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Journal articles on the topic 'P.P.C'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Kencanawati, Ni Nyoman, Shofia Rawiana, and Ni Putu Ria Ria Darmayanti. "Characteristics of Pozzolan and Composite Portland Cements for Sustainable Concrete's Material." Aceh International Journal of Science and Technology 9, no. 1 (2020): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.13170/aijst.9.1.16177.

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To support sustainable materials, the ordinary Portland cement production has been reduced since it left a high carbon footprint during manufacturing. As an alternative, the use of pozzolan Portland cement and composite Portland cement has been encouraged because they are more environmentally friendly. This paper examines some characteristics of cement made from pozzolan Portland cement (P.P.C.) and composite Portland cement (P.C.C.). The testing procedures were carried out on chemical and physical testing on P.P.C. and P.C.C. In addition, the mechanical testing of concrete made from both types of Portland cement and their combinations were conducted under compression load. Furthermore, the surface hardness of the concrete was evaluated using a rebound hammer measurement. Concrete testing was conducted after the curing age of 7, 28, and 42 days. According to chemical examination, P.P.C. has higher silica (SiO2) and iron (Fe2O3) than those of P.C.C., whereas P.C.C. has a higher lime (CaO) content. Compared to P.P.C., P.C.C. shows faster initial and final setting time. This result is proportionally influencing the strength development of concrete. P.C.C. concrete offers significant strength development at an earlier age. Meanwhile, P.P.C. concrete reacts slower at an earlier age, but it improves the compressive strength at a later age. The mix combination of 50% P.P.C. and 50% P.C.C. in concrete shows the highest average compressive strength and surface hardness. This combination achieves the average compressive strength of 30.27 MPa, 35.27 MPa, and 35.93 MPa respectively for 7, 28, and 42 days curing time. Furthermore, this concrete also shows the most remarkable characteristics of Young's modulus and surface hardness

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2

Whetter, K. S. "Eminent Arthurian: P.J.C. Field." Arthuriana 24, no. 1 (2014): 5–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/art.2014.0007.

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3

Ghumman, Sardool S., Rajender Singh, N. P. S. Sidhu, and H. S. Sahota. "Structure investigations by P.A.C." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Letters 118, no. 6 (1987): 433–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02166764.

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4

Bischoff, R., R. März, C. Ismail, et al. "Exhalation monitoring - analysis of volatile compounds at the p.p.b. and sub-p.p.b. level." Focus on Alternative and Complementary Therapies 6, no. 1 (2010): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7166.2001.tb02798.x.

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5

Urvashi, Trivedi, Patel Tanvi, Ragde Arti, Shah Ritesh, Hinal Surati, and Limbachiya Vandana. "Automation of Electroplating Technique Using P.L.C." International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer Science & Technology 5, no. 2 (2017): 257–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/ijircst.2017.5.2.9.

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6

Gallus, Nick. "National Grid P.L.C. v. Argentine Republic." American Journal of International Law 103, no. 4 (2009): 722–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000293000015986x.

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7

Bachman, David, and Yu-Ming Shaw. "Power and Policy in the P.R.C." Pacific Affairs 60, no. 3 (1987): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2758894.

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8

Al-Shdidi, Ahmed M. S. "Study of Pollution Levels of heavy metals residues in the locally produced cheese & emulsifying salts." Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine 34, no. 2 (2010): 188–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.30539/iraqijvm.v34i2.650.

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The study was conducted to indicate the compartive measurements of heavy metals residues levels were detected by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer in 10 random samples of locally processed cheeses and in 20 random samples of emulsifying salts collectd from different areas in Baghdad , results showed that such cheese of low quality and did not meet both local and international Dairy products standards , Such findings of high concentration of heavy metals residues indicate that the emulsifying salts used in processing were not nutritional but of industrial origin and unfit for human consumption . The results show that is the concentration *[p.p.m.] of heavy metals residues **(±MD) in the locally processed cheeses samples were < 0.1±0.001 p.p.m. for both of Cd. & Mn. , 3.5±0.28 p.p.m. for Fe. , < 0.05±0.001 p.p.m. for Pb. , 7.3±0.3 p.p.m. for Zn. & 0.24±0.01p.p.m. for Cu. .. While the concentration *[p.p.m.] of heavy metals residues **(±MD) in the Emulsifying salts were 1.55±0.145 p.p.m. for Cd. , 1.7±0.16 p.p.m. for Mn. , 16±1.12 p.p.m. for Fe. , 3.15±0.275 p.p.m. for Pb. , 233.1±5.6 p.p.m. for Zn. & 1.95±0.085 p.p.m. for Cu.

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9

Parneix, J. P., S. Villers, M. El Kadiri, G. Froyer, F. Maurice, and J. Y. Goblot. "Complex Conductivity of Lightly Doped Polyparaphenylene (P.P.P.)." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 118, no. 1 (1985): 295–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00268948508076227.

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10

Grimm, Kevin T. "Malory: Texts and Sources by P.J.C. Field." Arthuriana 9, no. 3 (1999): 108–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/art.1999.0057.

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11

Whitaker, Muriel. "Malory: Texts and Sources by P.J.C. Field." Arthuriana 9, no. 3 (1999): 110–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/art.1999.0064.

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12

Hanser, Amy. "Made in the P.R.C.: China's Consumer Revolution." Current History 104, no. 683 (2005): 272–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2005.104.683.272.

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Although the market and opportunities for consumption seem to offer a counterbalance to the government's authoritarian powers, many Chinese are ambivalent about the forces of Westernization and marketization and the rapidly growing gap between rich and poor.

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13

Quqing, Gao. "Construction of underground works in Shanghai, P.R.C." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 5, no. 4 (1990): 357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0886-7798(90)90131-3.

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14

Andrzejczak, Grzegorz, and Przemysław Gordinowicz. "On automorphisms of the countable p.e.c. graph." Discrete Mathematics 313, no. 11 (2013): 1206–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.disc.2012.01.001.

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15

خلف, فاروق عز الدين, та وليد مرزة المخزومي. "ابرام عقد المشاركة في الانتاج النفطي p.s.c". مجلة العلوم القانونية 35, № 4 (2021): 317–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.35246/jols.v35i4.364.

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يتناول هذا البحث الجانب الإجرائي لعقود النفط ومنها عقد المشاركة في الإنتاج والذي لا يقل أهمية عن الجوانب الأخرى، إذ أن المُشرِعَ في الدول النفطية يوجب توافر إجراءات معينة لإبرام عقود النفط تتعلق بمسائل ذات أهمية كبيرة، منها الأساليب المتبعة من الجهة الإدارية المختصة في الدولة النفطية لإختيار الشركة النفطية الأجنبية للتعاقد معها ، وكذلك الإجراءات الواجب إتباعها عند إجراء المفاوضات مع تلك الشركات بما يحقق مصلحة الدولة النفطية والشركة الاجنبية على حد سواء ، ومن الإجراءات الواجب إتباعها لإبرام العقود النفطية توقيع العقد من الجهة التي حددها القانون، وكذلك ضرورة عرضه بعد توقيعه على السلطة التشريعية أو أي جهة أخرى مختصة للتصديق عليه .

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16

Patel, Dr Harshaben R. "Language Ability Measurement of Trainees of P.T.C. colleges." Indian Journal of Applied Research 3, no. 6 (2011): 148–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/june2013/50.

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17

Guo, Jingfeng, W. L. Griffin, and S. Y. O'Reilly. "A cobalt-rich spinel inclusion in a sapphire from Bo Ploi, Thailand." Mineralogical Magazine 58, no. 391 (1994): 247–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1994.058.391.07.

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AbstractCobalt-rich spinel is found as a ∼200 µm inclusion, together with a glassy phase, in a gem-quality blue sapphire from Bo Ploi, Thailand. This is the first reported natural occurrence of such a spinel. Its composition is directly analogous with that of cochromite, a previously reported rare cobalt-rich chromite. The compositional ranges for the cobalt-rich spinel, obtained using electron microprobe and proton microprobe (methods described below), are Al2O348.18–61.27 %, CoO 19.7–22.84 %, Cr2O30–12.28 %, FeO 8.64–9.67 %, MgO 6.04–6.89, TiO20.49–0.73 %, Ni 2251–2532 p.p.m., Zn 335–371 p.p.m., Mn < 177–849 p.p.m., Ga 113–153 p.p.m., Nb 24–1252 p.p.m., Zr <4–167 p.p.m., Sn 22–428 p.p.m., As <4–56 p.p.m., Sr <4–59 p.p.m., Ag 13–64 p.p.m. Transition elements decrease in abundance from core to rim of the spinel while the other elements increase. Crystal chemical considerations suggest that a vacancy-creating substitution mechanism may be operative in the cobalt-rich spinel despite the small scale, i.e. 3Co2+= 2Al3++[4]□. The glassy phase coexisting with the spinel is likely to be the product of heating by the host basaltic magma. The mode of occurrence of the cobalt-rich spinel prevents further physical investigation. This unusual spinel is considered to be the result of a complex magma mixing process in the lower crust.

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18

RAMALINGAM, M., and A. AHMAD FUAD. "Short Communication: Sulphur Levels and Fuel Quality in Peninsular Malaysia." ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development 32, no. 1 (2017): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.29037/ajstd.11.

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This paper presents the investigation on sulphur levels in fuels collected from different petrol stations in Peninsular Malaysia. Diesel and gasoline samples were analysed for sulphur using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry technique. In general, diesel concentrations of sulphur were only slightly lower than the Deprtment of Environment’s current sulphur limit of 500 p.p.m. across 2010–2014 (the range was 289–698 p.p.m., 374–410 p.p.m., 319–436 p.p.m., 447–605 p.p.m. and 300–477 p.p.m. for 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014, respectively). Sulphur concentrations were relatively low in gasoline samples: the mean figures were 95, 77, 96, 74, 240 and 125 for 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014, respectively when compared with the sulphur limit of 500 p.p.m.. The importance of determining sulphur concentration in fuel oils was critical in the efforts to determine if the vehicles used quality fuels that comply with Euro 2 Standards; and also was relevant in meeting Euro 4 Standards requirement of 50 p.p.m. sulphur that was proposed to be adopted in the future.

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19

Killard, A. J., M. R. Smyth, K. Grennan, L. Micheli, and G. Palleschi. "Rapid antibody biosensor assays for environmental analysis." Biochemical Society Transactions 28, no. 2 (2000): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0280081.

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Traditionally, biosensor development has focused on molecules with a defined metabolic role that can be exploited by enzyme-based systems. Antibodies have the ability to move beyond this range of analytes, and are particularly useful in detecting small, hapten molecules. Electrochemically based biosensor developments have been less fruitful in this regard, as enzyme labelling is required, and such assays require the separation from bound and unbound species. These separations and the removal of background signals result in the increased complexity of the assay format, making it unsuitable for rapid sensor analysis. We have developed an electrochemical sensor based on anti-bodies that does not require the separation of bound and unbound molecules in a competition immunoassay format. This removes the need for several washing and separation steps as is normally employed in this type of assay. This allows single-step immunoassays to be performed using this system, and also allows for the real-time monitoring of antibody—antigen interactions. We have shown that such assays are possible in both batch and flow-injection formats and we are currently developing an assay for the pesticide atrazine. Tentative results show that analysis with this system is possible in the p.p.m. to p.p.b. range.

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20

Grewal, H. S., and J. S. Kolar. "Response of Brassica juncea to chlorocholine chloride and ethrel sprays in association with nitrogen application." Journal of Agricultural Science 114, no. 1 (1990): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600071033.

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SUMMARYField studies conducted in 1983/84–1985/86 at Ludhiana showed that the response of physiological and yield characters of Brassica juncea to foliar sprays of chlorocholine chloride as cycocel (CCC) at 250 and 500 p.p.m. and ethrel at 500, 1000 and 1500 p.p.m. differed at different doses of N (O, 50 and 100 kg/ha). The crop did not respond to CCC or ethrel in the absence of N, whereas a significant response was obtained with 250 p.p.m. CCC or 500 p.p.m. ethrel at 50 kg N/ha and 500 p.p.m. CCC or 1000 p.p.m. ethrel at 100 kg N/ha. Response to increasing doses of N increased in the presence of CCC or ethrel spray. The highest concentration of ethrel (1500 p.p.m.) proved detrimental at 0 and N/ha. CCC and ethrel reduced the crop canopy, enhanced the chlorophyll content of leaves, interception of photosynthetically active radiation and sink capacity (number of pods per plant and 1000-seed weight) at 50 and 100 kg N/ha. A higher leaf area index was obtained during the pod development phase with CCC and ethrel sprays. The oil content and germination potential of seeds from crops treated with CCC (250 and 500 p.p.m.) and ethrel (500 and 1000 p.p.m.) were as high as in the untreated crop, irrespective of N dose. However, 1500 p.p.m. of ethrel sprayed on a crop raised without N suppressed germination capacity.

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21

Chabert, Jean-Paul. "Retrouvailles ambiguës avec la jachère sous la P.A.C." Journal d'agriculture traditionnelle et de botanique appliquée 38, no. 1 (1996): 179–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/jatba.1996.3593.

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22

Hacimuftuoglu, A., F. Saruhan, H. Suleyman, et al. "P.l.c.052 Paclitaxel induced pain and its character." European Neuropsychopharmacology 19 (September 2009): S281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-977x(09)70412-2.

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23

Smil, Vaclav, and Alan Piazza. "Food Consumption and Nutritional Status in the P.R.C." Pacific Affairs 60, no. 2 (1987): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2758151.

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24

Kristensen, Preben. "POSTERIOR SUBCAPSULAR CATARACT (P.S.C.) AND SYSTEMIC STEROID THERAPY." Acta Ophthalmologica 46, no. 5 (2009): 1025–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-3768.1968.tb00939.x.

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25

SKUDE, GUNNAR. "STUDIES IN SWEET TASTE PERCEPTION FOR PHENYLTHIOUREA (P.T.C.)." Hereditas 50, no. 2-3 (2009): 196–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1963.tb01905.x.

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26

SKUDE, GUNNAR. "SOME FACTORS INFLUENCING TASTE PERCEPTION FOR PHENYLTHIOUREA (P.T.C.)." Hereditas 50, no. 2-3 (2009): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1963.tb01906.x.

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27

Chae, Bong-Geon, Su-Hyeon Kim, Hye-In Kim, and Hyun-Ung Oh. "Development of P.P.T CanSat System Applying Energy Harvesting System." Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences 46, no. 4 (2018): 315–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5139/jksas.2018.46.4.315.

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28

Zhuraev, T. F. "On paracompact spaces and projectively inductively closed functors." Applied General Topology 3, no. 1 (2002): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/agt.2002.2110.

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<p>In this paper we introduce a notion of projectively inductively closed functor (p.i.c.-functor). We give sufficient conditions for a functor to be a p.i.c.-functor. In particular, any finitary normal functor is a p.i.c.-functor. We prove that every preserving weight p.i.c.- functor of a finite degree preserves the class of stratifiable spaces and the class of paracompact -spaces. The same is true (even if we omit a preservation of weight) for paracompact -spaces and paracompact p-spaces.</p>

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29

Schilling, K., M. Kayser, K. Deckardt, K. Küttler, and H.-J. Klimisch. "Subchronic toxicity studies of 3-Methyl-1- butanol and 2-Methyl-1-propanol in rats." Human & Experimental Toxicology 16, no. 12 (1997): 722–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032719701601205.

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1 90-day subchronic toxicity studies with 3-methyl-1- butanol (MEB) and 2-methyl-1-propanol (MEP) were performed on rats to evaluate the toxicological profile of the compounds under conditions of drinking water studies, to identify the potential target organs, and to determine no-observable-adverse-effect-levels (NOAELs) respective of the substances. The test substances were administered to groups of 10 male and 10 female Wistar rats in drinking water at concentrations of 0, 1000 p.p.m. (about 80 mg/kg/d), 4000 p.p.m. (about 340 mg/kg/d) and 16 000 p.p.m. (about 1250 and 1450 mg/kg/d of MEB and MEP respectively). 2 16 000 p.p.m. was found to be the maximal concentra tion for both alcohols applicable to rats in drinking water. Higher concentrations had an influence on palatability and could thus not be tested in drinking water studies. 3 At 16 000 p.p.m. MEB a marginal increase in the red blood cell count as well as a slight decrease in the mean corpuscular volume and the mean corpuscular hemo globin content was observed in males only. These changes are considered to be treatment-related, although the toxicological significance of these find ings is unclear. No other substance-related effects were found on body weight (b.w.), mortality, various parameters of clinical chemistry, organ weights, gross pathology and histopathology. 4000 p.p.m. MEB did not cause any substance-induced changes. Therefore, the NOAEL of MEB was defined as 4000 p.p.m. for male and 16 000 p.p.m. for female rats under condi tions of oral application via drinking water. 4 MEP concentrations up to and including 16 000 p.p.m. did not induce any signs of toxicity and were therefore defined as the NOAEL respective of this substance for rats under conditions of drinking water application.

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30

O'Connell, T. P., and J. P. G. Malthouse. "A study of the stabilization of the oxyanion of tetrahedral adducts by trypsin, chymotrypsin and subtilisin." Biochemical Journal 307, no. 2 (1995): 353–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3070353.

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Subtilisin and delta-chymotrypsin have been alkylated using 2-13C-enriched benzyloxycarbonylglycylglycylphenylalanylchloromethane. A single signal due to the 13C-enriched carbon was detected in both the intact subtilisin and delta-chymotrypsin derivatives. The signal titrated from 98.9 p.p.m. to 103.6 p.p.m. with a pKa value of 6.9 in the subtilisin derivative and it is assigned to a tetrahedral adduct formed between the hydroxy group of serine-221 and the inhibitor. The signal in the delta-chymotrypsin derivative titrated from 98.5 p.p.m. to 103.2 p.p.m. with a pKa value of 8.92 and it is assigned to a tetrahedral adduct formed between the hydroxy group of serine-195 and the inhibitor. In both derivatives the titration shift is assigned to the formation of the oxyanion of the tetrahedral adduct. delta-Chymotrypsin has been inhibited by benzyloxycarbonylphenylalanylchloromethane and two signals due to 13C-enriched carbons were detected. One of these signals titrated from 98.8 p.p.m. to 103.6 p.p.m. with a pKa value of 9.4 and it was assigned in the same way as in the previous delta-chymotrypsin derivative. The second signal had a chemical shift of 204.5 +/- 0.5 p.p.m. and it did not titrate from pH 3.5 to 9.0. This signal was assigned to alkylated methionine-192. We discuss how subtilisin and chymotrypsin could stabilize the oxyanion of tetrahedral adducts.

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31

SHIHWEI, L., and B. YONGYAN. "Recent advances of plant cell biology in China (P.R.C)." Cell Biology International Reports 12, no. 12 (1988): 1001–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0309-1651(88)90024-0.

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32

King, Charles E., Zhao Yuqi, Liu Xin, and Li Mingren. "Genetic variation in parthenogeneticArtemia from the Shandong Peninsula, P.R.C." Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 6, no. 2 (1988): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02847837.

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33

KAHYAOGLU, Ara, Khadijeh HAGHJOO, Ferenc KRAICSOVITS, Frank JORDAN, and Laszlo POLGAR. "Benzyloxycarbonylprolylprolinal, a transition-state analogue for prolyl oligopeptidase, forms a tetrahedral adduct with catalytic serine, not a reactive cysteine." Biochemical Journal 322, no. 3 (1997): 839–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3220839.

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N-Benzyloxycarbonyl-l-prolyl-l-[1-13C]prolinal was synthesized starting with reduction of l-[1-13C]Pro to l-[1-13C]prolinol, followed by coupling with N-benzyloxycarbonyl-l-Pro to N-benzyloxycarbonyl-l-Pro-l-[1-13C]prolinol (Z-Pro-[1-13C]prolinol), and finally oxidation of the alcohol to the aldehyde with dimethyl sulphoxide. While the 13C NMR chemical shift of the aldehyde carbon is 202 p.p.m., that of the aldehyde hydrate is between 91.6 and 91.8 p.p.m., that of the dithiothreitol adduct is between 74.8 and 75.0 p.p.m., and that in the presence of the serine protease prolyl oligopeptidase is at 92.3 p.p.m.. The linewidth of the latter is 114 Hz, roughly consistent with the molecular mass of 80 kDa reported for the enzyme. Inverse detection experiments gave a 1H resonance at 5.29 p.p.m. with a linewidth of 80 Hz, also consistent with the expected chemical shift and linewidth for a hemiacetal bound to such a large enzyme, while the free hydrate gave resonances at 5.18 and 5.25 p.p.m., with very much narrower linewidths. It is concluded that Z-Pro-prolinal, a putative transition-state analogue for prolyl oligopeptidase, forms a tetrahedral complex with the enzyme at its catalytic serine, rather than at a neighbouring cysteine that was found to be highly reactive according to chemical modification studies.

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34

Bond, Andrew D. "A survey of thermal expansion coefficients for organic molecular crystals in the Cambridge Structural Database." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials 77, no. 3 (2021): 357–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052520621003309.

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Typical ranges of thermal expansion coefficients are established for organic molecular crystals in the Cambridge Structural Database. The CSD Python API is used to extract 6201 crystal structures determined close to room temperature and at least one lower temperature down to 90 K. The data set is dominated by structure families with only two temperature points and is subject to various sources of error, including incorrect temperature reporting and missing flags for variable-pressure studies. For structure families comprising four or more temperature points in the range 90–300 K, a linear relationship between unit-cell volume and temperature is shown to be a reasonable approximation. For a selected subset of 210 structures showing an optimal linear fit, the volumetric expansion coefficient at 298 K has mean 173 p.p.m. K−1 and standard deviation 47 p.p.m. K−1. The full set of 6201 structures shows a similar distribution, which is fitted by a normal distribution with mean 161 p.p.m. K−1 and standard deviation 51 p.p.m. K−1, with excess population in the tails mainly comprising unreliable entries. The distribution of principal expansion coefficients, extracted under the assumption of a linear relationship between length and temperature, shows a positive skew and can be approximated by two half normal distributions centred on 33 p.p.m. K−1 with standard deviations 40 p.p.m. K−1 (lower side) and 56 p.p.m. K−1 (upper side). The distribution for the full structure set is comparable to that of the test subset, and the overall frequency of biaxial and uniaxial negative thermal expansion is estimated to be < 5% and ∼30%, respectively. A measure of the expansion anisotropy shows a positively skewed distribution, similar to the principal expansion coefficients themselves, and ranges based on suggested half normal distributions are shown to highlight literature cases of exceptional thermal expansion.

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35

Phelan, P., та J. P. Malthouse. "13C-n.m.r. of the cyanylated β-lactoglobulins: evidence that Cys-121 provides the thiol group of β-lactoglobulins A and B". Biochemical Journal 302, № 2 (1994): 511–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3020511.

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The thiol groups of beta-lactoglobulins A and B have been cyanylated using [13C]KCN. The samples of [cyanato-13C]-cyanylated-beta-lactoglobulins A and B which we prepared had signals at 109.7 p.p.m. and 114.4 p.p.m. We conclude that the thiocyanate carbon having a chemical shift of 109.7 p.p.m. is in an apolar environment similar to a cyclohexane solvent, whereas the thiocyanate carbon having a chemical shift of 114.4 p.p.m. is in a polar environment similar to water. The signals with chemical shifts of 109.7 p.p.m. are assigned to the thiocyanate carbons of the native [cyanato-13C]cyanylated-beta-lactoglobulins A and B. We deduce that the signal at 114.4 p.p.m. is due to an irreversibly denatured/unfolded species produced by alkaline denaturation, which is caused by intramolecular thiol/disulphide exchange occurring during our cyanylation procedure. We propose that Cys-119 is cyanylated in the irreversibly denatured species and Cys-121 is cyanylated in the native [cyanato-13C]cyanylated-beta-lactoglobulins A and B. We suggest that the same intramolecular thiol-disulphide exchange reactions occurred when McKenzie and co-workers [McKenzie, Ralston and Shaw (1972) Biochemistry 11, 4539-4547] alkylated beta-lactoglobulins with iodoacetamide. Therefore the one mol of thiol/mol of monomer in the native beta-lactoglobulins is due to the thiol of Cys-121 and is not due to an equimolar mixture of Cys-119 and Cys-121 as they suggested.

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36

Van Bueren, J., R. A. Simpson, H. Salmax, H. D. Farrelly, and B. D. Cookson. "Inactivation of HIV-1 by chemical disinfectants: sodium hypochlorite." Epidemiology and Infection 115, no. 3 (1995): 567–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800058738.

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SummaryThe efficacy of sodium hypochlorite was assessed against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 suspended in low (8% v/v) or high (80% v/v) concentrations of serum or in a high (80%) concentration of blood. In the presence of 8% serum. 100 p.p.m. available chlorine in the disinfectant test mixture inactivated 3·75 log TCID50HIV/ml within 30 s. When the test mixture contained 80% serum. 500 p.p.m. available chlorine inactivated more than 4 log TCID50HIV/ml in 1–2 min. Lower concentrations of available chlorine were unable to inactivate the virus completely. In the presence of 80% blood. 1000 p.p.m. available chlorine in the disinfectant test mixture was unable to inactivate 3·75 log TCID50HIV/ml. although 2500 p.p.m. available chlorine was able to inactivate at least 1·5 log TCID50HIV/ml. In all test mixtures, the chlorine rapidly became combined and thus less active. Our results emphasise the importance of cleaning prior to disinfection with sodium hypochlorite since it may prove to be ineffective in the presence of high levels of organic matter. In cases where prior cleaning is impossible, care must be taken to use the higher recommended concentration (a minimum of 10000 p.p.m. available chlorine).

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37

Ashley, David, and Xiao Ji. "Class Struggle in the P.R.C. before and after “Tiananmen Square”." Humanity & Society 15, no. 2 (1991): 156–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016059769101500202.

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38

Klimeš, Leoš. "P.J.C. Kuiper & M. Bos [eds.]: Plantago: A multidisciplinary study." Folia Geobotanica et Phytotaxonomica 30, no. 4 (1995): 454. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02803974.

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39

JANKOWSKI, J., J. R. NOFER, M. TEPEL, et al. "Identification of oxidized low-density lipoprotein in human serum by NMR spectroscopy." Clinical Science 95, no. 4 (1998): 489–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0950489.

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1.In this study we compared the 500 MHz 1H-NMRs from native and oxidized low-density lipoproteins. 2.The measurements revealed a characteristic pattern of three resonances in spectra from oxidized, but not from native low-density liprotein at 1.17 p.p.m., 1.18 p.p.m. and 1.20 p.p.m. (relative to 3-trimethylsilyl-[2,2,3,3-2H4]-propionate). 3.A quantitative comparison between these resonances in sera from patients with coronary heart disease and healthy control subjects revealed that the intensity was significantly higher in patients with coronary heart disease (1.17 p.p.m.: 0.026±0.014 versus 0.015±0.019; 1.18 p.p.m.: 0.032±0.011 versus 0.017±0.021; 1.20 p.p.m.: 0.030±0.066 versus 0.010±0.005; P< 0.05 compared with healthy control subjects for each resonance). 4.Fractionation of sera from patients with coronary heart disease revealed that the resonances equal to those obtained from experimentally oxidized low-density lipoprotein are indeed caused by the low-density lipoprotein fraction of the sera. 5.When the NMRs from sera were calibrated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein prepared by Cu2+ oxidation, a concentration of 66.5±28.6 ;μg/ml and 36.3±23.7 ;μg/ml (P< 0.05) was estimated in patients with coronary heart disease and healthy subjects respectively. Elevated levels of oxidized low-density lipoprotein also occurred in those patients with normal serum concentrations of total low-density lipoprotein. 6.The study shows a simple method to measure oxidized low-density lipoprotein in human serum and may gain interest to assess the cardiovascular risk factor profiles more completely.

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40

Nielsen, G. Damgård, K. S. Hougaard, S. T. Larsen, et al. "Acute airway effects of formaldehyde and ozone in BALB/c mice." Human & Experimental Toxicology 18, no. 6 (1999): 400–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/096032799678840246.

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1 Concentration and time-effect relationships of formaldehyde and ozone on the airways were investigated in BALB/c mice. The effects were obtained by continuous monitoring of the respiratory rate, tidal volume, expiratory flow rate, time of inspiration, time of expiration, and respiratory patterns. 2 With concentrations up to 4 p.p.m., formaldehyde showed mainly sensory irritation effects of the upper airways that decrease the respiratory rate from a trigeminal reflex. The no-effect level (NOEL) was about 0.3 p.p.m. This value is close to the human NOEL, which is about 0.08 p.p.m. 3 Ozone caused rapid, shallow breathing in BALB/c mice. Later on, the respiratory rate decreased due to another vagal response that indicated an incipient lung oedema. The NOEL in mice was about p.p.m. during 30 min of ozone exposure. No major effect occurs in resting humans at about 0.4 p.p.m. 4 Thus, the upper airway irritant, formaldehyde, and the deep lung irritant, ozone, showed the same types of respiratory effects in humans and in BALB/c mice. Also, the sensitivity was nearly identical. Continuous monitoring of respiratory effects in BALB/c mice, therefore, may be a valuable method for the study of effects of other environmental pollutants, which, however, should be confirmed in further studies.

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41

Finucane, M. D., E. A. Hudson та J. P. G. Malthouse. "A 13C-n.m.r. investigation of the ionizations within an inhibitor–α-chymotrypsin complex. Evidence that both α-chymotrypsin and trypsin stabilize a hemiketal oxyanion by similar mechanisms". Biochemical Journal 258, № 3 (1989): 853–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2580853.

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13C-n.m.r. was used to investigate the structure of the inhibitor enzyme complex formed when alpha-chymotrypsin is alkylated by L-1-chloro-4-phenyl-3-tosylamido-[2-13C]butan-2-one. Two signals are detected. The one at 204.82 +/- 0.11 p.p.m. does not titrate from pH 3 to 9 and is assigned to alkylated methionine-192. The second signal titrates from 99.08 p.p.m. to 103.44 p.p.m. with pKa 8.67. This signal is assigned to a tetrahedral adduct formed between the hydroxy group of serine-195 and the inhibitor. The titration shift of the tetrahedral adduct is ascribed to the ionization of the hemiketal hydroxy group. It is proposed that the resulting oxyanion is stabilized by interaction with the imidazolium ion of histidine-57. It is argued that this interaction must raise the pKa of at least 70% of histidine-57 to greater than 11. On denaturation/autolysis of the inhibitor-enzyme complex neither of the signals associated with the intact complex is detected, but a new signal is observed that titrates from 203.52 p.p.m. to 206.08 p.p.m. with pKa = 5.27. This titration shift is assigned to the ionization of the imidazolium ion of alkylated histidine, confirming that the inhibitor has alkylated histidine-57. The significance of these results for the catalytic mechanism of the serine proteinases is discussed.

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42

Chan, Andrew, and Carlson Chan. "Entry Strategies into the P.R.C. for Post Recession Wealth Management Service." International Journal of Asian Business and Information Management 1, no. 2 (2010): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jabim.2010040101.

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Trillions of dollars were evaporated worldwide as a result of the financial tsunami that shocked the world in 2007 (Soros, 2008). This paper argues that in a time of global recession, banks seeking to expand wealth management service in the People’s Republic of China (P.R.C.) need to evaluate their entry strategies thoroughly to gain a competitive edge. Through applying the theory of planned behavior, a sequential mixed methods study was conducted post recession with the aim to identify wealth management service entry strategies into the P.R.C. A sample of 227 Taiwanese nationals based in the P.R.C. indicated three managerial implications consisting of the bank entry identity, deployment of expatriates, and brand-image position.

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43

SHERBO, ARTHUR. "Thomas Martyn (1735–1825), “P.B.C.”: his contributions to the Gentleman's Magazine." Archives of Natural History 22, no. 1 (1995): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.1995.22.1.51.

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44

Castor, Helen. "The Life and Times of Sir Thomas Malory by P.J.C. Field." Arthuriana 4, no. 3 (1994): 274–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/art.1994.0033.

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45

Adderley, C. M. "The Life and Times of Sir Thomas Malory by P.J.C. Field." Arthuriana 4, no. 3 (1994): 276–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/art.1994.0034.

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46

Pigeaud, Romain. "Chippindale, Ch., Tacon, P.S.C. (Eds.), 2000. The Archaeology of Rock-Art." L'Anthropologie 105, no. 4 (2001): 643. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-5521(01)80065-0.

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47

AVALOS-BOCK, STEVEN. "GETTING A RISE OUT OF Tuberculosis WITH THE P.P.D. SKIN TEST." Nursing 24, no. 8 (1994): 51–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00152193-199408000-00025.

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48

Hägerdal, Hans. "Book review: China and Orientalism: Western Knowledge Production and the P.R.C." China Information 28, no. 1 (2014): 96–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0920203x13519925a.

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49

Dirlik, Arif, Jurgen Domes, and John Yin. "The Government and Politics of the P.R.C: A Time of Transition." Pacific Affairs 60, no. 4 (1987): 651. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2759189.

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50

Ferguson, Jonathan. "Daniel Vukovich: China and orientalism: Western knowledge production and the P.R.C." International Communication of Chinese Culture 1, no. 1-2 (2014): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40636-014-0007-5.

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