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Journal articles on the topic 'Packed columns'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Rahbar-Kelishami, Ahmad, Hossein Bahmanyar, and Zahra Hajamini. "A novel approach for calculating packed column height based on new correlation of mass transfer coefficient." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 17, no. 1 (2015): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjct-2015-0008.

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Abstract The calculation of column’s height plays an important role in packed columns precise design. This research is based on experimentally measurement of mass transfer coefficients in different heights of packed column to predict its height. The objective of presented work is to introduce a novel conceptual method to predict column height via new correlation for mass transfer coefficient. As the mass transfer coefficient is decreased with increase of column height, the HTU’s are not constant figures along the column so this new approach is called increasing HTU’s. The results of the propos

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2

Takahashi, Hisayuki, and Masayasu Tanaka. "Statistical Analysis for Comparison of the Results Obtained by Capillary Columns and Packed Columns in the Determination of Water Yield in Smoke Condensates Analyzed in Cigarettes for the 24th Asia Collaborative Study." Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research 29, no. 2 (2020): 97–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2020-0010.

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SummaryRecently, capillary columns have been widely used in the methodology for the determination of water yields in smoke condensate, even though ISO 10362-1:1999, “Cigarettes - Determination of water in smoke condensates – Part 1: Gas chromatographic method” specifies a packed gas chromatographic column. As a result of a systematic review in 2015, ISO/TC126 decided to revise the standard to include the use of capillary columns.The goal of this study was to confirm the comparability of water yields obtained from capillary column methodology to those yields from packed columns by the statistic

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3

Hirata, Yukio. "Column technology for packed capillary columns." Journal of Microcolumn Separations 2, no. 5 (1990): 214–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mcs.1220020503.

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4

Patel, Nishiben, Krishna R. Gupta, and Milind J. Umekar. "An Overview of Monolithic Column: Types, Parameters and Applications." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 12, no. 4-S (2022): 223–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v12i4-s.5521.

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The column is the main component for chromatographic separation. Nowadays, monolithic columns are graining more popularity in the field of separation media for liquid chromatography. The monolith columns possess great potential as compared to the conventional packed column in terms of preparing complex mixtures. These columns provide various properties like higher permeability, high-efficiency fast separations, high flow rate with lower backpressure, fast mass transfer kinetics with a high binding capacity. It is categories into three columns and they are organic monolithic column, inorganic m

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5

Liu, Yi, Yuxin Jiang, Zengliang Gao, Kaixin Liu, and Yuan Yao. "Convolutional Neural Network-Based Machine Vision for Non-Destructive Detection of Flooding in Packed Columns." Sensors 23, no. 5 (2023): 2658. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23052658.

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In chemical processes, packed columns are frequently employed in various unit operations. However, the flow rates of gas and liquid in these columns are often constrained by the risk of flooding. To ensure the safe and efficient operation of packed columns, it is crucial to detect flooding in real time. Conventional flooding monitoring methods rely heavily on manual visual inspections or indirect information from process variables, which limit the real-time accuracy of results. To address this challenge, we proposed a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based machine vision approach for non-des

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6

Komárek, Karel. "Short Glass Micro-Packed Columns for Gas Chromatography." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 59, no. 3 (1994): 589–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19940589.

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For a quick analysis of simple mixtures of lower chlorinated hydrocarbons a possible application has been studied of short glass micro-packed columns packed with commercial sorbents for extraction by solid phase. For analyses of lower alcohols, carboxylic acids, and other oxygen-containing substances the columns were packed with the organic porous sorbent, a copolymer of divinylbenzene and 1,4-di(methacryloyloxymethyl)naphthalene. The chosen sorbents were placed into glass capillary columns of 0.4 - 0.7 m length and 0.7 mm i.d. As the sorbent amount in the column is small, the columns are chea

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7

Liu, Qing, Chao Yan, and Yan Wang. "Submicron Nonporous Silica Particles for Enhanced Separation Performance in pCEC." Molecules 28, no. 8 (2023): 3542. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28083542.

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Applications of submicron-scale particles are of rising interest in separation science due to their favorable surface-to-volume ratio and their fabrication of highly ordered structures. The uniformly dense packing beds in columns assembled from nanoparticles combined with an electroosmotic flow-driven system has great potential in a highly efficient separation system. Here, we packed capillary columns using a gravity method with synthesized nanoscale C18-SiO2 particles having diameters of 300–900 nm. The separation of small molecules and proteins was evaluated in the packed columns on a pressu

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8

Li, Haibin, Zhengjin Jiang, Gert Desmet, and Deirdre Cabooter. "In-Depth Performance Analysis and Comparison of Monolithic and Particulate Zwitterionic Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography Polymer Columns." Molecules 28, no. 7 (2023): 2902. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28072902.

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The kinetic performance of different zwitterionic hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography polymer columns is evaluated and compared in-depth. For this purpose, two lab-made monolithic columns, synthesized with different crosslinkers, and a commercial particle packed column are considered. It is found that performance evaluation techniques, such as comparing plate height curves or fitted A-, B- and C-terms, obtained by fitting experimental plate height data to a plate height model, are complicated by the determination of a reliable characteristic length. This is due to the very different

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9

Parfitt, Charles H. "Wide-Bore Capillary Gas Chromatographic Determination of Organophosphorus Pesticide Residues in Foods: Interlaboratory Trial." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 77, no. 1 (1994): 92–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/77.1.92.

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Abstract Wide-Bore capillary columns are often used as alternatives to traditionally packed columns for gas chromatographic (GC) determination of pesticide residues in foods. Fused silica columns with cross-linked, bonded stationary phases are reproducible, rugged, and easy to use and are substantially more inert than their packed column equivalents. An interlaboratory trial was conducted in 5 U.S. Food and Drug Administration laboratories to determine the practicability of using isothermal wide-bore capillary GC as an alternative to the packed column GC systems used in AOAC Official Methods f

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10

Chen, Guoqiang, and Raja Ghosh. "Effect of the Length-to-Width Aspect Ratio of a Cuboid Packed-Bed Device on Efficiency of Chromatographic Separation." Processes 6, no. 9 (2018): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr6090160.

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In recent papers we have discussed the use of cuboid packed-bed devices as alternative to columns for chromatographic separations. These devices address some of the major flow distribution challenges faced by preparative columns used for process-scale purification of biologicals. Our previous studies showed that significant improvements in separation metrics such as the number of theoretical plates, peak shape, and peak resolution in multi-protein separation could be achieved. However, the length-to-width aspect ratio of a cuboid packed-bed device could potentially affect its performance. A sy

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11

Malang, Jameson, Perumal Kumar, and Agus Saptoro. "Computational Fluid Dynamics-Based Hydrodynamics Studies in Packed Bed Columns: Current Status and Future Directions." International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering 13, no. 3 (2015): 289–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijcre-2014-0121.

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Abstract A careful review of the literature reveals that extensive research has been done on the hydrodynamics in packed bed columns using turbulence models. It can be noted that the choice of turbulence model is influenced by the number of phases, type of fluid, Reynolds number range and the type of packing. Thus, comparison of turbulence models for the selection of a suitable model assumes great importance for the better prediction of flow pattern. This is due to the fact that poor prediction of the flow pattern can lead to a limited heat and mass transfer model as the rate of transfer proce

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12

Schneider, O., and J. Stichlmair. "Maldistribution in Packed Columns." Chemie Ingenieur Technik 73, no. 6 (2001): 738–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1522-2640(200106)73:6<738::aid-cite7383333>3.0.co;2-x.

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13

Šolcová, Olga, and Petr Schneider. "Extra-Column Effects in Determination of Rate Parameters by the Chromatographic Method." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 61, no. 6 (1996): 844–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19960844.

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It was shown that the sampling loop, detector and connecting elements in the chromatographic set-up for determination of transport parameters by the dynamic method significantly influence the response peaks from columns packed with porous or nonporous particles. A method, based on the use of convolution theorem, was developed which can take these effects into account. The applicability of this method was demonstrated on the case of axial dispersion in a single-pellet-string column (SPSR) packed with nonporous particles. It is possible to handle also responses from columns packed with porous pa

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14

Nasuto, R. "The Influence of the Concentration of Cyclohexane Radicals Bonded with an Si100 Silica Gel Surface upon the Retention of Some Hydrocarbons in Gas Chromatography." Adsorption Science & Technology 18, no. 1 (2000): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/0263617001493260.

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Four adsorbents based on silica gel Si100 with chemically bonded cyclohexane have been prepared as stationary phases for gas chromatography. The concentrations of cyclohexane radicals thus bonded with the silica gel surface were 1.35, 3.35, 4.17 and 6.02 μmol/m2, respectively. Separation of aliphatic (C6–C12), aromatic (benzene, toluene and m-xylene) and some polar organic compounds (chloroform, ethylene chloride, chlorobenzene, p-chlorotoluene and ethyl benzene) by gas chromatography using columns packed with the prepared adsorbents was studied. It was concluded that the retention of some com

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15

Hands, C. H. G., and F. R. Whitt. "Design of packed distillation columns. III. Rectification film resistances in a packed column." Journal of Applied Chemistry 1, no. 2 (2007): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.5010010202.

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16

Hands, C. H. G., and F. R. Whitt. "Design of packed distillation columns. II. Operating vapour rates for packed distillation columns." Journal of Applied Chemistry 1, no. 1 (2007): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.5010010105.

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17

Alicilar, Ahmet, and Atilla Murathan. "NOx REMOVAL IN PACKED COLUMNS." Ekoloji 7, no. 24 (1997): 35–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5053/ekoloji.1997.249.

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18

Großerichter, D., and J. Stichlmair. "Crystallization Fouling in Packed Columns." Chemical Engineering Research and Design 81, no. 1 (2003): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1205/026387603321158203.

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19

Baker, L. Robert, Marisa A. Stark, Andrew W. Orton, Brent A. Horn, and Steven R. Goates. "Density gradients in packed columns." Journal of Chromatography A 1216, no. 29 (2009): 5588–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2009.05.042.

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20

Gunn, D. J. "Liquid distribution in packed columns." Chemical Engineering Science 47, no. 8 (1992): 2095–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2509(92)80326-8.

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21

Gunn, D. J., and H. B. S. Al-Saffar. "Liquid distribution in packed columns." Chemical Engineering Science 48, no. 22 (1993): 3845–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2509(93)80227-h.

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22

Kunesh, J. G. "Recent developments in packed columns." Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering 65, no. 6 (1987): 907–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cjce.5450650604.

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23

Garner, F. H., S. R. M. Ellis, and W. H. Granville. "Loading velocities in packed columns." Journal of Applied Chemistry 5, no. 3 (2007): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.5010050301.

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24

Jaćimović, Nikola, Srbislav Genić, and Branislav Jaćimović. "Sizing of Packed Deaeration Columns." Chemical Engineering & Technology 42, no. 12 (2019): 2709–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.201800642.

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25

Billet, R., J. Maćkowiak, A. Koziol, and S. Suder. "Scaling Up Packed Absorption Columns." Fette, Seifen, Anstrichmittel 87, no. 5 (1985): 201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lipi.19850870509.

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26

Jung, Hong Kyeong, Miri Mun, Ashraf Ali, and Won Jo Cheong. "Fabrication of permanent silver cement frit at the inlet of micro-columns: a significant progress toward realization of disposable micro-columns." Acta Chromatographica 32, no. 1 (2020): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/1326.2018.00530.

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The advent of disposable micro-columns will be a hope of workers of chromatography-related laboratories. A very critical and important requirement is the formation of affordable inlet frits. Welding a metal screen to a column inlet is not recommended because of the risk of damage to stationary phase. In this study, the Tollens probe (silver mirror reaction) was adopted to make affordable frits. Silver is reduced on the particle surface and in an empty space among the particles, forming a solid silver network structure at the column inlet area by injecting the reaction solution into the packed

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27

Patel, Niti Bharatbhai, Surati Jasmina, Akbari Ashok, Patel Sagar, Shah Ketan, and Solanki Divya. "A Review on UHPLC Instrumentation with Advancements." Journal of Advances in Pharmaceutical Sciences 1, no. 1 (2023): 33–44. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7932671.

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<em>The Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) is the technique of liquid chromatography which improves speed, resolution and sensitivity. The instrumentation involves the advance requirement that helps the quick response of the peaks. The advances in instrumentation improve the fast separation with the help of UHPLC column involved in the front line of liquid chromatography column developed by giving higher quality chromatographic data in less time. The advancement in column like Columns packed with 2.6-2.7-μm SCPs, Columns packed with sub-2-μm SCPs and Charged surface-par

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28

Vianna-Soares, Cristina D., Cherng-Ju Kim, and Michael R. Borenstein. "Use of Hydrophilic Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate/Ethylene Glycol Methacrylate Packing Material in Size-Exclusion Chromatography." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 85, no. 6 (2002): 1308–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/85.6.1308.

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Abstract Spherical particles of hydroxypropyl methacrylate/ethylene glycol methacrylate copolymer were synthesized in-house for use in size-exclusion chromatography. The porous hydrophilic material was packed in glass and stainless steel columns to evaluate their chromatographic performance. The support particles were small (approximately 20 Å), and the average pore size was in the low range of mesopores (approximately 100 Å). The packed columns were calibrated by using polysaccharide dextrans, showing a good range of separation for molecular weights between 10 000 and 600 000 daltons. The pac

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29

Plenis, Alina, Tomasz Bączek, Jarosław Szulfer, and Michał Markuszewski. "New Materials Applied for the Stationary Phases in View of the Optimized HPLC and UHPLC Column Classification System Used in the Pharmaceutical Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 1120-1121 (July 2015): 1404–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1120-1121.1404.

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Pharmacopoeial monographs define usually requirements for the use of the particular chromatographic packing materials in a very general way. Even if a selection of particular chromatographic column packed with the defined material is suggested, it appears often that column is currently not present in the laboratory, or is no longer commercially available. With respect to those facts, there are needs to replace the given column material for another one, however with the similar physicochemical characteristics. This can be achieved by using one of the classification systems of columns’ material

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30

Cutler, Bruce, Joseph Algaier, and Frantisek Svec. "SEM analysis of in situ polymerization products for chromatographic separations." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 54 (August 11, 1996): 176–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100163344.

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Two inherent problems associated with chromatographic separations are peak broadening and column efficiency. These are directly attributable to the interparticular porosity of the separation media in which limited utilization of column space results in column void volumes. In theory, a minimum of 26% void volume will occur if a column is packed using perfectly arranged monodispersed beads. Typically, with the best packed columns void volumes are 30 to 40%. Svec and Fréchet have introduced an HPLC separation media with no discontinuity that are prepared in a single step by a free-radical polyme

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31

UETA, Ikuo, Kazuya TAKAHASHI, and Yoshihiro SAITO. "Column Switching Analysis with Packed-Capillary Columns in Gas Chromatography." Analytical Sciences 28, no. 10 (2012): 953–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/analsci.28.953.

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32

LANKIN, R., and V. FRANTSKEVICH. "INFLUENCE OF GEOMETRIC PARAMETERS OF SUPPORT-DISTRIBUTION GRIDES ON HYDRODYNAMICSIN A MASS EXCHANGER WITH A MOVABLE BALL NOZZLE." Herald of Polotsk State University. Series B. Industry. Applied Sciences, no. 2 (September 7, 2023): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.52928/2070-1616-2023-48-2-108-112.

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In the chemical industry, as well as in the petrochemical, construction, metallurgical, mining and chemical and other industries, packed and tray columns are used for the mass transfer process. This paper provides a brief introduction to packed columns and their applications. The principle of operation of movable nozzles is outlined, as well as their main disadvantages. An experimental absorption column is described and a technique for conducting experimental studies is described. Based on the results of the experiments, graphs of the dependence of the hydraulic resista

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33

Golovanchikov, A. B., N. A. Merentsov, and A. V. Kachanov. "Modeling Of Absorption Process In Packing Column Operating In The Emulsification Mode." Ecology and Industry of Russia 25, no. 3 (2021): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2021-3-24-29.

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A new approach to the mathematical modeling of packed absorption columns operating in the emulsification mode, which makes it possible to estimate the actual surface of the contact phase of the mass transfer products is presented. Equations for calculating the average diameter of the gas phase bubbles, the thickness of the liquid film between the bubbles in the packed absorption mass-exchange column operating in the emulsification mode are derived on the basis of the equality of the formation energy of the phase interface and the base of their overcoming the hydraulic resistance. A comparison

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34

Flagiello, Domenico, Arianna Parisi, Amedeo Lancia, and Francesco Di Natale. "A Review on Gas-Liquid Mass Transfer Coefficients in Packed-Bed Columns." ChemEngineering 5, no. 3 (2021): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering5030043.

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This review provides a thorough analysis of the most famous mass transfer models for random and structured packed-bed columns used in absorption/stripping and distillation processes, providing a detailed description of the equations to calculate the mass transfer parameters, i.e., gas-side coefficient per unit surface ky [kmol·m−2·s−1], liquid-side coefficient per unit surface kx [kmol·m−2·s−1], interfacial packing area ae [m2·m−3], which constitute the ingredients to assess the mass transfer rate of packed-bed columns. The models have been reported in the original form provided by the authors

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35

Seki, Tsugumi, Kanta Hongo, Taiji Chida, and Yuichi Niibori. "Reduction in Apparent Permeability Owing to Surface Precipitation of Solutes by Drying Process and Its Effect on Geological Disposal." Minerals 14, no. 4 (2024): 428. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min14040428.

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Disposal tunnels in geological repositories are ventilated continuously for over 50 years until their closure. Under these conditions, an unsaturated zone of mixed liquid and gas phases forms around the tunnels. Moreover, drying is assumed to progress from the host rock to the tunnels. To understand these drying processes, this study investigated the migration and precipitation of solutes via capillary forces during drying in packed columns using silica sand or glass beads as packed layers and X-ray CT analysis. In addition, the apparent permeability of a column packed with silica sand contain

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36

ZHANG, Q. M., and B. H. CHEN. "PRESSURE DROPS IN PACKED BUBBLE COLUMNS." Chemical Engineering Communications 140, no. 1 (1995): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00986449608936461.

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37

Darakchiev, Rumen, and Chavdar Dodev. "Gas flow distribution in packed columns." Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification 41, no. 5 (2002): 385–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0255-2701(01)00151-9.

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38

Vigh, Gyula, Leif H. Irgens, and Gyula Farkas. "Displacement chromatography on packed capillary columns." Journal of Chromatography A 502 (January 1990): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(01)89560-1.

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39

Ratovskii, Yu Yu, and Yu N. Lebedev. "Experience in use of packed columns." Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils 42, no. 5 (2006): 377–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10553-006-0091-2.

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40

Petersen, M. "Packed columns in supercritical fluid chromatography." Journal of Chromatography A 505, no. 1 (1990): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(01)93065-1.

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41

Hoffmann, S., and L. Blomberg. "Packed capillary columns for liquid chromatography." Chromatographia 24, no. 1 (1987): 416–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02688518.

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42

Karacan, S., M. Alpbaz, H. Hapoǧlu, Y. Cabbar, A. Abilov, and V. Pamuk. "Dynamic Models For Packed Distillation Columns." International Journal of Modelling and Simulation 19, no. 3 (1999): 226–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02286203.1999.11760422.

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43

Idlas, Scott A., Joseph A. Fitzpatrick, and John C. Slattery. "Conceptual design of packed flotation columns." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 29, no. 6 (1990): 943–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie00102a002.

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44

Luo, Qi-Lie, and Joseph D. Andrade. "Electrokinetic flow through packed capillary columns." Journal of Microcolumn Separations 11, no. 9 (1999): 682–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-667x(199911)11:9<682::aid-mcs6>3.0.co;2-w.

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45

Das, Shaon Kumar, and Irani Mukherjee. "Flubendiamide Transport Through Packed Soil Columns." Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 88, no. 2 (2011): 229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00128-011-0429-2.

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46

Maćkowiak, J. "Pressure drop in irrigated packed columns." Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification 29, no. 2 (1991): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0255-2701(91)87018-x.

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47

Billet, Reinhard, and Michael Schultes. "Predicting mass transfer in packed columns." Chemical Engineering & Technology 16, no. 1 (1993): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270160102.

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48

Balaban, Dario, Branislava Nikolovski, Mitar Perusic, and Goran Tadic. "Experimental and modeling studies of mass transfer and hydrodynamics in a packed bed absorption column for CO2 - water system." Chemical Industry 77, no. 2 (2023): 99–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind230120014b.

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This paper presents research on hydrodynamics and mass transfer in a packed absorption column. Experimental data on dry column pressure drop, flooding point, and efficiency of absorption of CO2 in water is obtained on a lab-scale absorption column packed with Raschig rings. Auxiliary parts of equipment together with chemical analyses provide simple monitoring and collecting the data. All obtained data were used to test different mathematical models for a given problem, i.e. for determination of the dry column pressure drop, flooding point and the overall gas transfer unit height. For dry colum

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49

Smith, Randall L., Darryl M. Sullivan, and Earl F. Richter. "Determination of Phytosterols in Butter Samples by Using Capillary Column Gas Chromatography." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 70, no. 5 (1987): 912–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/70.5.912.

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Abstract A positive bias in the gas chromatographic (GC) analysis of butter for β-sitosterol was discovered when attempting to confirm values by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The source of the problem was traced to an interfering material that was not effectively separated by packed column GC. Because capillary columns are known to provide superior separation, they were substituted for packed columns in the assay, and instrument parameters were modified accordingly. A compound with a similar retention time, identified by GC/MS as lanosterol, was separated from β-sitosterol by t

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50

Abel, Chol D. T., Saroj K. Sharma, Ervin Buçpapaj, and Maria D. Kennedy. "Impact of hydraulic loading rate and media type on removal of bulk organic matter and nitrogen from primary effluent in a laboratory-scale soil aquifer treatment system." Water Science and Technology 68, no. 1 (2013): 217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.242.

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Abstract:

The effect of hydraulic loading rate (HLR) and media type on the removal of bulk organic matter and nitrogen from primary effluent during soil aquifer treatment was investigated by conducting laboratory-scale soil column studies. Two soil columns packed with silica sand were operated at HLRs of 0.625 and 1.25 m/d, while a third column was packed with dune filtering material and operated at HLR of 1.25 m/d. Bulk organic matter was effectively removed by 47.5 ± 1.2% and 45.1 ± 1.2% in silica sand columns operated at 0.625 and 1.25 m/d, respectively and 57.3 ± 7.6% in dune filtering material colu

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