contemporary literature is not aggressive, however: women writers do not fi ght and do not openly espouse feminist attitudes and values.</p>
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Badowska-Hodyr, Monika. "Maintaining family ties in the context of social readaptation from the perspective of long-term prisoners with children under 15." Pedagogika 27, no. 1 (2018): 285–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.16926/p.2018.27.23.
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Savchuk, K. O. "Questions of the laws and customs of war in the works of representatives of the Kiev school of international law of the XIX – early XX centuries)." Yearly journal of scientific articles “Pravova derzhava”, no. 32 (2021): 447–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33663/0869-2491-2021-32-447-456.
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This article explores the contribution of scientists, who’s scientific and teaching activities were associated with the Department of International Law of the University of St. Volodymyr in Kiev, in the development of problems of the law of war. In the XIX century began the process of codification of laws and customs of war, which is carried out in two directions – the protection of war victims (i.e., the Geneva law, which began with the Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded in Armies in the Field 1864) and legal regulation of limits on methods and means of waging war (i.e. the Hague Law, which began with documents such as the Liber Code 1863, the St. Petersburg Declaration Renouncing the Use, in Time of War, of Explosive Projectiles Under 400 Grammes Weight 1868 and the draft Brussels Declaration Concerning the Laws and Customs of War 1874), which eventually led to adoption of the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907. It is not surprising, therefore, that the international legal doctrine of the nineteenth century in many countries has paid considerable attention to the study of issues related to the laws and customs of war. International lawyers, whose scientific activity was connected with St. Volodymyr's University in Kyiv, were no exception. All of them have published works on the general question of the relationship between war and international law, or the legal regulation of limits on methods and means of waging war and protecting the victims of war. This topic also dominates in their dissertation research, in particular the dissertation pro venia legendi by R. Baziner, master's dissertation by N. Rennenkampf, master's and doctoral dissertations by O. Eikhel’man and P Bogaevskii. Among the topics that were the subject of scientific research of pre-revolutionary Kyiv international lawyers can be identified general issues of the relationship between war and international law (V. Nezabitovskii), the law of naval warfare, in particular the inviolability of private property during naval war (N. Rennenkampf, R. Baziner), legal status of prisoners of war (O. Eichelman), rights and responsibilities of the occupying state (O. Eikhel’man), legal issues of the Red Cross (P. Bogaevskii), legal content and history of adoption Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded in Armies in the Field of August 22, 1864 (P. Bogaevskii).
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Warren, C. P. W. "Long Night's Journey into Day: Prisoners of War in Hong Kong and Japan, 1941-1945. Charles G. RolandLong Night's Journey into Day: Prisoners of War in Hong Kong and Japan, 1941-1945. Charles G. Roland Waterloo: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 2001, xxviii + 421 p., $28.95." Canadian Bulletin of Medical History 19, no. 2 (October 2002): 506–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cbmh.19.2.506.
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Yœurp, Mélanie. "Returning Memories: Former Prisoners of War in Divided and Reunited Germany. By Christiane Wienand. Rochester, NY: Camden House, 2015. xv + 346 pages + 5 b/w illustrations. $90.00." Monatshefte 109, no. 3 (September 2017): 509–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/m.109.3.509.
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Al-Jafar, Ali A. "Sadako and the Thousand Paper Cranes: The Dialogic Narrative in the Educational Act." International Education Studies 9, no. 10 (September 28, 2016): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ies.v9n10p83.
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<p class="apa">This study used the story of <em>Sadako and the thousand paper cranes </em>by Coerr (1977) to discover similarities between the events of August 1945 in Hiroshima and the events of August 1990 in Kuwait. The participants in a children’s literature class at Kuwait University folded paper cranes and wrote in their journals to answer two questions: (1) what is the importance of the story of Sadako, the Japanese girl, in introducing the issue of Kuwaiti prisoners of war? and (2) what are the educational values that Kuwaiti students can extract from Sadako’s story? Three techniques were used, with a special focus on the participants’ remarks and their impressions of those remarks in written form. The researcher counted nine values that the participants mentioned while they folded the paper crane and five values after they realized the crane’s meaning. Several recommendations, suggestions, and remarks are also proposed.</p>
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Heuser, Beatrice. "War with Russia. By General Sir Richard Shirreff: Ghost fleet: a novel of the next world war. By P. W. Singer and August Cole." International Affairs 92, no. 6 (November 2016): 1528–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2346.12763.
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Schiemann, John W. "Life and Death in Captivity: The Abuse of Prisoners During War. By Geoffrey P. R. Wallace. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2015. 296p. $39.95 cloth." Perspectives on Politics 16, no. 1 (February 7, 2018): 175–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537592717004169.
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Crang, J. A. "S. P. MACKENZIE. The Colditz Myth: British and Commonwealth Prisoners of War in Nazi Germany. New York: Oxford University Press. 2004. Pp. xiv, 446. $35.00." American Historical Review 112, no. 2 (April 1, 2007): 612–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr.112.2.612.
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Govaerts, Sander. "Unravelling the complex history of chivalry, heraldry and warfare." Virtus | Journal of Nobility Studies 27 (December 31, 2020): 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21827/virtus.27.151-154.
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Review of Robert W. Jones and Peter Coss, eds, A companion to chivalry (Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer, 2019, 338 p., ill., index); and Philip J. Caudrey, Military society and the Court of Chivalry in the age of the Hundred Years War, Warfare in History (Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer, 2019, 227 p., index).
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Cary, Noel D. "From Yalta to Berlin: The Cold War Struggle over Germany." Central European History 39, no. 1 (March 2006): 163–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938906350066.
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The Berlin Republic of the twenty-first century, writes W. R. Smyser, is destined to be unlike all previous German states. A status quo power and a stable democracy, it is neither the battleground of others nor dominant over them, neither reticent like Bonn nor arrogant like the Berlin of the late Hohenzollerns. The Cold War was “the essential incubator” of this “new Germany” (p. 402). It provided Germany with the tools of change—a role through which to overcome its past, and time to overcome old wounds. Aiding the incubation were contradictory Communist policies, astute Western statesmanship, and bravely pursued Eastern popular aspirations. Two Germans and two Americans, Smyser avers, stand at the heart of the eventual Communist defeat: East German leader Walter Ulbricht, West German Chancellor Willy Brandt, President Ronald Reagan, and Smyser’s onetime mentor, General Lucius Clay. Mighty assists go to British Foreign Secretary Ernest Bevin, Soviet leaders Joseph Stalin and Mikhail Gorbachev, and the inspirational Polish Pope. Further down this idiosyncratic hierarchy stand Chancellors Adenauer and Kohl and U.S. President George H. W. Bush.
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Kusto, Agata. "Echa międzywojnia w muzycznym folklorze powojennej Lubelszczyzny. Na podstawie zapisów Włodzimierza Dębskiego." Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio L – Artes 16, no. 1/2 (June 14, 2019): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/l.2018.16.1/2.63-86.
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<p>Artykuł jest próbą uchwycenia wpływów pieśniowej tradycji międzywojnia, jakim podlegał repertuar udokumentowany po drugiej wojnie światowej na terenie Lubelszczyzny. Inspiracją dla podjęcia tematu stały się niepublikowane zapiski rękopiśmienne Włodzimierza Dębskiego (1922-1998) – kompozytora, teoretyka muzyki, etnomuzykologa, animatora edukacji muzycznej. W latach 1963-1976 Dębski aktywnie współtworzył szkolnictwo muzyczne w Lublinie, jednocześnie dokumentował i badał lubelski folklor muzyczny. Większość wykonawców, których Dębski uwzględnił w swoich badaniach, to osoby urodzone w przedziale lat 1910-1925. Byli to więc przedstawiciele pokolenia, którego wiek szkolny przypadł na okres międzywojenny. Konstrukcja niniejszego tekstu opiera się na porównaniach kultury muzycznej w międzywojennym Lublinie i regionie lubelskim z repertuarem lat 70-tych i 80-tych XX w. Na pieśniowy materiał z Lubelszczyzny utrwalony fonicznie i w przekazach pisanych (teksty) w okresie powojennym składają się śpiewy kilku wykonawców. W repertuarze Teresy Sołtys z podlubelskich Zemborzyc znajdowały się pieśni harcerskie, patriotyczne, żołnierskie/wojenne, obrzędowe, m.in.: <em>Cicho w stepie</em>, <em>Do polskiego wojska chłopców zaciągają</em>,<em> Gdy kogut zapiał w kurniku</em>, <em>Gdybym był hulaką</em>,<em> Hej, tam w karczmie, za stołem</em>, <em>Na nowej górze jadą żołnierze</em>,<em> Pod Krakowem czarna rola</em>, <em>Przyszedł nam rozkaz stanąć do boju</em>, <em>Szabla dzwoni o ostrogę</em>, <em>W suterynie daleko za miastem</em>, <em>Wesoła marynarska pragnie powitać nas wiara</em>, <em>Zmarł biedaczysko w szpitalu wojskowym</em>. Innym źródłem powojennego repertuaru przechowującego pieśni z okresu przedwojennego są nagrania Józefa Struskiego, obejmujące śpiewy kolędowe (<em>Za kolędę dziękujemy</em>, <em>Nie bój się królu żadnej</em>), weselne (<em>Już ci teraz, Kasiuleńko, welon zdejmiemy</em>,<em> Uklęknijże, córko</em>), biesiadne (<em>Chociaż są na świecie różne alkohole</em>, <em>Przyjacielu mój, rób bimber swój</em>), żołnierskie/wojenne (<em>Chcąc podwyższyć kadrę armii Beselera</em>, <em>Zawodzą dzwony w kościele</em>), zalotne/miłosne (<em>Szedłem sobie drożyneczką</em>, <em>Zaszło słonko, zaszło za góry</em>) i inne. Do cennych informatorów, zwłaszcza gdy chodzi o tradycję muzyki wojskowej, należeli Bolesław Strawa i Stanisław Zdybała. Ten ostatni pomięta wiele tytułów przedwojennych pieśni, które żyły w powojennym śpiewie wojskowym (<em>Było późno z wieczora</em>, <em>Do polskiego wojska</em>,<em> </em><em>Oj, bieda, bieda</em>,<em> Karpaccy górale</em>,<em> Tam we pękach bzu altana</em>).</p><p><strong>Echoes of the Interwar Period in Music Folklore of Postwar Lublin Province. On the Basis of Włodzimierz Dębski’s Notes</strong></p>SUMMARY<p>The article is an attempt to present the infl uences of the song tradition of the interwar period on the repertoire documented after World War 2 on the Lublin province territory. The unpublished handwritten notes of Włodzimierz Dębski (1922- 1998), a composer, theoretician of music, ethnomusicologist, animateur of music education, were the inspiration for undertaking this subject. In 1963-1976 Dębski actively co-created the music education in Lublin; simultaneously he documented and studied Lublin’s musical folklore. The majority of performers included in Dębski’s studies were born between 1910 and 1925. Therefore, they were the representatives of the generation whose school age fell on the interwar period. The construction of this paper is based on the comparison of musical culture in interwar Lublin and in the Lublin region with the repertoire of the 1970s and 1980s. The song material from the Lublin region phonically recorded and in written form (texts) in the interwar period consists of the singing of several performers. In her repertoire, Teresa Sołtys from Zemborzyce near Lublin had scouts’, patriotic, military/war, and ritual songs, inter alia, Cicho w stepie, Do polskiego wojska chłopców zaciągają, Gdy kogut zapiał w kurniku, Gdybym był hulaką, Hej, tam w karczmie,za stołem, Na nowej górze jada żołnierze, Pod Krakowem czarna rola, Przyszedł nam rozkaz stanąć do boju, Szabla dzwoni o ostrogę, W suterynie daleko za miastem, Wesoła marynarska pragnie powitać nas wiara, Zmarł biedaczysko w szpitalu wojskowym. Another source of the postwar repertoire that includes songs from the pre-war period are the recordings of Józef Struski, which comprised Christmas carols (Za kolędę dziękujemy, Nie bój się królu żadnej), wedding songs (Już ci teraz, Kasiuleńko, welon zdejmiemy, Uklęknijże córko), drinking songs (Chociaż są na świecie różne alkohole, Przyjacielu mój, rób bimber swój), military/war songs (Chcąc podwyższyć kadrę armii Beselera, Zawodzą dzwony w kościele), courtship/love songs (Szedłem sobie drożyneczką, Zaszło słonko, zaszło za góry) and others. Bolesław Strawa and Stanisław Zdybała were precious informants, especially as far as military music was concerned. The latter remembers many titles of the pre-war songs which were present in post-war military singing (Było późno z wieczora, Do polskiego wojska, Oj, bieda, bieda, Karpaccy górale, Tam we pękach bzu altana).</p>
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Sadłowski, Michał. "Obraz stanu gospodarki i finansów Rosji w wybranych pracach z okresu rewolucji lutowej 1917 r." Studia Iuridica Lublinensia 28, no. 3 (December 21, 2019): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/sil.2019.28.3.65-76.
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<p>The main purpose of this article was to present the state of the Russian economy and finance during World War I and in connection with the revolutionary events taking place in Russia in 1917. In this regard, a general analysis of widely unknown legal and economic works from 1917 by authors such as Z.S. Kacenelenbaum, I.A. Mikhailov, N.N. Lyubimov, G.D. Dementyev, D.P. Bogolepov, A.V. Venediktov, N.M. Yasny, P. Haensel, B.D. Bruckus, D.V. Kuzovkov, and A. Schreider was made. The works analyzed in the article are an example of the discussion of the Russian elites about the state’s problems in the context of the Legislative (Constitutional) Assembly that is to be assembled.</p>
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Ernst, Philip A., and Ilie Grigorescu. "Asymptotics for the time of ruin in the war of attrition." Advances in Applied Probability 49, no. 2 (June 2017): 388–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/apr.2017.6.
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AbstractWe consider two players, starting withmandnunits, respectively. In each round, the winner is decided with probability proportional to each player's fortune, and the opponent loses one unit. We prove an explicit formula for the probabilityp(m,n) that the first player wins. Whenm~Nx0,n~Ny0, we prove the fluid limit asN→ ∞. Whenx0=y0,z→p(N,N+z√N) converges to the standard normal cumulative distribution function and the difference in fortunes scales diffusively. The exact limit of the time of ruin τNis established as (T- τN) ~N-βW1/β, β = ¼,T=x0+y0. Modulo a constant,W~ χ21(z02/T2).
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Glatzel, Caroline Maria, Ágnes Patzkó, Juliane Matlach, and Franz Grehn. "Ergebnisse der filtrierenden Trabekulotomie (FTO) im Vergleich zur konventionellen Trabekulektomie (TE) – eine gematchte Fall-Kontroll-Studie." Der Ophthalmologe 118, no. 5 (March 29, 2021): 461–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00347-021-01365-w.
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Zusammenfassung Ziel Ziel dieser Studie war es, die 2‑Jahres-Ergebnisse der filtrierenden Trabekulotomie (FTO) im Vergleich zur konventionellen Trabekulektomie (TE) bei primärem Offenwinkelglaukom, Pseudoexfoliationsglaukom und Pigmentglaukom zu untersuchen. Patienten und Methoden Es wurden 30 konsekutive Patienten nach FTO und 87 Patienten nach TE nach intraokularem Druck (IOD) und Alter im Verhältnis 1:3 gematcht. Primärer Endpunkt war das Erreichen des Zieldrucks nach 2 Jahren. Als vollständiger Erfolg wurde ein IOD ohne Medikamente von ≤ 18 mm Hg bei gleichzeitiger IOD-Reduktion um ≥ 30 % definiert, als qualifizierter Erfolg, wenn hierfür zusätzlich Medikamente erforderlich waren. Sekundäre Endpunkte waren mittlere Drucksenkung, resultierende Sehschärfe, Komplikationen und nachfolgende Operationen. Die Operationstechnik der filtrierenden Trabekulotomie ist als Video zu diesem Beitrag abrufbar. Ergebnisse Zwei-Jahres-Daten konnten von 27 Patienten aus der FTO-Gruppe und 68 Patienten aus der TE-Gruppe erhoben werden. Die Patienten beider Gruppen wurden vor Beginn der Studie bezüglich Alter und IOD gematcht, waren aber auch bezüglich Sehschärfe, Geschlecht und Medikation nicht unterschiedlich. Der Median des präoperativen IOD unter Therapie betrug in beiden Gruppen 23,0 mm Hg. Nach den oben genannten Kriterien wurde ein qualifizierter 2‑Jahres-Erfolg bei 70,4 % der FTO-Gruppe und bei 77,6 % der TE-Gruppe erzielt (p = 0,60), ein vollständiger 2‑Jahres-Erfolg bei 33,3 % der FTO-Gruppe und bei 56,7 % der TE-Gruppe (p = 0,07). Beide Operationsmethoden senkten den Augeninnendruck nach 24 Monaten signifikant (p < 0,001), und zwar auf 12,8 mm Hg in der FTO-Gruppe und 11,0 mm Hg in der TE-Gruppe. Die Sehschärfe war postoperativ bei beiden Gruppen etwas verringert, unterschied sich jedoch nicht signifikant zwischen beiden Gruppen. Komplikations- und Reoperationsrate waren gering und unterschieden sich nicht zwischen den Gruppen. Schlussfolgerung FTO und TE sind nach 2 Jahren weitgehend gleichwertig bezüglich Zieldruck, IOD-Senkung, Sehschärfe und Komplikationen.
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Matar, C., L. Daas, S. Suffo, A. Langenbucher, B. Seitz, and T. Eppig. "Reliabilität der Hornhauttomographie nach Implantation von intrakornealen Ringsegmenten bei Keratokonus." Der Ophthalmologe 117, no. 11 (March 5, 2020): 1092–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00347-020-01074-w.
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Zusammenfassung Hintergrund und Ziel Intrakorneale Ringsegmente (ICRS) sollen die Progression des Keratokonus (KK) aufhalten. Diese Aussage zur Progression erfordert jedoch Kenntnisse über die Reproduzierbarkeit der angewendeten Messverfahren. Ziel dieser Studie war es, die Reproduzierbarkeit tomographischer Parameter in Augen mit Keratokonus (KK) nach femtosekundenlasergestützter INTACS-Implantation (fs-INTACS) zwischen 2 Hornhauttomographen zu vergleichen. Patienten und Methoden 19 KK-Augen wurden eingeschlossen. 5 Messungen wurden mit dem Scheimpflug-Tomographen Pentacam HR und dem optischen Kohärenztomographen (VA-OCT) Casia 2 durchgeführt. Zielgrößen waren die Reproduzierbarkeit und die Vergleichbarkeit der Messungen von (1) keratometrischem Brechwert der Hornhautvorder- und (2) -rückfläche, (3) maximalem keratometrischem Brechwert, (4) zentraler Hornhautdicke und (5) Hornhautdicke an der dünnsten Stelle zwischen beiden Geräten. Ergebnisse Die mittlere Differenz (Pentacam minus VA-OCT) von (1), (2), (3), (4) und (5) lag bei 0,67 dpt, 0,41 dpt, 3,4 dpt, 1,5 µm und 11,8 µm. Die mittlere SD der 5 Wiederholungen für (1), (2), (3), (4) und (5) lag bei 0,20 dpt/0,20 dpt, 0,10 dpt/0,07 dpt, 0,75 dpt/0,5 dpt, 6,5/2,4 µm (p = 0,007) und 7,3 µm/1,9 µm (p = 0,001) für Pentacam/Casia 2. Cronbach’s α war für alle Geräte und Parameter besser als 0,98. Schlussfolgerung Casia 2 und Pentacam ermöglichen beide eine zuverlässige Beurteilung der Hornhautbrechkraft bei KK nach fs-INTACS-Implantation. Die Reproduzierbarkeit war nur für die Hornhautdickenmessung mit Casia 2 signifikant besser. Pentacam zeigte signifikant höhere Werte für die Brechkraft der Hornhautvorder- und Rückfläche und misst signifikant dicker an der dünnsten Stelle im Vergleich zu Casia 2.
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Wrona-Meryk, Izabela. "Organisation of the administration and the network of vocational schooling in Częstochowa in the first months following the Second World War." Pedagogika 27, no. 2 (2018): 383–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.16926/p.2018.27.64.
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Miller, Carman. "MORTON, Desmond, Une histoire militaire du Canada, 1608-1991. Québec, Le Septentrion, 1992. 414 p. MORTON, Desmond, Silent Battle. Canadian Prisoners of War in Germany, 1914-1919. Toronto, Lister Publishing Limited, 1992. 218 p." Revue d'histoire de l'Amérique française 47, no. 4 (1994): 571. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/305289ar.
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Siepmann, Martin, Peter Joraschky, Max Rebensburg, Harald Rittger, Thomas Mösler, Marcus W. Agelink, and Michael Mück-Weymann. "Ist die autonome kardiale Regulation bei Patienten mit Depression und Koronarer Herzkrankheit gestört?" Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie 34, no. 4 (October 2005): 277–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026/1616-3443.34.4.277.
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Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund und Zielsetzung: Beeinträchtigung der Herzratenvariabilität ist ein Indikator für eine erhöhte kardiovaskuläre Mortalität. Geprüft werden sollte, ob depressive Symptome die Herzratenvariabilität beeinflussen können. Methode: Die Herzratenvariabilität wurde bei 22 ambulanten nicht behandelten Patienten (16 w, 6 m) und bei 11 gesunden Kontrollpersonen (8 w, 3 m) gemessen. Darüber hinaus wurden 41 Patienten mit koronarangiographisch gesicherter KHK (5 w, 36 m) untersucht. Ergebnisse: Die Herzratenvariabilität war bei herzgesunden Patienten mit Depression um 50% vermindert im Vergleich zu Kontrollpersonen (p < 0,05) während das Vorhandensein depressiver Symptome bei Patienten mit KHK keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf die Herzratenvariabilität hatte. Schlussfolgerungen: Störung der autonomen kardialen Regulation konnte für herzgesunde Patienten mit Depression nachgewiesen werden.
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Schmitz-Rixen, T., M. Steffen, D. Böckler, and R. T. Grundmann. "Offene und endovaskuläre Versorgung des infrarenalen vs. juxtarenalen Bauchaortenaneurysmas." Gefässchirurgie 25, no. 7 (August 24, 2020): 568–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00772-020-00681-w.
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Zusammenfassung Hintergrund und Zielsetzung Die vorliegende Untersuchung geht der Frage nach, wie sich die perioperativen Ergebnisse bei elektiver Versorgung juxtarenaler abdomineller Aortenaneurysmen (AAA) von denen bei Versorgung infrarenaler AAA unterscheiden. Material und Methoden Datenbasis ist das AAA-Register des Deutschen Instituts für Gefäßmedizinische Gesundheitsforschung (DIGG) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gefäßchirurgie und Gefäßmedizin (DGG) der Jahre 2013–2017 mit insgesamt 18.629 Patienten, 17.026 (91,4 %) mit infrarenalem und 1603 (8,6 %) mit juxtarenalem AAA. Bei den infrarenalen AAA wurden 80,5 % (n = 13.707) endovaskulär (EVAR) und 3319 (19,5 %) offen (OAR) versorgt, bei den juxtarenalen waren es 786 Patienten mit EVAR (49,0 %) und 817 (51,0 %) mit OAR. Ergebnisse Sowohl bei OAR als auch bei EVAR waren Patienten mit juxtarenalen AAA in ihren Ausgangsbedingungen nicht mit Patienten mit infrarenalen AAA vergleichbar. Der Frauenanteil war bei juxtarenalen AAA signifikant höher (bei EVAR 16,9 % vs. 13,1 %, bei OAR 18,6 % vs. 16,0 %) und der Aneurysmadurchmesser war signifikant größer (bei EVAR 57,8 vs. 54,3 mm, bei OAR 59,0 vs. 56,3 mm). Patienten mit juxtarenalem AAA zeigten signifikant häufiger als Patienten mit infrarenalem AAA bereits präoperativ eine eingeschränkte Nierenfunktion (12,5 % vs. 9,7 % bei EVAR, 14,4 % vs. 9,4 % bei OAR). Die Klinikletalität betrug bei EVAR 1,0 % (infrarenale AAA) vs. 5,7 % (juxtarenale AAA) (p = 0,000), bei OAR 4,2 % (infrarenale AAA) vs. 7,7 % (juxtarenale AAA) (p = 0,000). Zu einer postoperativen Verschlechterung der Nierenfunktion kam es bei EVAR in 2,0 % der Fälle mit infrarenalen AAA vs. 12,2 % bei juxtarenalen AAA (p = 0,000), bei OAR in 7,9 % vs. 19,5 % (p = 0,000). Schlussfolgerungen Im vorliegenden Krankengut waren die Raten an postoperativen Komplikationen sowie die postoperative Sterblichkeit bei Versorgung juxtarenaler AAA signifikant höher als bei Versorgung infrarenaler AAA, das galt sowohl für EVAR als auch für OAR. Inwieweit dies an den ungünstigeren Ausgangsbedingungen bei Patienten mit juxtarenalen AAA lag und welche Rolle die gewählte Operationstechnik dabei spielte, sollte in weiteren Erhebungen überprüft werden.
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Pittman, Walter. "Eugene W. Hilgard and Scientific Education in Mississippi." Earth Sciences History 4, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.4.1.b8653w6k36620834.
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Hilgard is renown as the Father of Soil Science, and the founder of that scientific discipline. Born in Bavaria, he was brought to America as a child. He returned to Europe for university education at Freiburg and at Heidelberg, where he received his Ph.D. in Chemistry in 1853. In 1855, he came to Mississippi as Assistant State Geologist and Professor at the University of Mississippi. He came at the behest of Chancellor F. A. P. Barnard, who was trying to build a great scientific center at Oxford. Hilgard remained for 18 years, through the drama of the Civil War when he put his scientific talents to the use of the Confederacy. He sought out nitrate and salt sources, and tried to build calcium flood lights for the batteries at Vicksburg. Hilgard was a kind, gentle, patient man of extraordinary intellect, beloved by students and associates. In 1873 he moved to the University of California where his fame grew. Hilgard was the first to delineate the field of soil science. In that discipline most of the long-used definitions, concepts, physical parameters, standard units, and techniques originated with him. He bridged the gap between theoretical science and practical farming.
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Maszkiewicz, Magdalena. "Hermeneutyka i teoria intertekstualności jako metodologia badań modernizmu w poezji serbskiej drugiej połowy XX w. na przykładzie cyklu „Deset soneta nerođenoj kćeri" Ivana V. Lalicia." Adeptus, no. 6 (December 24, 2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/sn.2015.009.
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<p><strong>Hermeneutics and the theory of intertextuality as a method of researching modernism in Serbian poetry of the second half of the 20th century on the example of poetic cycle <em>Deset soneta nerođenoj kćeri</em> by Ivan V. Lalić</strong></p><p>The aim of this paper is to show that hermeneutics and the theory of intertextuality provide useful tools for the research in post-war Serbian modernism in poetry. The argumentation takes two steps. Firstly, the use of these methods is being legitimized in the context of general characteristics of the literature under consideration. Secondly, the functioning of such tools is presented in the example of a particular text, which in this case is <em>Deset sonata nerođenoj kćeri</em> ['Ten Sonnets for The Unborn Daughter'], a poetic cycle by Ivan V. Lalić. The kind of poetry researched in this paper is strongly influenced by the ideas of T. S. Eliot who said that an original literary work is the result of the author’s awareness of his place in tradition. For this reason such poetry contains numerous cultural and literary references which are an inevitable context of its interpretation. A hermeneutic and intertextual approach helps to expose such references and make them part of the process of understanding the poetry in question.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Hermeneutyka i teoria intertekstualności jako metodologia badań modernizmu w poezji serbskiej drugiej połowy XX w. na przykładzie cyklu Deset soneta nerođenoj kćeri Ivana V. Lalicia</strong></p><p>Zadaniem pracy jest wykazanie, że hermeneutyka i teoria intertekstualności dostarczają narzędzi do badania poezji powojennego modernizmu serbskiego. Argumentacja opiera się na uzasadnieniu użycia tych metod najpierw w świetle ogólnej charakterystyki omawianej twórczości, a następnie na podstawie ich funkcjonowania w interpretacji konkretnego tekstu będącego jej typowym przykładem (cykl Ivana V. Lalicia Deset soneta nerođenoj kćeri). Poezja będąca przedmiotem zainteresowania tej pracy pozostaje pod silnym wpływem poglądów Thomasa S. Eliota, według którego oryginalna twórczość powinna wynikać ze zrozumienia przez autora swojego miejsca w tradycji. To powód występowania w omawianych utworach licznych nawiązań kulturowych i literackich, które stanowią kontekst niezbędny do interpretacji tej twórczości. Podejście hermeneutyczne i metody teorii intertekstualności pozwalają te elementy wydobyć i uwzględnić w rozumieniu sensu tekstu.</p>