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1

Söderbäck, Björn. "Interspecific dominance relationship and aggressive interactions in the freshwater crayfishes Astacus astacus (L.) and Pacifastacus leniusculus (Dana)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 69, no. 5 (May 1, 1991): 1321–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z91-186.

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Interspecific and intraspecific aggressive interactions in the coexisting crayfish species Astacus astacus and Pacifastacus leniusculus were experimentally studied in the laboratory. Pacifastacus leniusculus strongly dominated aggressive interactions with similar-sized A. astacus in heterospecific pairs of juveniles and adults. Pairs of young-of-the-year were considerably less aggressive than the larger body-size groups, and in this size group neither species was aggressively dominant. The two species showed substantial differences in patterns of aggressive behaviour. A higher frequency of unilateral aggressive acts and much lower frequency and shorter duration of fights in P. leniusculus pairs indicate that this species is more inclined to establish a dominance order than A. astacus. The aggressive dominance of P. leniusculus over A. astacus indicates that P. leniusculus might be able to competitively exclude A. astacus when the species are competing for a limited resource.
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2

Zamora-Marín, José Manuel, Antonio Zamora-López, Mar Torralva, and Francisco José Oliva-Paterna. "Ocurrence of the invasive species Pacifastacus leniusculus (Dana, 1852) (Decapoda, Astacidae) in the Segura River Basin (SE, Spain)." Anales de Biología, no. 38 (December 2016): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesbio.38.14.

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Se detecta por primera vez en noviembre de 2015 la presencia del cangrejo señal, Pacifastacus leniusculus (Dana, 1852), en la Cuenca del río Segura. Esta introducción, probablemente, es resultado de una liberación intencionada o negligente realizada por particulares. La expansión de la especie podría tener serias implicaciones medioambientales, a tenor de los graves impactos sobre el hábitat y las especies nativas que el cangrejo señal ha tenido en muchas otras regiones. The occurrence of the signal crayfish, Pacifastacus leniusculus (Dana, 1852) in the Segura River Basin was detected for the first time in November 2015. Its presence is probably consequence of a deliberate or neglected introduction carried out by citizens. If it expanded in the Segura Basin, the signal crayfish could have serious environmental implications, based on the severe impacts on habitats and native species reported in other regions.
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3

Ahvenharju, Tero, and Kari Ruohonen. "Individual food intake measurement of freshwater crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus Dana) juveniles." Aquaculture Research 36, no. 13 (September 2005): 1304–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2005.01348.x.

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4

Yazicioglu, B., B. Yazicioglu, Z. Linhartova, B. Yazicioglu, Z. Linhartova, H. Niksirat, B. Yazicioglu, Z. Linhartova, H. Niksirat, and P. Kozak. "First report of intersex in the signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus (Dana, 1852)." Crustaceana 87, no. 13 (2014): 1559–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685403-00003370.

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The reproductive strategies of species of non-indigenous crayfish make an important issue in astacological research. Although crayfish reproduction has been well studied, there is little information available on the occurrence of intersexuality. We report the first evidence of intersex in the signal crayfish, Pacifastacus leniusculus (Dana, 1852). An intersexual specimen was found among five tested signal crayfish. Morphology revealed both male and female genital openings, as well as male gonopods. The specimen superficially appeared male but contained both testes and ovaries, with an atypical dispersed structure. Sperm was obtained from this crayfish. Histology showed both spermatocytes and oocytes. The gonadosomatic index (GSI = 3.79) was considered as a morphometric parameter of the intersexual crayfish. The ova present in the intersex male raised its GSI to the three-fold of that of normal males.
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CUELLAR, M. C., I. GARCIA-CUENCA, and J. C. FONTANILLAS. "DESCRIPTION DE LA ZOOÉPIBIOSE DE L’ÉCREVISSE SIGNAL (PACIFASTACUS LENIUSCULUS, DANA) EN ASTACICULTURE." Bulletin Français de la Pêche et de la Pisciculture, no. 367 (2002): 959–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/kmae:2002078.

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6

Pawlos, Dorota, Agata Korzelecka-Orkisz, Krzysztof Formicki, and Aleksander Winnicki. "Hatching Process in the Signal Crayfish, Pacifastacus Leniusculus (Dana, 1852) (Decapoda, Astacidae)." Crustaceana 83, no. 10 (2010): 1167–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/001121610x526997.

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7

Bondar, C. A., K. Zeron, and John S. Richardson. "Risk-sensitive foraging by juvenile signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 84, no. 11 (November 2006): 1693–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z06-161.

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Feeding behavior of carnivorous and herbivorous organisms is commonly explained in terms of nutritional requirements. However, feeding behavior of omnivorous organisms is difficult to predict and may not be based on nutritional requirements alone. To assess the plasticity of feeding behaviors exhibited by an omnivore, we conducted a feeding experiment using juvenile signal crayfish ( Pacifastacus leniusculus (Dana, 1852)), both alone and in the presence of conspecifics and predators. Crayfish were presented with three types of food (chironomids, mayflies, and woody debris) in experimental enclosures, and the food type consumed and time to consumption were recorded. Although the same overall food choice (chironomid larvae) was made in all trials, the time it took for the juvenile crayfish to make a food selection was longer in the presence of adult conspecifics (both male and female) and adult cutthroat trout ( Oncorhynchus clarkii (Richardson, 1836)). Food selection also took longer, although not significantly, in the presence of conspecific juvenile crayfish, and no changes in behavior were noted in the presence of young-of-the-year (YOY) cutthroat trout. The altered behavior of the juvenile crayfish observed in the presence of adult fish and crayfish can lead to context-dependent effects of this omnivore on its community. Ecologists must be increasingly aware that the feeding of omnivores may not be solely based on nutritional criteria.
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8

WINNICKI, A., D. PAWLOS, K. FORMICKI, and P. SMIETANA. "ON SELECTED MORPHOMECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SIGNAL CRAYFISH (PACIFASTACUS LENIUSCULUS DANA) EGGS DURING INCUBATION." Bulletin Français de la Pêche et de la Pisciculture, no. 372-373 (2004): 431–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/kmae:2004016.

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9

Ulikowski, Dariusz, and Łucjan Chybowski. "Lake Hańcza – a new site for signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus Dana) occurrence in Poland." Archives of Polish Fisheries 26, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aopf-2018-0015.

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Abstract Crayfish catches were conducted using traps in Lake Hańcza, which is the deepest lake in Poland. Two crayfish populations were found to co-exist in the lake: spiny-cheek crayfish (Orconectes limosus Raf.) and signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus Dana), which is a new species for this lake. Signal crayfish dominated the samples at 98.5% of the specimens caught. The crayfish occurred at depths of 1-10 m. The mean total body length of the male and female signal crayfish (TL) was 99.5 ± 17.8 mm and 96.5 ± 11.7 mm, respectively, while the average body weight (BW) was 38.7 ± 24.9 g and 26.8 ± 9.5, respectively. Chelae were damaged in 4.5% of the individuals. Fishing efficiency (catch per unit effort – CPUE) was 0.96 crayfish trap−1 night−1. Selected characteristics of the population and of individual signal crayfish from Lake Hańcza were compared with those of the two closest neighboring populations of this species in lakes Mauda and Pobłędzie. The confirmed occurrence of the relatively large signal crayfish population in Lake Hańcza excludes this lake as a possible site for native noble crayfish (Astacus astacus L.) restoration.
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10

R., Harris, Coley S., Collins S., and McCabe R. "Ammonia uptake and its effects on ionoregulation in the freshwater crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus (Dana)." Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology 171, no. 8 (November 1, 2001): 681–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003600100219.

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11

MAITLAND, PETER S. "The North American signal crayfish,Pacifastacus leniusculus (Dana), established in the wild in Scotland." Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 6, no. 2 (June 1996): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0755(199606)6:2<107::aid-aqc180>3.0.co;2-n.

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12

Carral, Jose M., Jesús D. Celada, Jesús González, Vicente R. Gaudioso, Ramón Fernández, and Conceptión López-Baissón. "Artificial incubation of crayfish eggs ( Pacifastacus leniusculus Dana) from early stages of embryonic development." Aquaculture 104, no. 3-4 (June 1992): 261–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(92)90208-3.

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13

Dana, Elías, Javier López-Santiago, Juan García-de-Lomas, David García-Ocaña, Vanesa Gámez, and Fernando Ortega. "Long-term management of the invasive Pacifastacus leniusculus (Dana, 1852) in a small mountain stream." Aquatic Invasions 5, no. 3 (September 2010): 317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3391/ai.2010.5.3.10.

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14

Celada, Jesus D., Jose M. Carral, Vicente R. Gaudioso, Consuelo Temiño, and Ramón Fernández. "Response of juvenile freshwater crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus Dana) to several fresh and artificially compounded diets." Aquaculture 76, no. 1-2 (January 1989): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(89)90252-4.

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15

Velema, G. J., J. S. Rosenfeld, and E. B. Taylor. "Effects of invasive American signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) on the reproductive behaviour of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) sympatric species pairs." Canadian Journal of Zoology 90, no. 11 (November 2012): 1328–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z2012-102.

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Environmental change, including that caused directly or indirectly by invasive species, presents a major threat to the persistence of native freshwater biodiversity. The invasive American signal crayfish ( Pacifastacus leniusculus (Dana, 1852)) has recently been implicated in the collapse of a pair of threespine stickleback ( Gasterosteus aculeatus L., 1758) species in Enos Lake, British Columbia, through introgressive hybridization; yet there are few data describing potential interactions between crayfish and these recently evolved stickleback species. We conducted a behavioural study, using an intact sympatric G. aculeatus species pair from a nearby lake, to examine if and how interactions with P. leniusculus may influence the breeding behaviour of sticklebacks. We found that the reproductive behaviour of limnetic males was disrupted to a greater degree than that of benthic males, suggesting that crayfish may disproportionately impact limnetic male reproductive success and may have contributed to biased hybridization between the Enos Lake species pair. Our study illustrates how newly differentiated taxa may be especially susceptible to environmental perturbations, particularly those caused by invasive species.
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16

Grandjean, Frédéric, and Catherine Souty-Grosset. "Preliminary results on the genetic variability of mitochondrial DNA in the signal crayfish, Pacifastacus leniusculus Dana." Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series III - Sciences de la Vie 320, no. 7 (July 1997): 551–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0764-4469(97)84710-5.

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17

Wutz, Sebastian, and Juergen Geist. "Sex- and size-specific migration patterns and habitat preferences of invasive signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus Dana)." Limnologica 43, no. 2 (March 2013): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.limno.2012.02.002.

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18

BUBB, D. H., T. J. THOM, and M. C. LUCAS. "THE WITHIN-CATCHMENT INVASION OF THE NON-INDIGENOUS SIGNAL CRAYFISH PACIFASTACUS LENIUSCULUS (DANA),IN UPLAND RIVERS." Bulletin Français de la Pêche et de la Pisciculture, no. 376-377 (2005): 665–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/kmae:2005023.

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19

Wheatly, Michele G., Tes Toop, Roy J. Morrison, and Leanne C. Yow. "Physiological Responses of the Crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus (Dana) to Environmental Hyperoxia. III. Intracellular Acid-Base Balance." Physiological Zoology 64, no. 1 (January 1991): 323–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/physzool.64.1.30158527.

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20

Celada, J. D., J. M. Carral, M. Sáez-Royuela, P. M. Melendre, and A. Aguilera. "Effects of different antifungal treatments on artificial incubation of the astacid crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus Dana) eggs." Aquaculture 239, no. 1-4 (September 2004): 249–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.06.003.

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21

Melendre, P. M., J. D. Celada, J. M. Carral, M. Sáez-Royuela, and A. Aguilera. "Effectiveness of antifungal treatments during artificial incubation of the signal crayfish eggs (Pacifastacus leniusculus Dana. Astacidae)." Aquaculture 257, no. 1-4 (June 2006): 257–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.02.064.

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22

Houghton, R. J., C. Wood, and X. Lambin. "Size-mediated, density-dependent cannibalism in the signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus (Dana, 1852) (Decapoda, Astacidea), an invasive crayfish in Britain." Crustaceana 90, no. 4 (2017): 417–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685403-00003653.

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The role of cannibalism in crayfish populations is not well understood, despite being a potentially key density-dependent process underpinning population dynamics. We studied the incidence of cannibalism in an introduced signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus population in a Scottish lowland river in September 2014. Animals were sampled using six different sampling techniques simultaneously, revealing variable densities and size distributions across the site. Cannibalism prevalence was estimated by analysing the gut contents of crayfish >20 mm CL for the presence of crayfish fragments, which was found to be 20% of dissected individuals. When seeking evidence of relationships between the sizes of cannibals and ‘prey’, the density of conspecifics <56% the size of a dissected individual yielded the best fit. The relationship between cannibalism probability and crayfish size and density was equally well described by three different metrics of crayfish density. Cannibalism increased with crayfish size and density but did not vary according to sex. These results suggest that large P. leniusculus frequently cannibalize smaller (prey) conspecifics, and that the probability of cannibalism is dependent upon the relative size of cannibal-to-prey and the density of the smaller crayfish. We suggest that removing large individuals, as targeted by many traditional removal techniques, may lead to reduced cannibalism and therefore a compensatory increase in juvenile survival.
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Dragičević, Paula, Matej Faller, Petra Kutleša, and Sandra Hudina. "Update on the signal crayfish, Pacifastacus leniusculus (Dana, 1852) range expansion in Croatia: a 10-year report." BioInvasions Records 9, no. 4 (2020): 793–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.3391/bir.2020.9.4.13.

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Harlioğlu, M. M., and D. M. Holdich. "Meat yields in the introduced freshwater crayfish, Pacifastacus leniusculus (Dana) and Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, from British waters." Aquaculture Research 32, no. 5 (May 2001): 411–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2109.2001.00577.x.

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Celada, J. D., J. I. Antolín, J. M. Carral, M. Sáez-Royuela, and R. Rodríguez. "Successful sex ratio of 1M:4F in the astacid crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus Dana under captive breeding conditions." Aquaculture 244, no. 1-4 (February 2005): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.10.028.

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26

Kozák, P., M. Buřič, J. Kanta, A. Kouba, P. Hamr, and T. Policar. "The effect of water temperature on the number of moults and growth of juvenile signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus Dana." Czech Journal of Animal Science 54, No. 6 (June 22, 2009): 286–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1727-cjas.

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The growth rate, frequency of moulting, and intermoult intervals of juvenile <I>Pacifastacus leniusculus</I> were studied under experimental conditions over a period of 3 months. Juveniles were reared individually in small boxes at two different temperatures: 14.31 ± 0.64°C (cold water) and 20.54 ± 0.69°C (warm water). Although the average weight and length of consecutive stages were similar at both temperatures, juveniles in warm water attained more moults. Within the age group juveniles achieved a higher length and weight in warm water than in cold water. Three month-old juveniles reached 147 mg and 18.5 mm in cold water at the 6<sup>th</sup> stage of development, and 259 mg and 22.2 mm in warm water at the 8<sup>th</sup> stage. Specific growth rate (SGR) decreased (5.6 and 10.4 for cold and warm water in the first stage, respectively) and reached final values of 1.4 and 1.5 after 3 months of growth. SGR was significantly higher in warm water and showed negative correlations with the number of days after hatching and number of moults. Duration of intermoult periods was significantly influenced by water temperature, with five moults attained in cold water compared to seven in warm water. All intermoult periods were significantly longer in cold water than in warm water. The average percent weight and length increments decreased with increasing number of moults, length, weight and number of days after hatching. In warm water increments were higher (89.8% and 21.8% for weight and length, respectively) than in cold water (68.5% and 20.3% for weight and length, respectively), and the decrease was faster. However, the final values were similar at both temperatures (about 36% and 11% for weight and length, respectively). The mean absolute weight and length moult increments were not significantly influenced by water temperature. Although the temperature influenced growth due to the number of moults, the duration of individual intermoult periods did not affect the weight and length of juveniles in particular stages.
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Celada, J. D., J. I. Antolín, J. M. Carral, J. R. Pérez, and M. Sáez-Royuela. "Effects of breeder reuse on the reproductive potential of the signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus Dana. Astacidae) in culture." Aquaculture International 15, no. 1 (October 7, 2006): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10499-006-9066-x.

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Harper, Kirsten, Patrick Anucha, James Turnbull, Colin Bean, and Michael Leaver. "Searching for a signal: Environmental DNA (eDNA) for the detection of invasive signal crayfish, Pacifastacus leniusculus (Dana, 1852)." Management of Biological Invasions 9, no. 2 (2018): 137–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2018.9.2.07.

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ULIKOWSKI, D., T. KRZYWOSZ, and P. ŚMIETANA. "A COMPARISON OF SURVIVAL AND GROWTH IN JUVENILE ASTACUS LEPTODACTYLUS (ESCH.) AND PACIFASTACUS LENIUSCULUS (DANA) UNDER CONTROLLED CONDITIONS." Bulletin Français de la Pêche et de la Pisciculture, no. 380-381 (2006): 1245–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/kmae:2006023.

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Agerberg, Anders, and Håkan Jansson. "Allozymic Comparisons Between Three Subspecies of the Freshwater Crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus (Dana), and Between Populations Introduced to Sweden." Hereditas 122, no. 1 (May 28, 2004): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1995.00033.x.

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Celada, Jesus D., Jose M. Carral, Vicente R. Gaudioso, Consuelo Temino, and Ramon Fernandez. "Effects of thermic manipulation throughout egg development on the reproductive efficiency of the freshwater crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus Dana)." Aquaculture 72, no. 3-4 (September 1988): 341–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(88)90222-0.

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Gonzalo, Cristina, and Julio A. Camargo. "Fluoride bioaccumulation in the signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus (Dana) as suitable bioindicator of fluoride pollution in freshwater ecosystems." Ecological Indicators 20 (September 2012): 244–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.12.019.

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Goshima, Seiji, Kimihiro Tsutsumi, Tadashi Kawai, and Kazuyoshi Nakata. "Coexistence of two North American invasive crayfish species, Pacifastacus leniusculus (Dana, 1852) and Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852) in Japan." Crustaceana 78, no. 11 (2005): 1389–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854005776759771.

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Ahvenharju, Tero, Riitta Savolainen, Jouni Tulonen, and Kari Ruohonen. "Effects of size grading on growth, survival and cheliped injuries of signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus Dana) summerlings (age 0+)." Aquaculture Research 36, no. 9 (June 2005): 857–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2005.01294.x.

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Celada, Jesús D., Jose M. Carral, Vicente R. Gaudioso, Jesús González, Concepción Lopez-Baissón, and Ramón Fernández. "Survival and Growth of Juvenile Freshwater Crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus Dana Fed Two Raw Diets and Two Commercial Formulated Feeds." Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 24, no. 1 (March 1993): 108–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.1993.tb00157.x.

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Hogger, J. B. "Aspects of the introduction of “signal crayfish”, Pacifastacus leniusculus (Dana), into the southern United Kingdom. 1. Growth and survival." Aquaculture 58, no. 1-2 (November 1986): 27–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(86)90154-7.

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37

Celada, J. D., J. I. Antolín, J. M. Carral, J. R. Pérez, and M. Sáez-Royuela. "Reproductive efficiency of the signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus Dana. Astacidae) at different densities under both culture and laboratory conditions." Aquaculture 252, no. 2-4 (March 2006): 298–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.06.049.

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Wooster, David, Jennifer L. Snyder, and Anne Madsen. "Environmental correlates of signal crayfish, Pacifastacus leniusculus (Dana, 1852), density and size at two spatial scales in its native range." Journal of Crustacean Biology 32, no. 5 (July 7, 2012): 741–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/193724012x651144.

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Appelberg, Magnus. "Changes in haemolymph ion concentrations of Astacus astacus L. and Pacifastacus leniusculus (Dana) after exposure to low pH and aluminium." Hydrobiologia 121, no. 1 (February 1985): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00035225.

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Figler, Michael H., Jennifer Sippel, and Harman V. S. Peeke. "Prior Residence Effects in Shelter Defense in Adult Signal Crayfish (Pacifastacus Leniusculus (Dana)): Results in Same- and Mixed-Sex Dyads." Crustaceana 68, no. 7 (1995): 873–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854095x01006.

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Sippel, Jennifer, Michael H. Figler, and Harman V. S. Peeke. "Prior Residence Effects in Shelter Defense in Adult Signal Crayfish (Pacifastacus Leniusculus (Dana)): Results in Same- and Mixed-Sex Dyads." Crustaceana 68, no. 8 (1995): 873–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854095x02078.

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Sáez-Royuela, María, José Manuel Carral, Jesús Domingo Celada, and Camino Muñoz. "Effects of management on survival and growth of Stage 2 juvenile freshwater signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus Dana) under laboratory conditions." Aquaculture 133, no. 2 (June 1995): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(95)00004-l.

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Vedia, Iván, David Almeida, Amaia Rodeles, Pedro Leunda, Enrique Baquero, David Galicia, Javier Oscoz, David Elustondo, Jesús Santamaría, and Rafael Miranda. "Behavioral Interactions and Trophic Overlap between Invasive Signal Crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus (Decapoda, Astacidae) and Native Fishes in Iberian Rivers." Water 11, no. 3 (March 5, 2019): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11030459.

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The signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus Dana, 1852 is a successful invasive species in the Iberian Peninsula. This is of particular conservation concern, as fish fauna is highly endemic and also threatened within this ecoregion. The aim of this study was to analyze behavioral interactions and trophic overlap between signal crayfish and native fishes in Iberian rivers (northern Spain). Video cameras were used to record fish “dominance/evasion” after spatial encounters with crayfish. Diet composition and isotopic signatures (δ13C and δ15N) were compared to evaluate the niche overlap. Fish were dominant in 25% of the encounters with juvenile crayfish, whereas this percentage was only 4% with adult crayfish. Observations showed a high fish “evasion” response for Pyrenean stone loach Barbatula quignardi (Bǎcescu-Meşter, 1967) (>30%). Dietary results showed a high trophic overlap between signal crayfish with the pelagic Pyrenean minnow Phoxinus bigerri Kottelat, 2007 and the benthic loach. However, the isotopic niche overlap was low, with brown trout Salmo trutta L., 1758 showing the highest area (only 0.1 ‰2). Overall, our findings suggest that interferences may occur with native species for food (i.e., benthic invertebrates). Consequently, measures should be applied to control invasive crayfish in Iberian rivers.
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MELENDRE, P. M., J. D. CELADA, J. M. CARRAL, M. SÁEZ-ROYUELA, and A. AGUILERA. "EFFECTS OF STAGE 2 JUVENILE REMOVAL FREQUENCY ON FINAL SURVIVAL RATES IN ARTIFICIAL INCUBATION OF CRAYFISH EGGS (PACIFASTACUS LENIUSCULUS DANA. ASTACIDAE)." Journal of Shellfish Research 26, no. 1 (April 2007): 201–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2983/0730-8000(2007)26[201:eosjrf]2.0.co;2.

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PERSSON, M., L. CERENIUS, and K. SODERHALL. "The influence of haemocyte number on the resistance of the freshwater crayfish, Pacifastacus leniusculus Dana, to the parasitic fungus Aphanomyces astaci." Journal of Fish Diseases 10, no. 6 (November 1987): 471–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1987.tb01098.x.

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Sáez-Royuela, M., J. M. Carral, J. D. Celada, J. R. Pérez, and A. González. "Live feed as supplement from the onset of external feeding of juvenile signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus Dana. Astacidae) under controlled conditions." Aquaculture 269, no. 1-4 (September 2007): 321–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.04.053.

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Ahvenharju, Tero, and Kari Ruohonen. "Agonistic behaviour of signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus Dana) in different social environments: Effect of size heterogeneity on growth and food intake." Aquaculture 271, no. 1-4 (October 2007): 307–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.05.004.

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Froufe, E., S. Varandas, A. Teixeira, R. Sousa, L. Filipová, A. Petrusek, L. Edsman, and M. Lopes-Lima. "First results on the genetic diversity of the invasive signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus (Dana, 1852) in Europe using novel microsatellite loci." Journal of Applied Genetics 56, no. 3 (February 1, 2015): 375–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13353-015-0272-y.

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Herrmann, Alexander, Adam Schnabler, and Andreas Martens. "Phenology of overland dispersal in the invasive crayfish Faxonius immunis (Hagen) at the Upper Rhine River area." Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems, no. 419 (2018): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2018018.

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The non-indigenous crayfish Faxonius immunis (Hagen) is the dominant crayfish species at the Upper Rhine River system since his detection in 1993. As an invasive alien species, it is one of the biggest threats to aquatic biodiversity in the area. By dispersing over land, the species has a high potential to colonize small ponds created for threatened amphibians and dragonflies. Shortly after invasion, the fast growing population of F. immunis is changing the habitat drastically. In June 2016, our team started a local information campaign including citizen science project where the local people south of Karlsruhe, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany, could contact us when they spot a crayfish migrating over land to assess the activity of overland dispersal on a regional scale. Until January 2018, we got a total of 98 responses. Thirty-nine include suitable information including 33 records of overland dispersal of F. immunis. The species was recorded on land throughout the year, except February and July. Additionally, single observations of overland dispersal of other invasive crayfish species, naming Procambarus clarkii (Girard), Pacifastacus leniusculus (Dana), Procambarus virginalis (Lyko) and Faxonius limosus (Rafinesque), were recorded.
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Bubb, Damian H., Timothy J. Thom, and Martyn C. Lucas. "Movement patterns of the invasive signal crayfish determined by PIT telemetry." Canadian Journal of Zoology 84, no. 8 (August 2006): 1202–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z06-100.

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In one of the first field studies to utilize passive integrated transponder (PIT) telemetry to study space use of invertebrates, movement of the introduced signal crayfish ( Pacifastacus leniusculus (Dana, 1852)) was examined intensively in a high-density population in an upland river in northern England from 18 August to 6 September 2004. Crayfish (carapace length 21.0–67.3 mm) were tracked with externally attached PIT tags, enabling remote detection of tagged crayfish by the use of a portable detector. Of the 406 crayfish tagged, 356 (87.7%) were subsequently relocated at least once. The majority of crayfish remained close to the release location (median distance between release and final locations 36.3 m; 25th percentile 10.4 m, 75th percentile 91.6 m). However, movements of up to 345 m were recorded. There was no relationship between sex or size and distance moved. A small waterfall, upstream of the release location, appeared to form a barrier preventing movements of tagged crayfish upstream past it during the study period. PIT telemetry can provide an effective method for detailed recording of space use compared with standard mark–recapture or radiotelemetry methods.
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