Relevant bibliographies by topics / PA6

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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Academic literature on the topic 'PA6'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 June 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "PA6"

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Fawwas Asrory, Fahriza, Seniola Sima Datuan, Anthonius Dhinar Hasto Wisnugroho, and Ramy Yahya. "ANALISIS RISIKO RANTAI PASOK MENGGUNAKAN METODE SUPPLY CHAIN OPERATION REFERENCE (SCOR) DAN HOUSE OF RISK (HOR) PADA RUMAH PRODUKSI BERAS SIUNG MAS PT BERAU COAL." Industri Inovatif : Jurnal Teknik Industri 14, no. 1 (April 11, 2024): 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.36040/industri.v14i1.8309.

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Rumah produksi Beras Siung Mas didirikan oleh Yayasan Dharma Bhakti Berau Coal dan menjadi unit bisnis yang dikelola oleh tim Community Enterprise Development (CED) sebagai upaya memberdayakan dan membangun kemandirian petani lokal di Kabupaten Berau. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi risiko rantai pasok pada jaringan rantai pasok rumah produksi Beras Siung Mas. Berdasarkan hasil identifikasi risiko menggunakan metode SCOR dan HOR diperoleh 20 kejadian risiko dan 27 sumber risiko dengan 4 sumber risiko prioritas yaitu: waktu proses pengeringan yang lama (A9), pengaruh cuaca (A4), penyimpanan gabah terlalu lama (A17) dan proses pengeringan yang kurang sempurna (A8). Ada 10 rekomendasi mitigasi risiko untuk menangani sumber risiko prioritas dan kemudian dilakukan perangkingan berdasarkan nilai Effectiveness to Difficulty (ETD) yaitu: dilakukan pengukuran kadar air untuk gabah (PA10), memperbanyak pembelian gabah kering siap giling dari petani (PA2), pembuatan Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) proses pengeringan gabah (PA9), melakukan pembalikan gabah secara berkala selama proses penjemuran (PA1), menerapkan sistem FIFO (First In First Out) (PA8), memberikan label tanggal masuk gabah ke gudang (PA7), memperbaiki tempat penjemuran gabah (PA3), menyediakan stok gabah siap giling (PA4), menerapkan manajemen pemilihan musim tanam yang tepat (PA5) dan penamahan tenaga kerja (PA6).
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Riskiana, Wulan, Moehamad Aman, and Affan Rifa'i. "Analisis Risiko Rantai Pasok Dengan House of Risk di PT. Petrogas Prima Service." Borobudur Engineering Review 1, no. 2 (September 28, 2021): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.31603/benr.3165.

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Perkembangan manajemen rantai pasok menfokuskan pada kajian tentang efektifitas dan efisiensi aliran barang, sistem informasi dan aliran keuangan sehingga mencakup semua rantai pasok dengan semua pihak yang bersangkutan. Salah satu permasalahan yang dihadapi dalam PT Petrogas Prima Services perusahaan repair tabung gas LPG volume 3 kg adalah keterlambatan kedatangan material. Pada pengiriman sealtape hanya 97,4% dari pemesanan, Pada pemesanan valve melebihi hari pengiriman dan pada saat distribusi terdapat kendala yang tidak bisa diprediksi. Oleh kerena itu, dibutuhkan manajemen rantai pasok untuk koordinasi dan mengelola aktifitas rantai pasok supaya proses produksi berjalan dengan baik dan tidak ada keterlambatan produksi maupun distribusi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis risiko pada aktivitas rantai pasok mengunakan metode House of Risk. Dari House of risk fase I menghasilkan 5 penyebab risiko dominan yaitu gangguan teknis (mesin tidak optimal), karyawan kurang teliti, perencanan kurang maksimal, babhan baku tidak sesuai dan system informasi yang tidak efektif. Melalui House of Risk Fase II dihasilkan 13 langkah aksi pencegahan yang direkomendasikan bagi perusahaan untuk mengurangi potensi kejadian risiko, yaitu melakukan pemeriksaan rutin (PA2), melakukan pencegahan (PA4), menyusun SOP perawatan (mesin/transportasi) (PA1), pembagian sift kerja yang sesuai (PA5), menejemen persediaan sperpart mesin (PA3), pengendalian bahan baku (PA11), pengadaan training (PA6), menyusun SOP pengadaan (inventory) dan supplier (PA8), meningkatkan pengelolaan terhadap menenjemen (PA9), menyusun alternative perencanaan (PA10), pelatihan (PA13), pemberian sangsi disiplin (PA7), dan dukungan software (PA12).
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Ferreira, P. B., P. R. N. Rorato, F. C. B. Mello, B. Bevilaqua, A. Macedo, and L. B. P. Brittes. "Egg production evaluation of laying hens by multivariate analysis." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 69, no. 3 (June 2017): 676–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-8540.

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ABSTRACT This study aimed to verify the existence of differences between hens from the Barred Plymouth Rock (PRB) breed and White Plymouth Rock (PRW) breed by multivariate analysis of weekly egg production and cumulative during the years of 1998 and 2010, from the Laboratório de Avicultura (LAVIC) of the Departamento de Zootecnia at the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM). For the analysis of the univariate and multivariate variance, the experimental design was completely randomized with two treatments (breed) and 299 repetitions of the PRW breed and 350 of the PRB breed. The parameters analyzed were the weekly productions of eggs per bird from the 21st to the 50th week of age (P21, P22, ..., P50) and production of eggs accumulated being from the 21st to the 25th (PA1), 21st to the 30th (PA2), 21st to the 35th (PA3), 21st to the 40th (PA4), 21st to the 45th (PA5) and 21st to 50th (PA6). Analyzes of univariate and multivariate variance were conducted and the comparison of means were made by "T" Student and Wilks respectively (P < 0, 05). Based on the results, an analysis of the principal components was performed with parameters PA1, PA2, PA4, PA5 and PA6. With the average egg production per family accumulated, a cluster analysis using Euclidean distance and single linkage method (nearest neighbors) was performed. The first two principal components meet the total variation in egg production accumulated from the 21st to 25th, 21st to 30th, 21st to 40th, 21st to 45th and 21st to 50th weeks of age. Most of the phenotypic variation of the layers can be explained by the production of eggs accumulated from the 21st until the 40th week of age, and this variable is highly correlated with total egg production. Families from the PRW and PRB breed form seven distinct groups, but homogeneous by the similarity between them. This allows direct crossings between different groups, in the pursuit for heterosis.
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McNelis, Jenna, Bree Gaffney, Haley Linder, Zachary Buessing, Jennifer E. Earing, Daniel W. Shike, Marion Bernardeau, and Joshua C. McCann. "212 The Effects of Propionibacterium Acidipropionici P169 in an in Vitro Ruminal Acidosis Model." Journal of Animal Science 100, Supplement_2 (April 12, 2022): 101–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac064.169.

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Abstract The objective was to evaluate the effect of Propionibacterium acidipropionici P169 (PA) concentration on fermentation characteristics in a ruminal acidosis in vitro model. Ruminal acidosis is a common metabolic disorder in feedlot cattle characterized by a low rumen pH. The experiment included 5 treatments in a completely randomized design. Treatments included a negative control (NCON), 5 × 105 colony forming units (CFU) PA (PA5), 5 × 106 CFU PA (PA6), 5 × 107 CFU PA (PA7), and a positive control with greater forage inclusion (PCON). Flasks for NCON, PA5, PA6, and PA7 contained 8.75 g of substrate (70% corn, 15% DDG, 15% silage) while substrate for PCON flasks contain additional silage (40% corn, 15% DDG, 45% silage). Treatments were run in duplicate and the experiment was replicated 3 times. All flasks included 175 mL of inoculum (4 McDougall’s buffer:1 rumen fluid). Flasks were incubated at 39◦C for 36 hours and sample aliquots were collected every 4 hours. The MIXED procedure of SAS 9.4 was used for statistical analysis with a repeated measures analysis. A treatment by hour interaction (P &lt; 0.01) was observed for pH; at hour 8, PCON was the least and PA5 was the greatest. From 20 to 36 h, PCON had the greatest pH. There was no treatment by hour interaction (P = 0.99) observed for redox potential. However, treatment affected (P &lt; 0.01) redox potential with PCON being greater than PA6, PA7, and NCON, with PA5 being intermediate. In vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) tended (P = 0.09) to be affected by treatment; PA5, PA6, and PA7 were greater than PCON. In conclusion, Propionibacterium acidipropionici P169 concentrations affected IVDMD, pH, and redox in a ruminal acidosis in vitro model.
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Zhang, Yajing, Mingda Wang, Di Zhang, Yibing Wang, Li Wang, Yongjun Qiu, Liquan Wang, Tao Chen, and Liming Zhao. "Crystallization and Performance of Polyamide Blends Comprising Polyamide 4, Polyamide 6, and Their Copolymers." Polymers 15, no. 16 (August 14, 2023): 3399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15163399.

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Polyamide 4 (PA4) is a biobased and biodegradable polyamide. The high hydrogen bond density of PA4 bestows it with a high melting point that is close to its thermal decomposition temperature, thereby limiting the melt processing of PA4. In this study, PA4 was blended with polyamide 6 (PA6) and further modified with copolyamide 4/6 (R46). The effects of composition on the crystallization behavior of the blends were studied. The results demonstrated that the binary PA4/PA6 (B46) and ternary PA4/PA6/R46 (B46/R46) blends formed two crystalline phases (PA4- and PA6-rich phases) through crystallization-induced phase separation. With increasing PA6 content, the thermal stability and crystallinity of the B46 blend increased and decreased, respectively, and the contribution of PA6 toward the crystallization of the PA4-rich phase diminished. Molecular dynamics simulations showed the molecular chain orientation of the B46 blends well. The melting points, crystallinities, and grain sizes of the B46/R46 blends were lower than those of the B46 blends. The crystallization of the PA4-rich phase was restrained by the dilution effect of molten-state PA6, and the nucleation and crystallization of the PA6-rich phase were promoted by the presence of crystallized PA4. The B46 blends with 30–40 wt% PA6 had the best mechanical properties.
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Krause, Beate, Lisa Kroschwald, and Petra Pötschke. "The Influence of the Blend Ratio in PA6/PA66/MWCNT Blend Composites on the Electrical and Thermal Properties." Polymers 11, no. 1 (January 11, 2019): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11010122.

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It is known that the percolation threshold of polyamide 6 (PA6)/multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composites is higher than that of PA66/MWCNT composites under the same mixing conditions and melt viscosity. A series of blends of PA6 and PA66 containing 1 wt % MWCNTs have been prepared to investigate this phenomenon. At contents up to 20 wt % PA66, the blends were not electrically conductive. The electrical resistivity dropped to 109 Ohm∙cm for PA66/PA6 30/70 blends. The resistivity was 105 Ohm∙cm at higher PA66 contents. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to investigate the thermal behavior of blends. The glass transition temperature was almost constant for all blend compositions, indicating that the amorphous phases are miscible. The MWCNT addition influenced the crystallization of PA66 much more than the PA6 crystallization. A heterogeneous crystallization of the polyamide in PA66/PA6 blends took place, and the MWCNTs were mainly localized in the earlier crystallizing PA66 phase. Thus, the formation of the nanotube network and thus the electrical volume resistivity of the PA6/PA66 blends with 1 wt % MWCNTs is significantly influenced by the crystallization behavior. In PA66/PA6 blends up to 60 wt %, the more expensive PA66 can be replaced by the cheaper PA6 while retaining its electrical properties.
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Kaushal, Bindiya, Salbi Paul, and F. Marion Hulett. "Direct Regulation of Bacillus subtilis phoPR Transcription by Transition State Regulator ScoC." Journal of Bacteriology 192, no. 12 (April 9, 2010): 3103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00089-10.

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ABSTRACT Induction of the Pho response in Bacillus subtilis occurs when the Pi concentrations in the growth medium fall below 0.1 mM, a condition which results in slowed cellular growth followed by entry into stationary phase. The phoPR promoter region contains three σA-responsive promoters; only promoter PA4 is PhoP autoregulated. Expression of the phoPR operon is postexponential, suggesting the possibility of a repressor role for a transition-state-regulatory protein(s). Expression of a phoPR promoter-lacZ fusion in a scoC loss-of-function mutant strain grown in low-phosphate defined medium was significantly higher than expression in the wild-type strain during exponential growth or stationary phase. Derepression in the scoC strain from a phoP promoter fusion containing a mutation in the CcpA binding site (cre1) was further elevated approximately 1.4-fold, indicating that the repressor effects of ScoC and CcpA on phoP expression were cumulative. DNase I footprinting showed protection of putative binding sites by ScoC, which included the −10 and/or −35 elements of five (PB1, PE2, PA3, PA4, and PA6) of the six promoters within the phoPR promoter region. PA6 was expressed in vivo from the phoP cre1 promoter fusion in both wild-type and scoC strains. Evidence for ScoC repression in vivo was shown by primer extension for PA4 and PA3 from the wild-type promoter and for PA4 and PE2 from the phoP cre1 promoter. The latter may reflect ScoC repression of sporulation that indirectly affects phoPR transcription. ScoC was shown to repress PA6, PA4, PE2, and PB1 in vitro.
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Vasanthan, N. "Determination of Molecular Orientation of Uniaxially Stretched Polyamide Fibers by Polarized Infrared Spectroscopy: Comparison of X-Ray Diffraction and Birefringence Methods." Applied Spectroscopy 59, no. 7 (July 2005): 897–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702054411715.

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Polarized infrared (IR) spectroscopy has been used to determine the crystalline and amorphous orientation of polyamide fibers. The transition moment angle of the band at 936 cm−1 of PA66 was determined to be 48° using IR spectroscopy and birefringence measurement. The crystalline orientation of PA66 fibers was estimated from the band at 936 cm−1 while the amorphous orientation of PA66 fibers was obtained by an indirect method. The α crystalline orientation of PA6 has been obtained using the band at 930 cm−1 and the amorphous orientation of PA6 has been determined using the band at 1124 cm−1. Crystalline orientation increased rapidly at low draw ratios (DR < 3) and increased slowly at higher draw ratios (DR > 3) for both PA66 and PA6 fibers, while the amorphous orientation increased slowly throughout the whole extension range for PA66 fibers. A good correlation was found between the crystalline orientation values obtained by infrared spectroscopy and other methods such as X-ray diffraction for PA66 and PA6 fibers. On the basis of this observation, it has been concluded that polarized infrared spectroscopy can be used reliably to measure the orientation of polyamide fibers without combining with other techniques.
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Xu, Bao Feng, Zhi Dan Lin, Jiang Ming Chen, and Jun Lin. "Preparation and Characterization of GNP/Nylon Composites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 339–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.339.

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Graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) and nylon (PA) have been often used as thermal filler and matrix and respectively to produce composites. In this work, PA6/PA66/GNP thermal composites were prepared via a melt blending method. Mechanical properties, morphology, and thermal properties of PA6/PA66/GNP composites were investigated. Because the GNP is very expensive, we investigated to use Al2O3 and graphite and examined the characteristics of the prepared composites. Thermal conductivity values of PA6/PA66/GNP composites remarkably increased with increase of GNP contents mainly via layered dispersion in nylon matrix. The thermal conductivity of composite containing 50 wt % of GNP was measured as 5.03 W·m–1·K–1 at 30 °C, indicating an increase of more than 15 times compared with that of the neat PA6. When the Al2O3 was replaced for GNP, the thermal conductivity of composites decreased, but the mechanical properties improved. When graphite was used to replace for GNP, thermal conductivity basically remained unchanged but mechanical properties decreased.
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Oliveira, Maria do Socorro Padilha de, Márcia Motta Maués, and Maura Anjos de Andrade Kalume. "Viabilidade de pólen in vivo e in vitro em genótipos de açaizeiro." Acta Botanica Brasilica 15, no. 1 (April 2001): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-33062001000100004.

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Determinou-se a viabilidade de pólen in vivo e in vitro em 20 genótipos de açaizeiro, da coleção de germoplasma da Embrapa Amazônia Oriental. Os grãos de pólen in vivo foram retirados de botão floral (BF) e de flor recém-aberta (FA) e os in vitro de ampolas armazenadas em freezer (-10ºC), com período de armazenamento (PA) de um (PA1), três (PA3), seis (PA6) e doze (PA12) meses. Utilizou-se a solução de Baker, sendo foi retirada uma amostra para cada estádio. Calculou-se a taxa de viabilidade pela contagem de, aproximadamente, 500 grãos de pólen. Pólen in vivo, na maioria dos genótipos exibiram alta viabilidade com médias de 84,8% para botões e 93,2% para flores recém-abertas, sendo as melhores taxas registradas nos genótipos 3 e 19. Para pólen in vitro, os genótipos apresentaram redução na viabilidade com o aumento do período de armazenamento (PA1: 79,6%, PA3: 77,4%, PA6: 74,1% e PA12: 61,3%) mas o armazenamento não foi prejudicial, pois grande parte dos genótipos alcançaram valores acima de 50%, destacando-se os genótipos 3 e 9 com as maiores percentagens. Portanto, pode-se considerar que, nos genótipos testados, pólen in vivo têm alta viabilidade e os in vitro devem ser usados em polinizações controladas sem prejuízos na fecundação, em até doze meses de conservação.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "PA6"

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Fiegenbaum, Fernanda. "Estudo da compatibilização das blendas PP/PA6 e PA6/EPR." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/14860.

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Neste trabalho foi feita uma avaliação da compatibilização das blendas de Polipropileno (PP)/Poliamida-6 (PA6) e das blendas Poliamida-6/Borracha Etileno- Propileno (EPR). No primeiro sistema, foi utilizando como agente compatibilizante o PP funcionalizado Polybond 3002 e no segundo sistema, foi utilizando o EPR funcionalizado como agente compatibilizante. As blendas binárias PP/PA6 foram preparadas nas proporções 70/30 e as misturas ternárias PP/PP-MA/PA6 nas proporções 65/5/30, ambas foram processadas em Extrusora Haake Rheomex PTW e Extrusora Haake Rheomex CTW100p. A blenda binária PA6/EPR foi preparada na proporção 70/30 e a blenda ternária PA6/EPR-MA/EPR na proporção 70/25 e processadas em Reômetro de torque Haake Polylab com módulo misturador interno fechado. O gente compatibilizante EPR-MA foi funcionalizado em Extrusora Haake Rheomex PTW utilizando concentração de anidrido maleico (MA) de 1% e de 0,1% do iniciador Luperox. As blendas obtidas foram caracterizadas por Calorimetria Diferencial de Varredura (DSC), Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV), análises Termodinâmico Mecânica (DMTA), análises reológicas além de análise mecânica. Alguns resultados passaram por uma análise estatística através do teste t para uma melhor confiabilidade nos resultados apresentados no trabalho. Os resultados mostraram que a adição do agente compatibilizante PP-MA e EPRMA provoca uma alteração na morfologia das blendas, apresentando uma melhor miscibilidade e redução do tamanho das partículas dispersas. Além disso, as análises térmicas, dinâmico-mecânicas e reológicas demonstraram um indício da interação entre as fases causado pela compatibilização. A análise mecânica das blendas PP/PA6 mostrou um melhor desempenho das blendas ternárias em comparação as blendas binárias.
In this work an evaluation of the compatibilization of the Polypropylene (PP)/Polyamide-6 (PA6) blends and Polyamide-6/Ethylene-Propylene Rubber (EPR) blends was carried out. A funcionalized PP and a funcionalized EPR were used as compatibilizer agent in the first and second systems, respectively. The binary blends PP/PA6 were prepared in the proportions 70/30 and the ternary mixtures PP/PP-MA/PA6 in the proportions 65/5/30, both in Haake Rheomex PTW Extruder and Haake Rheomex CTW100p Extruder. The binary blend PA6/EPR was prepared in the proportion 70/30 and the ternary blend PA6/EPR-MA/EPR in the proportion 70/5/25, using a Haake Polylab Rheometer with internal mixer module. The compatibilizer agent EPR-MA was prepared in a Haake Rheomex PTW Extruder functionalized with 1 wt % of maleic anhydride (MA) as grafting agent and 0.1% of Luperox as initiator. The obtained blends were characterized for Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA), roational rheometry and mechanical properties measurements. When necessary the significance of the differences among samples was statically analyzed using a t test. The results showed that the addition of the compatibilizer agents PP-MA and EPRMA provokes an alteration in the morphology of the blends, increasing miscibility and reducing the size of the dispersed phase particles. Besides, the dynamic-mechanical thermal and rheological analyses indicate interaction between the phases caused by the compatibilization. The mechanical analysis of the blends PP/PA6 showed a better performance of the ternary blends in comparison to the binary blends.
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Roeder, Jerusa. "Blendas PP/PA6 compatibilizadas." Florianópolis, SC, 2001. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/81726.

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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Engenharia de Materiais
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Fasahat, F., R. Dastjerdi, and M. R. M. Mojtahedi. "Thermophysiological Comfort by PA6/TiO2 Nanocomposite Yarns." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35603.

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Thermophysiological comfort is one of the most important factors for people to choose desirable gar-ments, which can be evaluated via measuring permeability of body heat and sweat. In this paper the water vapor permeability of nanocomposite nylon 6 fabrics produced from melt spun nanocomposite yarns with different TiO2 nanoparticle concentrations have been investigated. Results from measuring water vapor permeability at different environment temperatures for 4 h. indicated that sample with 0.4 wt% of TiO2 nanoparticle can provide fabric with maximum comfort properties. At low temperature 27.5% decline of permeability as compared to pure fabric causes this sample to protect body from cool weather through pre-venting loss of body heat. By increasing temperature from 12 to 35 oC water vapor permeability enhance-ment of nanocomposite improved about 99% as compared to pure one. Consequently nanocomposite with suitable nanoparticle content can provide more comfortable fabrics in different temperatures and applica-tions. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35603
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Yau, Alvin. "Mechanical characteristics of PA6-monmorillonite [i.e. montmorillonite] nanocomposites." access abstract and table of contents access full-text, 2004. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/dissert.pl?msc-ap-b21175226a.pdf.

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Thesis (M.Sc.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2004.
At head of title: City University of Hong Kong, Department of Physics and Materials Science, Master of Science in materials engineering & nanotechnology dissertation. Title from title screen (viewed on Sept. 4, 2006) Includes bibliographical references.
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Fasahat, F., R. Dastjerdi, and M. R. M. Dastjerdi. "Abrasion Resistance of Ag/SiO2/PA6 Nanocomposite Fabrics." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35638.

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In recent decades, polymeric nanocomposites have been widely used in chemical, automobile and aero industries due to their low weight and smoothness. Abrasion resistance is a vital property in variable ap-plications of polymeric composites. Here, to investigate the wear resistance of nylon 6 nanocomposite fab-rics, melt spun yarns were filled with different concentrations of Ag/SiO2 nanoparticles and the wear prop-erties of weft knitted nanocomposite and pure samples were evaluated. Results disclosed that the wear re-sistance of composite fabrics containing nano-particles increased considerably in comparison to pure one. Therefore, nanoparticles can play an important role in improving the nanocomposite wear resistance. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35638
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Umar, Muneer. "Processing, structure and properties of PA6/carbon composites." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/processing-structure-and-properties-of-pa6carbon-composites(8573d69a-e4f1-4ea9-99ef-edabc141da45).html.

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The aim of this research was to study the structure-property relationships of polyamide 6 (PA6) micro- and nanocomposites produced using two particulate carbon fillers; namely graphite, G, and graphite nanoplatelet, GNP. The GNP and G are similar in lateral dimensions, but differ greatly in their thickness (by at least an order of magnitude), the size-scale of which defines G as a micron-scale filler and GNP as a nano-scale filler, and consequently, the specific surface area available for matrix interaction and the aspect ratio of each filler also differed significantly. Size scale was considered in the choice of processes to incorporate the G and GNP into a PA6 matrix. Firstly, in situ polymerisation using anionic polymerisation of epsilon caprolactam (EC), which enabled polymer/carbon interactions on the molecular scale and, secondly, melt extrusion using commercial grade PA6 as the matrix. For the G-based studies, composites with at least five stepwise incorporations between 5-25 wt. % loading were produced; whereas GNP was incorporated at loadings an order of magnitude lower (0.5-2.5 wt. %) reflecting their difference in size-scale. For both G and GNP, composites were produced via in situ polymerisation and by melt processing using a Haake Minilab bench-scale twin screw extruder, (TSE) in two groups which compare the effects of processing conditions. In in situ polymerisation, processing conditions designed to deliver the same sonication power were used and were coded as 40/10 (a sonication amplitude of 40% was applied for 10 minutes to disperse carbon filler in the molten EC) and 20/20 (sonication amplitude of 20% for 20 minutes). Similarly, in melt extrusion processing conditions designed to deliver the same strain magnitude were used and were coded as 200/3 (screw frequency of 200 rpm was applied for 3 minutes) and 100/6 (100 rpm for 6 minutes). A ninth G-based system (GL) was produced using an industrial lab-scale TSE for occasional cross-comparison with the bench-scale processed systems. All systems were characterised using thermal analysis (DSC, TGA, DMTA), tensile testing, impedance spectroscopy and electron microscopy. Overall, the best property increases were observed for the 20/20 processing conditions for the in situ polymerised systems and the 100/6 processing conditions for the melt extruded. The 20/20 in situ processing condition produced a dispersed state where particle aspect ratio was retained and less particle fragmentation occurred, the latter also giving higher reaction rates (and hence a higher molecular weight matrix) compared to the 40/10 processing conditions. In the in situ polymerised 20/20 GNP systems the best overall mechanical properties were obtained using the lowest loading applied, 0.5 GNP wt. For example, in tensile tests although addition of 0.5 GNP wt. % did not give the best tensile modulus, it gave the best tensile strength, yield stress and elongation at break. Tensile data also indicated that the dispersed states of the carbon fillers achieved using the 100/6 processing conditions are superior to that obtained using the 200/3 processing conditions. For example, tensile strength (TS) values increased above unfilled PA6 in the NP 100/6 system, where all the average TS values of the composites are higher than that of the unfilled PA6. In addition, in the G-based systems, it was only with the 100/6 processing condition that some TS values higher than the unfilled PA6 were obtained. Overall, despite the advantages in size scale of the GNP over G, the GNP nanocomposites did not consistently exhibit better properties since the growth in property values either increased slowly or fluctuated with GNP loading. In terms of electrical conductivity, with the exception of the GL system, where electrical conductivity sufficient for electrostatic applications was attained at 15 G wt. %, all other melt processed composites of both the G and GNP remained as electrical insulators with up to 50 G wt. % loading and 25 GNP wt. % loading in both the 200/3 and 100/6 processing conditions. For the in situ polymerised composites, however, electrical conductivity percolation thresholds values of <10 wt. % were measured in both the G and GNP composites, although GNP did not show a clear advantage over G despite the difference in their order size-scale.
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Benfer, Andreas. "Herstellung eines Adsorbers für proteingebundene Toxine durch Modifikation von PA6-Mikrofiltrationsmembranen." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=972416668.

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Oliveira, Amanda Dantas de. "Dispersão seletiva de argila montmorilonita em blendas poliméricas de PA6/ABS." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/843.

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Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos
For some applications toughening of polyamide is important. This can be accomplished through the addition of an elastomeric phase to the polyamide matrix with the drawback of a reduction in the stiffness and strength of the material. Several studies lately have focused on the modification of polyamide matrix with the purpose of obtaining a balance between toughness and stiffness for these thermoplastics. In this work, to achieve a balance between stiffness and toughness, ternary nanocomposites based on blends of polyamide 6 (PA6) and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) were prepared by the melt blending processes using the organoclay Cloisite® 30B (OMMT) and the styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer (SMA) as compatibilizer. Four blending sequences were used to prepare the selected systems and their mechanical properties studied through the Young s modulus and notched Izod impact properties. The addition of organoclay increases the Young s modulus of all ternary nanocomposites when compared to the blend and the PA6 matrix. This fact was attributed to preferential location of the clay in the PA6 matrix phase. The micrographs obtained by transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) indicate that the nanoclay shows an exfoliated structure and reside in the PA6 matrix phase, as well as in the interface between the phases. PA6/ABS/OMMT ternary nanocomposites with different content of nanoclay (1, 3 and 5%) were studied and it was observed that the particles size of ABS dispersed phase decrease with the increase of the OMMT content in the blend. This fact indicates that nanoclay can play an important role to prevent the coalescence in the ABS domains during the melt state processes. PA6/ABS ternary blends compatibilized with SMA were prepared by melt state process and it was observed that the mechanical properties and the morphology were influenced by the blending sequence of the components.
A tenacificação da poliamida 6 é desejável para diversas aplicações e pode ser obtida através da adição de uma fase elastomérica à matriz, entretanto, isto leva a uma perda em suas características de rigidez e resistência a tração. Com o intuito de se obter um balanço entre as propriedades de rigidez e tenacidade, nanocompósitos baseados em blendas de poliamida 6 (PA6) e terpolímero acrilonitrila-butadieno-estireno (ABS) foram preparados pelo método de mistura no estado fundido utilizando a argila organofílica Cloisite® 30B (OMMT) como reforço e o copolímero estirenoanidrido maleico (SMA) como compatibilizante. Os sistemas foram preparados em uma extrusora de rosca dupla co-rotacional, utilizando quatro sequências de misturas e suas propriedades mecânicas foram analisadas através da determinação do módulo de elasticidade sob tração e resistência ao impacto Izod. A adição da argila organofílica aumentou o módulo de todos os nanocompósitos ternários em relação à blenda e à matriz PA6. Mas por outro lado, foi observada uma redução da resistência ao impacto desses nanocompósitos. Este aumento na rigidez foi atribuído à localização da argila no interior da fase matriz PA6. As micrografias obtidas por microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (MET) indicaram que a argila apresenta uma estrutura esfoliada em todos os sistemas e reside na fase matriz PA6, bem como na interface entre as duas fases. Sistemas ternários de PA6/ABS/OMMT com diferentes teores de argila (1, 3 e 5%) também foram estudados e foi observado que o tamanho das partículas da fase dispersa ABS diminui com o aumento da quantidade de OMMT na blenda. Isto indica que a argila pode desempenhar um importante efeito em prevenir a coalescência dos domínios de ABS durante a mistura do fundido, estabilizando a estrutura formada. Blendas ternárias de PA6/ABS compatibilizadas com o SMA foram preparadas e foi observado que as propriedades mecânicas e a morfologia são bastante influenciadas pela ordem de mistura dos componentes da blenda.
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Castro, Lucas Daniel Chiba de. "Desenvolvimento de nanocompósitos de blendas PA6/ABS compatibilizadas com copolímeros funcionalizados." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/7171.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Nanocomposites based on polyamide 6 (PA6) and acrylonitrile-butadienestyrene (ABS) blends compatibilized with styrene-maleic anhydride-acrylonitrile (SANMA) and methyl methacrylate-maleic anhydride (MA-MMA) were prepared by melt blending in a twin screw extruder through different mixing protocols. The nanoclay incorporation effect, different compatibilizing systems and components mixing sequence were evaluated in morphological, mechanical, thermal, thermomechanical and rheological properties. Evidences of chemical interactions between PA6 and reactive copolymers were observed by torque rheometry. XRD analysis indicates an exfoliated structure for all the nanocomposites due to the good interaction between PA6/OMMT. The significant increase in nanocomposites viscosity when compared with their respective ternary blends corroborates the results obtained by XRD. TEM micrographs show a strong influence of both reactive copolymers on polymer blends morphology, where the presence of SANMA and MMA-MA is responsible for reducing the dispersed phase particle size when compared to the uncompatibilized blend. TEM images confirm the existence of an exfoliation structure in all nanocomposites. The addition of both reactive copolymers significantly increased the ternary blends toughness when compared with PA6/ABS. Furthermore, the nanoclay incorporation enhanced the elasticity modulus and HDT of the nanocomposites but also reduced the toughness and the elongation at break when compared with their respective compatibilized blends.
Nanocompósitos baseados em blendas de poliamida 6 (PA6) e acrilonitrila-butadieno-estireno (ABS) compatibilizadas com os estirenoacrilonitrila- anidrido maleico (SANMA) e metacrilato de metila-anidrido maleico (MMA-MA), foram preparadas por mistura no estado fundido em uma extrusora de rosca dupla corotacional através de diferentes sequências de mistura. Foram analisadas a influência da incorporação das nanopartículas lamelares de argila, dos diferentes agentes de compatibilização e da sequência de mistura dos componentes na morfologia, propriedades mecânicas, térmicas, termomecânicas e reológicas dos materiais. Evidencias de reações químicas entre a PA6 e os copolímeros reativos foram observadas por reometria de torque. Ensaios de DRX fornecem indícios da formação de estrutura esfoliada para todos os nanocompósitos decorrente da boa interação entre PA6/OMMT. O significativo aumento da viscosidade dos nancompósitos quando comparados com suas respectivas blendas ternárias corroboram os resultados obtidos por DRX. As micrografias de MET evidenciam a forte influencia da incorporação de ambos os copolímeros reativos na morfologia das blendas poliméricas onde a presença, tanto do SANMA quanto do MMA-MA, é responsável pela redução do tamanho de partícula da fase dispersa quando comparadas com a blenda não compatibilizada. Adicionalmente as imagens obtidas por MET reafirmam o alto grau de esfoliação da argila em todos os nanocompósitos estudados. Além de refinar a morfologia, a adição de ambos os copolímeros reativos aumentou significativamente a tenacidade das blendas ternárias em relação à blenda PA6/ABS. Por fim, a incorporação de nanoargila foi responsável pelo incremento no módulo de elasticidade e HDT dos nanocompósitos, resultado esse acompanhado pela redução da tenacidade e da deformação na ruptura quando comparados com suas respectivas blendas compatibilizadas.
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Bondan, Fabrício. "Preparação e caracterização de elastômeros reticulados dinamicamente de PA6-12/EVA." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2014. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/873.

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Materiais poliméricos que possuam boas propriedades mecânicas aliadas à flexibilidade são requisitos para atender novas necessidades da indústria. Tais necessidades podem ser atingidas com a produção de elastômeros termoplásticos vulcanizados/reticulados dinamicamente (TPVs). Os TPVs são produzidos normalmente a partir de misturas imiscíveis entre polímeros. Neste trabalho, foi avaliada a produção de TPVs a partir da poliamida 6-12 (PA6-12) e o copolímero randômico de etileno e acetato de vinila (EVA) utilizando peróxido de dicumila (DCP) como agente reticulante (1, 4 e 8 phr na fase elastomérica) preparadas em misturador fechado. As misturas foram processadas utilizando a proporção mássica de PA6-12/EVA de 50/50 em reômetro de torque (120 rpm, 15 min e 200ºC). A adição de maiores quantidades de DCP nas amostras de PA6-12/EVA resultou no aumento de torque estabilizado, e taxa de aumento de torque em virtude da formação de ligações cruzadas, com teor de gel 2,6 a 17%. A mistura de PA 6-12/EVA 50/50 possui ~99% de fases interconectadas. Em menores proporções de EVA há formação de morfologia de fases dispersas com tamanhos de 0,64 a 1,57μm. Para o sistema reticulado dinamicamente, a morfologia mostrou ser dependente da adição de DCP, devido à redução da mobilidade da fase EVA. Este sistema possui uma morfologia com contornos bem definidos e uma espessura interfacial entre 7,3-7,7 nm. A ação das forças mecânicas durante o processamento resultou na fragmentação parcial da fase EVA. A imiscibilidade do sistema foi constatada através de análises de DMTA pela presença de duas transições vítreas, correspondentes aos polímeros puros e também por meio da variação de tensão interfacial do sistema, com valor de 4,62 mN/m. Quanto à cristalinidade, não há praticamente alteração neste índice, entretanto foi notado um aumento no período longo lamelar (Lp) que esta relacionado com o incremento de fração amorfa do sistema. Isso ocorrem em virtude das cadeias de EVA estarem localizadas junto com porção amorfa da PA 6-12 devido à presença de interações secundárias entre os grupos acetato e amida. A reticulação dinâmica do sistema PA6-12/EVA aumentou a dureza do sistema, no entanto não foi capaz de promover aumentos em propriedades mecânicas, assim como melhorias na recuperação elástica em virtude da formação de uma morfologia de fases com fragmentação parcial do EVA.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul
Polymeric materials having good mechanical properties combined with flexibility are requirements to meet changing needs of the industry. These requirements can be met with the production of dynamically vulcanized/crosslinked elastomers (TPVs). TPVs are generally produced from blends between immiscible polymers. In this study, was evaluated the production of TPVs from polyamide 6-12 (PA-612) and random copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate (EVA) using dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as crosslinking agent (1, 4 and 8 phr in relation to the elastomeric phase) prepared in a batch mixer. The polymer blends were processed using the PA6-12/EVA 50/50 wt. %/wt.% in a torque rheometer (120 rpm, 15 min and 200 °C). The addition of higher DCP contents in the blends results in increase of the stabilized torque values, torque rate due to the crosslink formation, which results in a gel contents from 2,6 to 17 wt.%. The blend PA 6-12/EVA 50/50 has ~99% of interconnected phase, for the blends with in smaller EVA contents are formed disperse phase morphology with sizes from 0.64 to 1.57 μm. For the polymers systems dynamically crosslinked, the morphology was dependent on DCP addition, due to reduced mobility of the EVA phase. This system has morphology with well-defined contours and an interfacial thickness of 7.3-7.6 nm. The mechanical forces action during melt processing resulted in partial fragmentation of the EVA phase. The PA6-12/EVA blends are immiscible, since the DMTA experiments two glass transitions were observed, characteristics of each pure polymer, and also by the interfacial tension value of the system (4.62 mN/m). The crystallinity index remains constant for blends, however, an increase was observed in the lamellar long period (Lp), this effect associated with the increase of the amorphous fraction of the system. This occurs because the EVA chains being located adjacent to the amorphous portion of PA 6-12 due to the presence of secondary interactions between amide and acetate groups. The dynamic crosslinking of the PA612/EVA system, results in increases of the stiffness, on the other hand not able to promote increases in mechanical properties as well as improvement in elastic recovery due to the formation of phase morphology with partial fragmentation of the EVA.
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Books on the topic "PA6"

1

Fabre, Michel. Pau pas à pas. Roanne/Le Coteau: Editions Horvath, 1985.

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illustrator, Epstein Len, and SRA/McGraw-Hill, eds. Pat and Pam. Worthington, OH: SRA/McGraw-Hill, 2000.

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Bunchūchūai, Dēchō. Yā pai-Pak Tai. 2nd ed. Krung Thēp: Samnakphim Mǣkhamphāng, 2008.

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sun, Yuan. Pao ying da pan. Bei jing: Ren min you dian chu ban she, 2008.

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Papademetriou, Lisa. My pen pal, Pat. Brookfield, Conn: Millbrook Press, 1998.

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Akhtar, S. Barf par nange pao. New Delhi: Maktaba Isteara, 2001.

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1950-, Fialkowski Camila, ed. Pas op voor een pad! Tilburg: Zwijsen, 2000.

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Stylianou, Petros. Le grand Pan n'est pas mort. Besançon: Praxandre, 1997.

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1977-, Pak Chin-gyu, ed. Kyoyang ŏmnŭn pam: Pak Chin-gyu sosŏl. Kyŏnggi-do P'aju-si: Munhak Tongne, 2012.

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Steffensen, Erik. Pas paa toget!: 25 års DSB-plakatkunst. København: Arkitektens forlag, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "PA6"

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Bashford, David. "Polyamide 6 (PA6)." In Thermoplastics, 269–90. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1531-2_48.

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Bashford, David. "Polyamide PA6-6-T." In Thermoplastics, 328–29. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1531-2_58.

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Bashford, David. "Amorphous Polyamide (PA6-3-T)." In Thermoplastics, 329. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1531-2_59.

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Li, Yiren, Xiaomin Zhao, Lian Tang, Peng Ji, Chaosheng Wang, and Huaping Wang. "Preparation and Properties of Cool-Feeling PA6 Fiber." In Advanced Functional Materials, 831–40. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0110-0_90.

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TMS, Pankaj Agrawal, Gustavo F. Brito, Bartira B. Cunha, Shirley N. Cavalcanti, Edcleide M. Araújo, and Tomás J. A. Mélo. "Mechanical Properties of Nanocomposites Based on PA6 Blends." In Supplemental Proceedings, 613–19. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118357002.ch77.

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Agrawal, Pankaj, Akidauana D. B. Oliveira, Gustavo F. Brito, Carlos T. C. Cunha, Edcleide M. Araújo, and Tomás J. A. Mélo. "Nanocomposites Based on Polymer Blends: Effect of the Organoclay on the Thermo-Mechanical Properties and Morphology of PA6/HDPE and PA6/Compatibilizer/HDPE Blends." In Supplemental Proceedings, 685–92. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118062173.ch87.

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Patil, Anurag R., S. Aparna, and D. Purnima. "Surface Modified Carbon Fibre Reinforced PA6 and its Blend-Based Composites." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 759–67. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6577-5_74.

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Nakhaei, Mohammad Reza, Ghasem Naderi, and Mir Hamid Reza Ghoreishy. "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Nanocomposite Based on PA6/NBR/Graphene." In Eco-friendly and Smart Polymer Systems, 320–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45085-4_76.

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Guloglu, M. Oktar, and Anna Larsen. "Dopaminergic Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells on PA6-Derived Adipocytes." In Embryonic Stem Cell Protocols, 235–44. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/7651_2015_235.

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Illing, T., M. Schoßig, C. Bierögel, B. Langer, and W. Grellmann. "Hygrothermal Ageing of Injection-Moulded PA6/GF Materials Considering Automotive Requirements." In Deformation and Fracture Behaviour of Polymer Materials, 405–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41879-7_28.

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Conference papers on the topic "PA6"

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Sanchaniya, Jaymin-Vrajlal, Sai-Pavan Kanukuntla, and Kagan-Berkay Senyurt. "Fabrication and mechanical properties of polymer composite nanofiber mats." In 22nd International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2023.22.tf014.

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In recent years, as microelectronics technology advances, the number of miniature devices has increased as well as the demand for power supply. Polymer-based electrospun nanofiber membranes have been used as lithium-ion (LI) battery separators and filtration medium. This study investigates the mechanical properties of orientated polyamide 6 (PA6) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber mats prepared by electrospinning a solution containing PAN and PA6, separately. The PA6 granules and the PAN powder were dissolved in formic acid solvent and N, N-dimethylformamide solvent, respectively. To generate the composite mat, the PA6 nanofiber mat was first electrospun, followed by the PAN nanofiber mat directly electrospun on the PA6 nanofiber mat. In our experiment, we employed the following electrospinning parameters: a voltage of 25 kV, a flow rate of 0.65 ml/h, 25 cm between the tip of the syringe and the drum collector centre, and a constant rotating speed of 1800 rpm. The mechanical properties of nanofiber composite mats, such as the tensile strength and Young’s modulus, were examined. The results demonstrate a reduction in the tensile strength and an increase in the elastic modulus of the composite nanofiber mats by 12% and 126% compared to PA6 nanofiber mats, respectively. The structure of spun nanofibers enables their use as separators for lithium-ion batteries and as a filtering medium. This article suggests the improved mechanical characteristics of nanofiber membranes for use as a barrier in lithium-ion batteries and for filtration.
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Avanesyan, Vachagan, and Zhanna Salnikova. "Electric modulus spectroscopy of PA6/PA66 aliphatic polyamide." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE XV INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE «PHYSICS OF DIELECTRICS». AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0035258.

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Benz, J., M. Poindl, and C. Bonten. "PA6-block copolymers and their potential as impact modifier in PA6." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE REGIONAL CONFERENCE GRAZ 2015 – POLYMER PROCESSING SOCIETY PPS: Conference Papers. Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4965547.

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ODAIRA,, YUSUKE, HIROSHI SAITO, and ISAO KIMPARA. "EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF PAN-BASED CARBON MONOFILAMENT BY POISSON’S DEFORMATION IN CRUCIFORM SPECIMEN." In Thirty-sixth Technical Conference. Destech Publications, Inc., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/asc36/35770.

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Carbon fiber has relatively high anisotropy in tensile and compressive strength. Since, the diameter of carbon fiber is 5~10[μm], it is difficult to directly evaluate the compressive strength of monofilament. In this study, the compressive strength of carbon single fiber was evaluated using Poisson's deformation of Cruciform specimen. Using the Cruciform test method, the compressive strengths of monofilaments of PAN-based carbon fibers, T300B and T700SC, were experimentally and analytically evaluated. As a result, the compressive strengths of carbon single fibers was 5.12 [GPa] for T300/PA6 and 5.54 [GPa] for T700/PA6 in this study.
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Yan, Xiaofei, Putinun Uawongsuwan, Masuo Murakami, Akihiko Imajo, Yuqiu Yang, and Hiroyuki Hamada. "Tensile Properties of Glass Fiber/Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Hybrid Composites Fabricated by Direct Fiber Feeding Injection Molding Process." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-66270.

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This paper mainly discusses the effect of coupling on the tensile properties of glass fiber (GF)/carbon fiber (CF) reinforced polypropylene (PP) hybrid composites which were made through a new injection molding process named direct fiber feeding injection (DFFIM) process. It is mainly divided into two parts which discusses the functional of coupling agent in the composites system, and the different contents of coupling agent (PA6 and MAPP) on the tensile properties of composites. DFFIM progress is a new method that by directly feeding of continuous carbon fiber into the barrel of injection molding machine to make the hybrid composites. The continuous CF roving strands are guided into the vent of devolatilizing unit of injection barrel and fed into the melt by the shearing motion of the screw during plasticization process. By using DFFIM process to make composites, the fiber attrition during extrusion compounding will be eliminated. It is a great improvement in reduction of material cost. And also the cost of reinforcing compounded pellet in the traditional composites market value chain could be lower. Polyamide 6 (PA6), Maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (MAPP) or both of them were mixed with pellets during the DFFIM process and PA6 and MAPP were used as coupling agent for CF/GF reinforced PP system. The CF and GF contents in each hybrid composites were tested to analysis the influence of fiber contains on the tensile properties of composites. Usually, better interfacial bonding between fiber and matrix in composites, better tensile properties of composites. So the effect of coupling agent (PA6 and MAPP) on the interfacial bonding between CF and PP in hybrid composites were firstly analyzed. And then the influence different contents of PA6 and MAPP on the tensile properties of GF/PP composites and GF/CF reinforced PP hybrid composites were investigated. It is found that the addition of PA6 did not improve the interfacial bonding but the addition of MAPP has shown a little improvement to the bonding between CF and PP. And when using PA6 and MAPP together as co-coupling agent, the tensile properties of composites has greatly increased. And, there is fiber aggregation in the core layer of the hybrid composites which made by DFFIM process, while there is no such phenomenon happened in the condition of normal injection molding process. It is the main reason that the tensile strength of hybrid composites without coupling agent is weaker than the GF/PP composites. And the tensile modulus of composites would be increased considerably. That is due to the addition of the carbon fiber which has high tensile modulus. In the condition of composites with 1wt.% PA6, the 1wt.% PA6 shows positives effect on tensile properties and while PA6 has negative role when the amount of PA6 has improved. Within a certain range, the larger amount of MAPP in the system of MAPP-PA6 composites, the better on the tensile properties of composites is. And MAPP has positive effect on the tensile properties of composites.
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Heyn, J., and C. Bonten. "Structure property relationships of PA6-EOR-blends." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE EUROPE/AFRICA CONFERENCE DRESDEN 2017 – POLYMER PROCESSING SOCIETY PPS. Author(s), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5084812.

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Sivanesh, A. R., R. Soundararajan, M. Natrayan, J. D. Nallasivam, and R. Santhosh. "Experimental Study on the Mechanical Behavior of Polyamide 6 with Glass Fiber Composites Fabricated through Fused Deposition Modeling Process." In Automotive Technical Papers. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2024-01-5043.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">In this paper, experimental studies were conducted to examine the mechanical behavior of a polymer composite material called polyamide with glass fiber (PA6-GF), which was fabricated using the three-dimensional (3D) fusion deposition modeling (FDM) technique. FDM is one of the most well-liked low-cost 3D printing techniques for facilitating the adhesion and hot melting of thermoplastic materials. PA6 exhibits an exceptionally significant overall performance in the families of engineering thermoplastic polymer materials. By using twin-screw extrusion, a PA6-GF mixed particles made of PA6 and 20% glass fiber was produced as filament. Based on literature review, the samples have been fabricated for tensile, hardness, and flexural with different layer thickness of 0.08 mm, 0.16 mm, and 0.24 mm, respectively. The composite PA6-GF behavior is characterized through an experimental test employing a variety of test samples made in the x and z axes. The mechanical and physical characteristics of PA6-GF polymer were examined using tensile, flexural, and impact tests. The best outcomes were obtained for specimens printed with 0.08 mm lower value of layer height, which had a greater impact on all mechanical performance. The replacement of traditional materials was suggested with this high-strength printed samples in industrial application products.</div></div>
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Raja, R., Sabitha Jannet, Jerry Verghese, Pullanikkat Abhishek, Febin Cherian John, and Hywin Hyjan. "Enhancing Mechanical Behavior of As-Built Polyamide 6+Glass Fiber Produced with Fused Filament Fabrication via Varying Infill Pattern." In Automotive Technical Papers. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2024-01-5035.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Additive manufacturing is currently being investigated for the production of components aiming for near net shape. The presence of chopped glass fibers with PA6 increases the melt viscosity and also changes the coefficients of thermal expansion and increase the heat resistance. The great dimensional stability obtained with the fusion of the PA6 with the fiber results in an extremely durable material even in adverse environments for many other materials used in 3D printing. PA6 is a material oriented for users who need to make structural parts and exposed to high mechanical stresses. The impact, test tensile, and flexural results for as-built PA6 with various infill patterns, including grid, triangle, trihexagon, and cubic, are tested.</div></div>
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Ambika Harikumar, Akshay Krishna, Michael Tobias Heitzmann, Asanka Basnayake, Hadis Khakbaz, and Darren Martin. "Tribological Performance of Nylon-6/Oyster Shell Composites." In ASME 2023 42nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2023-104611.

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Abstract Polyamide-6 (PA6), an engineering thermoplastic polymer widely used in tribological and structural application due to its low-cost, manufacturing ease and better performance. PA6 exhibits high strength, high modulus, abrasion resistance and can be manufactured via injection moulding technique. Wear and mechanical performance of PA6 reinforced with oyster shell powder at different filler contents were investigated in this paper. Raw oyster shell was sourced from the local supplier and series of steps have been performed to manufacture the composite material as shown in Figure 1. Tensile and wear tests were carried out on the injection moulded composite specimens. Addition of oyster shell has positivity influenced the tensile strength and modulus of PA6 polymer material and increased with increasing filler content. Strain at break has significantly dropped by the addition of oyster shell filler and decreased with increasing filler content. Composite materials have shown a higher wear rate compared to the pure polymer.
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Barangi, Leila, Faramarz Afshar Taromi, Hossein Nazockdast, Saeed Shafiei Sararoudi, Albert Co, Gary L. Leal, Ralph H. Colby, and A. Jeffrey Giacomin. "Interfacial Elasticity of Reactively Compatibilized PP∕PA6 Blends." In THE XV INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON RHEOLOGY: The Society of Rheology 80th Annual Meeting. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2964472.

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Reports on the topic "PA6"

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Pisani, William, Dane Wedgeworth, Michael Roth, John Newman, and Manoj Shukla. Exploration of two polymer nanocomposite structure-property relationships facilitated by molecular dynamics simulation and multiscale modeling. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/46713.

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Polyamide 6 (PA6) is a semi-crystalline thermoplastic used in many engineering applications due to good strength, stiffness, mechanical damping, wear/abrasion resistance, and excellent performance-to-cost ratio. In this report, two structure-property relationships were explored. First, carbon nanotubes (CNT) and graphene (G) were used as reinforcement molecules in simulated and experimentally prepared PA6 matrices to improve the overall mechanical properties. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with INTERFACE and reactive INTERFACE force fields (IFF and IFF-R) were used to predict bulk and Young's moduli of amorphous PA6-CNT/G nanocomposites as a function of CNT/G loading. The predicted values of Young's modulus agree moderately well with the experimental values. Second, the effect of crystallinity and crystal form (α/γ) on mechanical properties of semi-crystalline PA6 was investigated via a multiscale simulation approach. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center's micromechanics software was used to facilitate the multiscale modeling. The inputs to the multiscale model were the elastic moduli of amorphous PA6 as predicted via MD and calculated stiffness matrices from the literature of the PA6 α and γ crystal forms. The predicted Young's and shear moduli compared well with experiment.
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Flandin, Simon, Germain Poizat, and Romuald Perinet. Contribuer à la sécurité industrielle «par le facteur humain»: un regard pour aider à (re)penser la formation. Fondation pour une culture de sécurité industrielle, October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.57071/207bbe.

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Ce «Regard» s’adresse au lecteur intéressé pour réfléchir à l’idée et aux moyens d’un développement de la sécurité industrielle par le biais de la formation, en particulier quand elle a pour objet la gestion de situations difficiles. Dans l’approche proposée par les auteurs, la formation n’est pas réductible à l’apport et à l’acquisition de savoirs devant être maîtrisés par les formés, mais consiste en la conception et l’accompagnement de dispositifs encourageant des actions négociées et jugées souhaitables par le formateur et les formés.
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Welty, Amy, Mitchell Greenhalgh, Troy Garn, and Rocklan McDowell. HZ-PAN and AgZ-PAN Desorption Characterization. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1962370.

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Saulais, Laure, and Maurice Doyon. Impact du design de questions sur la perception des compensations proposées et les intentions de participation au pad: étude de préfaisabilité. CIRANO, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/ziga3839.

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Le Plan d’agriculture durable (PAD) du gouvernement du Québec offre aux entreprises agricoles un ensemble de possibilités pour accélérer l’adoption des meilleures pratiques agroenvironnementales d’ici 2030. Il est prévu que des rétributions soient offertes pour compenser les coûts encourus suite à la mise en œuvre de certaines pratiques. Cette étude s’appuie sur les principes de l’économie comportementale et les techniques de l’économie expérimentale pour mettre en évidence des leviers comportementaux de l’acceptation et de l’adhésion des entreprises agricoles à certaines pratiques proposées par le PAD. À partir de l’analyse de données fournies par le Centre d’études sur les coûts de production en agriculture (CECPA) recueillies auprès de 489 répondants, les auteurs concluent que : 1. La façon de présenter l’information aux agricultrices et agriculteurs a un impact sur leur perception du montant de rétribution qui leur est présenté. 2. Présenter l’information comme un incitatif ou un bénéfice est préférable à présenter l’information comme une compensation de coûts. 3. Ajouter un préambule à l’offre de rétribution qui reconnaît les efforts déjà faits par les entreprises agricoles québécoises et la hauteur des défis vers l'amélioration du bilan environnemental de leur entreprise crée une émotion négative, réduisant ainsi la probabilité que les personnes interrogées acceptent un niveau donné de rétribution.
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Droz, P., and T. Przygienda. Proxy-PAR. RFC Editor, May 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc2843.

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Allen, Robert J., and Ali Sadeghi. PAP Flap. Touch Surgery Simulations, March 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18556/touchsurgery/2015.s0044.

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Welty, Amy K., Troy G. Garn, and Mitchell Greenhalgh. Cycle Testing of AgZ-PAN and HZ-PAN. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1467488.

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Corlin Christensen, Rasmus, Martin Hearson, and Tovony Randriamanalina. Une tablée plus grande, mais toujours le même menu ? Evaluer l’inclusion des pays en développement dans les négociations fiscales mondiales. Institute of Development Studies, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2020.006.

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Depuis 2013, la structure officielle de l’organe de décision sur les politiques fiscales mondiales au niveau de l’OCDE a changé. Les décisions ne sont plus prises par les 37 membres de l’OCDE, mais par 137 pays représentant toutes les régions du monde et tous les niveaux de développement à travers le ‘cadre inclusif’. Les documents officiels insistent sur le fait que tous les pays participent sur un pied d’égalité, mais certains participants et observateurs ont souligné que les pays en développement se heurtent à des obstacles d’ordre pratique qui engendrent, dans les faits, une participation inégale. Dans cette publication, nous évaluons ces déclarations principalement à partir de 48 interviews menées avec des négociateurs, des décideurs politiques et autres acteurs impliqués dans les discussions mondiales sur la fiscalité. Nous observons que l’explosion du nombre des adhésions formelles des pays en développement n’a pas suscité un changement radical sur l’influence des ces derniers. Ce que les chiffres bruts laissaient présager. Nous observons que l’explosion du nombre d’adhésions formelles n’a pas suscité le changement radical dans l’influence des pays en développement que les chiffres bruts laissaient présager. Cela s’explique par une combinaison d’obstacles structurels non spécifiques au cadre inclusif et d’aspects problématiques dans le mode de fonctionnement de l’OCDE. À ce jour, les pays à faible revenu ont tout de même obtenu quelques modestes résultats et on observe les signes d’un acheminement progressif vers une présence plus efficiente. Nous développons une typologie de mécanismes ayant engendré des résultats positifs : l’association avec les efforts des États plus puissants, l’anticipation des besoins des pays à faible revenu par le secrétariat de l’OCDE et par d’autres entités, la collaboration pour former des coalitions plus puissantes, et l’émergence de négociateurs experts ayant une autorité individuelle.
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Welty, Amy K., Mitchell Greenhalgh, and Troy G. Garn. Preliminary Desorption studies for HZ-PAN and AgZ-PAN. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1468544.

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Charness, Gary, and Peter Kuhn. Pay Inequality, Pay Secrecy, and Effort: Theory and Evidence. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w11786.

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