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1

Kuaban, Godlove Suila, Tülin Atmaca, Amira Kamli, Tadeusz Czachórski, and Piotr Czekalski. "Performance Analysis of Packet Aggregation Mechanisms and Their Applications in Access (e.g., IoT, 4G/5G), Core, and Data Centre Networks." Sensors 21, no. 11 (2021): 3898. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21113898.

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The transmission of massive amounts of small packets generated by access networks through high-speed Internet core networks to other access networks or cloud computing data centres has introduced several challenges such as poor throughput, underutilisation of network resources, and higher energy consumption. Therefore, it is essential to develop strategies to deal with these challenges. One of them is to aggregate smaller packets into a larger payload packet, and these groups of aggregated packets will share the same header, hence increasing throughput, improved resource utilisation, and reduc
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Omar, Najah, Seman Kamaruzzaman, and Abdulrahim Khairi. "Packet Loss Rate Differentiation in slotted Optical Packet Switching OCDM/WDM." TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication, Computing, Electronics and Control 15, no. 3 (2017): 1061 ∼ 1071. https://doi.org/10.12928/telkomnika.v15.i3.5019.

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We propose a multi-class mechanism for Optical Code Division Multiplexing (OCDM), Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) Optical Packet Switch (OPS) architecture capable of supporting Quality of Service (QoS) transmission. OCDM/WDM has been proposed as a competitive hybrid switching technology to support the next generation optical Internet. This paper addresses performance issues in the slotted OPS networks and proposed four differentiation schemes to support Quality of Service. In addition, we present a comparison between the proposed schemes as well as, a simulation scheduler design which c
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Shinwan, Mohammad Al, Trong-Dinh Huy, and Kim Chul-Soo. "A Flat Mobile Core Network for Evolved Packet Core Based SAE Mobile Networks." Journal of Computer and Communications 05, no. 05 (2017): 62–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jcc.2017.55006.

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Cinar, Yusuf, Peter Pocta, Desmond Chambers, and Hugh Melvin. "Improved Jitter Buffer Management for WebRTC." ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications 17, no. 1 (2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3410449.

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This work studies the jitter buffer management algorithm for Voice over IP in WebRTC. In particular, it details the core concepts of WebRTC’s jitter buffer management. Furthermore, it investigates how jitter buffer management algorithm behaves under network conditions with packet bursts. It also proposes an approach, different from the default WebRTC algorithm, to avoid distortions that occur under such network conditions. Under packet bursts, when the packet buffer becomes full, the WebRTC jitter buffer algorithm may discard all the packets in the buffer to make room for incoming packets. The
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De Coninck, Quentin. "The packet number space debate in multipath QUIC." ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review 52, no. 3 (2022): 2–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3561954.3561956.

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With a standardization process that attracted much interest, QUIC can been seen as the next general-purpose transport protocol. Still, it does not provide true multipath support yet, missing some use cases that Multipath TCP addresses. To fill that gap, the IETF recently adopted a Multipath proposal merging several proposed designs. While it focuses on its core components, there still remains one major design issue: the amount of packet number spaces that should be used. This paper provides experimental results with two different Multipath QUIC implementations based on NS3 simulations to under
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Li, Chuanhong, Lei Song, and Xuewen Zeng. "An Adaptive Throughput-First Packet Scheduling Algorithm for DPDK-Based Packet Processing Systems." Future Internet 13, no. 3 (2021): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi13030078.

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The continuous increase in network traffic has sharply increased the demand for high-performance packet processing systems. For a high-performance packet processing system based on multi-core processors, the packet scheduling algorithm is critical because of the significant role it plays in load distribution, which is related to system throughput, attracting intensive research attention. However, it is not an easy task since the canonical flow-level packet scheduling algorithm is vulnerable to traffic locality, while the packet-level packet scheduling algorithm fails to maintain cache affinity
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Stavdas, A., A. Salis, A. Dupas, and D. Chiaroni. "All-optical packet synchronizer for slotted core/metropolitan networks." Journal of Optical Networking 7, no. 1 (2008): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/jon.7.000088.

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Sou, Sok-Ian, and Chuan-Sheng Lin. "Random Packet Inspection Scheme for Network Intrusion Prevention in LTE Core Networks." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 66, no. 9 (2017): 8385–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2017.2675454.

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Ouyang, Ye, and M. Hosein Fallah. "An Analysis of Traffic and Throughput for UMTS Packet Core Networks." International Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking 2, no. 2 (2010): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jitn.2010040101.

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Mobile packet services are penetrating mobile markets rapidly. The mobile industry relies heavily on data services to replace traditional voice services. Designing a reliable packet service network is critical to the mobile operators’ ability to maintain their core competence in a data service market. The current literature provides many practical tools and theoretical methods to design, plan and dimension Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) radio networks but overlooks the algorithms of network plan and dimensioning for the core
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PAPAEFSTATHIOU, IOANNIS. "LOW LEVEL HARDWARE COMPRESSION FOR MULTI-GIGABIT NETWORKS." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 13, no. 06 (2004): 1307–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126604001969.

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As it has already been proved, link layer compression is very effective when used in packet networks. In particular, packet compression is especially useful when encryption is applied to the network packets. Encrypting the packets causes the data to be random in nature, and thus no compression can be applied after it. It is believed that low level encryption will be applied to the vast majority of Internet Protocol (IP) networks in the near future, and thus a large number of very sophisticated encryption devices have already been manufactured. Based on these facts, we claim that hardware devic
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Mustapha, Oba Zubair, Muhammad Ali, Yim Fun Hu, and Raed A. Abd-Alhameed. "Service-aware LSP selection with fuzzy based packet scheduling scheme for non-real time traffics." International Journal of Informatics and Communication Technology (IJ-ICT) 10, no. 2 (2021): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijict.v10i2.pp126-139.

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An essential solution is available in Multi-protocol label switching (MPLS), which solve the problems faced by present-day networks: speed, scalability, quality-of-service (QoS) management, and traffic engineering. This paper is an extension of work on Fuzzy based Packet Scheduling Algorithm (FPSA) combined with Packets Processing Algorithm (PPA) in an Internet Protocol/Multi-Protocol Label Switching (IP/MPLS) networks. This will make provision for an intelligent service to the Label Switched Path (LSP) in MPLS networks. Several research work have been proposed on the MPLS Traffic Engineering.
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Nayaka, Raja Jitendra. "High Performance Ethernet Packet Processor Core for Next Generation Networks." International Journal of Next-Generation Networks 4, no. 3 (2012): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijngn.2012.4307.

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El-Bawab, T. S., and Jong-Dug Shin. "Optical packet switching in core networks: between vision and reality." IEEE Communications Magazine 40, no. 9 (2002): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2002.1031830.

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Kolhar, Manjur. "Zeroize: A New Method to Improve the Utilization of 5G Networks When Running VoIP over IPv6." Applied System Innovation 4, no. 4 (2021): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/asi4040072.

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5G technology is spreading extremely quickly. Many services, including Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP), have utilized the features of 5G technology to improve their performance. VoIP service is gradually ruling the telecommunication sector due to its various advantages (e.g., free calls). However, VoIP service wastes a substantial share of the VoIP 5G network’s bandwidth due to its lengthy packet header. For instance, the share of the packet header from bandwidth and channel time reaches 85.7% of VoIP 5G networks when using the IPv6 protocol. VoIP designers are exerting considerable effort
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Kaczmarek, Sylwester, and Marcin Narloch. "Methods for evaluation packet delay distribution of flows using Expedited Forwarding PHB." Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology, no. 2 (June 30, 2004): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.26636/jtit.2004.2.243.

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The paper regards problem of providing statistical performance guarantees for real-time flows using Expedited Forwarding Per Hop Behavior (EF PHB) in IP Differentiated Services networks. Statistical approach to EF flows performance guarantees, based on calculation of probability that end-to-end packet delay is larger than certain value, allows larger network utilization than previously proposed deterministic approach. In the paper different methods of packet delay distribution evaluation are presented and compared. Considered cases comprise evaluation of delay distribution models for the core
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Tharunika, Sridhar. "Edge integrated policy enforcement in Packet Core networks for Wearable Devices." European Journal of Advances in Engineering and Technology 8, no. 3 (2021): 63–68. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13325672.

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Wearable devices are a rapidly changing technology that impacts people and the personal care industry. With the widespread use of sensors in ubiquitous and decentralized networks, power consumption, speed, and sensor adaptability will be important for future smart wearable devices. Visions and predictions are already emerging about how computing will be brought to the forefront among smart sensors to address climate change. Here we present wearable and theoretical solutions for smart devices that can perform research in computation time. We propose several solutions for game-based continuous l
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Abu-Shareha, Ahmad Adel, Adeeb Alsaaidah, Ali Alshahrani, and Basil Al-Kasasbeh. "Fuzzy-Based Active Queue Management Using Precise Fuzzy Modeling and Genetic Algorithm." Symmetry 15, no. 9 (2023): 1733. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym15091733.

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Active Queue Management (AQM) methods significantly impact the network performance, as they manage the router queue and facilitate the traffic flow through the network. This paper presents a novel fuzzy-based AQM method developed with a computationally efficient precise fuzzy modeling optimized using the Genetic Algorithm. The proposed method focuses on the concept of symmetry as a means to achieve a more balanced and equitable distribution of the resources and avoid bandwidth wasting resulting from unnecessary packet dropping. The proposed method calculates the dropping probability of each pa
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Menth, Michael, and Nikolas Zeitler. "Fair Resource Sharing for Stateless-Core Packet-Switched Networks With Prioritization." IEEE Access 6 (2018): 42702–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2859783.

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19

Ejzak, Richard P., Harold A. Lassers, Scott D. Olmstead, and Randall J. Wilson. "Flexent® IMS-the convergence of circuit and packet core networks." Bell Labs Technical Journal 7, no. 2 (2002): 105–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bltj.10008.

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Abbasi, Mahdi, Navid Mousavi, Milad Rafiee, Mohammad R. Khosravi, and Varun G. Menon. "A CRC-Based Classifier Micro-Engine for Efficient Flow Processing in SDN-Based Internet of Things." Mobile Information Systems 2020 (May 18, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7641073.

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In the Internet of things (IoT), network devices and mobile systems should exchange a considerable amount of data with negligible delays. For this purpose, the community has used the software-defined networking (SDN), which has provided high-speed flow-based communication mechanisms. To satisfy the requirements of SDN in the classification of communicated packets, high-throughput packet classification systems are needed. A hardware-based method of Internet packet classification that could be simultaneously high-speed and memory-aware has been proved to be able to fill the gap between the netwo
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Pásztor, Dániel, Péter Ekler, and János Levendovszky. "Energy-Efficient Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks." Acta Cybernetica 25, no. 2 (2021): 421–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/actacyb.288351.

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Efficient data collection is the core concept of implementing Industry4.0 on IoT platforms. This requires energy aware communication protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) where different functions, like sensing and processing on the IoT nodes must be supported by local battery power. Thus, energy aware network protocols, such as routing, became one of fundamental challenges in IoT data collection schemes.In our research, we have developed novel routing algorithms which guarantee minimum energy consumption data transfer which is achieved subject to pre-defined reliability constraints. W
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Al Shinwan, Mohammad, Laith Abualigah, Trong-Dinh Huy, et al. "An Efficient 5G Data Plan Approach Based on Partially Distributed Mobility Architecture." Sensors 22, no. 1 (2022): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22010349.

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Reaching a flat network is the main target of future evolved packet core for the 5G mobile networks. The current 4th generation core network is centralized architecture, including Serving Gateway and Packet-data-network Gateway; both act as mobility and IP anchors. However, this architecture suffers from non-optimal routing and intolerable latency due to many control messages. To overcome these challenges, we propose a partially distributed architecture for 5th generation networks, such that the control plane and data plane are fully decoupled. The proposed architecture is based on including a
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Aligholipour, Rashid, Mohammad Baharloo, Behnam Farzaneh, Meisam Abdollahi, and Ahmad Khonsari. "TAMA." ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems 20, no. 5 (2021): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3462700.

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Nowadays, static power consumption in chip multiprocessor (CMP) is the most crucial concern of chip designers. Power-gating is an effective approach to mitigate static power consumption particularly in low utilization. Network-on-Chip (NoC) as the backbone of multi- and many-core chips has no exception. Previous state-of-the-art techniques in power-gating desire to decrease static power consumption alongside the lack of diminution in performance of NoC. However, maintaining the performance and utilization of the power-gating approach has not yet been addressed very well. In this article, we pr
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Batmaz, Burak, and Atakan Doğan. "1 Gbit/s UDP/IP Offload Engine IP Core with PCIe Interface." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 27, no. 04 (2017): 1850053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126618500536.

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A significant amount of processor power is required to handle packet processing in high speed data networks and taking it to the hardware helps processor to save its energy for other processes. In this study, an Offload Engine IP core that provides the hardware acceleration of UDP/IP protocol stack together with a few other network protocols is introduced. Furthermore, the IP core is equipped with PCI Express (PCIe) interface so as to communicate with applications running on a host PC. Consequently, a processor core deals with only the data processing, while the IP core takes care of the packe
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Noor I. Khalaf and Abdulkareem A. Kadhim. "5G Networks Based on Software Defined Network." Iraqi Journal of Information and Communication Technology 7, no. 2 (2024): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31987/ijict.7.2.262.

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A software-defined network (SDN) based 5G architecture that utilizes three controllers to improve network performance is proposed in this paper. The controllers are responsible for managing functions related to access mechanism, core connectivity, and network transport. The proposed architecture aims to address solutions for the challenges of traditional 5G networks such as scalability, flexibility, and resource allocation. The paper investigates two networks: 5G without SDN and 5G with SDN. The performance of these networks is evaluated by simulation tests using OMNeT++. The results show a co
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Ho, Jih-Hsin, Wen-Shyang Hwang, and Ce-Kuen Shieh. "A priority-aware CSMA/CP MAC protocol for the all-optical IP-over-WDM metropolitan area ring network." Journal of High Speed Networks 16, no. 2 (2007): 157–73. https://doi.org/10.3233/hsn-2007-314.

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The paper proposes a priority-aware MAC (Medium Access Control) protocol for a core metropolitan area network in the next generation Internet, which is an OPS (Optical Packet Switch) network that all-optically and directly transfers IP packets over a WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing) ring network. It uses the concepts of CSMA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access), CP (Carrier Preemption), and the priority mechanism to support all-optical and priority-aware transferring of the IP packets of the nodes in the WDM ring networks; the new MAC protocol is named priority-aware CSMA/CP. Since the tradit
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Fan, Bin, Bin Tang, Zhihao Qu, and Baoliu Ye. "Network Coding Approaches for Distributed Computation over Lossy Wireless Networks." Entropy 25, no. 3 (2023): 428. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25030428.

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In wireless distributed computing systems, worker nodes connect to a master node wirelessly and perform large-scale computational tasks that are parallelized across them. However, the common phenomenon of straggling (i.e., worker nodes often experience unpredictable slowdown during computation and communication) and packet losses due to severe channel fading can significantly increase the latency of computational tasks. In this paper, we consider a heterogeneous, wireless, distributed computing system performing large-scale matrix multiplications which form the core of many machine learning ap
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Fahad, Taqwa Oday, and Abduladhem A. Ali. "Compressed fuzzy logic based multi-criteria AODV routing in VANET environment." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 1 (2019): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i1.pp397-401.

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Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are the core of intelligent transportation systems (ITS) to obtain safety, better transportation services, and improved traffic management. Providing more reliable and efficient on demand routing protocol is one of the main challenges in these networks research scope. This paper argues a compressed fuzzy logic based method to enhance Ad hoc on demand distance vector (AODV) routing decision by jointly considering number of relays, distance factor, direction angle, and vehicles speed variance. The proposed scheme is simulated in both freeway and urban scenarios
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Fahad, Taqwa Oday, and Abduladhem A. Ali. "Compressed fuzzy logic based multi-criteria AODV routing in VANET environment." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 1 (2019): 397–401. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i1.pp397-401.

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Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are the core of intelligent transportation systems (ITS) to obtain safety, better transportation services, and improved traffic management. Providing more reliable and efficient on demand routing protocol is one of the main challenges in these networks research scope. This paper argues a compressed fuzzy logic based method to enhance Ad hoc on demand distance vector (AODV) routing decision by jointly considering number of relays, distance factor, direction angle, and vehicles speed variance. The proposed scheme is simulated in both freeway and urban scenarios
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Louvros, Spiros (Spyridon), Michael Paraskevas, and Theofilos Chrysikos. "QoS-Aware Resource Management in 5G and 6G Cloud-Based Architectures with Priorities." Information 14, no. 3 (2023): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info14030175.

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Fifth-generation and more importantly the forthcoming sixth-generation networks have been given special care for latency and are designed to support low latency applications including a high flexibility New Radio (NR) interface that can be configured to utilize different subcarrier spacings (SCS), slot durations, special scheduling optional features (mini-slot scheduling), cloud- and virtual-based transport network infrastructures including slicing, and finally intelligent radio and transport packet retransmissions mechanisms. QoS analysis with emphasis on the determination of the transmitted
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Omumbo, Nicholas J., Titus M. Muhambe, and Cyprian M. Ratemo. "Evaluation of Routing Performance using OSPF and Multi-Controller Based Network Architecture." International Journal of Computer Network and Information Security 13, no. 4 (2021): 45–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5815/ijcnis.2021.04.05.

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Newer mobile applications are increasingly being defined using Internet Protocol, resulting in increased use of Internet Protocol and subsequent upsurge of smartphones. However, many communication service provider core networks continue to use classical routing protocols and single controller-based networks if deployed. Controller-based networks built on the foundation of software-defined networks include centralization and separation of control plane and data plane, which can address the challenges experienced with the classical routing protocols. When single controllers are used, they tend t
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Basu, Subho Shankar, Mathias Baert, and Jeroen Hoebeke. "QoS Enabled Heterogeneous BLE Mesh Networks." Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks 10, no. 2 (2021): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jsan10020024.

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Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is a widely known short-range wireless technology used for various Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Recently, with the introduction of BLE mesh networks, this short-range barrier of BLE has been overcome. However, the added advantage of an extended range can come at the cost of a lower performance of these networks in terms of latency, throughput and reliability, as the core operation of BLE mesh is based on advertising and packet flooding. Hence, efficient management of the system is required to achieve a good performance of these networks and a smoother funct
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Martínez, Ricardo, Arturo Mayoral, Ricardo Vilalta, et al. "Integrated SDN/NFV Orchestration for the Dynamic Deployment of Mobile Virtual Backhaul Networks over a Multi-layer (Packet/Optical) Aggregation Infrastructure [Invited]." Optical Communications and Networks 9, no. 2 (2017): A135 — A142. https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.9.00A135.

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Future 5G networks will bring important challenges to network operators, such as the traffic load increase mainly due to the proliferation of mobile broadband communications. This will force mobile network operators (MNOs) redesigning and investing in their infrastructures [e.g., new equipment for radio access network (RAN), backhaul] to cope with such data growth. Aiming at lowering both capital expenditures and operational expenditures, current networking trends on network virtualization, software-defined networking (SDN), and network function virtualization (NFV) provide an appealing scenar
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Stepanenko, Alexander S., Costas C. Constantinou, and Theodoros N. Arvanitis. "Large-scale behaviour of packet-switched networks: theoretical analysis framework." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 461, no. 2056 (2005): 933–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2004.1406.

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We present a possible way to study large-size packet-switched networks capable of accounting for interactions between adjacent queues. The interaction between queues arises, because of the influence of the routing protocol on each switching decision, and the stochastic nature of packet lengths and inter-arrival times.Both the methodology and the analysis tools are adaptations of methods of statistical mechanics. The justification for their use lies in recent experimental evidence indicating that aggregate, core-network IP traffic, exhibits quasi-Markovian properties when the network is heavily
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Lemmi, Laura, Carlo Puliafito, Antonio Virdis, and Enzo Mingozzi. "SRv6-Based Edge Service Continuity in 5G Mobile Networks." Future Internet 16, no. 4 (2024): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi16040138.

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Ensuring compliance with the stringent latency requirements of edge services requires close cooperation between the network and computing components. Within mobile 5G networks, the nomadic behavior of users may impact the performance of edge services, prompting the need for workload migration techniques. These techniques allow services to follow users by moving between edge nodes. This paper introduces an innovative approach for edge service continuity by integrating Segment Routing over IPv6 (SRv6) into the 5G core data plane alongside the ETSI multi-access edge computing (MEC) architecture.
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Vladislavić, Đani, Darko Huljenić, and Julije Ožegović. "Virtual Network Resource Optimization Model for Network Function Virtualization." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (August 17, 2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9928210.

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Network function virtualization (NFV) is a concept aimed at achieving telecom grade cloud ecosystem for new-generation networks focusing on capital and operational expenditure (CAPEX and OPEX) savings. This study introduces empirical throughput prediction model for the virtual network function (VNF) and network function virtualization infrastructure (NFVI) architectures based on Linux kernel. The model arises from the methodology for performance evaluation and modeling based on execution area (EA) distribution by CPU core pinning. EA is defined as a software execution unit that can run isolate
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Kim, Duckwoo, YoungGyoun Moon, Jaehyun Hwang, and KyoungSoo Park. "FlexCP: A Scalable Multipath TCP Proxy for Cellular Networks." Proceedings of the ACM on Networking 1, CoNEXT3 (2023): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3629143.

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Research has shown that Multipath TCP (MPTCP) improves the quality of a TCP connection by exploiting multiple paths, but its adoption in the wide area network is still fledgling. While MPTCP-TCP proxying is often employed as a practical solution, the performance of a split-connection proxy is suboptimal – it wastes CPU cycles on content relaying between two connections while it does not efficiently leverage multiple CPU cores in packet processing. We present FlexCP, a high-performance MPTCP-TCP proxy based on the following properties. First, FlexCP operates by translating the two protocols on
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Țurcanu, Dinu. "QUALITY OF SERVICES IN MPLS NETWORKS." Journal of Engineering Science XXVII (3) (September 15, 2020): 102–10. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3949674.

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As traffic networks have become increasingly complex, there has been a need to migrate from circuits to packet-based networks. MPLS is a promising solution for the growing number of applications that require different QoS treatments that share the same core network. This paper elucidates the role and objectives of QoS, general aspects of service quality in MPLS networks, implementation of MPLS TE network and its integration with IntServ and DiffServ, MPLS QoS applications on MPLS VPNs, as well as MPLS-TP integration with SDN, analyzing the advantages and challenges conditioned by their integra
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Aman, Madeeha, Saeed Mahfooz, Muhammad Zubair, Neelam Mukhtar, Kanwal Imran, and Shah Khusro. "Tunnel-Free Distributed Mobility Management (DMM) Support Protocol for Future Mobile Networks." Electronics 8, no. 12 (2019): 1519. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8121519.

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The number of wireless services and devices have remarkably increased, especially since the introduction of smart phones. The population of mobile nodes (MNs) is now exceeding the traditional non-mobile nodes. Mobility is a key factor in mobile core networks as it is responsible for providing continuous communication when a MN is on the move. Currently, a centralized mobile core network architecture is implemented, which has certain limitations. Distributed mobility management (DMM) is often seen as a solution to the problems associated with centralized mobility management (CMM). Address and t
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Wang, Biao, Haobo Zhang, Yunan Zhu, Banggui Cai, and Xiaopeng Guo. "Adaptive Power-Controlled Depth-Based Routing Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 8 (2023): 1567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11081567.

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Low energy consumption has always been one of the core issues in the routing design of underwater sensor networks. Due to the high cost and difficulty of deployment and replacement of current underwater nodes, many underwater applications require the routing protocol design to consider the network lifetime extension problem. Based on this, we designed a new routing protocol that takes into account both low energy consumption and balanced energy consumption, and achieves effective extension of the network lifetime, called adaptive power-controlled depth-based routing protocol for underwater wir
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Fernandes, Silvio R., Ivan S. Silva, and Marcio Kreutz. "Packet-driven General Purpose Instruction Execution on Communication-based Architectures." Journal of Integrated Circuits and Systems 5, no. 1 (2010): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.29292/jics.v5i1.310.

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In the last few years, the development of Multi-Core architectures was driven by the crescent advance in integration technology. In this scenario, when the number of cores increases, problems found on shared communication media, such as busses, can be addressed by using a network approach. This paper proposes the usage of communication capabilities of Networks-on-Chip (NoCs) to execute general purpose instructions. The main idea behind this approach is to allow networks-on-chip architectures to execute general purpose instructions inside each router architecture. This paper addresses the main
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42

Kumar, Arun. "3G Networks: Opportunities and Challenges." Bulletin of Mathematical Sciences and Applications 3 (February 2013): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/bmsa.3.28.

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Several applications of practical interest stem fromthe capability to monitor and store packet-level traces in a 3Gnetwork. Among them, the possibility to infer andlocatenetwork problems (e.g. persistent shortage of capacity,or equipment misfunctioning), in the core and radio sections,without direct access to the equipments. This approach yieldsstrong practical benefits, given the costs and complexity ofaccessing network equipments, especially in the Radio AccessNetwork. At the same time, it exposes practical issues - e.g. theneed to dynamically locate the traffic sources (Mobile Stations)- an
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43

Xenakis, Dionysis, Marios Kountouris, Lazaros Merakos, Nikos Passas, and Christos Verikoukis. "Performance Analysis of Network-Assisted D2D Discovery in Random Spatial Networks." IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 18 (May 1, 2016): 5695–707. https://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2016.2568172.

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Device-to-device (D2D) discovery is the inextricable prelude for the direct exchange of local traffic between cellular users in proximity. The D2D discovery process can be based on either autonomous actions taken by D2D-enabled devices, also known as network-assisted D2D discovery or core network functionalities to estimate proximity, also known as network-assisted D2D discovery. A key advantage of network-assisted D2D discovery is its potential to reduce the energy, signaling, and interference required for D2D discovery, by exploiting knowledge of the network layout. We analyze the performanc
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Doraisamy, Radha, Minal Moharir, and Rajakumar Arul. "Congestion aware and game based odd even adaptive routing in network on chip many-core architecture." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 28, no. 2 (2022): 962. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v28.i2.pp962-972.

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The era of single processors had almost reached a saturation state, and the industry had moved to multi-core processors for the newer generation of many-core architecture. Interconnections between multiple cores with network on chip (NoC) surpass traditional bus architecture for its quality of service (QoS) and other additional services. Seamless communication among the cores is more significant for better performance and the proper utilization of the cores. The rise in the cores count in a semiconductor chip adds the complexity of the communication among cores. Cache misses request and packet
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45

Ivanets, I. D., V. K. Ovsyak, and O. V. Ovsyak. "REMOTE PHY DEVICE MODULE FOR HYBRID FIBER-COAXIAL NETWORK BASED ON DOCSIS 4.0 STANDARD." Ukrainian Journal of Information Technology 6, no. 2 (2024): 117–24. https://doi.org/10.23939/ujit2024.02.117.

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This paper presents the comprehensive design and implementation of an RPD (Remote PHY Device) module, which serves as a pivotal component within the Remote PHY Node architecture for hybrid fiber-coaxial (HFC) networks based on the DOCSIS 4.0 standard. The development of this module addresses the critical need for enhanced data transmission rates and network efficiency in modern broadband communication systems. The research thoroughly investigates the integration of GCP/R-DEPI/R-UEPI protocols into the RPD module, utilizing advanced packet processing technologies to optimize data transfer betwe
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Li, Yan Chao, Fu Qiang Liu, Ping Wang, Wei Jun Xing, and Li Xuan Jia. "Building a Test System without Clock Synchronization for Measuring UE-to-UE One-Way Delay of VoIP Packets in WCDMA Networks." Applied Mechanics and Materials 263-266 (December 2012): 3203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.263-266.3203.

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For the current encountered difficulties in UE-to-UE one-way delay test of VoIP business, this paper introduces a test system to measure the one-way delay between two user equipments (UE). The paper shows that the key to implement this system is that we make different UE obtain time information from the same computer instead of the traditional time synchronization process. Thus, we need a server in the core network to realize the function of packet forwarding. Moreover, when VoIP business is running, the packets from UE should be captured in order to calculate the time difference between the s
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Shiltagh, Nadia Adnan, and Maab Alaa Hussein. "Data Aggregation in Wireless Sensor Networks Using Modified Voronoi Fuzzy Clustering Algorithm." Journal of Engineering 21, no. 4 (2015): 42–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2015.04.03.

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Data centric techniques, like data aggregation via modified algorithm based on fuzzy clustering algorithm with voronoi diagram which is called modified Voronoi Fuzzy Clustering Algorithm (VFCA) is presented in this paper. In the modified algorithm, the sensed area divided into number of voronoi cells by applying voronoi diagram, these cells are clustered by a fuzzy C-means method (FCM) to reduce the transmission distance. Then an appropriate cluster head (CH) for each cluster is elected. Three parameters are used for this election process, the energy, distance between CH and its neighbor senso
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Emmanuel, Tonye, Deussom Djomadji Eric Michel, and Ebai Oben Brolynes Agbor. "Virtualization of a 4G Evolved Packet Core Network Using Network Function Virtualization (NFV) Technology with NS3 for Enterprise and Educational Purpose." American Journal of Networks and Communications 13, no. 1 (2024): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ajnc.20241301.11.

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The current networks of many operators dispose an increasing variety of purpose built, vertically integrated, and vendor-locked hardware equipment. This makes it difficult to easily scale their radio access and core networks as it requires yet another variety of equipment, leading to increased Time-to-Market and inefficient resource utilization. Furthermore, network equipment are expensive to procure and upgrade (increased CAPEX), and are difficult to adapt and program for new services (increased OPEX). These trends have recently spurred several efforts to redesign various components of mobile
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Habib, Md Arafat, and Sangman Moh. "Game theory-based Routing for Wireless Sensor Networks: A Comparative Survey." Applied Sciences 9, no. 14 (2019): 2896. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9142896.

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Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have become an important and promising technology owing to their wide range of applications in disaster response, battle field surveillance, wildfire monitoring, radioactivity monitoring, etc. In WSNs, routing plays a significant role in delivery latency, energy consumption, and packet delivery ratio. Furthermore, as these applications are used in critical operations with limited irreplaceable batteries, routing protocols are required to be flawless as well as energy efficient. The dynamic environment also requires intelligent and adaptive routing. Game theory i
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Lacković, Marko. "Quality of Service Aware Call Admission Control in Cell Based Multi-Service Photonic Network." Journal of Communications Software and Systems 6, no. 1 (2010): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24138/jcomss.v6i1.194.

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The article tackles the problem of quality of service assurance in photonic networks. The idea of multi-servicephotonic network model with the coexistence of optical circuit and packet switching mechanisms and cell communication is used as a basis for service differentiation in the optical domain. Cell loss ratio as a key performance indicator determines the required optical switching mechanism. Service provisioning is performed using call admission control mechanism with real-time cell loss ratio estimation procedure. Service blocking probability calculation utilizes discrete event simulation
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